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Evaluating the Performance of Water Treatment Plant

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32086 Huda Mohammed Selman et al./ Elixir Civil Engg. 82 (2015) 32086-32093

Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal)

Civil Engineering
Elixir Civil Engg. 82 (2015) 32086-32093

Evaluating the Performance of Water Treatment Plant (Case Study: Al-

Rumaitha Treatment Plant, Al-Muthanna, Iraq)
Huda Mohammed Selman1, Ahmed Amir Abdul Wahid2 and Ghassan Mohammed Selman2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq.
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq.

ARTICLE INFO A B ST R A C T
A rt i cl e h i st ory : The trend of urbanization in Iraq is exerting stress on civic authorities to provide basic
Received: 12 March 2015; requirement such as safe drinking water, sanitation and infrastructure. The rapid growth of
Received in revised form: population has exerted the portable water demand, which requires exploration of raw water
19 April 2015; sources, developing treatment and distribution systems. There is a need to study the water
Accepted: 30 April 2015; treatment plants for their operational status and to explore the best feasible mechanism to
ensure proper drinking water production with least possible rejects and its management. A
K e y w or d s case study has been conducted to evaluate the process of treatment and to find out the
Treatment problems of drinking water treatment process in Al-Rumaitha drinking water treatment
Plant, Turbidity, plant(RWTP) lies in the city of Rumaitha in Muthanna province,Iraq. In general,
Al-rumaitha, conventional treatment is provided having a sequence of alum addition, coagulation,
Evaluation. sedimentation, filtration and disinfection by chlorination. Water treatment plants are playing
an important role in purifying and supplying the pure water to the people. This plant consists
of two projects, The design capacity of the old project (88000 m3 / day ) and for the new
project ( 820 m3 / hr) while not know the actual capacity of the plant due to lack of flow
gauges. In this study, the removal efficient of turbidity will be addressed as well as three
factors are, total dissolved solids , pH and values of chlorine added at February,2015 of old
and new project for raw and treated water, then compared within Iraqi limits to note the
problems of the plant and how to avoid them in the easiest and cheapest methods. It was
found that the average value of the removal efficiency of the turbidity were about 51.5% of
old project and 53.8% of new project which is relatively low due to the absence of the
permanent maintenance and the continuous clean out for the sedimentation basin. The
average value of T.D.S concentration of treated water were 910.8 ppm of old project and
911.5 ppm of new project . The free chloride (CL2)of old project was 2.1 ppm and of new
project was 2.6 ppm. While we don't note that the strong influence of the change in
temperature on the factors which studied in this project. The pH value is almost constant
values for the water of the Euphrates River. In addition to the study of these factors there are
notes on the treatment plant should study and develop plans for processing and control. It is
upon these observations lack of flocculation basin, limiting the efficiency of the
sedimentation basins despite large size disrupt dissolve alum basins as alum is added to it
manually, leading to differing concentrations of alum solution. From time to time and other
problems presented piping at the station, as is since the establishment.
© 2015 Elixir All rights reserved.

Introduction range of items. However, the desired chemical and harmful [1, 2,
Next to the air, the other important requirement for human and 3].The earliest recorded knowledge of water quality and its
life to exists is water. Water is available in various forms such as treatment are found in Sanskrit literature “Sushuri Sanhita”
rivers, lake, streams etc. The earliest civilizations organized on compiled about 2000 B.C. It deals with storage of drinking water
the banks of major river systems and required water for drinking, in copper vessels, exposure to sunlight, filtering through
bathing, cooking etc. But with the advancement of civilization charcoal, sand etc. The correlation between water quality and
the utility of water enormously increased and now such a stage incidence of diseases was first established in 1849 by Dr. John
has come that without well organized public water supply snow when cholera appeared in London during the summer and
scheme, it is impossible to run the present civic life and the 14,600 deaths were reported. But Dr. snow unable to convince
develop the towns. The importance of water from only a quantity the authorities and public with the evidence of available data.
viewpoint was recognized from the earliest days and the The water borne diseases like typhoid, dysentery, cholera etc the
importance of quality come to be recognized gradually in the concept of water borne diseases was well accepted by 1900.
later days. The main objective of water treatment is to purify the Another striking example was reported from Uttarpradesh by
polluted water and make it fit for the human consumption, W.H.O (World Health Organisation) in 1963, there the death
through the removal and killing of organism’s sickness rate by chorera decreased by 74.1%, Thyphoid fever by 63.6% ,
(pathogenic organisms) and remove the taste, smell, unpalatable by dysentery 23.1% and diarria by 63.6%. All these were
turbidity discharge, some of the excess of dissolved metals and a achieved by drinking water treatment [4]. Potable water for
Tele:
E-mail addresses: [email protected]
© 2015 Elixir All rights reserved
32087 Huda Mohammed Selman et al./ Elixir Civil Engg. 82 (2015) 32086-32093

human consumption contains permitted concentration of measured in this study revealed the presence of cracks and mud
impurities, particulates, chemical compounds and minerals balls in the sand media of the filter units causing inefficiencies in
dissolved water treatment [5]. Moreover, it contains the number filtration as well as lower filtration rates. WHO also
of bacteria in source water and like colon bacteria (E-coli), also recommends turbidities of less than 5NTU for drinking water
included the parameters of the highest amounts of radiation in and higher turbidities ranging 5-7NTU measured in this study
the presence of water [5 and 6]. The raw water quality available indicates possibility of faults in the treatment plant and
in Iraq varies significantly, resulting in modifications to the distribution system. Corrective measures should therefore be
conventional water treatment scheme consisting of screen, pursued [9].
chemical coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. Materials and Methods
The backwash water and sludge generation from water treatment Description of the Project:
plants are of environment concern in terms of disposal. Al-Rumitha water supply project is the important project in
Therefore, optimization of chemical dosing and filter runs Al-Muthanna province. This Treatment Plant consists of two
carries importance to reduce the rejects from the water treatment projects: The old project was constructed in 1982 to produce
plants. Also there is a need to study the water treatment plants 88000 m3/day and to produce 40000 m3/day due to meet the
for their operational status and to explore the best feasible increasing water demand in all Al-Muthanna province. Figure1
mechanism to ensure proper drinking water production with shows the site of Al-Rumitha water treatment plant
least possible rejects and its management.
Objective of Study
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the
performance of Al-Rumaitha water treatment plant. Turbidity
and T.D.S were selected as a main parameters which are very
important tools in the evaluation of performance.
Literature Review:
Michele Grenier, XCG Consultants Ltd.*. Performance
evaluations were conducted at two surface water treatment
plants based on the Guidance Manual for the Optimization of
Ontario Water Treatment Plants Using the Composite Correction
Program (CCP) Approach (Ontario Ministry of Environment,
March 1998). The CCP approach was developed by the US
Environmental Protection Agency and adapted for the MOE.
The CCP approach consists of two main components, the
Comprehensive Performance Evaluation (CPE) phase and the
Comprehensive Technical Assistance (CTA) phase. The CPE is
an evaluation approach that aims to estimate the capabilities of Fig 1. The site of Al-Rumitha water treatment plant (RWTP)
the existing facility. The objective of the CPE phase is to [10].
identify if significant improvements in the plant’s performance The purification process:
can be achieved without major capital improvements. The CTA Figure 2 shows the general layout of the RWTP, which
is a performance improvement phase that addresses the issues consists of collection works, treatment and storage facilities. The
following gives a brief description of all WTP units components
identified during the CPE and implements the optimization of
the existing facilities to achieve desired performance. This paper facilities.
describes the CPE phase conducted at two Ontario water
treatment plants [7].
M. A. ElDib and Mahmoud A. Azeem Elbayoumy (2003)
This research outlines the finding of investigation of the
treatment plant in Dakahlia (Meet Fares). The evaluation
conducted in this research was carried out by reviewing the
engineering design to assure matching of standards and codes.
Also, biological, chemical and bacteriological analysis were
conducted to investigate water quality. The conclusions drawn
from this research outlines the importance of accurate
engineering design and need for continuous monitoring and
analysis of each unit performance [8].
C.B.A. Ogutu and F.A.O. Otieno(2003). In this study,
sampling of water was done at the inlet and outlet of each of the
process units of the Moi University drinking water treatment
plant (Kenya) regularly for six months and turbidity tests done to
asses their performance in terms of turbidity removal. Other
physical parameters like pH, Residual chlorine and suspended Fig 2. Sketch the line of Al-Rumitha Water Treatment Plant
solids were also measured and their relationship with turbidity (RWTP)
developed. Results revealed that the optimum coagulant dosage Intake and Intake Conduit:
for this plant should be 2mg/l at pH of 6.8 for optimal turbidity It is located on the Euphrates River in depth of 12 meters, a
removal; this however, varies from plant to plant. WHO rubber protector to prevent the entry of floating material and
recommendations for turbidity of filtered water to be disinfected algae. The intake conduit that pull water from source has 90 cm
with chlorine should be less than 1NTU. Higher turbidities in diameter. The pump contains 5 plugs on the pump uploaded
the water, six of them working and the forth-pump is as Standby.
32088 Huda Mohammed Selman et al./ Elixir Civil Engg. 82 (2015) 32086-32093

The total energy of each pump is 820 m3/ h, the pressure of the
head of the water wis 15 m, and the type of the pump is (KSP
RDL 400-440A). These pumps are meant to raise the water from
the river to the Rapid mixing basin. There is an organized
system near the lift station in order organize the amount of water
drawn from river.

Fig 5. Rapid Mixing and room of alum add in RWTP

Sedimentation:
After mixing the water is transferred from flash mixing to
sedimentation basins immediately. There are four sedimentation
basins ,with 45m diameter for each one. Each basin contain clay
scrapers which has 50 cm in height to remove precipitates
materials .The clay have accumulated by the scrapers through an
orifice is located below sedimentation basin known as (clay
orifice). The clay is pushed through clay orifice to the river by
using pipe of 20 cm dia.

Fig 3. River Intake and Main pipe of RWTP

Screens
Screens are fixed in the intake works or at the entrance of
treatment plant so as to remove the floating matters as leaves,
dead animals etc.

Fig 4. Bar Screen of RWTP

Rapid Mixing
The rapid mixing stage is the first treatment step for water
after receives it from river. Chemical additive as aluminum is
added to the raw water materials in a manner and then distribute
the water to the sedimentation basins. Dimensions of the pelvis
(6 ×5.6×4) m and the actual capacity of the basin is 118 m3 and
the reaction time is 180 seconds. In this position alum solution
and pre-chlorination are applied across(1 in) diameter pipe. The Fig 6. Sedimentation basin with scraper in RWTP
aluminum sulphate solution is delivered, via two splitter boxes Filtration
each of which serves four clarifiers. Inside the coagulation tank The process of passing the water through beds of sand or
there is a mixer in order to achieve the required flocculation. other granular materials is known as filtration. For removing
Sludge which is discharged from the concentrators and the bacteria, color, taste, odors and producing clear water, filters are
central chamber of each clarifier, flows under gravity to the used by sand filtration 95 to 98% suspended impurities are
sludge pumping station. Its discharge = 1150 liter/hr. The alum removed The number of Filtration basins are 22 basin each one
which add as powder in the past was used 150 bags of alum but have dimensions (9.5 m × 5 m). Filters media consist from
now 20 bags are consumed in one day as a result of change in graded sand and gravel. Filtration rate about 160 liter/hr. filters
weather and water case according to( turbidity test & ph test).the are cleaning manual (there is a small space on the side to allow
mechanism of alum add according to ministry standards was to the worker to walk and clean).The water outside of the filters
limited with (5 gm\m3) . There are 3 alum container the water is are pure but not sterilized .Washing of filters is occur in three
pulled from it to flash mixer (it mixes alum impure water) in times per day Because of the high turbidity of the river, the
coagulation basin. Each alum molecule will break four particles water uses for washing the filters are the water which in the
of clay in the sedimentation tank .The water which mixed underground reservoir ( by using six pumps) ,the water which
rapidly will collected through a small opening before entering contained mud and result from filters washing go back to the
the settling ponds and then go to the raw water tower in the river. Filters washing accurse by opening the filter which
center of sedimentation basins ,and after the sedimentation neighboring to the filter which needed to wash and then close the
completion the water goes to the opening as (v-notch)shape to washing filter. The water that is produced from washing have
the filter basins during time period (one hour). returned to source (river).
32089 Huda Mohammed Selman et al./ Elixir Civil Engg. 82 (2015) 32086-32093

is properly done during each phase or stage of treatment and to

examine whether the treated water confirms to standards.
Turbidity , T.D.S. and chloride added are used in this analysis.
The data were collected from daily laboratory water quality
analysis reports covering the period from 1-2-2015 to 26-2-2015
for two projects of RWTP .
Types of tests:
The tests was working daily, approximately during February
month 2015. These tests include:
1. Turbidity: It is caused due to presence of suspended and
colloidal matter in the water. The character and amount of
turbidity depends upon the type of soil over which the water has
moved ground waters are less turbid than the surface water.
Turbidity is a measure of resistance of water to the passage of
light through it. Turbidity is expressed as NTU (Nephelometric
Turbidity Units) or PPM (parts per million) or Milligrams per
liter (mg/l). Turbidity is measured by 1) Turbidity rod or Tape 2)
Jacksons Turbid meter 3) Bali’s Turbid meter. In this study it
measured by first method The Sample to be tested is poured into
a test tube and placed in the meter and units of turbidity is read
directly on the scale by a needle or by digital display. Drinking
water should not have turbidity more than 10 N.T.U. This test is
useful in determining the detention time in settling for raw water
and to dosage of coagulants.
Fig 7. Filtration basin and Back washing in RWTP 2. Temperature: Temperature of water is measured by means of
The process of killing the infective bacteria from the water ordinary thermometers. The temperature of surface water is
and making it safe to the user is called disinfection. There are generally at atmospheric temperature, while that of ground water
pipes in filters of dia.= 4 cm which take the non disinfected may be more or less than atmospheric temperature. The most
water from the ground tank of filter to the ground reservoir then desirable temperature for public supply between 4.4°C to 10°C.
chlorine is mechanically added as disinfection matter. Chlorine The temperature above 35°C are unfit for public supply, because
is put with rate of (3-3.5) Boeing so that 0.5 ppm of Chlorine is it is not palatable.
reach to consumer. After the disinfection is completed the water 3. PH Value of Water PH value denotes the concentration of
is become drinkable and is divided as following: hydrogen ions in the water and it is a measure of acidity or
• Al-Samawah city: 6 pumps, discharge = 675 m3/hr and head alkalinity of a substance.
losses = 90 m,
• AL-Rumaithah city: 2 pumps, discharge = 300 m3/hr and head
losses = (70-80) m,
• AL-Hilal city: 2 pumps, discharge = 200 m3/hr and head losses
= (80-90) m,
Depending upon the nature of dissolved salts and minerals,
AL-Khudhr city: 2 pumps, discharge = 400 m3/hr and head
the PH value ranges from 0 to 14. For pure water, PH value is 7
losses = (70-80) m
and 0 to 7 acidic and 7 to 14 alkaline range. For public water
supply PH value may be 6.5 to 8.5. The lower value may cause
tubercolation and corrosion, where as high value may produce
incrustation, sediment deposits and other bad effects. PH value
of water is generally determined by PH papers or by using PH
meter. In this study it was measured by second method PH can
read directly on scale or by digital display using PH meter.
4. TDS: TDS shows general water Quality.
5. Chlorine Added: A partial material which used in chlorine
examination was Powder Pop Dispenser PPD.
Results and discussion
Turbidity: It is indicated from Table2 and 3. It is obvious to
note that the turbidity of the that water entered the plant had
peaked in 24/2/2015 of old project and new project during the
study period on with a value 22 NTU and 18 NTU respectively.
The lowered turbidity in 8/2/2015 of old project and in
Fig 8. Ground reservoir and Chlorine Container of RWTP 19/2/2015 of new project with a total value 9.1 NTU and 7.3
Data Collection NTU respectively. The overall rate of raw water turbidity
Two different types of water samples have been taken for involved 13.4 NTU and 12.6 NTU of old project and new project
the analysis at different stages of treatment: raw water and respectively .The turbidity of treated water has peaked in
supply water. All the water samples were taken at February 4/2/2015 of old of old project and in 24/2/2015 of new project
2015. The aim of the daily laboratory test is to ensure that with a value of 14 NTU and 10.1 NTU respectively , lowered in
potable water confirming to IS . Physical tests conducted to 16/2/2015 with a value of 4.5 NTU of old project and 4.2 NTU
determine the quality of water, to ensure that treatment of water of new project . Whereas the overall rate of turbidity of treated
32090 Huda Mohammed Selman et al./ Elixir Civil Engg. 82 (2015) 32086-32093

water were 6.3 NTU of old project and 5.4 NTU of new project.
The removal efficiency of turbidity reached its optimum
magnitude of old project in 24/2/2015 with about 72.7 % and of
new project was 71.3% in 5/2/2015 , while it lowed in 4/2/2015
with about 10.8% of old project and in 26/2/2015 with about
26% of new project .The turbidity increased in rainy seasons.
The removal efficiency of turbidity in RWTP was 52.5 %. The
relationship between turbidity and the date of test is reported in
fig.9 and 10. The comparison between removal efficiency of old
and new project would showed in fig.11
Fig 12. Relation Between T.D.S and day of Test of Old
Project

Fig 9. Relation Between Turbidity and day of Test of Old

Project
Fig 10. Relation Between Turbidity and day of Test of New
Project
pH Value: Results for PH are illustrated in Fig.11. It is shown
the relationship of the values of pH, ranged between (7.5-8.5),
which are among the determinants of global and do not have a
significant impact on other water features. The data clearly
indicates that all pH value of treated water was found acceptable
the Iraqi limits of (7.0-8.5). Table 6 indicates to the data of pH
value.

Fig 10. Relation Between Turbidity and day of Test of New

Project

Fig 11. Comparison Between pH value with IS.

Add chloride: The dose of chloride was within the
specifications of Iraqi standards ranging between (0.5 - 4) mg/l.
It is evidenced that the chlorine dose increased in rainy season as
it already illustrated in Fig.12. This is because of the high value
Fig 11. Removal Efficiency of Turbidity in Old and New of turbidity which leads to rise number of contaminants. The
Project data of added chloride of old and new project in RWTP are
T.D.S: Total dissolved solids of old and new project in RWTP shown in Table 7.
are shown in fig. 12,13 and 14, while the data of T.D.S. is
depicted in Table 4 and 5. It can be clearly seen that the
corresponding values of T.D.S of raw water was higher in the
new project, 991 ppm . Maximum average concentration of
T.D.S was 988 ppm in the old project .The Iraqi standards of
total dissolved solids could be applicable to it (500 ppm).T.D.S
value unacceptable of IS in all days of study.

Fig 12. Change Free (CL2) within date of test

32091 Huda Mohammed Selman et al./ Elixir Civil Engg. 82 (2015) 32086-32093
Table 1. Iraqi Specifications(IS) of Drinking Water No. (17/4/1974)
Parameter Desirable-Tolerable If no alternative source available, limit extended up to
Turbidity (NTU unit) 5 25
Color (Hazen scale) 5 50
Taste and Odor Un-objectionable Un-objectionable
PH 7.0-8.5 6.5-9.2
Electrical conductivity (µS/cm) ---- 2000
Acidity mg/l (as caco3) 0.0 ----
Alkalinity mg/l (as caco3) 125 200
Calcium mg/l (as Ca) 75 200
Magnesium mg/l (as Mg) 50 150
Chlorides mg/l (as Cl) 200 600
Total Hardness mg/l (as CaCO3) 100 500
Iron mg/l (as Fe ) 0.1 1.0
Sulphates mg/l (as SO4) 200 400
Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/l 500 1500
Fluorides mg/l (as F ) 0.6-1.2 1.5
Added chloride mg/l 0.5-4 ----
Nitrates mg/l (as NO3) ---- 40
M.P.N. of total coli form 37 C ---- 9.2

Table 3.Turbidity and Removal Efficiency of Old Project.

Day Date Turbidity(NTU) Removal Efficiency (%)(Old Project)
Raw water Treated water
Sunday 1/2/2015 16.4 6.4 61.0
Monday 2/2/2015 15 4.6 69.3
Tuesday 3/2/2015 16.7 5.0 70.1
Wednesday 4/2/2015 15.7 14 10.8
Thursday 5/2/2015 14.2 10.1 28.9
Sunday 8/2/2015 9.1 7.1 22.0
Monday 9/2/2015 11 7.9 28.2
Tuesday 10/2/2015 12.7 6.8 46.5
Wednesday 11/2/2015 11.4 5.7 50.0
Thursday 12/2/2015 10.1 6.4 36.6
Sunday 15/2/2015 12.0 5.0 58.3
Monday 16/2/2015 13.0 4.5 65.4
Tuesday 17/2/2015 11.0 4.8 56.4
Wednesday 18/2/2015 10.0 5.0 50.0
Thursday 19/2/2015 9.2 4.8 47.8
Sunday 22/2/2015 15 6.3 58.0
Monday 23/2/2015 16.0 5.0 68.8
Tuesday 24/2/2015 22.0 6.0 72.7
Wednesday 25/2/2015 15.0 5.0 66.7
Thursday 26/2/2015 13.0 4.8 63.1

Table 4. Turbidity and Removal Efficiency of New Project

Day Date Turbidity(NTU) Removal Efficiency (%) (New Project)
Raw water Treated water
Sunday 1/2/2015 18.0 6.0 66.7
Monday 2/2/2015 17.0 5.0 70.6
Tuesday 3/2/2015 18.0 6.3 65.0
Wednesday 4/2/2015 17.0 5.0 70.6
Thursday 5/2/2015 16.0 4.6 71.3
Sunday 8/2/2015 13.0 4.5 65.4
Monday 9/2/2015 12.0 4.3 64.2
Tuesday 10/2/2015 14.0 4.9 65.0
Wednesday 11/2/2015 13.0 5.0 61.5
Thursday 12/2/2015 12.0 6.2 48.3
Sunday 15/2/2015 9.3 5.0 46.2
Monday 16/2/2015 9.5 4.2 55.8
Tuesday 17/2/2015 8.4 4.8 42.9
Wednesday 18/2/2015 8.0 4.7 41.3
Thursday 19/2/2015 7.3 4.6 37.0
Sunday 22/2/2015 10 5.0 50.0
Monday 23/2/2015 13 7.4 43.1
Tuesday 24/2/2015 18 10.1 43.9
Wednesday 25/2/2015 11 6.5 40.9
Thursday 26/2/2015 10 7.4 26.0
32092 Huda Mohammed Selman et al./ Elixir Civil Engg. 82 (2015) 32086-32093

Table 4. Total Dissolved Solids and Removal Efficiency of Old Project.

Day Date T.D.S (ppm)
Raw Treated
Sunday 1/2/2015 899 887
Monday 2/2/2015 873 856
Tuesday 3/2/2015 852 846
Wednesday 4/2/2015 907 880
Thursday 5/2/2015 931 889
Sunday 8/2/2015 964 943
Monday 9/2/2015 989 988
Tuesday 10/2/2015 962 952
Wednesday 11/2/2015 942 927
Thursday 12/2/2015 938 925
Sunday 15/2/2015 955 946
Monday 16/2/2015 954 945
Tuesday 17/2/2015 945 934
Wednesday 18/2/2015 942 921
Thursday 19/2/2015 940 925
Sunday 22/2/2015 873 862
Monday 23/2/2015 885 870
Tuesday 24/2/2015 913 901
Wednesday 25/2/2015 937 908
Thursday 26/2/2015 936 910

Table 5. Total Dissolved Solids and Removal Efficiency of New Project.

Day Date T.D.S(ppm)
Raw water Treated water
Sunday 1/2/2015 902 981
Monday 2/2/2015 878 860
Tuesday 3/2/2015 868 855
Wednesday 4/2/2015 909 894
Thursday 5/2/2015 934 892
Sunday 8/2/2015 968 948
Monday 9/2/2015 991 987
Tuesday 10/2/2015 968 946
Wednesday 11/2/2015 943 931
Thursday 12/2/2015 940 927
Sunday 15/2/2015 950 946
Monday 16/2/2015 949 941
Tuesday 17/2/2015 938 932
Wednesday 18/2/2015 937 930
Thursday 19/2/2015 935 920
Sunday 22/2/2015 869 853
Monday 23/2/2015 881 863
Tuesday 24/2/2015 908 905
Wednesday 25/2/2015 934 903
Thursday 26/2/2015 933 905

Table 6. PH value of Raw Water ,Treated Water of Old and New Project in RWTP
Day Date PH
Raw water Treated Water of Old project Treated Water of New project
Sunday 1/2/2015 8.7 7.5 7.9
Monday 2/2/2015 9.1 7.7 8.3
Tuesday 3/2/2015 8.3 8.0 7.5
Wednesday 4/2/2015 8.9 7.9 7.5
Thursday 5/2/2015 9.5 7.6 7.7
Sunday 8/2/2015 8.3 7.5 8.1
Monday 9/2/2015 8.9 7.5 7.9
Tuesday 10/2/2015 9.5 7.7 8.0
Wednesday 11/2/2015 8.7 7.8 7.5
Thursday 12/2/2015 9.1 7.9 7.7
Sunday 15/2/2015 8.3 7.8 7.6
Monday 16/2/2015 8.7 7.5 7.9
Tuesday 17/2/2015 8.0 8.0 7.7
Wednesday 18/2/2015 8.6 7.7 7.5
Thursday 19/2/2015 9.1 7.4 7.5
Sunday 22/2/2015 8.3 7.9 7.5
Monday 23/2/2015 8.7 7.9 7.7
Tuesday 24/2/2015 8.0 7.5 7.8
Wednesday 25/2/2015 8.6 7.5 7.9
Thursday 26/2/2015 9.1 7.7 7.5
32093 Huda Mohammed Selman et al./ Elixir Civil Engg. 82 (2015) 32086-32093
Table 7. Added Chloride of Old and New Project in RWTP
Day Date Added Chlorine (ppm)
Treated Water of Old project Treated Water of New project
Sunday 1/2/2015 1.2 2.5
Monday 2/2/2015 1.7 2.4
Tuesday 3/2/2015 2.5 2.7
Wednesday 4/2/2015 2.6 2.8
Thursday 5/2/2015 2.0 2.5
Sunday 8/2/2015 1.3 2.6
Monday 9/2/2015 1.9 2.3
Tuesday 10/2/2015 2.4 2.5
Wednesday 11/2/2015 2.8 2.6
Thursday 12/2/2015 3.1 2.0
Sunday 15/2/2015 2.2 4.2
Monday 16/2/2015 2.3 3.7
Tuesday 17/2/2015 2.1 2.7
Wednesday 18/2/2015 1.9 2.0
Thursday 19/2/2015 2.1 3.4
Sunday 22/2/2015 2.3 3.1
Monday 23/2/2015 1.6 2.4
Tuesday 24/2/2015 2.1 2.0
Wednesday 25/2/2015 2.3 2.2
Thursday 26/2/2015 1.9 2.0

Conclusions 5. Operating water treatment plant according to the scientific

The conclusions that can be drawn from these engineering conventional method and operation manual in terms of dosing
and laboratory investigations can be summarized as follows: chemicals, de-slugging and backwashing process is highly
1. The average of turbidity removal was relatively acceptable, so recommended.
that to raise the efficiency of removal could be by reducing flow 6. Continuing monitoring different units to get high water
velocity , increasing the amount of alum added and construction quality.
flocculation basin. References
2. Almost pH value of Euphrates river constant with a simple [1] Al-Obaidi, A.H.; 2005. Aluminum concentrations in
differences that resulting from the changes in the river Baghdad water supplies; Master thesis, University of
conditions and the type of suspended solids in it , but it is less Technology. Iraq.
rate than the usual in the times of high level of turbidity but [2] Al-Qaisi, R.J.K.; 2005. Residual chlorine concentrations in
remain within the permissible limits. Baghdad water supplies. Master thesis, University of
3. Adequate engineering design is essential for successful Technology. Iraq.
operating plant. Simple design considerations for retention time, [3] American Water Works Association; AWWA Statement of
velocity, surface loading rate and dosage must be followed. Policy; 1989;" Drinking Water Quality"; J. AWWA;81:5:90.
4. Continuous maintenance and analysis will lead to precise [4] State Institute Of Vocational Education Director Of
evaluation of plant performance and definition of any required Intermediate Education Govt. Of Andhra Pradesh, For The
modifications. Course Of Water Supply And Sanitary Engineering, 2005.
5. T.D.S. is not within allowable limits and that meanly due to a [5] APHA; AWWA; and WPCF; 1985;"Standard Method for the
defect in the filtration basins because of high level of turbidity Examination of Water and Wastewater"; 16th; American Public
which resulting from inadequate work of sedimentation basins. Health Association; Washing; USA.
6. Rapid sand filters sand should be according to standards. [6] Black, A.P.; and Willems, D.G.; 1961;"Electrophoretic studies
7. The water temperature varies with the air temperature without of coagulation for removal of organic color"; J. AWWA; 53:589.
affecting the other water properties. [7] Amirtharajah, A.; and Wetstein, D.P.; 1980;"Initial
8. The amount of added chlorine relatively high but it is within Degradation of Effluent Quality during Filtration"; J. AWWA;
the limits. 72:9:518.
Recommendations [8] Seventh International Water Technology Conference IWTC7
1. Provide a slow mixing basins to improve the work of the Egypt 1-3 April 2003 "Evaluation of a water treatment plant
sedimentation tank. performance -case study" M. A. ElDib and Mahmoud A. Azeem
2. Systematic maintenance of the different treatment units. Elbayoumy.
3. Put the closing valve in the distribution network to avoid [9] Assessing The Performance Of Drinking Water Treatment
shutting down the plant completely when there is some problem Plant Using Turbidity As The Main Parameter (Case Study: Moi
with the net. University-Kenya) C.B.A. Ogutu and F.A.O. Otieno.
4. Supply a gauge of the discharge measurement to know the [10] http://www.ezilon.com/maps/asia/iraq-maps.html
amount of water drawn from the river ,to see how much the plant
production and how much losses of the water inside the station.

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