Pascal Combined Contest

The CENTRE for EDUCATION
in MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING

cemc.uwaterloo.ca
Pascal Contest
(Grade 9)
Tuesday, February 26, 2019
(in North America and South America)
Wednesday, February 27, 2019
(outside of North America and South America)
Time: 60 minutes ©2018 University of Waterloo

Calculating devices are allowed, provided that they do not have any of the following
features: (i) internet access, (ii) the ability to communicate with other devices,
(iii) information previously stored by students (such as formulas, programs, notes,
etc.), (iv) a computer algebra system, (v) dynamic geometry software.
Instructions
1. Do not open the Contest booklet until you are told to do so.
2. You may use rulers, compasses and paper for rough work.
3. Be sure that you understand the coding system for your response form. If you are not sure,
ask your teacher to clarify it. All coding must be done with a pencil, preferably HB. Fill in
circles completely.
4. On your response form, print your school name and city/town in the box in the upper right
corner.
5. Be certain that you code your name, age, grade, and the Contest you are writing
in the response form. Only those who do so can be counted as eligible students.
6. This is a multiple-choice test. Each question is followed by five possible answers marked
A, B, C, D, and E. Only one of these is correct. After making your choice, fill in the
appropriate circle on the response form.
7. Scoring: Each correct answer is worth 5 in Part A, 6 in Part B, and 8 in Part C.
There is no penalty for an incorrect answer.
Each unanswered question is worth 2, to a maximum of 10 unanswered questions.
8. Diagrams are not drawn to scale. They are intended as aids only.
9. When your supervisor tells you to begin, you will have sixty minutes of working time.
10. You may not write more than one of the Pascal, Cayley and Fermat Contests in any given
year.
Do not discuss the problems or solutions from this contest online for the next 48 hours.
The name, grade, school and location, and score range of some top-scoring students will be
published on our website, cemc.uwaterloo.ca. In addition, the name, grade, school and location,
and score of some top-scoring students may be shared with other mathematical organizations
for other recognition opportunities.
Scoring: There is no penalty for an incorrect answer.
Part A: Each correct answer is worth 5.
1. The expression 2 × 3 + 2 × 3 equals

(A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 36 (D) 12 (E) 16
2. The perimeter of a square is 28. What is the side length of this square?
(A) 9 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 4 (E) 7
3. In the diagram, some of the hexagons are shaded. What

fraction of all of the hexagons are shaded?
1 5 4
(A) 2 (B) 9 (C) 5
1 5
(D) 3 (E) 6
4. Yesterday, each student at Pascal C.I. was given a snack.

Each student received either a muffin, yogurt, fruit, or
a granola bar. No student received more than one Granola Bar
Muffin 25%
of these snacks. The percentages of the students who
38%
received each snack are shown in the circle graph. What
percentage of students did not receive a muffin?
Fruit
Yogurt
(A) 27% (B) 38% (C) 52% 27%
10%
(D) 62% (E) 78%
1
5. What is the smallest integer that can be placed in the box so that < ?
2 9
(A) 7 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) 6
6. If 4x + 14 = 8x − 48, what is the value of 2x?

(A) 17 (B) 31 (C) 35 (D) 24 (E) 36
7. In the diagram, point P is on the number line at 3 and V is at 33. The number line
between 3 and 33 is divided into six equal parts by the points Q, R, S, T, U .
3 33
P Q R S T U V
What is the sum of the lengths of P S and T V ?

(A) 25 (B) 23 (C) 24 (D) 21 (E) 27
20
8. The median of the numbers in the list 1920 , , 2019 , 2019, 20 × 19 is
19
20
(A) 1920 (B) (C) 2019 (D) 2019 (E) 20 × 19
19
9. In the diagram, each partially shaded circle has a radius
of 1 cm and has a right angle marked at its centre. In cm2 ,
what is the total shaded area?
(A) 4π 2 (B) 9π 2 (C) 4π
(D) 9π (E) 3π
10. Three 1 × 1 × 1 cubes are joined face to face in a single

row and placed on a table, as shown. The cubes have a
total of 11 exposed 1 × 1 faces. If sixty 1 × 1 × 1 cubes are
joined face to face in a single row and placed on a table,
how many 1 × 1 faces are exposed?
(A) 125 (B) 220 (C) 182
(D) 239 (E) 200
Part B: Each correct answer is worth 6.
11. In a magic square, the numbers in each row, the numbers

in each column, and the numbers on each diagonal have 2.3
the same sum. In the magic square shown, the value of
x is 3.6 3 2.4
(A) 3.8 (B) 3.6 (C) 3.1
x
(D) 2.9 (E) 2.2
12. In the diagram, P R and QS meet at X. Also, Q

4P QX is right-angled at Q with ∠QP X = 62◦ P 62°
and 4RXS is isosceles with RX = SX and
∠XSR = y ◦ . The value of y is
(A) 54 (B) 71 (C) 76 X
(D) 59 (E) 60
R
y°
S
13. The list p, q, r, s consists of four consecutive integers listed in increasing order. If
p + s = 109, the value of q + r is
(A) 108 (B) 109 (C) 110 (D) 117 (E) 111
14. Many of the students in M. Gamache’s class brought a skateboard or a bicycle to

school yesterday. The ratio of the number of skateboards to the number of bicycles
was 7 : 4. There were 12 more skateboards than bicycles. How many skateboards
and bicycles were there in total?
(A) 44 (B) 33 (C) 11 (D) 22 (E) 55
15. Sophie has written three tests. Her marks were 73%, 82% and 85%. She still has
two tests to write. All tests are equally weighted. Her goal is an average of 80% or
higher. With which of the following pairs of marks on the remaining tests will Sophie
not reach her goal?
(A) 79% and 82% (B) 70% and 91% (C) 76% and 86%
(D) 73% and 83% (E) 61% and 99%
16. If x is a number less than −2, which of the following expressions has the least value?
(A) x (B) x + 2 (C) 21 x (D) x − 2 (E) 2x
17. Hagrid has 100 animals. Among these animals,

• each is either striped or spotted but not both,
• each has either wings or horns but not both,
• there are 28 striped animals with wings,
• there are 62 spotted animals, and
• there are 36 animals with horns.
How many of Hagrid’s spotted animals have horns?
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 2 (D) 38 (E) 26
18. In the diagram, each of 4QP T , 4QT S and Q

R
4QSR is an isosceles, right-angled triangle, k
with ∠QP T = ∠QT S = ∠QSR = 90◦ . The P
combined area of the three triangles is 56. If
QP = P T = k, what is the value of k? k
√ T S
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 4
√
(D) 2 (E) 2 2
19. There are six identical red balls and three identical green balls in a pail. Four of these
balls are selected at random and then these four balls are arranged in a line in some
order. How many different-looking arrangements are possible?
(A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 10 (D) 11 (E) 12
20. In the diagram, square P QRS has side length 40. Points
J, K, L, and M are on the sides of P QRS, as shown, so P J Q
that JQ = KR = LS = M P = 10. Line segments JZ,
W
KW , LX, and M Y are drawn parallel to the diagonals M
of the square so that W is on JZ, X is on KW , Y is on X
LX, and Z is on M Y . What is the area of quadrilateral Z
W XY Z?
K
(A) 280 (B) 200 (C) 320 Y
(D) 240 (E) 160 S L R
Part C: Each correct answer is worth 8.
21. What is the units (ones) digit of the integer equal to 52019 − 32019 ?
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 8
22. The integer 2019 can be formed by placing two consecutive two-digit positive integers,
19 and 20, in decreasing order. What is the sum of all four-digit positive integers
greater than 2019 that can be formed in this way?
(A) 476 681 (B) 476 861 (C) 478 661 (D) 468 671 (E) 468 761
23. A path of length 14 m consists of 7 unshaded stripes, each of length 1 m, alternating

with 7 shaded stripes, each of length 1 m. A circular wheel of radius 2 m is divided
into four quarters which are alternately shaded and unshaded. The wheel rolls at a
constant speed along the path from the starting position shown.
...
The wheel makes exactly 1 complete revolution. The percentage of time during which
a shaded section of the wheel is touching a shaded part of the path is closest to
(A) 20% (B) 18% (C) 16% (D) 24% (E) 22%
24. If p, q, r, and s are digits, how many of the 14-digit positive integers of the form
88 663 311 pqr s48 are divisible by 792?
(A) 48 (B) 56 (C) 40 (D) 60 (E) 50
25. In the diagram, P R and QS intersect at V . Also, W is

on P V , U is on P S and T is on P Q with QU and ST P
passing through W . For some real number x,
T U
• the area of 4P U W equals 4x + 4,
• the area of 4SU W equals 2x + 20, W
• the area of 4SV W equals 5x + 20, Q S
V
• the area of 4SV R equals 5x + 11,
R
• the area of 4QV R equals 8x + 32, and
• the area of 4QV W equals 8x + 50.
The area of 4P T W is closest to
(A) 35 (B) 34 (C) 33
(D) 32 (E) 31
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2019
cemc.uwaterloo.ca
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cemc.uwaterloo.ca
Pascal Contest
(Grade 9)

Calculating devices are allowed, provided that they do not have any of the
following features: (i) internet access, (ii) the ability to communicate with other
devices, (iii) previously stored information such as formulas, programs, notes, etc.,
(iv) a computer algebra system, (v) dynamic geometry software.
Instructions
circles completely.
corner.
year.

1. Which of the following is the smallest number?
(A) 1.4 (B) 1.2 (C) 2.0 (D) 1.5 (E) 2.1
2018 − 18 + 20
2. The value of is
2
(A) 1010 (B) 2020 (C) 1008 (D) 2017 (E) 1011
3. July 3, 2030 is a Wednesday. What day of the week is July 14, 2030?
(A) Wednesday (B) Saturday (C) Sunday
(D) Monday (E) Tuesday
4. An electric car is charged 3 times per week for 52 weeks. The cost to charge the car
each time is $0.78. What is the total cost to charge the car over these 52 weeks?
(A) $104.00 (B) $81.12 (C) $202.80 (D) $162.24 (E) $121.68
5. If 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 7 × 9 = 3 × 3 × 7 × n × n, what is a possible value of n?

(A) 15 (B) 25 (C) 45 (D) 35 (E) 5
6. In the diagram, 18 identical 1 × 2 rectangles are put

together to form a 6 × 6 square. Part of the square is
shaded, as shown. What percentage of the area of the
6 × 6 square is shaded?
(A) 50% (B) 67% (C) 75%
(D) 33% (E) 25%
7. A box contains 5 black ties, 7 gold ties, and 8 pink ties. Stephen randomly chooses a
tie from the box. Each tie is equally likely to be chosen. The probability that Stephen
chooses a pink tie is equivalent to
(A) 14 (B) 207
(C) 25 (D) 35 (E) 34
8. In the diagram, the number line between 0 and 5 is divided into 20 equal parts. The
numbers S and T are marked on the line. What is the value of S + T ?
0 5
S T
(A) 5.25 (B) 5.5 (C) 4.5 (D) 4.75 (E) 5
9. The symbols ♥ and ∇ represent different positive integers less than 20.
If ♥ × ♥ × ♥ = ∇, what is the value of ∇ × ∇?
(A) 12 (B) 16 (C) 36 (D) 64 (E) 81
10. Which of the following points lies on the line that passes through (−2, 1) and (2, 5)?
(A) (0, 0) (B) (0, 2) (C) (0, 3) (D) (0, 4) (E) (0, 5)
11. In the diagram, the circle graph shows how a baby polar
bear spent 24 hours. How many hours did it spend
playing? Sleeping
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 130°
Playing
(D) 9 (E) 10 110°
Eating
12. Glenda, Helga, Ioana, Julia, Karl, and Liu participated in the 2017 Canadian Team
Mathematics Contest. On their team uniforms, each had a different number chosen
from the list 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. Helga’s and Julia’s numbers were even. Karl’s and
Liu’s numbers were prime numbers. Glenda’s number was a perfect square. What
was Ioana’s number?
(A) 11 (B) 13 (C) 14 (D) 15 (E) 12
13. A rectangle with height x and width 2x has the same perimeter as an equilateral
triangle with side length 10. What is the area of the rectangle?
2x
10
(A) 18 (B) 50 (C) 25 (D) 200 (E) 100
14. In the list 7, 9, 10, 11, 18, which number is the average (mean) of the other four
numbers?
(A) 9 (B) 18 (C) 7 (D) 11 (E) 10
15. A digital clock shows the time 4:56. How many minutes will pass until the clock next
shows a time in which all of the digits are consecutive and are in increasing order?
(A) 458 (B) 587 (C) 376 (D) 315 (E) 518
16. Reading from left to right, a sequence consists of 6 X’s, followed by 24 Y’s, followed
by 96 X’s. After the first n letters, reading from left to right, one letter has occurred
twice as many times as the other letter. The sum of the four possible values of n is
(A) 72 (B) 54 (C) 135 (D) 81 (E) 111
17. Suppose that p and q are two different prime numbers and that n = p2 q 2 . The number
of possible values of n with n < 1000 is
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) 8 (E) 7
18. In the diagram, 4P QR has ∠P QR = 120◦ . Also, ∠QP S = ∠RP S and

∠QRS = ∠P RS. (In other words, SP and SR bisect ∠QP R and ∠QRP , respectively.)
What is the measure of ∠P SR?
Q
120°
P R
(A) 130◦ (B) 120◦ (C) 140◦ (D) 160◦ (E) 150◦
19. On Monday, Mukesh travelled x km at a constant speed of 90 km/h. On Tuesday,

he travelled on the same route at a constant speed of 120 km/h. His trip on Tuesday
took 16 minutes less than his trip on Monday. The value of x is
(A) 90 (B) 112 (C) 100 (D) 96 (E) 92
20. In the diagram, P QRST is a pentagon with P Q = 8,

QR = 2, RS = 13, ST = 13, and T P = 8. Also, P 8 Q
∠T P Q = ∠P QR = 90◦ . What is the area of pentagon 2
P QRST ?
8 R
(A) 76 (B) 84 (C) 92
(D) 100 (E) 108
T
13
13

21. A coin travels along a path that starts in an unshaded
square in the top row of the figure, that uses only diagonal
moves, and that ends in an unshaded square in the
bottom row. A diagonal move takes the coin either one
square down and one square left, or one square down and
one square right. How many different paths from the top
row to the bottom row are possible?
(A) 16 (B) 20 (C) 32
(D) 24 (E) 28
22. A Miniou circuit contains nodes and wires and obeys the
following rules: wire node
• Each wire connects two different nodes.
• There is at most one wire between each pair of
nodes.
• Exactly three wires are connected to each node.
An example of a Miniou circuit is shown. If a Miniou
circuit has 13 788 wires, how many nodes does it have?
(A) 9190 (B) 9192 (C) 9188
(D) 9186 (E) 9184
23. In the diagram, two larger circles with radius 1 have centres P and Q. Also, the
smaller circle has diameter P Q. The region inside the two larger circles and outside
the smaller circle is shaded.
P Q
The area of the shaded region is closest to

(A) 0.36 (B) 0.38 (C) 0.40 (D) 0.42 (E) 0.44
24. In Mrs. Warner’s class, there are 30 students. Strangely, 15 of the students have a
height of 1.60 m and 15 of the students have a height of 1.22 m. Mrs. Warner lines up
n students so that the average height of any four consecutive students is greater than
1.50 m and the average height of any seven consecutive students is less than 1.50 m.
What is the largest possible value of n?
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 9 (E) 10
25. P.J. starts with m = 500 and chooses a positive integer n with 1 ≤ n ≤ 499. He
applies the following algorithm to m and n:
• P.J. sets r equal to the remainder when m is divided by n.

• If r = 0, P.J. sets s = 0.
If r > 0, P.J. sets s equal to the remainder when n is divided by r.
• If s = 0, P.J. sets t = 0.
If s > 0, P.J. sets t equal to the remainder when r is divided by s.
For example, when n = 8, P.J. obtains r = 4, s = 0, and t = 0. For how many of

the positive integers n with 1 ≤ n ≤ 499 does P.J.’s algorithm give 1 ≤ r ≤ 15 and
2 ≤ s ≤ 9 and t = 0?
(A) 14 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 15 (E) 13
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2018
cemc.uwaterloo.ca
For students...
CEMC’s Contests.

computer science
For teachers...
cemc.uwaterloo.ca
Pascal Contest
(Grade 9)
Wednesday, March 1, 2017

Calculators are allowed, with the following restriction: you may not use a device
that has internet access, that can communicate with other devices, or that contains
previously stored information. For example, you may not use a smartphone or a
tablet.
Instructions
circles completely.
corner.
year.

4×3
1. The value of is
2+1
(A) 4 (B) 7 (C) 3 (D) 6 (E) 5
2. In the diagram, how many 1 × 1 squares are shaded in

the 6 × 6 grid?
(A) 29 (B) 30 (C) 31
(D) 32 (E) 33
3. In the diagram, the ratio of the number of shaded

triangles to the number of unshaded triangles is
(A) 5 : 2 (B) 5 : 3 (C) 8 : 5
(D) 5 : 8 (E) 2 : 5
4. Which of the following is closest in value to 7?

√ √ √ √ √
(A) 70 (B) 60 (C) 50 (D) 40 (E) 80
5. Kamal turned his computer on at 2 p.m. on Friday. He left his computer on for
exactly 30 consecutive hours. At what time did he turn his computer off?
(A) 4 p.m. on Saturday
(B) 6 p.m. on Saturday
(C) 8 p.m. on Sunday
(D) 6 p.m. on Sunday
(E) 8 p.m. on Saturday
6. At six different times on Canada Day in 2016, the

Attendance at the Pascal Zoo
number of people at the Pascal Zoo were counted. 800
Number of people
The graph to the right shows these results. During

600
which of the following periods did the number of
people at the zoo have the largest increase? 400
(A) 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. 200

(B) 10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. 0
10:00 a.m.
9:00 a.m.
2:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
12:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
(C) 11:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.

(D) 12:00 p.m. to 1:00 p.m.
(E) 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. Time of day
7. If 2x − 3 = 10, what is the value of 4x?
(A) 23 (B) 24 (C) 28 (D) 26 (E) 20
8. Three integers from the list 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20 have a product of 80. What is the sum of
these three integers?
(A) 21 (B) 22 (C) 25 (D) 29 (E) 26
9. Wally makes a whole pizza and shares it with three friends. Jovin takes 31 of the
pizza, Anna takes 16 of the pizza, and Olivia takes 14 of the pizza. What fraction of
the pizza is left for Wally?
1 1 10 1 1
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 13 (D) 12 (E) 3
10. Which of the following expressions is equal to an odd integer for every integer n?
(A) 2017 − 3n (B) 2017 + n (C) 2017n (D) 2017 + n2 (E) 2017 + 2n
11. Jeff and Ursula each run 30 km. Ursula runs at a constant speed of 10 km/h. Jeff
also runs at a constant speed. If Jeff’s time to complete the 30 km is 1 hour less than
Ursula’s time to complete the 30 km, at what speed does Jeff run?
(A) 6 km/h (B) 11 km/h (C) 12 km/h (D) 15 km/h (E) 22.5 km/h
12. A small square is drawn inside a larger square as shown.

The area of the shaded region and the area of the
unshaded region are each 18 cm2 . What is the side length
of the larger square?
(A) 3 cm (B) 4 cm (C) 6 cm
(D) 9 cm (E) 12 cm
13. Janet picked a number, added 7 to the number, multiplied the sum by 2, and then
subtracted 4. If the final result was 28, what number did Janet pick?
(A) 9 (B) 5 (C) 19 (D) 23 (E) 11
14. Tobias downloads m apps. Each app costs $2.00 plus 10% tax. He spends $52.80 in
total on these m apps. What is the value of m?
(A) 20 (B) 22 (C) 18 (D) 24 (E) 26
15. In the diagram, the side lengths of four squares are shown.
The area of the fifth square is k. What is the value of k? 1
(A) 64 (B) 49 (C) 36 3
(D) 25 (E) 16 k
8
4
16. A circular spinner is divided into six regions, as shown.
Four regions each have a central angle of x◦ . The
20°
remaining regions have central angles of 20◦ and 140◦ .
An arrow is attached to the centre of the circle. The x° x°
x° x°
arrow is spun once. What is the probability that the 140°
arrow stops on a shaded region?
2 7 1
(A) 3 (B) 8 (C) 2
5 7
(D) 12 (E) 12
17. Igor is shorter than Jie. Faye is taller than Goa. Jie is taller than Faye. Han is
shorter than Goa. Who is the tallest?
(A) Faye (B) Goa (C) Han (D) Igor (E) Jie
18. Given two different numbers on a number line, the

number to the right is greater than the number to the left. x x3 x2
The positions of x, x3 and x2 are marked on a number
line. Which of the following is a possible value of x?
1 3
(A) 5 (B) 2 (C) − 52
(D) − 43 (E) 2
19. In the diagram, M is the midpoint of Y Z, ∠XM Z = 30◦ ,

and ∠XY Z = 15◦ . The measure of ∠XZY is X
(A) 75◦ (B) 65◦ (C) 60◦
(D) 80◦ (E) 85◦
Y Z
M
20. A solid cube is made of white plastic and has dimensions n × n × n, where n is a
positive integer larger than 1. The six faces of the cube are completely covered with
gold paint. This cube is then cut into n3 cubes, each of which has dimensions 1×1×1.
Each of these 1 × 1 × 1 cubes has 0, 1, 2, or 3 gold faces. The number of 1 × 1 × 1
cubes with 0 gold faces is strictly greater than the number of 1 × 1 × 1 cubes with
exactly 1 gold face. What is the smallest possible value of n?
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10 (E) 4
21. Each of the numbers 1, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 17, 22, 26 is placed in a different circle below.
The numbers 13 and 17 are placed as shown.
13 17
Jen calculates the average of the numbers in the first three circles, the average of
the numbers in the middle three circles, and the average of the numbers in the last
three circles. These three averages are equal. What number is placed in the shaded
circle?
(A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 14
22. In the diagram, U V W X is a rectangle that lies flat on
a horizontal floor. A vertical semi-circular wall with Z
diameter XW is constructed. Point Z is the highest point
on this wall. If U V = 20 and V W = 30, the perimeter of
4U V Z is closest to X W
(A) 95 (B) 86 (C) 102
(D) 83 (E) 92
U V
23. An Anderson number is a positive integer k less than 10 000 with the property that
k 2 ends with the digit or digits of k. For example, 25 is an Anderson number because
625 ends with 25, but 75 is not an Anderson number because 5625 does not end with
75. If S is the sum of all even Anderson numbers, what is the sum of the digits of S?
(A) 17 (B) 18 (C) 11 (D) 33 (E) 24
24. A town has 2017 houses. Of these 2017 houses, 1820 have a dog, 1651 have a cat,
and 1182 have a turtle. If x is the largest possible number of houses that have a dog,
a cat, and a turtle, and y is the smallest possible number of houses that have a dog,
a cat, and a turtle, then x − y is
(A) 1182 (B) 638 (C) 563 (D) 619 (E) 466
25. Sam thinks of a 5-digit number. Sam’s friend Sally tries to guess his number. Sam
writes the number of matching digits beside each of Sally’s guesses. A digit is
considered “matching” when it is the correct digit in the correct position.
Guess Number of Matching Digits

51545 2
21531 1
71794 0
59135 1
58342 2
37348 2
71744 1
What is the sum of all of the possibilities for Sam’s number?

(A) 525 768 (B) 527 658 (C) 527 568 (D) 526 578 (E) 526 758
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2017
cemc.uwaterloo.ca
For students...
CEMC’s Contests.

computer science
For teachers...
cemc.uwaterloo.ca
Pascal Contest
(Grade 9)
Thursday, February 25, 2016

tablet.
Instructions
circles completely.
corner.
10. You may not write more than one of the Pascal, Cayley or Fermat Contest in any given
year.
1. The result of the addition shown is

3 0 0
(A) 15021 (B) 12231 (C) 12051
2 0 2 0
(D) 13231 (E) 12321 + 1 0 0 0 1
2. Which of the following has the largest value?

4
(A) 42 (B) 4 × 2 (C) 4 − 2 (D) (E) 4 + 2
2
3. In the diagram, the 5 × 6 grid is made out of thirty 1 × 1

squares. What is the total length of the six solid line
segments shown?
(A) 6 (B) 12 (C) 16
(D) 18 (E) 20
4. In the diagram, each of the five squares is 1 × 1. What

percentage of the total area of the five squares is shaded?
(A) 25% (B) 30% (C) 35%
(D) 40% (E) 45%
5. Numbers m and n are on the number line, as shown. The

value of n − m is
(A) 66 (B) 35 (C) 55
(D) 60 (E) 54 0 m 30 60 n
p q 4 5
6. If the symbol is defined by p × s − q × r, then the value of is
r s 2 3
(A) −3 (B) −2 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 14
7. Which of the following is equal to 2 m plus 3 cm plus 5 mm?

(A) 2.035 m (B) 2.35 m (C) 2.0305 m (D) 2.53 m (E) 2.053 m
8. If x = 3, y = 2x, and z = 3y, then the average of x, y and z is

(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9 (E) 10
9. A soccer team played three games. Each game ended in a win, loss, or tie. (If a game
finishes with both teams having scored the same number of goals, the game ends in
a tie.) In total, the team scored more goals than were scored against them. Which
of the following combinations of outcomes is not possible for this team?
(A) 2 wins, 0 losses, 1 tie
(B) 1 win, 2 losses, 0 ties
(C) 0 wins, 1 loss, 2 ties
(D) 1 win, 1 loss, 1 tie
(E) 1 win, 0 losses, 2 ties
10. Exactly three faces of a 2×2×2 cube are partially shaded,
as shown. (Each of the three faces not shown in the
diagram is not shaded.) What fraction of the total surface
area of the cube is shaded?
1 1 1
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6
3 2
(D) 8 (E) 3

11. An oblong number is the number of dots in a rectangular grid with one more row
than column. The first four oblong numbers are 2, 6, 12, and 20, and are represented
below:
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
What is the 7th oblong number?

(A) 42 (B) 49 (C) 56 (D) 64 (E) 72
12. In the diagram, the area of square QRST is 36. Also, Q
the length of P Q is one-half of the length of QR. What P R
is the perimeter of rectangle P RSU ?
(A) 24 (B) 30 (C) 90
(D) 45 (E) 48
U T S
13. Multiplying x by 10 gives the same result as adding 20 to x. The value of x is
9
(A) 20 (B) 20
9 (C) 11
20 (D) 20
11 (E) 2
14. In the diagram, P Q is perpendicular to QR, QR is
perpendicular to RS, and RS is perpendicular to ST . P Q
If P Q = 4, QR = 8, RS = 8, and ST = 3, then the
distance from P to T is T
(A) 16 (B) 12 (C) 17
(D) 15 (E) 13 R S
15. When two positive integers p and q are multiplied together, their product is 75. The
sum of all of the possible values of p is
(A) 96 (B) 48 (C) 109 (D) 115 (E) 124
16. An integer from 10 to 99 inclusive is randomly chosen so that each such integer is
equally likely to be chosen. The probability that at least one digit of the chosen
integer is a 6 is
(A) 51 1
(B) 10 (C) 19 (D) 19
90 (E) 1989
17. What is the tens digit of the smallest six-digit positive integer that is divisible by
each of 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15?
(A) 0 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 8 (E) 4
18. Each integer from 1 to 12 is to be placed around the

outside of a circle so that the positive difference between 3
any two integers next to each other is at most 2. The
integers 3, 4, x, and y are placed as shown. What is the
value of x + y?
4
(A) 17 (B) 18 (C) 19
(D) 20 (E) 21
x y
19. Chris received a mark of 50% on a recent test. Chris answered 13 of the first 20
questions correctly. Chris also answered 25% of the remaining questions on the test
correctly. If each question on the test was worth one mark, how many questions in
total were on the test?
(A) 23 (B) 38 (C) 32 (D) 24 (E) 40
20. In the diagram, points Q and R lie on P S and W

∠QW R = 38◦ . If ∠T QP = ∠T QW = x◦ ,
∠V RS = ∠V RW = y ◦ , and U is the point of 38˚
intersection of T Q extended and V R extended, T V
then the measure of ∠QU R is
x˚ y˚
(A) 71◦ (B) 45◦ (C) 76◦ x˚ y˚
P S
Q R
(D) 81◦ (E) 60◦

21. Grid lines drawn on three faces of a rectangular prism, as
shown. A squirrel walks from P to Q along the edges and P
grid lines in such a way that she is always getting closer
to Q and farther away from P . How many different paths
from P to Q can the squirrel take?
(A) 14 (B) 10 (C) 20 Q
(D) 12 (E) 16
22. There are n students in the math club at Scoins Secondary School. When Mrs. Fryer
tries to put the n students in groups of 4, there is one group with fewer than 4 students,
but all of the other groups are complete. When she tries to put the n students in
groups of 3, there are 3 more complete groups than there were with groups of 4, and
there is again exactly one group that is not complete. When she tries to put the
n students in groups of 2, there are 5 more complete groups than there were with
groups of 3, and there is again exactly one group that is not complete. The sum of
the digits of the integer equal to n2 − n is
(A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 20 (D) 13 (E) 10
23. In the diagram, 4P QR is isosceles with P Q = P R = 39

and 4SQR is equilateral with side length 30. The area P
of 4P QS is closest to
(A) 68 (B) 75 (C) 50
(D) 180 (E) 135 S
Q R
24. Ten very small rubber balls begin equally spaced inside a 55 m long tube. They
instantly begin to roll inside the tube at a constant velocity of 1 m/s. When a ball
reaches an end of the tube, it falls out of the tube. When two balls bump into each
other, they both instantly reverse directions but continue to roll at 1 m/s. Five
configurations giving the initial direction of movement of each ball are shown. All
gaps indicated in the diagram are the same length and are equal in length to the
distance from the ends of the tube to the nearest ball. For which configuration will
it take the least time for more than half of the balls to fall out of the tube?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
25. A 0 or 1 is to be placed in each of the nine 1 × 1 squares

in the 3 × 3 grid shown so that each row contains at least
one 0 and at least one 1, and each column contains at
least one 0 and at least one 1. The number of ways in
which this can be done is
(A) 126 (B) 120 (C) 138
(D) 102 (E) 96
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2016
cemc.uwaterloo.ca
For students...
CEMC’s Contests.

computer science
For teachers...
cemc.uwaterloo.ca
Pascal Contest
(Grade 9)

tablet.
Instructions
circles completely.
corner.
10. You may not write more than one of the Pascal, Cayley or Fermat Contest in any given
year.

20 + 15
1. The value of is
30 − 25
(A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 2 (D) 7 (E) 0
2. Which of the following figures is obtained when the shaded

figure shown is reflected about the line segment P Q? P Q
P Q P Q P Q
(A) (B) (C)
P Q
(D) (E)
P Q
3. If 8 + 6 = n + 8, then n equals
(A) 14 (B) 22 (C) 6 (D) −2 (E) 9
4. Which of the following numbers is greater than 0.7?

(A) 0.07 (B) −0.41 (C) 0.8 (D) 0.35 (E) −0.9
3 9
5. The expression 4 + 10 + 1000 is equal to
(A) 4.12 (B) 4.309 (C) 4.039 (D) 4.012 (E) 4.39
6. The average age of Andras, Frances and Gerta is 22 years.

What is Gerta’s age? Name Age (Years)
Andras 23
(A) 19 (B) 20 (C) 21
Frances 24
(D) 22 (E) 23 Gerta ?
7. If n = 7, which of the following expressions is equal to an even integer?

(A) 9n (B) n + 8 (C) n2 (D) n(n − 2) (E) 8n
8. Jitka hiked a trail. After hiking 60% of the length of the trail, she had 8 km left to
go. What is the length of the trail?
(A) 28 km (B) 12.8 km (C) 11.2 km (D) 13 31 km (E) 20 km
9. In the diagram, line segments P Q and RS intersect at T .

The value of x is Q
(A) 30 (B) 20 (C) 40 50˚
(D) 50 (E) 35
S R
x˚ T
110˚
P
p √
10. The value of 16 × 16 is
(A) 21 (B) 22 (C) 23 (D) 24 (E) 25

11. Jim wrote the sequence of symbols ♥ ♠ ♠ ♥ ♦ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♦ a total of 50 times. How many
more ♥ symbols than ♠ symbols did he write?
(A) 50 (B) 150 (C) 200 (D) 250 (E) 275
12. What is the smallest positive integer that is a multiple of each of 3, 5, 7, and 9?
(A) 35 (B) 105 (C) 210 (D) 315 (E) 630
13. Sixteen squares are arranged to form a region, as shown.

Each square has an area of 400 m2 . Anna walks along
the path formed by the outer edges of the region
exactly once. Aaron walks along the path formed
by the inner edges of the region exactly once. In total,
how far did Anna and Aaron walk?
(A) 160 m (B) 240 m (C) 320 m
(D) 400 m (E) 640 m
a b
14. The operation ⊗ is defined by a ⊗ b = + . What is the value of 4 ⊗ 8?
b a
1 5 5
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) 2 (E)
2 4 2
15. At the end of the year 2000, Steve had $100 and Wayne had $10 000. At the end
of each following year, Steve had twice as much money as he did at the end of the
previous year and Wayne had half as much money as he did at the end of the previous
year. At the end of which year did Steve have more money than Wayne for the first
time?
(A) 2002 (B) 2003 (C) 2004 (D) 2005 (E) 2006
16. Anca and Bruce left Mathville at the same time.

They drove along a straight highway towards 200 km
Staton. Bruce drove at 50 km/h. Anca drove
Mathville Staton
at 60 km/h, but stopped along the way to rest.
They both arrived at Staton at the same time.
For how long did Anca stop to rest?
(A) 40 minutes (B) 10 minutes (C) 67 minutes
(D) 33 minutes (E) 27 minutes
17. In the diagram, six identical circles just touch the edges of
rectangle P QRS and each circle just touches the adjacent P Q
T U V
circles. The centres T, V, W, Y of four of these circles form
a smaller rectangle T V W Y , as shown. The centres U and
X lie on this rectangle. If the perimeter of T V W Y is 60,
what is the area of P QRS? Y X W
S R
(A) 600 (B) 900 (C) 400
(D) 1200 (E) 1000
18. In a magic square, the numbers in each row, the numbers
in each column, and the numbers on each diagonal have a 13 b
the same sum. In the magic square shown, the sum
19 c 11
a + b + c equals
(A) 49 (B) 54 (C) 47 12 d 16
(D) 50 (E) 46
19. Krystyna has some raisins. She gives one-third of her raisins to Mike. She then eats
4 raisins, after which she gives one-half of her remaining raisins to Anna. If Krystyna
then has 16 raisins left, how many raisins did she have to begin?
(A) 42 (B) 54 (C) 60 (D) 84 (E) 108
20. André has an unlimited supply of $1 coins, $2 coins, and $5 bills. Using only these
coins and bills and not necessarily using some of each kind, in how many different
ways can he form exactly $10?
(A) 10 (B) 9 (C) 8 (D) 7 (E) 6
21. Each diagram shows a triangle, labelled with its area.
y y y
(1, 4) (4, 4)
(0, 4)
(4, 3)
Area = p
Area = m Area = n
(4, 1) (0, 1)
x x x
(0, 0) (0, 0) (3, 0) (0, 0) (2, 0)
What is the correct ordering of the areas of these triangles?

(A) m < n < p (B) p < n < m (C) n < m < p
(D) n < p < m (E) p < m < n
22. The chart shown gives the cost of installing carpet in four rectangular rooms of various
sizes. The cost per square metre of installing carpet is always the same.
Width (metres)
10 y
Length (metres) 15 $397.50 $675.75
x $742.00 $z
What is the value of z?

(A) 331.25 (B) 463.75 (C) 1815.25 (D) 476.00 (E) 1261.40
23. How many triples (a, b, c) of positive integers satisfy the conditions 6ab = c2 and
a < b < c ≤ 35?
(A) 10 (B) 8 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 9
24. Paula, Quinn, Rufus, and Sarah are suspects in a crime. The police found links
between exactly four pairs of suspects: Paula and Quinn, Quinn and Rufus, Rufus
and Paula, and Quinn and Sarah. These links can be shown in a diagram by drawing
a point to represent each suspect and a line or curve joining two points whenever the
two corresponding suspects are linked. An example of a drawing that represents this
information is:
P R
Ali, Bob, Cai, Dee, Eve, and Fay are suspects in a second crime. The police found
links between exactly eight pairs of suspects: Ali and Bob, Bob and Cai, Cai and
Dee, Dee and Eve, Eve and Fay, Fay and Ali, Ali and Dee, and Bob and Eve. For
how many of the following drawings can the six dots be labelled with the names of
the six suspects so that each of the eight links given is represented by a line or curve
in that drawing?
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 3 (E) 5
25. The first four rows of a table with columns V , W , X,

Y , and Z are shown. For each row, whenever integer V W X Y Z
n appears in column V , column W contains the integer 1 3 4 6 8
2n + 1, column X contains 3n + 1, column Y contains 2 5 7 11 15
5n+1, and column Z contains 7n+1. For every row after 9 19 28 46 64
the first, the number in column V is the smallest positive 10 21 31 51 71
integer that does not yet appear in any previous row. The
integer 2731 appears in column W . The complete list of
columns in which 2731 appears is
(A) W
(B) W , X, Y , and Z
(C) W , X and Z
(D) W , Y and Z
(E) W and Z
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2015
cemc.uwaterloo.ca
For students...
CEMC’s Contests.
Encourage your teacher to register you for the Fryer Contest

which will be written in April.

computer science
For teachers...
cemc.uwaterloo.ca
Pascal Contest
(Grade 9)
Friday, February 21, 2014

Calculators are permitted
Instructions
circles completely.
corner.
5. Be certain that you code your name, age, sex, grade, and the Contest you are
writing in the response form. Only those who do so can be counted as eligible
students.
published on our website, http://www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca. In addition, the name, grade, school
and location, and score of some top-scoring students may be shared with other mathematical
organizations for other recognition opportunities.
1. The value of (8 × 6) − (4 ÷ 2) is
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 46 (D) 32 (E) 22
2. In the diagram, what is the value of x?

(A) 65 (B) 75 (C) 85 x˚
(D) 95 (E) 105
50˚ 45˚
3. 30% of 200 equals

(A) 0.06 (B) 0.6 (C) 6 (D) 60 (E) 600
4. If x = 3, what is the perimeter of the figure shown?

x
(A) 23 (B) 20 (C) 21
(D) 22 (E) 19 x+1 6
10
5. A sports team earns 2 points for each win, 0 points for each loss, and 1 point for each
tie. How many points does the team earn for 9 wins, 3 losses and 4 ties?
(A) 26 (B) 16 (C) 19 (D) 21 (E) 22
6. At 2 p.m., Sanjay measures the temperature

to be 3◦ C. He measures the temperature Temperature in Waterloo
every hour after this until 10 p.m. He plots 10
Temperature ( ˚C)
the temperatures that he measures on the 8

graph shown. At what time after 2 p.m. does 6
he again measure a temperature of 3◦ C? 4
(A) 9 p.m. (B) 5 p.m. (C) 8 p.m. 2
(D) 10 p.m. (E) 7 p.m. 0
2 4 6 8 10
Time of day (p.m.)
7. If 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 6 = 5 × 6 × n × n, then n could equal
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) 6
8. In the diagram, a figure is formed dividing a square into
eight identical pieces using its two diagonals and the two
lines joining the midpoints of opposite sides, and then
drawing a circle in the square as shown. This figure is
reflected in line L. Which of the following shows the final
position of the figure? L
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
L L L L L
9. The value of 24 − 23 is
(A) 01 (B) 21 (C) 22 (D) 23 (E) 11
3 4
10. What number should go in the to make the equation + = 1 true?
4
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 13 (E) 16
11. Two cubes are stacked as shown. The faces of each cube
are labelled with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 dots. A total of five
faces are shown. What is the total number of dots on the
other seven faces of these two cubes?
(A) 13 (B) 14 (C) 18
(D) 21 (E) 24
12. Strips are made up of identical copies of . Each has length 32 . Which strip
has length 4?
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
13. In the subtraction shown, X and Y are digits. What is

the value of X + Y ? 1 X 2
− 8 Y
(A) 15 (B) 12 (C) 10
4 5
(D) 13 (E) 9
14. If x = 2y and y 6= 0, then (x + 2y) − (2x + y) equals

(A) −2y (B) −y (C) 0 (D) y (E) 2y
15. In 4P QR, ∠RP Q = 90◦ and S is on P Q. If R
SQ = 14, SP = 18, and SR = 30, then the area
of 4QRS is
(A) 84 (B) 168 (C) 210
(D) 336 (E) 384 30
P 18 S 14 Q
16. In the 4 × 4 grid shown, each of the four symbols has a

different value. The sum of the values of the symbols in ♥ 4 4 ♥ 26
each row is given to the right of that row. What is the 4 4 4 4 24
value of ? ♥ 27
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 ♥ 4 33
(D) 8 (E) 9
17. A cube has an edge length of 30. A rectangular solid has

edge lengths 20, 30 and L. If the cube and the rectangular
30
solid have equal surface areas, what is the value of L?
(A) 15 (B) 21 (C) 42
(D) 40 (E) 96
30
20
L
18. How many pairs of positive integers (x, y) have the property that the ratio x : 4 equals
the ratio 9 : y?
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9 (E) 10
19. On each spin of the spinner shown, the arrow is equally
likely to stop on any one of the four numbers. Deanna
spins the arrow on the spinner twice. She multiplies 4 1
together the two numbers on which the arrow stops.
3 2
Which product is most likely to occur?
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6
(D) 8 (E) 12
20. In the diagram, line segment P S has length 4.
Points Q and R are on line segment P S. Four
P Q R S
semi-circles are drawn on the same side of P S.
The diameters of these semi-circles are P S, P Q,
QR, and RS. The region inside the largest semi-
circle and outside the three smaller semi-circles
is shaded. What is the area of a square whose
perimeter equals the perimeter of the shaded
region?
(A) 4 (B) π (C) π 2
π2
(D) 2π 2 (E)
4
21. Twenty-four identical 1 × 1 squares form a 4 × 6 R

rectangle, as shown. A lattice point is a point
where a horizontal grid line intersects a vertical grid
line. A diagonal of this rectangle passes through Q
the three lattice points P , Q and R. When a
30×45 rectangle is constructed using identical 1×1
squares, how many lattice points will a diagonal of
P
this rectangle pass through?
(A) 19 (B) 16 (C) 15
(D) 18 (E) 12
22. A rectangular flag is divided into four triangles,

labelled Left, Right, Top, and Bottom, as shown.
Each triangle is to be coloured one of red, white, Top
blue, green, and purple so that no two triangles Left Right
that share an edge are the same colour. How many
different flags can be made? Bottom
(A) 180 (B) 200 (C) 220
(D) 240 (E) 260
23. In the diagram, the shape consists of 48 identical cubes

√
with edge length n. Entire faces of the cubes are
attached to one another, as shown. What is the smallest
positive integer n so that the distance from P to Q is an Q
integer?
(A) 17 (B) 68 (C) 7
(D) 28 (E) 3 P
24. Nadia walks along a straight path that goes directly from her house (N ) to her
Grandmother’s house (G). Some of this path is on flat ground, and some is downhill
or uphill. Nadia walks on flat ground at 5 km/h, walks uphill at 4 km/h, and walks
downhill at 6 km/h. It takes Nadia 1 hour and 36 minutes to walk from N to G and
1 hour and 39 minutes to walk from G to N . If 2.5 km of the path between N and
G is on flat ground, the total distance from N to G is closest to
(A) 8.0 km (B) 8.2 km (C) 8.1 km (D) 8.3 km (E) 7.9 km
2009 2019 a a
25. Suppose that + = , where a, b and n are positive integers with in
2014 n b b
lowest terms. What is the sum of the digits of the smallest positive integer n for
which a is a multiple of 1004?
(A) 16 (B) 17 (C) 14 (D) 20 (E) 21
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2014
cemc.uwaterloo.ca
For students...
Thank you for writing the 2014 Pascal Contest!
In 2013, more than 65 000 students around the world registered to
write the Pascal, Cayley and Fermat Contests.

Visit our website to find

• Workshops to help you prepare for future contests
• Information about our publications for mathematics enrichment
and contest preparation
For teachers...
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• Learn about our face-to-face workshops and our resources
• Find your school contest results
cemc.uwaterloo.ca
Pascal Contest
(Grade 9)

Instructions
circles completely.
corner.
students.
published on our website, http://www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca. In addition, the name, grade, school
and location, and score of some top-scoring students may be shared with other mathematical
organizations for other recognition opportunities.
1. The value of (4 + 44 + 444) ÷ 4 is

(A) 111 (B) 123 (C) 459 (D) 489 (E) 456
2. Jing purchased eight identical items. If the total cost was $26, then the cost per item,
in dollars, was
(A) 26 ÷ 8 (B) 8 ÷ 26 (C) 26 − 8 (D) 8 × 26 (E) 8 + 26
3. The diagram shows a square divided into eight pieces.

Which shape is not one of those pieces?
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
4. The graph shows the mass, in kilograms, of Jeff’s pet Atlantic cod, given its age in
years. What is the age of the cod when its mass is 15 kg?
Mass of Jeff s Pet Atlantic Cod
20
Mass in kg
10
0
0 2 4 6 8
Age in Years
(A) 3 (B) 7 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 5
5. What is the value of 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 ?

(A) 101 (B) 103 (C) 102 (D) 105 (E) 104
6. Erin walks 53 of the way home in 30 minutes. If she continues to walk at the same
rate, how many minutes will it take her to walk the rest of the way home?
(A) 24 (B) 20 (C) 6 (D) 18 (E) 12
√ √ √ √
7. The expression ( 100 + 9) × ( 100 − 9) is equal to
(A) 91 (B) 19 (C) 9991 (D) 9919 (E) 10 991
8. In the diagram, rectangle P QRS has P S = 6 and
SR = 3. Point U is on QR with QU = 2. Point T is 6
on P S with ∠T UR = 90◦ . What is the length of T R? P T S
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5
(D) 6 (E) 7
3
Q 2 U R
9. Owen spends $1.20 per litre on gasoline. He uses an average of 1 L of gasoline to

drive 12.5 km. How much will Owen spend on gasoline to drive 50 km?
(A) $4.80 (B) $1.50 (C) $4.50 (D) $6.00 (E) $7.50
10. The time on a cell phone is 3:52. How many minutes will pass before the phone next
shows a time using each of the digits 2, 3 and 5 exactly once?
(A) 27 (B) 59 (C) 77 (D) 91 (E) 171
11. The same sequence of four symbols repeats to form the following pattern:
♥ ♣ ♠ ♥ ♥ ♣ ♠ ♥ ♥ ♣ ♠ ♥ ...
How many times does the symbol ♥ occur within the first 53 symbols of the pattern?
(A) 25 (B) 26 (C) 27 (D) 28 (E) 29
12. If x = 11, y = −8, and 2x − 3z = 5y, what is the value of z?

62
(A) −6 (B) 13 (C) 54 (D) 3 (E) − 71
3
13. Which number from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11} must be removed so that the
mean (average) of the numbers remaining in the set is 6.1?
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8
R
14. In the diagram, P QR is a straight line segment and
QS = QT . Also, ∠P QS = x◦ and ∠T QR = 3x◦ . If Q
∠QT S = 76◦ , the value of x is 3x
x
(A) 28 (B) 38 (C) 26 P
(D) 152 (E) 45
S T
15. If 4n = 642 , then n equals

(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) 12
16. An integer x is chosen so that 3x + 1 is an even integer. Which of the following must
be an odd integer?
(A) x + 3 (B) x − 3 (C) 2x (D) 7x + 4 (E) 5x + 3
17. The graph shows styles of music on a playlist.

Country music songs are added to the playlist
so that now 40% of the songs are Country.
35%
If the ratio of Hip Hop songs to Pop songs
remains the same, what percentage of the
total number of songs are now Hip Hop?
(A) 7 (B) 15 (C) 21 65%
Pop
(D) 35 (E) 39 Hip Hop
18. In the diagram, P QRS is a square with side length 2.

Each of P , Q, R, and S is the centre of a circle with
radius 1. What is the area of the shaded region? P Q
(A) 16 − π2 (B) 16 − 4π (C) 4 − 4π
(D) 4 − 4π 2 (E) 4 − π
S R
19. The rectangular flag shown is divided into seven

stripes of equal height. The height of the flag is h
and the length of the flag is twice its height. The
total area of the four shaded regions is 1400 cm2 . h
What is the height of the flag?
(A) 70 cm (B) 200 cm (C) 35 cm
2h
(D) 1225 cm (E) 14 cm
20. Sam rolls a fair four-sided die containing the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4. Tyler rolls a
fair six-sided die containing the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. What is the probability
that Sam rolls a larger number than Tyler?
1 5 3 3 1
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 5 (D) 4 (E) 4
21. The integer 636 405 may be written as the product of three 2-digit positive integers.
The sum of these three integers is
(A) 259 (B) 132 (C) 74 (D) 140 (E) 192
22. A water tower in the shape of a cylinder has radius 10 m

and height 30 m. A spiral staircase, with constant slope, 10 m
circles once around the outside of the water tower. A
vertical ladder of height 5 m then extends to the top of 5m
the tower. Which of the following is closest to the total
distance along the staircase and up the ladder to the top 30 m
of the tower?
(A) 72.6 m (B) 320.2 m (C) 74.6 m
(D) 67.6 m (E) 45.1 m
23. Joshua chooses five distinct numbers. In how many different ways can he assign these
numbers to the variables p, q, r, s, and t so that p < s, q < s, r < t, and s < t?
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) 15
24. Pascal High School organized three different trips. Fifty percent of the students went
on the first trip, 80% went on the second trip, and 90% went on the third trip. A
total of 160 students went on all three trips, and all of the other students went on
exactly two trips. How many students are at Pascal High School?
(A) 1400 (B) 600 (C) 1200 (D) 800 (E) 1600
25. The GEB sequence 1, 3, 7, 12, . . . is defined by the following properties:

(i) the GEB sequence is increasing (that is, each term is larger than the previous
term),
(ii) the sequence formed using the differences between each pair of consecutive terms
in the GEB sequence (namely, the sequence 2, 4, 5, . . .) is increasing, and
(iii) each positive integer that does not occur in the GEB sequence occurs exactly
once in the sequence of differences in (ii).
What is the 100th term of the GEB sequence?
(A) 5751 (B) 5724 (C) 5711 (D) 5777 (E) 5764
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2013
cemc.uwaterloo.ca
For students...


For teachers...
www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca
Pascal Contest
(Grade 9)

Instructions
circles completely.
4. On your response form, print your school name and city/town in the box in the upper left
corner.
students.
The names of some top-scoring students will be published in the PCF Results on our Web site,
http://www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca.

1 + (3 × 5)
1. The value of is
2
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) 16
2. The circle graph shows the results of asking Choice of Food

200 students to choose pizza, Thai food, or
Greek food. How many students chose Greek Pizza
10%
food?
Thai
(A) 20 (B) 40 (C) 60 40%
(D) 80 (E) 100 Greek
50%
3. Which of the following is not equal to a whole number?

60 60 60 60 60
(A) 12 (B) 8 (C) 5 (D) 4 (E) 3
4. If 7:30 a.m. was 16 minutes ago, in how many minutes will it be 8:00 a.m.?
(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 16 (D) 24 (E) 46
5. The expression 8 × 105 + 4 × 103 + 9 × 10 + 5 is equal to

(A) 804 095 (B) 804 905 (C) 804 950 (D) 840 095 (E) 840 950
6. What is the difference between the largest and smallest of the numbers in the list
0.023, 0.302, 0.203, 0.320, 0.032?
(A) 0.090 (B) 0.270 (C) 0.343 (D) 0.288 (E) 0.297
7. Anna walked at a constant rate. The graph Distance-Time Graph

shows that she walked 600 metres in 4 minutes.
If she continued walking at the same rate, how 1000
far did she walk in 6 minutes?
(A) 700 m (B) 750 m (C) 800 m 800
Distance (metres)
(D) 900 m (E) 1000 m

600
400
200
0 2 4 6 8
Time (minutes)
P Q
8. According to the ruler shown, what is the
length of P Q?
1 2 3
(A) 2.25 (B) 2.5 (C) 2.0
(D) 1.5 (E) 1.75
9. If y = 1 and 4x − 2y + 3 = 3x + 3y, what is the value of x?
(A) −2 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 4 (E) 8
10. At the Lacsap Hospital, Emily is a doctor and Robert is a nurse. Not including Emily,
there are five doctors and three nurses at the hospital. Not including Robert, there
are d doctors and n nurses at the hospital. The product of d and n is
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 15 (D) 16 (E) 20
11. Points with coordinates (1, 1), (5, 1) and (1, 7) are three
vertices of a rectangle. What are the coordinates of the y
fourth vertex of the rectangle?
(A) (1, 5) (B) (5, 5) (C) (5, 7) (1, 7)
(D) (7, 1) (E) (7, 5)
(1, 1) (5, 1)
x
12. Seven students shared the cost of a $26.00 pizza. Each student paid either $3.71 or
$3.72. How many students paid $3.72?
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 4 (E) 2
13. The operation ∇ is defined by g∇h = g 2 − h2 . For example, 2∇1 = 22 − 12 = 3.

If g > 0 and g∇6 = 45, the value of g is
(A) 39 (B) 6 (C) 81 (D) 3 (E) 9
14. In the diagram, the horizontal distance between adjacent

dots in the same row is 1. Also, the vertical distance P Q
between adjacent dots in the same column is 1. What is S
the perimeter of quadrilateral P QRS?
(A) 12 (B) 13 (C) 14
(D) 15 (E) 16 1
R
1
15. A hockey team has 6 more red helmets than blue helmets. The ratio of red helmets
to blue helmets is 5 : 3. The total number of red helmets and blue helmets is
(A) 16 (B) 18 (C) 24 (D) 30 (E) 32
16. The diagram shows a square quilt that is made up of
identical squares and two sizes of right-angled isosceles
triangles. What percentage of the quilt is shaded?
(A) 36% (B) 40% (C) 44%
(D) 48% (E) 50%
17. In the diagram, points R and S lie on QT . Also, P

∠P T Q = 62◦ , ∠RP S = 34◦ , and ∠QP R = x◦ . What
is the value of x?
34
(A) 11 (B) 28 (C) 17 x
(D) 31 (E) 34
62
Q R S T
18. The entire exterior of a solid 6 × 6 × 3 rectangular prism is painted. Then, the prism
is cut into 1 × 1 × 1 cubes. How many of these cubes have no painted faces?
(A) 16 (B) 32 (C) 36 (D) 50 (E) 54
19. In the diagram, rectangle P RT V is divided into four P Q R

rectangles. The area of rectangle P QXW is 9. The area
of rectangle QRSX is 10. The area of rectangle XST U X
is 15. What is the area of rectangle W XU V ? W S
27
(A) 6 (B) 2 (C) 14
50 95
(D) 3 (E) 2
V U T
20. When the three-digit positive integer N is divided by 10, 11 or 12, the remainder is 7.
What is the sum of the digits of N ?
(A) 15 (B) 17 (C) 23 (D) 11 (E) 19
21. A string has been cut into 4 pieces, all of different lengths. The length of each piece
is 2 times the length of the next smaller piece. What fraction of the original string is
the longest piece?
8 2 1 6 1
(A) 15 (B) 5 (C) 2 (D) 13 (E) 4
22. Two circles with equal radii intersect as shown. The area
of the shaded region equals the sum of the areas of the
two unshaded regions. If the area of the shaded region is
216π, what is the circumference of each circle?
(A) 18π (B) 27π (C) 36π
(D) 108π (E) 324π
23. Mike has two containers. One container is a

rectangular prism with width 2 cm, length 4 cm,
and height 10 cm. The other is a right cylinder
with radius 1 cm and height 10 cm. Both
containers sit on a flat surface. Water has been
poured into the two containers so that the height
of the water in both containers is the same. If
the combined volume of the water in the two 4 cm
containers is 80 cm3 , then the height of the water 2 cm
in each container is closest to
(A) 6.8 cm (B) 7.2 cm (C) 7.8 cm
(D) 8.2 cm (E) 8.6 cm
24. The smallest of nine consecutive integers is 2012.

u
These nine integers are placed in the circles to the
right. The sum of the three integers along each of
the four lines is the same. If this sum is as small
as possible, what is the value of u?
(A) 2012 (B) 2013 (C) 2014
(D) 2015 (E) 2016
25. There are four people in a room.

For every two people, there is a 50% chance that they are friends.
Two people are connected if:
• they are friends, or
• a third person is friends with both of them, or
• they have different friends who are friends of each other.
What is the probability that every pair of people in this room is connected?
18 20 22 19 21
(A) 32 (B) 32 (C) 32 (D) 32 (E) 32
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2012
For students...


For teachers...
Pascal Contest
(Grade 9)
Time: 60 minutes ©2010 Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing

Instructions
circles completely.
4. On your response form, print your school name, city/town, and province in the box in the
upper left corner.
writing in the response form. Only those who do so can be counted as official
contestants.
1. What is the value of 6 × (5 − 2) + 4?

(A) 18 (B) 22 (C) 24 (D) 32 (E) 42
2. Nine hundred forty-three minus eighty-seven equals

(A) −1030 (B) −856 (C) 770 (D) 1030 (E) 856
3. Which list of numbers is written in increasing order?

√
(A) 2011, 2011,√20112
(B) 2011,
√ 20112 , 2011
(C) √2011, 2011, 20112
(D) 2011,√20112 , 2011
(E) 20112 , 2011, 2011
4. The graph shows the nutritional contents of a Pascal

Burger. Which ratio compares the mass of fats to the Nutritional Contents
48
mass of carbohydrates?
40
Carbohydrates
(A) 3 : 2 (B) 2 : 3 (C) 2 : 1 Mass 32
(g) 24
(D) 4 : 3 (E) 3 : 4
Proteins
16
Fats
8
Nutrient
5. When x = −2, the value of (x + 1)3 is

(A) −1 (B) −8 (C) −5 (D) 1 (E) −3
6. Peyton puts 30 L of oil and 15 L of vinegar into a large empty can. He then adds
15 L of oil to create a new mixture. What percentage of the new mixture is oil?
(A) 75 (B) 25 (C) 45 (D) 50 (E) 60
7. Three 1 by 1 by 1 cubes are joined side by side, as shown.

What is the surface area of the resulting prism?
(A) 13 (B) 14 (C) 15
(D) 16 (E) 17
8. The 17th day of a month is Saturday. The first day of that month was
(A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Thursday (E) Friday
P 2 Q
9. Two rectangles P QU V and W ST V overlap as shown.
What is the area of P QRST V ?
(A) 35 (B) 24 (C) 25
7
(D) 17 (E) 23 W R S
V U T
5
10. John lists the integers from 1 to 20 in increasing order. He then erases the first half
of the integers in the list and rewrites them in order at the end of the second half of
the list. Which integer in the new list has exactly 12 integers to its left?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 12 (E) 13
11. Which of the following numbers is closest to 1?

11 111 1111
(A) 10 (B) 100 (C) 1.101 (D) 1000 (E) 1.011
17 35
12. The number of odd integers between 4 and 2 is
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8
13. The first four terms of a sequence are 1, 4, 2, and 3. Beginning with the fifth term
in the sequence, each term is the sum of the previous four terms. Therefore, the fifth
term is 10. What is the eighth term?
(A) 66 (B) 65 (C) 69 (D) 134 (E) 129
14. In the diagram, a garden is enclosed by six straight fences.

If the area of the garden is 97 m2 , what is the length of
the fence around the garden?
(A) 48 m (B) 47 m (C) 40 m
(D) 38 m (E) 37 m
2m
8m
15. Six friends ate at a restaurant and agreed to share the bill equally. Because Luxmi
forgot her money, each of her five friends paid an extra $3 to cover her portion of the
total bill. What was the total bill?
(A) $90 (B) $84 (C) $75 (D) $108 (E) $60
16. The set S = {1, 2, 3, . . . , 49, 50} contains the first 50 positive integers. After the
multiples of 2 and the multiples of 3 are removed, how many integers remain in the
set S?
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 16 (D) 17 (E) 18
17. In the subtraction shown, K, L, M , and N are digits.
What is the value of K + L + M + N ? 6 K 0 L
− M 9 N 4
(A) 17 (B) 18 (C) 19
2 0 1 1
(D) 23 (E) 27
18. On the number line, points M and N divide LP into

three equal parts. What is the value at M ? L M N P
1 1 1 1 1
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 12 6
1 1
(D) 10 (E) 11
19. Two circles are centred at the origin, as shown. The point
P (8, 6) is on the larger circle and the point S(0, k) is on y
the smaller circle. If QR = 3, what is the value of k?
(A) 3.5 (B) 4 (C) 6 S (0, k)
P (8, 6)
(D) 6.5 (E) 7
O Q R
x
20. In the diagram, P R, P S, QS, QT , and RT are straight

line segments. QT intersects P R and P S at U and V , Q
respectively. If P U = P V , ∠U P V = 24◦ , ∠P SQ = x◦ ,
y
and ∠T QS = y ◦ , what is the value of x + y?
P U
(A) 48 (B) 66 (C) 72 24 R
(D) 78 (E) 156
V
T
x
21. In the diagram, there are 26 levels, labelled

A, B, C, . . . , Z. There is one dot on level A. Each A
of levels B, D, F, H, J, . . ., and Z contains twice as many
dots as the level immediately above. Each of levels B
C, E, G, I, K, . . ., and Y contains the same number of
C
dots as the level immediately above. How many dots
does level Z contain? D
(A) 1024 (B) 2048 (C) 4096 E
...
(D) 8192 (E) 16 384

22. Each of the integers 1 to 7 is to be written, one in each
circle in the diagram. The sum of the three integers in
any straight line is to be the same. In how many different
ways can the centre circle be filled?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3
(D) 4 (E) 5
23. An ordered list of four numbers is called a quadruple.

A quadruple (p, q, r, s) of integers with p, q, r, s ≥ 0 is chosen at random such that
2p + q + r + s = 4
What is the probability that p + q + r + s = 3?

3 3 3 6 2
(A) 22 (B) 11 (C) 19 (D) 19 (E) 7
24. Let n be the largest integer for which 14n has exactly 100 digits. Counting from right
to left, what is the 68th digit of n?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) 8
25. Dolly, Molly and Polly each can walk at 6 km/h. Their one motorcycle, which travels
at 90 km/h, can accommodate at most two of them at once (and cannot drive by
itself!). Let t hours be the time taken for all three of them to reach a point 135 km
away. Ignoring the time required to start, stop or change directions, what is true
about the smallest possible value of t?
(A) t < 3.9 (B) 3.9 ≤ t < 4.1 (C) 4.1 ≤ t < 4.3
(D) 4.3 ≤ t < 4.5 (E) t ≥ 4.5
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2011
For students...

which will be written on April 13, 2011.

For teachers...
which will be written on April 13, 2011
Canadian
Mathematics
Competition
An activity of the Centre for Education
in Mathematics and Computing,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
Pascal Contest (Grade 9)


Instructions
circles completely.
upper left corner.
contestants.
1. Which of the following is closest in value to $1.00?

(A) $0.50 (B) $0.90 (C) $0.95 (D) $1.01 (E) $1.15
(20 − 16) × (12 + 8)

2. The value of is
4
(A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 20 (D) 44 (E) 56
3. To make pizza dough, Luca mixes 50 mL of milk for every 250 mL of flour. How
much milk does he mix with 750 mL of flour?
(A) 100 mL (B) 125 mL (C) 150 mL (D) 200 mL (E) 250 mL
4. One of the following 8 figures is randomly chosen. What is the probability that the
chosen figure is a triangle?
3 3 1 1 1
(A) 8 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 2 (E) 3
1 1 1
5. If + = , then the number that replaces the to make the equation true is
9 18
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 9 (E) 18
6. Squares of side length 1 are arranged to form the figure

shown. What is the perimeter of the figure?
(A) 12 (B) 16 (C) 20
(D) 24 (E) 26
√
7. The value of 33 + 33 + 33 is
(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) 27 (D) 81 (E) 243
8. In the diagram, the points are equally spaced on the

number line. What number is represented by point P ?
(A) 7.48 (B) 7.49 (C) 7.50
7.46
7.62
(D) 7.51 (E) 7.52

P
9. The nine interior intersection points on a 4 by 4 grid of

squares are shown. How many interior intersection points
are there on a 12 by 12 grid of squares?
(A) 100 (B) 121 (C) 132
(D) 144 (E) 169
10. The diagram shows a circle graph which shows the Hours of homework per day
amount of homework done each day by Mr. Auckland’s
Grade 9 class. Based on the circle graph, what percentage More than 2
of students do at least one hour of homework per day? Less
(A) 25% (B) 33% (C) 50% than 1
(D) 67% (E) 75% 1 to 2
11. Several three-legged tables and four-legged tables have a total of 23 legs. If there is
more than one table of each type, what is the number of three-legged tables?
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5
12. Twelve 1 by 1 squares form a rectangle, as shown. What

is the total area of the shaded regions?
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10
(D) 11 (E) 12
13. There are 400 students at Cayley H.S., where the ratio of boys to girls is 3 : 2. There
are 600 students at Fermat C.I., where the ratio of boys to girls is 2 : 3. When
considering all the students from both schools, what is the ratio of boys to girls?
(A) 2 : 3 (B) 12 : 13 (C) 1 : 1 (D) 6 : 5 (E) 3 : 2
14. The numbered net shown is folded to form a cube. What

is the product of the numbers on the four faces sharing 1
an edge with the face numbered 1? 3 2
(A) 120 (B) 144 (C) 180 5
4
(D) 240 (E) 360 6
15. If 10% of s is t, then s equals

(A) 0.1t (B) 0.9t (C) 9t (D) 10t (E) 90t
16. Four identical squares are cut from the corners of the
rectangular sheet of cardboard shown. This sheet is then
folded along the dotted lines and taped to make a box
5 cm
4 cm
with an open top. The base of the box measures 5 cm by

4 cm. The volume of the box is 60 cm3 . What was the
area of the original sheet of cardboard?
(A) 56 cm2 (B) 110 cm2 (C) 156 cm2
(D) 180 cm2 (E) 210 cm2
17. In the diagram, P W is parallel to QX, S and T lie on
QX, and U and V are the points of intersection of P W R
with SR and T R, respectively. If ∠SU V = 120◦ and
∠V T X = 112◦ , what is the measure of ∠U RV ?
(A) 52◦ (B) 56◦ (C) 60◦ U V
P W
(D) 64◦ (E) 68◦
S T
Q X
18. The gas tank in Catherine’s car is 81 full. When 30 litres of gas are added, the tank
becomes 34 full. If the gas costs Catherine $1.38 per litre, how much will it cost her
to fill the remaining quarter of the tank?
(A) $8.80 (B) $13.80 (C) $16.56 (D) $24.84 (E) $41.40
19. In the diagram, points U , V , W , X, Y , and Z lie on a

straight line with U V = V W = W X = XY = Y Z = 5.
Semicircles with diameters U Z, U V , V W , W X, XY ,
and Y Z create the shape shown. What is the area of the
shaded region?
325π 375π 325π U Z
(A) 4 (B) 4 (C) 2 V W X Y
625π 625π
(D) 4 (E) 2
20. The odd integers from 5 to 21 are used to build a 3 by 3

magic square. (In a magic square, the numbers in each 5
row, the numbers in each column, and the numbers on
each diagonal have the same sum.) If 5, 9 and 17 are 9 17
placed as shown, what is the value of x?
x
(A) 7 (B) 11 (C) 13
(D) 15 (E) 19
21. In the diagram, each of the five boxes is to contain a

number. Each number in a shaded box must be the 8 26 x
average of the number in the box to the left of it and
the number in the box to the right of it. What is the
value of x?
(A) 28 (B) 30 (C) 31
(D) 32 (E) 34
22. Rhombus P QRS is inscribed in rectangle JKLM , as
shown. (A rhombus is a quadrilateral with four equal J P
K
side lengths.) Segments P Z and XR are parallel to
JM . Segments QW and Y S are parallel to JK. If X
W Q
JP = 39, JS = 52, and KQ = 25, what is the perimeter
of rectangle W XY Z?
(A) 48 (B) 58 (C) 84 S Y
Z
(D) 96 (E) 108
M R L
23. The product of N consecutive four-digit positive integers is divisible by 20102 . What
is the least possible value of N ?
(A) 5 (B) 12 (C) 10 (D) 6 (E) 7
24. A sequence consists of 2010 terms. Each term after the first is 1 larger than the
previous term. The sum of the 2010 terms is 5307. When every second term is added
up, starting with the first term and ending with the second last term, the sum is
(A) 2155 (B) 2153 (C) 2151 (D) 2149 (E) 2147
25. Six soccer teams are competing in a tournament in Waterloo. Every team is to play
three games, each against a different team. (Note that not every pair of teams plays
a game together.) Judene is in charge of pairing up the teams to create a schedule
of games that will be played. Ignoring the order and times of the games, how many
different schedules are possible?
(A) 90 (B) 100 (C) 80 (D) 60 (E) 70
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2010
The CENTRE for EDUCATION in
MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING
For students...
In 2009, more than 84 000 students around the world
registered to write the Pascal, Cayley and Fermat Contests.
Check out the CEMC’s group on Facebook, called “Who is

The Mathiest?”.
Encourage your teacher to register you for the Fryer

Contest which will be written on April 9, 2010.
Visit our website
to find
• Information about our publications for mathematics
enrichment and contest preparation
For teachers...
Visit our website
to
• Register your students for the Fryer, Galois and Hypatia
Contests which will be written on April 9, 2010
• Learn about workshops and resources we offer for
teachers
• Find your school results
Canadian
Mathematics
Competition

C.M.C. Sponsors C.M.C. Supporter
Chartered
Accountants

Instructions
circles completely.
upper left corner.
contestants.

√
1. What is the value of 2 × 9 − 36 + 1?
(A) 7 (B) 11 (C) 8 (D) 13 (E) 4
2. The graph shows the number of hours Deepit worked over

a three day period. What is the total number of hours 6
that he worked on Saturday and Sunday? Time
(hours)
4
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6
2
(D) 8 (E) 10
Fri Sat Sun
3. The cost of 1 piece of gum is 1 cent. What is the cost of 1000 pieces of gum?
(A) $0.01 (B) $0.10 (C) $1.00 (D) $10.00 (E) $100.00
4. There are 18 classes at Webster Middle School. Each class has 28 students.
On Monday, 496 students were at school. How many students were absent?
(A) 8 (B) 11 (C) 18 (D) 26 (E) 29
5. In the diagram, the value of x is

(A) 15 (B) 20 (C) 24
(D) 30 (E) 36
4x x
2x
5x
6. What is the value of (−1)5 − (−1)4 ?

(A) −2 (B) −1 (C) 0 (D) 1 (E) 2
7. In the diagram, 4P QR is right-angled at Q, P Q is y

R(5, 5)
horizontal and QR is vertical. What are the coordinates
of Q?
(A) (5, 2) (B) (5, 0) (C) (5, 1)
(D) (4, 1) (E) (1, 5) P(2, 1) Q
x
y3 + y
8. If y = 3, the value of is
y2 − y
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) 6
9. In the diagram, any ♣ may be moved to any unoccupied
space. What is the smallest number of ♣’s that must ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣
be moved so that each row and each column contains ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣
three ♣’s? ♣ ♣
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 ♣ ♣ ♣
♣ ♣
(D) 4 (E) 5
10. If z = 4, x + y = 7, and x + z = 8, what is the value of x + y + z?

(A) 9 (B) 17 (C) 11 (D) 19 (E) 13
11. When the numbers 5.076, 5.076, 5.07, 5.076, 5.076 are arranged in increasing order,
the number in the middle is
(A) 5.076 (B) 5.076 (C) 5.07 (D) 5.076 (E) 5.076
12. If Francis spends 13 of his day sleeping, 14 of his day studying and 1
8 of his day eating,
how many hours in the day does he have left?
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 7 (E) 9
13. In the diagram, QRS is a straight line. What is the P

measure of ∠RP S? 67
(A) 27◦ (B) 47◦ (C) 48◦
48 38
(D) 65◦ (E) 67◦ Q R
S
14. In the diagram, O is the centre of a circle with radii

OP = OQ = 5. The perimeter of the shaded region,
including the two radii, is closest to
P O
(A) 34 (B) 41 (C) 52
(D) 59 (E) 68
Q
15. The increasing list of five different integers {3, 4, 5, 8, 9} has a sum of 29. How many
increasing lists of five different single-digit positive integers have a sum of 33?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5
16. In the diagram, a 4×9 grid P QT V is formed from thirty-

six 1 × 1 squares. Lines P R and U S are drawn with R P V
and S on QT . What is the ratio of the shaded area to U
the unshaded area?
(A) 5 : 9 (B) 9 : 8 (C) 4 : 5
Q R S T
(D) 9 : 5 (E) 5 : 4
17. Nerissa writes five mathematics tests, each worth the same amount, and obtains an
average of 73%. After her teacher deletes one of her test marks, Nerissa’s new average
is 76%. What was the mark on the test that the teacher deleted?
(A) 60% (B) 61% (C) 62% (D) 63% (E) 64%
18. Every 4 years, the population of the town of Arloe doubles. On December 31, 2008,
the population of Arloe was 3456. What was the population on December 31, 1988?
(A) 54 (B) 576 (C) 216 (D) 108 (E) 864
19. The distance from Coe Hill to Calabogie is 150 kilometres. Pat leaves Coe Hill at
1:00 p.m. and drives at a speed of 80 km/h for the first 60 km. How fast must he
travel for the remainder of the trip to reach Calabogie at 3:00 p.m.?
(A) 65 km/h (B) 70 km/h (C) 72 km/h (D) 75 km/h (E) 90 km/h
20. Different positive integers can be written in the eight

empty circles so that the product of any three integers
in a straight line is 3240. What is the largest possible
sum of the eight numbers surrounding 45?
(A) 139 (B) 211 (C) 156 45
(D) 159 (E) 160
21. Alice rolls a standard 6-sided die. Bob rolls a second standard 6-sided die. Alice wins
if the values shown differ by 1. What is the probability that Alice wins?
1 2 5 1 5
(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) 18 (D) 6 (E) 36
22. In the diagram, P Q and RS are diameters of a circle with

radius 4. If P Q and RS are perpendicular, what is the P R
area of the shaded region?
(A) 16 + 4π (B) 8 + 8π (C) 8 + 4π
(D) 16 + 16π (E) 16 + 8π
S Q
23. A one-dollar coin should have a mass of 7.0 g. Each individual coin may be lighter
or heavier by as much as 2.14%. Joshua has a number of these coins and determines
that they have a total mass of 1 kg. What is the difference between the greatest
possible number and the least possible number of these coins that he could have?
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8
24. Eight identical spheres, each of diameter 20, fit tightly into a cube of side length 40 so
that each sphere just touches three of the faces of the cube. The radius of the largest
sphere that will fit in the central space, just touching all eight spheres, is closest to
(A) 7.0 (B) 7.3 (C) 7.6 (D) 7.9 (E) 8.2
25. Starting with the input (m, n), Machine A gives the output (n, m).
Starting with the input (m, n), Machine B gives the output (m + 3n, n).
Starting with the input (m, n), Machine C gives the output (m − 2n, n).
Natalie starts with the pair (0, 1) and inputs it into one of the machines. She takes
the output and inputs it into any one of the machines. She continues to take the
output that she receives and inputs it into any one of the machines. (For example,
starting with (0, 1), she could use machines B, B, A, C, B in that order to obtain
the output (7, 6).) Which of the following pairs is impossible for her to obtain after
repeating this process any number of times?
(A) (2009,1016) (B) (2009,1004) (C) (2009,1002)
(D) (2009,1008) (E) (2009,1032)
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2009
Canadian Mathematics Competition
For students...

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Workshops to help you prepare for future contests
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Canadian
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Competition

Chartered
Accountants
Time: 60 minutes 2008

c Waterloo Mathematics Foundation
Instructions
circles completely.
upper left corner.
contestants.

2+3+4
1. The value of is
2×3×4
5 7 3
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) 3 (E)
6 12 8
2. If 3x − 9 = 12, then the value of 6x is
(A) 42 (B) 24 (C) 6 (D) 32 (E) 52
√
3. 52 − 42 is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 4 (E) 2
4. In the diagram, JLM R and JKQR are rectangles.

Also, JR = 2, RQ = 3 and JL = 8. What is the J K L
area of rectangle KLM Q?
2
(A) 6 (B) 16 (C) 10
(D) 15 (E) 24 R 3 Q M
3x + y
5. If x = 12 and y = −6, then the value of is
x−y
5 7
(A) 3 (B) 7 (C) 3 (D) 5 (E) 3
6. In the diagram, P QR is a straight line. Q

P R
The value of x is 136 64
(A) 72 (B) 44 (C) 58
x
(D) 64 (E) 52
S
7. A bag contains 5 red, 6 green, 7 yellow, and 8 blue jelly beans. A jelly bean is selected
at random. What is the probability that it is blue?
5 3 7 4 6
(A) 26 (B) 13 (C) 26 (D) 13 (E) 13
8. Olave sold 108 apples at a constant rate over 6 hours. If she continues to sell apples
at the same rate, how many apples will she sell in the next 1 hour and 30 minutes?
(A) 27 (B) 33 (C) 45 (D) 36 (E) 21
9. In the diagram, the rectangular wire grid contains

15 identical squares. The length of the rectangular grid
is 10. What is the length of wire needed to construct the
grid?
(A) 60 (B) 70 (C) 120
10
(D) 66 (E) 76
10. On the number line, S is three-quarters of the way from
P to Q. Also, T is one-third of the way from P to Q. 14 46
What is the distance along the number line from T P T S Q
to S?
(A) 20 (B) 15 (C) 6
(D) 25 (E) 31
11. At Mathville Junior High School, 30 boys and 20 girls wrote the Pascal Contest.
Certificates were awarded to 30% of the boys and 40% of the girls. What percentage
of all of the participating students received certificates?
(A) 34 (B) 35 (C) 36 (D) 17 (E) 70
12. In the diagram, the perimeter of the rectangle is 56.

What is its area?
(A) 247 (B) 187 (C) 169 x 2
(D) 135 (E) 775
x+4
13. 23 × 22 × 33 × 32 is equal to
(A) 65 (B) 66 (C) 610 (D) 3610 (E) 3636
14. Two 3-digit numbers, abc and def , have the following property:
a b c
+ d e f
1 0 0 0
None of a, b, c, d, e, or f is 0. What is a + b + c + d + e + f ?
(A) 10 (B) 19 (C) 21 (D) 28 (E) 30
15. In the diagram, what is the perimeter of 4P QR? Q

(A) 63 (B) 60 (C) 55 25
(D) 85 (E) 70
P 8 S 20 R
M
16. A circle has an area of M cm2 and a circumference of N cm. If = 20, what is the
N
radius of the circle, in cm?
1 1
(A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 40 (D) 10 (E) 20
17. The surface area of a large cube is 5400 cm2 . This cube is cut into a number of
identical smaller cubes. Each smaller cube has a volume of 216 cm3 . How many
smaller cubes are there?
(A) 25 (B) 125 (C) 164 (D) 180 (E) 216
18. Alex has $2.65. He has only dimes (worth $0.10 each) and quarters (worth $0.25
each). He has more dimes than quarters. What is the smallest number of coins that
Alex could have?
(A) 25 (B) 16 (C) 13 (D) 19 (E) 22
19. An integer is defined to be upright if the sum of its first two digits equals its third
digit. For example, 145 is an upright integer since 1 + 4 = 5. How many positive
3-digit integers are upright?
(A) 28 (B) 39 (C) 36 (D) 45 (E) 50
20. Four of the six numbers 1867, 1993, 2019, 2025, 2109, and 2121 have a mean (average)
of 2008. What is the mean (average) of the other two numbers?
(A) 1994 (B) 2006 (C) 2022 (D) 2051 (E) 2064

21. If 3 ≤ p ≤ 10 and 12 ≤ q ≤ 21, then the difference between the largest and smallest
p
possible values of is
q
29 29 19 19 19
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
42 5 70 12 84
22. Ginger walks at 4 km/h and runs at 6 km/h. She saves 3 34 minutes by running instead
of walking from her home to her school. What is the distance, in kilometres, from
her home to her school?
(A) 7 21 (B) 3 34 (C) 1 78 (D) 1 14 (E) 34
23. Four pieces of lumber are placed in parallel positions,

as shown, perpendicular to line M :
W
• Piece W is 5 m long
• Piece X is 3 m long and its left end is 3 m from X
line M Y
• Piece Y is 5 m long and is 2 m from line M Z
• Piece Z is 4 m long and is 1.5 m from from line M
A single cut, perpendicular to the pieces of lumber, M L
is made along the dotted line L. The total length of
lumber on each side of L is the same. What is the
length, in metres, of the part of piece W to the left
of the cut?
(A) 4.25 (B) 3.5 (C) 3.25
(D) 3.75 (E) 4.0
24. Five circles are drawn on a piece of paper and connected
as shown. Each circle must be coloured red, blue or
green. Two circles connected by a straight line may not
be coloured the same. How many different ways are there
to colour the circles?
(A) 24 (B) 60 (C) 72
(D) 36 (E) 48
25. In the diagram, 4P√ QR is right-angled at P and has R
P Q = 2 and P R = 2 3. Altitude P L intersects median
RM at F . What is the length of P F ?
√ √ √
3 3 3 4 3
(A) 2 (B) 7 (C) 7
√ √
5 3 3 3
(D) 9 (E) 5
L
F
P M Q
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2008
For students...

Visit our website
to find
• Information about our publications for mathematics
• Information about careers in mathematics
For teachers...
Visit our website
to
teachers
Canadian
Mathematics
Competition

Sybase
iAnywhere Solutions
Chartered
Accountants Maplesoft

Instructions
circles completely.
upper left corner.
contestants.
1. The value of 3 × (7 − 5) − 5 is
(A) 11 (B) 1 (C) −30 (D) 11 (E) −1
2. Which of the following is the best estimate for the value

of x shown on the number line? x
(A) 1.3 (B) −1.3 (C) −2.7
(D) 0.7 (E) −0.7 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
3. What fraction of the area of rectangle ABCD is the area A 5 D

of the shaded square?
1 1 1
(A) 15 (B) 8 (C) 10 3
1 1 1
(D) 4 (E) 12
1
B C
4. The value of 25 − 52 is
(A) 0 (B) −3 (C) −7 (D) 3 (E) 7
5. The table shows the pay Leona earned for two different
shifts at the same fixed hourly rate. How much will she Shift Total Pay
earn for a five hour shift at this rate? 3 hours $24.75
6 hours $49.50
(A) $43.75 (B) $46.25 (C) $38.75
(D) $36.25 (E) $41.25
√ √
64 + 36
6. The value of √ is
64 + 36
7 16 1 24 14
(A) 5 (B) 5 (C) 5 (D) 5 (E) 5
7. Megan inherits $1 000 000 and Dan inherits $10 000. Each donates 10% of his or her
inheritance to charity. In total, they donate
(A) $101 000 (B) $110 000 (C) $100 000 (D) $11 000 (E) $10 100
8. In the diagram, what is the area of 4ABC? y

(A) 36 (B) 54 (C) 108 A (4, 9)
(D) 72 (E) 48
x
B (0, 0) C (12, 0)
5 1
9. The value of 8 −16 is
3
(A) larger than 4 (B) larger than 35 (C) larger than 5
9
(D) less than 12 7
(E) less than 16
10. If M = 2007 ÷ 3, N = M ÷ 3, and X = M − N , then the value of X is

(A) 669 (B) 223 (C) 1338 (D) 892 (E) 446
11. The mean (average) of 6, 9 and 18 is equal to the mean (average) of 12 and y. What
is the value of y?
(A) 22 (B) 21 (C) 10 (D) 11 (E) 5
12. In the diagram, if ∠P QR = 48◦ , what is the measure of

∠P M N ? M R
(A) 60◦ (B) 42◦ (C) 48◦
(D) 66◦ (E) 84◦ P
N
Q
13. The sum of two different prime numbers is 10. The product of these two numbers is
(A) 24 (B) 21 (C) 16 (D) 9 (E) 7
14. At Webster High School, the ratio of males to females writing the Pascal Contest
is 3 : 7. If there are 21 males writing the Contest, what is the total number of
students writing?
(A) 30 (B) 25 (C) 49 (D) 70 (E) 79
15. Clara knocks over the two stacks of blocks shown in the
diagram. She then uses the blocks to build a similar stack
whose top layer has one block and each layer below has
one more block than the layer above it. If she builds
the largest possible stack, how many blocks will be left
over?
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2
(D) 3 (E) 4
16. In the table, the sum of the numbers in each row, column and
diagonal is the same. What is the value of P + Q + R + S? P 4 Q
10 16 22
(A) 56 (B) 60 (C) 64
R 28 S
(D) 68 (E) 72
17. Norine can retire when her age and the number of years that she has worked add
to 85. At present, she is 50 years old and has worked for 19 years. If she works
continuously until she retires, how old will she be when she can retire?
(A) 53 (B) 54 (C) 58 (D) 66 (E) 69
18. In the diagram, what is the perimeter of 4P QS? Q P
(A) 74 (B) 55 (C) 80 5
R 13
(D) 84 (E) 97
37
S

3 1
19. The reciprocal of is + 1 . What is the value of x?
10 x
7 3 3 5 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
3 13 7 3 5
20. In the diagram, rectangle ABCD is divided into two

regions, AEF CD and EBCF , of equal area. If EB = 40, A E B
AD = 80 and EF = 30, what is the length of AE?
(A) 20 (B) 24 (C) 10
F
(D) 15 (E) 30
D C
21. P , Q, R, S, and T are five different integers between 2 and 19 inclusive.
• P is a two-digit prime number whose digits add up to a prime number.

• Q is a multiple of 5.
• R is an odd number, but not a prime number.
• S is the square of a prime number.
• T is a prime number that is also the mean (average) of P and Q.
Which number is the largest?

(A) P (B) Q (C) R (D) S (E) T
22. Asafa ran at a speed of 21 km/h from P to Q to R

to S, as shown. Florence ran at a constant speed P
from P directly to R and then to S. They left P at
the same time and arrived at S at the same time. 8 km
How many minutes after Florence did Asafa arrive 7 km
at point R? Q 15 km R S
(A) 0 (B) 8 (C) 6
(D) 7 (E) 5
23. In the diagram, two circles, each with centre D, have radii
of 1 and 2. The total area of the shaded regions is 125
of A
the area of the larger circle. What is a possible measure
of ∠ADC?
D
(A) 108◦ (B) 120◦ (C) 90◦ C
(D) 150◦ (E) 135◦
24. Starting with the “1” in the centre, the spiral of

consecutive integers continues, as shown. What is 17 16 15 14 13
the sum of the number that appears directly above
2007 and the number that appears directly below ↓ 5 4 3 12
2007? 6 1 2 11
(A) 4014 (B) 4016 (C) 4018 7 8 9 10
(D) 4020 (E) 4022
25. How many four-digit positive integers x are there with the property that x and 3x
have only even digits? (One such number is x = 8002, since 3x = 24006 and each of
x and 3x has only even digits.)
(A) 82 (B) 84 (C) 86 (D) 88 (E) 90
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2007
For students...
Encourage your teacher to register you for Fryer Contest

Visit our website
to find
• Free copies of past Contests
• Workshops to help you prepare for future Contests
• Information about our publications for math enrichment
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For teachers...
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teachers
Canadian
Mathematics
Competition

C.M.C. Sponsors: Sybase

Chartered
Accountants Great West Life iAnywhere Solutions
and London Life
C.M.C. Supporter:
Canadian Institute
of Actuaries

Instructions
circles completely.
upper left corner.
contestants.

550 + 50
1. What is the value of 2 ?
5 +5
(A) 32 (B) 40 (C) 12 (D) 65 (E) 20
√ √
2. What is the value of 36 + 64 − 25 − 16?
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 13 (D) 11 (E) 9
3. How many positive whole numbers, including 1 and 18, divide exactly into 18?
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 7
4. If A + B = 5, then the value of B − 3 + A is

(A) 2 (B) 8 (C) 7 (D) 15 (E) 13
5. In the diagram, the rectangular solid and the cube have

equal volumes. The length of each edge of the cube is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8
(D) 16 (E) 32
4
8
2
6. Ravindra and Hongshu made a pizza together. Ravindra ate 25 of the pizza. Hongshu
ate half as much as Ravindra. What percentage of the original pizza was left?
(A) 20 (B) 30 (C) 40 (D) 50 (E) 60
7. In the diagram, two equal-armed balances are shown.
How many would it take to balance ?

(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) 3
8. The areas of three squares are 16, 49 and 169. What is the average (mean) of their
side lengths?
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 24 (D) 39 (E) 32
9. In the diagram, the rectangle has a width of w, a length

of 8, and a perimeter of 24. What is the ratio of its width 8
to its length?
(A) 1 : 4 (B) 1 : 3 (C) 1 : 2 w
(D) 3 : 8 (E) 2 : 3
10. In the subtraction shown, M and N each represent a M 4
single digit. What is the value of M + N ?
3 N
(A) 14 (B) 12 (C) 15
(D) 13 (E) 11 1 6
11. When x = 9, which of the following has the largest value?

√ x 40 x2
(A) x (B) (C) x − 5 (D) (E)
2 x 20
12. The lengths of the three sides of a triangle are 7, x + 4 and 2x + 1. The perimeter of
the triangle is 36. What is the length of the longest side of the triangle?
(A) 7 (B) 12 (C) 17 (D) 15 (E) 16
13. If Corina had added the numbers P and Q correctly, the answer would have been 16.
By mistake, she subtracted Q from P . Her answer was 4. What is the value of P ?
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 8 (D) 10 (E) 16
1 2 3 n
14. If + + + = 2, the value of n is
2 3 4 12
(A) −4 (B) 13 (C) 18 (D) 4 (E) 1
15. From 7:45 p.m. to 9:30 p.m., Jim drove a distance of 84 km at a constant speed.
What was this speed, in km/h?
(A) 60 (B) 80 (C) 112 (D) 63 (E) 48
16. An unusual die has the numbers 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, and 8 on its six faces. Two of these dice
are rolled. The two numbers on the top faces are added. How many different sums
are possible?
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9 (E) 10
17. In the diagram, point E lies on line segment AB, and D

triangles AED and BEC are isosceles. Also, ∠DEC is
twice ∠ADE. What is the size of ∠EBC?
C
(A) 75◦ (B) 80◦ (C) 60◦
(D) 55◦ (E) 45◦
70
A E B
18. In the diagram, the grid is made up of squares. What is the area of the shaded region?
4
2
12
(A) 19 (B) 24 (C) 14 (D) 12 (E) 8

19. The sum of ten consecutive integers is S. Ten times the smallest of these integers
is T . What is the value of S − T ?
(A) 45 (B) 55 (C) 10 (D) 9 (E) 66
20. Five identical rectangles are arranged to form a larger P Q

rectangle P QRS, as shown. The area of P QRS is 4000. The
length, x, of each of the identical rectangles is closest to x
(A) 35 (B) 39 (C) 41
(D) 37 (E) 33
S R
x

21. In each row of the table, the sum of the first two numbers
equals the third number. Also, in each column of the m 4 m+4
table, the sum of the first two numbers equals the third 8 n 8+n
number. What is the sum of the nine numbers in the m+8 4+n 6
table?
(A) 18 (B) 42 (C) −18
(D) −6 (E) 24
22. In the diagram, each of the three identical circles touch

the other two. The circumference of each circle is 36.
What is the perimeter of the shaded region?
(A) 18 (B) 6 (C) 36
(D) 12 (E) 24
23. Ben and Anna each have some CDs. If Anna gives six of her CDs to Ben, he would
then have twice as many CDs as Anna. If, instead, Anna takes six CDs from Ben,
then both would have the same number of the CDs. What is the total number of CDs
that Ben and Anna have?
(A) 42 (B) 30 (C) 72 (D) 18 (E) 36
24. A bag contains eight yellow marbles, seven red marbles, and five black marbles.
Without looking in the bag, Igor removes N marbles all at once. If he is to be sure
that, no matter which choice of N marbles he removes, there are at least four marbles
of one colour and at least three marbles of another colour left in the bag, what is the
maximum possible value of N ?
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9 (E) 10
25. John writes a number with 2187 digits on the blackboard, each digit being a 1 or
a 2. Judith creates a new number from John’s number by reading his number from
left to right and wherever she sees a 1 writing 112 and wherever she sees a 2 writing
111. (For example, if John’s number begins 2112, then Judith’s number would begin
111112112111.) After Judith finishes writing her number, she notices that the leftmost
2187 digits in her number and in John’s number are the same. How many times do
five 1’s occur consecutively in John’s number?
(A) 182 (B) 183 (C) 184 (D) 185 (E) 186
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2006
For students...
Encourage your teacher to register you for Fryer Contest

Visit our website
to find
• Information about our publications for math enrichment
and Contest preparation
For teachers...
Visit our website
to
teachers
Canadian
Mathematics
Competition

C.M.C. Sponsors: C.M.C. Supporters:
Canadian Institute
of Actuaries
Chartered Accountants
Great West Life

and London Life
Sybase
iAnywhere Solutions

Calculators are permitted.
Instructions
3. Be sure that you understand the coding system for your response form. If you are not sure, ask your
teacher to clarify it. All coding must be done with a pencil, preferably HB. Fill in circles completely.
4. On your response form, print your school name, city/town, and province in the box in the upper left
corner.
5. Be certain that you code your name, age, sex, grade, and the Contest you are writing in the
response form. Only those who do so can be counted as official contestants.
6. This is a multiple-choice test. Each question is followed by five possible answers marked A, B, C,
D, and E. Only one of these is correct. After making your choice, fill in the appropriate circle on the
response form.

200 + 10
1. What is the value of ?
20 + 10
(A) 2 (B) 10 (C) 1 (D) 11 (E) 7
2. The expression 6a − 5a + 4a − 3a + 2a − a is equal to

(A) 3a (B) 3a6 (C) 3 (D) −21a (E) −21a6
3. When x = 3, the value of x(x − 1)(x − 2)(x − 3)(x − 4) is

(A) 6 (B) −6 (C) 0 (D) 24 (E) −24
4. Six balls, numbered 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, are placed in a hat. Each ball is equally likely to be
chosen. If one ball is chosen, what is the probability that the number on the selected ball is a
prime number?
1 1 1 2 5
(A) 6 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 6
p √
5. The value of 36 × 16 is
(A) 12 (B) 144 (C) 24 (D) 26 (E) 96
6. A glass filled with water has a mass of 1000 g. When half the water is removed from the
glass, the mass of the glass and the remaining water is 700 g. What is the mass of the empty
glass?
(A) 600 g (B) 500 g (C) 350 g (D) 400 g (E) 300 g
7. If 31 x = 12, then 41 x equals

(A) 1 (B) 16 (C) 9 (D) 144 (E) 64
8. Which of the numbers −5, 23 , 2, 53 , 8 is larger than its square?

3 3
(A) −5 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 5 (E) 8
9. In triangle ABC, the value of x + y is A

(A) 104 (B) 76 (C) 180
(D) 90 (E) 166
xo 104o yo
B C
10. In the sequence 32, 8, , , x, each term after the second is the average of the two terms
immediately before it. The value of x is
(A) 17 (B) 20 (C) 44 (D) 24 (E) 14
11. If a, b and c are positive integers with a × b = 13, b × c = 52, and c × a = 4, the value of
a × b × c is
(A) 2704 (B) 104 (C) 676 (D) 208 (E) 52
12. Point L lies on line segment KM , as shown. y

The value of w is
M(10,11)
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6
(D) 7 (E) 8
L(6,w)
K(4,2)
x
O
13. Eight unit cubes are used to form a larger 2 by 2 by 2 cube.

The six faces of this larger cube are then painted red. When
the paint is dry, the larger cube is taken apart. What fraction
of the total surface area of the unit cubes is red?
1 2 1
(A) 6 (B) 3 (C) 2
1 1
(D) 4 (E) 3
14. A positive integer whose digits are the same when read forwards or backwards is called a
palindrome. For example, 4664 is a palindrome. How many integers between 2005 and 3000
are palindromes?
(A) 0 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10 (E) more than 10
15. When 14 is divided by 5, the remainder is 4. When 14 is divided by a positive integer n, the
remainder is 2. For how many different values of n is this possible?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5
16. The digits 1, 2, 5, 6, and 9 are all used to form five-digit even numbers, in which no digit is
repeated. The difference between the largest and smallest of these numbers is
(A) 83 916 (B) 79 524 (C) 83 952 (D) 79 236 (E) 83 016
17. In the diagram, rectangle P QRS is divided into three identical P Q

squares. If P QRS has perimeter 120 cm, what is its area,
in cm2 ?
(A) 225 (B) 675 (C) 360 S R
(D) 432 (E) 144
18. When the expression 20052 + 20050 + 20050 + 20055 is evaluated, the final two digits are
(A) 52 (B) 25 (C) 20 (D) 50 (E) 05
19. A whole number is called decreasing if each digit of the number is less than the digit to its
left. For example, 8540 is a decreasing four-digit number. How many decreasing numbers
are there between 100 and 500?
(A) 11 (B) 10 (C) 9 (D) 8 (E) 7
20. Harry the Hamster is put in a maze, and he starts at point S. S

The paths are such that Harry can move forward only in the
direction of the arrows. At any junction, he is equally likely to
choose any of the forward paths. What is the probability that
Harry ends up at B?
2 13 11
(A) 3 (B) 18 (C) 18
1 1
(D) 3 (E) 4
A B C D
21. Integers m and n are each greater than 100. If m + n = 300, then m : n could be equal to
(A) 9 : 1 (B) 17 : 8 (C) 5 : 3 (D) 4 : 1 (E) 3 : 2
22. In the diagram, two pairs of identical isosceles triangles are A P B

cut off of square ABCD, leaving rectangle P QRS. The total
area cut off is 200 m2 . The length of P R, in metres, is Q
√ √
(A) 200 (B) 20 (C) 800
(D) 25 (E) 15 S
D R C
23. Starting with the 2, the number 2005 can be formed by mov-
ing either horizontally, vertically, or diagonally from square to 5 5 5 5 5
square in the grid. How many different paths can be followed 5 0 0 0 5
to form 2005? 5 0 2 0 5
(A) 96 (B) 72 (C) 80 5 0 0 0 5
5 5 5 5 5
(D) 64 (E) 88
24. A positive integer is called a perfect power if it can be written in the form ab , where a and
b are positive integers with b ≥ 2. For example, 32 and 125 are perfect powers because
32 = 25 and 125 = 53 .
The increasing sequence
2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, . . .
consists of all positive integers which are not perfect powers. The sum of the squares of the
digits of the 1000th number in this sequence is
(A) 42 (B) 26 (C) 33 (D) 18 (E) 21
25. In the diagram, right-angled triangles AED and BF C A D

are constructed inside rectangle ABCD so that F lies F
on DE. If AE = 21, ED = 72 and BF = 45, what is E
the length of AB?
(A) 50 (B) 48 (C) 52
(D) 54 (E) 56 B C
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2005
For students...
Encourage your teacher to register you for Fryer Contest which

will be written on April 20, 2005.
Visit our website
to find
• Information about our publications for math enrichment and
Contest preparation
For teachers...
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which will be written on April 20, 2005
• Learn about workshops and resources we offer for teachers
Canadian
Mathematics
Competition
An activity of The Centre for Education

C.M.C. Sponsors: C.M.C. Supporters:
Canadian Institute
of Actuaries
Great West Life
and London Life
Sybase
Inc. (Waterloo)
iAnywhere Solutions
Time: 1 hour © 2003 Waterloo Mathematics Foundation

Instructions
1. Do not open the contest booklet until you are told to do so.
3. Be sure that you understand the coding system for your response form. If you are not sure, ask your teacher
to clarify it. All coding must be done with a pencil, preferably HB. Fill in circles completely.
4. On your response form, print your school name, city/town, and province in the box in the upper right corner.
5. Be certain that you code your name, age, sex, grade, and the contest you are writing on the response
form. Only those who do so can be counted as official contestants.
6. This is a multiple-choice test. Each question is followed by five possible answers marked A, B, C, D, and
E. Only one of these is correct. When you have decided on your choice, fill in the appropriate circle on
the response form.
9. When your supervisor instructs you to begin, you will have sixty minutes of working time.
1. To win a skateboard, the skill testing question is 5 × (10 – 6 ) ÷ 2 . The correct answer is
(A) 10 (B) 35 (C) 32 (D) 22 (E) 40
2. The average of 2, x and 12 is 8. What is the value of x?

(A) 8 (B) −2 (C) 12 (D) 24 (E) 10
1 1 1
3. The fractions , and are to be added. What is their lowest common denominator?
9 4 18
(A) 648 (B) 162 (C) 72 (D) 36 (E) 18
4. In the diagram, the area of ∆ABC is A

(A) 40 (B) 12 (C) 30
(D) 48 (E) 24 10
B 8 C
5– 4
5. The value of is
5+ 4
3 1 11 1
(A) (B) (C) – 21 (D) 0 (E)
7 9 3
6. The value of 41 + 32 – 2 3 + 14 is
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 6 (D) 5 (E) 9
7. When x = – 3 , the value of 3 x 2 + 2 x is

(A) 81 (B) 75 (C) – 33 (D) 21 (E) – 24
8. If 18% of 42 is equal to 27% of x, then the value of x is

(A) 28 (B) 63 (C) 2 (D) 864 (E) 12
9. The surface area of a cube is 96 cm 2 . The volume of the cube, in cm3 , is

(A) 16 (B) 64 (C) 8 (D) 512 (E) 216
10. It is given that y = 3x – 5 and z = 3x + 3 . If y = 1, the value of z is

(A) 8 (B) 6 (C) – 3 (D) 3 (E) 9
11. In the diagram, square ABCD has a side length of 4. What is the total B C
area of the shaded regions?
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 9
(D) 12 (E) 16
A D
12. In the diagram, two equal-armed balances are shown. How many would it take to balance one ?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5
13. Nadia starts at S and walks at a steady pace once around the perimeter of
a square park. Which graph best represents her distance from S as time
passes?
S
(A) distance (B) distance (C) distance
time time time
(D) distance (E) distance
time time
14. How many unshaded squares are in the tenth figure

of the pattern?
(A) 38 (B) 40 (C) 42
(D) 44 (E) 46
, , , ...
15. In the Pascal family, each child has at least 2 brothers and at least 1 sister. What is the smallest possible
number of children in this family?
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 7
16. If a 2 + 3b = 33 , where a and b are positive integers, what is the value of ab ?

(A) 11 (B) 24 (C) 16 (D) 32 (E) 27
17. The value of 0. 1 + 0.12 + 0.123 is
(A) 0.343 (B) 0.355 (C) 0.35 (D) 0.355446 (E) 0.355445
a b x–1 2
18. The symbol equals ad − bc . If = 9 , the value of x is
c d 3 –5
(A) – 4 (B) – 3 (C) – 2 (D) 2 (E) 4
19. Rafaello’s tree grows according to the following rule. After a branch
has been growing for two weeks, it produces a new branch every
week, while the original branch continues to grow. The tree has five
branches after five weeks, as shown. How many branches, including
the main branch, will the tree have at the end of eight weeks?
(A) 21 (B) 40 (C) 19
(D) 13 (E) 34
20. At the beginning of the game “Clock 7”, the arrow points to one of the
seven numbers. On each turn, the arrow is rotated clockwise by the 7
6 1
number of spaces indicated by the arrow at the beginning of the turn.
For example, if “Clock 7” starts with the arrow pointing at 4, then on 5 2
the first turn, the arrow is rotated clockwise 4 spaces so that it now
points at 1. The arrow will then move 1 space on the next turn, and 4 3
so on. If the arrow points at 6 after the 21st turn, at which number did
the arrow point after the first turn?
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 5
(D) 2 (E) 7
21. In the diagram, the number of different paths that spell “PASCAL” is P
(A) 6 (B) 10 (C) 12 A A
(D) 16 (E) 24
S S S
C C
A
L L
continued ...
22. A container in the shape of a cube has edge length 20 cm and contains
some water. A solid gold cube, with edge length 15 cm, sinks to the
bottom of this container, causing the water level to rise just to the top
of the solid cube. Which of the following is closest to the original
depth of the water?
(A) 6.56 cm (B) 8.25 cm (C) 10.50 cm
(D) 5.31 cm (E) 7.50 cm
23. A driver approaching a toll booth has exactly two quarters, two dimes and two nickels in his pocket.
He reaches into his pocket and randomly selects two of these coins. What is the probability that the
coins that he selects will be at least enough to pay the 30-cent toll?
3 2 1 3 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
5 5 3 10 3
24. In the sequence of fractions 1 , 2 , 1 , 3 , 2 , 1 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1 , 5 , …, fractions equivalent to any given

1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1
fraction occur many times. For example, fractions equivalent to 1 occur for the first two times in
2
3
positions 3 and 14. In which position is the fifth occurrence of a fraction equivalent to ?
7
(A) 1207 (B) 1208 (C) 1209 (D) 1210 (E) 1211
25. In the diagram, ABCD is a trapezoid with AB parallel to CD and with A B

AB = 2 and CD = 5 . Also, AX is parallel to BC and BY is parallel to
AD. If AX and BY intersect at Z, and AC and BY intersect at W, the ratio W
of the area of ∆AZW to the area of trapezoid ABCD is Z
(A) 7 : 105 (B) 8 : 105 (C) 9 : 105 D Y X C
(D) 10 : 105 (E) 12 : 105

(English)
Contest
Pascal
2004
PUBLICATIONS
Students and parents who enjoy solving problems for fun and recreation may find the following
publications of interest. They are an excellent resource for enrichment, problem solving and contest
preparation.
Copies of Previous Canadian Mathematics Competitions

Copies of previous contests and solutions are available at no cost in both English and French at
http://www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca
Problems Problems Problems Books

Each volume is a collection of problems (multiple choice and full solution), grouped into 9 or more
topics. Questions are selected from previous Canadian Mathematics Competition contests, and full
solutions are provided for all questions. The price is $15. (Available in English only.)
Volume 1 Volume 2
• over 300 problems and full solutions • over 325 problems and full solutions
• 10 topics • 10 topics (different from Volume 1)
• for students in Grades 9, 10, & 11 • for students in Grades 9, 10, & 11
• French version of Volume 1 is available
Volume 3 Volume 4
• 12 topics • 12 topics
• for senior high school students • for students in Grades 7, 8, & 9
Volume 5 Volume 6
• 9 topics (different from Volume 3) • 11 topics
Volume 7 Volume 8
• for students in Grades 9 and 10 • for students in Grades 11 and 12
Volume 9
• over 300 problems and full solutions
• 11 topics
• for students in Grades 7 and 8
Orders should be addressed to: Canadian Mathematics Competition

Faculty of Mathematics, Room 5181
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1
Include your name, address (with postal code), and telephone number.
Cheques or money orders in Canadian funds should be made payable to "Centre for Education in
Mathematics and Computing". In Canada, add $3.00 for the first item ordered for shipping and
handling, plus $1.00 for each subsequent item. No Provincial Sales Tax is required, but 7% GST must
be added. Orders outside of Canada ONLY, add $10.00 for the first item ordered for shipping and
handling, plus $2.00 for each subsequent item. Prices for these publications will remain in effect
until September 1, 2004.
NOTE: All publications are protected by copyright. It is unlawful to make copies without
the prior written permission of the Waterloo Mathematics Foundation.
Canadian
Mathematics
Competition

C.M.C. Sponsors: C.M.C. Supporters: C.M.C. Contributors:
Manulife
Financial
Canadian Institute
of Actuaries
Great West Life
and London Life
Sybase
Inc. (Waterloo)
iAnywhere Solutions

Instructions
the response form.
1. 169 – 25 equals
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 64 (D) 72 (E) 144
2. The missing number in the geometric sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, ____, 486 is
(A) 72 (B) 90 (C) 108 (D) 162 (E) 216
6+ 6× 3– 3
3. The value of is
3
(A) 11 (B) 7 (C) 3 (D) 9 (E) 17

120°
(A) 40 (B) 60 (C) 100
(D) 120 (E) 80
x°
40°
28
5. The value of is
82
(A) 1 (B) 8 (C) 4 (D) 1 (E) 2
16 4
18
6. Which of the following is not equal to ?
5
62 18 + 1
(A)
10
(B)
1
5 [6( 3)] (C)
5 +1
(D) 3.6 (E) 324
25
7. In the diagram, the numbers 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 are substituted, in A 10 B C

some order, for the letters A, B, C, D, E, and F, so that the number D 9 E
between and below two numbers is the positive difference between 7 F
those two numbers. For example, the 7 in the third row is the
3
positive difference between D and 9. Thus D = 2 because 9 – 2 = 7 .
The value of A + C is
(A) 7 (B) 12 (C) 13
(D) 10 (E) 14
8. What is the area of rectangle ABCD? y
(A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 18
A D(4, 5)
(D) 30 (E) 9
B(–1, 2) C(4, 2)
x
O
9. The largest prime number less than 30 that can be written as the sum of two primes is
(A) 29 (B) 23 (C) 19 (D) 17 (E) 13
10. Which of the following numbers is the largest?

(A) 3.2571 (B) 3.2571 (C) 3.2571 (D) 3.2571 (E) 3.2571
11. If x = 2 and y = −3 satisfy the equation 2 x 2 + kxy = 4 , then the value of k is
(A) 2
3 (B) 0 (C) 4
3 (D) − 23 (E) −2
12. At a math conference, the following exchange rates are used:

1 calculator = 100 rulers
10 rulers = 30 compasses
25 compasses = 50 protractors
How many protractors are equivalent to 1 calculator?
(A) 400 (B) 600 (C) 300 (D) 500 (E) 200
13. In the diagram, each of the 15 small squares is going to be coloured.

Any two squares that have a vertex in common or share a side must
be a different colour. What is the least number of different colours
needed?
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5
(D) 8 (E) 9
14. If x and y are positive integers and x + y = 5 , then a possible value for 2x – y is
(A) 3 (B) – 3 (C) 2 (D) – 2 (E) 0
15. In the diagram, square ABCD is made up of 36 squares, each with A K B

side length 1. The area of the square KLMN, in square units, is
(A) 12 (B) 16 (C) 18 L
(D) 20 (E) 25
N
D M C
16. If n is any integer, n + 3 , n – 9 , n – 4 , n + 6 , and n – 1 are also integers. If n + 3 , n – 9 , n – 4 , n + 6 ,
and n – 1 are arranged from smallest to largest, the integer in the middle is
(A) n + 3 (B) n – 9 (C) n – 4 (D) n + 6 (E) n – 1
17. In the diagram, AB is a straight line. The value of x is

(A) 67 (B) 59 (C) 62 y° y° y°
(D) 40 (E) 86
59° x° 140°
A B
18. The average (mean) of a list of n numbers is 7. When the number −11 is added to the list, the new
average is 6. What is the value of n?
(A) 13 (B) 14 (C) 15 (D) 16 (E) 17
19. In the diagram, what is the area of quadrilateral ABCD? A

(A) 14 (B) 16 (C) 18
(D) 20 (E) 28 4 D
1
B 7 C
20. The people of Evenland never use odd digits. Instead of counting 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, an Evenlander counts
2, 4, 6, 8, 20, 22. What is an Evenlander’s version of the integer 111?
(A) 822 (B) 828 (C) 840 (D) 842 (E) 824
21. A straight one-way city street has 8 consecutive traffic lights. Every light remains green for 1.5
minutes, yellow for 3 seconds, and red for 1.5 minutes. The lights are synchronized so that each light
turns red 10 seconds after the preceding one turns red. What is the longest interval of time, in seconds,
during which all 8 lights are green?
(A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 25 (E) 30
22. In the diagram, two circles with centres A and B intersect at points P
P and Q so that ∠ PAQ = 60° and ∠ PBQ = 90° . What is the ratio
of the area of the circle with centre A to the area of the circle with A B
centre B?
(A) 3:1 (B) 3:2 (C) 4:3 Q
(D) 2:1 (E) 9:4
23. An escalator moves at a constant rate from one floor up to the next floor. Jack walks up 29 steps while
travelling on the escalator between the floors. Jill takes twice as long to travel between the floors and
walks up only 11 steps. When it is stopped, how many steps does the escalator have between the two
floors?
(A) 47 (B) 51 (C) 40 (D) 36 (E) 69
continued ...
24. An artist wants to completely cover a rectangle with identically sized squares which do not overlap and
1 2
do not extend beyond the edges of the rectangle. If the rectangle is 60 2 cm long and 47 3 cm wide,
what is the minimum number of squares required?
(A) 429 (B) 858 (C) 1573 (D) 1716 (E) 5148
25. In the cube shown, L and K are midpoints of adjacent edges AD and A K B
AB . The perpendicular distance from F to the line segment LK is
L
10. What is the volume of the cube, to the nearest integer?
D
(A) 323 (B) 324 (C) 325 C
(D) 326 (E) 327
E
G F
✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿
(English)
Contest
Pascal
2003
PUBLICATIONS
Students and parents who enjoy solving problems for fun and recreation may find the following
publications of interest. They are an excellent resource for enrichment, problem solving and contest
preparation.
Copies of Previous Canadian Mathematics Competitions

Copies of previous contests and solutions are available at no cost in both English and French at
http://www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca
Problems Problems Problems Books

Each volume is a collection of problems (multiple choice and full solution), grouped into 9 or more
topics. Questions are selected from previous Canadian Mathematics Competition contests, and full
solutions are provided for all questions. The price is $15. (Available in English only.)
Volume 1 Volume 2
• 10 topics • 10 topics (different from Volume 1)
• for students in Grades 9, 10, & 11 • for students in Grades 9, 10, & 11
• French version of Volume 1 is available
Volume 3 Volume 4
Volume 5 Volume 6
• 9 topics (different from Volume 3) • 11 topics
Volume 7 Volume 8
NEW
• over 300 problems and full solutions NEW • over 200 problems and full solutions
• for students in Grades 9 and 10 • for students in Grades 11 and 12
Problems and How To Solve Them - Volume 1

This book continues the collection of problems available for enrichment of students in grades 9, 10,
and 11. Included for each of the eight chapters is a discussion on solving problems, with suggested
approaches. There are more than 225 new problems, almost all from Canadian Mathematics
Competitions, with complete solutions. The price is $20. (Available in English only.)
Orders should be addressed to: Canadian Mathematics Competition

Faculty of Mathematics, Room 5181
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1
Include your name, address (with postal code), and telephone number.
Cheques or money orders in Canadian funds should be made payable to "Centre for Education in
Mathematics and Computing". In Canada, add $3.00 for the first item ordered for shipping and
handling, plus $1.00 for each subsequent item. No Provincial Sales Tax is required, but 7% GST must
be added. Orders outside of Canada ONLY, add $10.00 for the first item ordered for shipping and
handling, plus $2.00 for each subsequent item. Prices for these publications will remain in effect
until September 1, 2003.
NOTE: All publications are protected by copyright. It is unlawful to make copies without
the prior written permission of the Waterloo Mathematics Foundation.
Canadian
Mathematics
Competition

Manulife
Financial
Canadian Institute
of Actuaries Equitable Life
of Canada
Great West Life

and London Life
Sybase
Inc. (Waterloo)
iAnywhere Solutions

Calculators are permitted, providing they are non-programmable and without graphic displays.
Instructions
the response form.
15 + 9 – 6
1. equals
3×2
(A) 11 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 23 (E) 12
2. 50% of 2002 is equal to
(A) 4004 (B) 3003 (C) 2001 (D) 1952 (E) 1001
3. If x + 2 = 10 and y – 1 = 6 , then the numerical value of x + y is

(A) 13 (B) 15 (C) 16 (D) 17 (E) 19
( )
2
4. The value of 32 – 3 is
(A) 36 (B) 72 (C) 9 (D) 3 (E) 0
5. Sofia entered an elevator. The elevator went up seven floors, then down six floors, and finally up five
floors. If Sofia got out on the twentieth floor, then she entered the elevator on floor number
(A) 14 (B) 2 (C) 16 (D) 38 (E) 26

(A) 20 (B) 60 (C) 70
(D) 40 (E) 50
x°
70° 50°
5 2
7. If n is of 240, then of n is
6 5
(A) 288 (B) 80 (C) 96 (D) 200 (E) 500
8. The value of 1 − 5 – 2 is( )

24 26 9
(A) 25
(B) −24 (C) 25
(D) 26 (E) 10
9. A rectangle is divided into four smaller rectangles. The

areas of three of these rectangles are 6, 15 and 25, as shown. 6 15
The area of the shaded rectangle is
(A) 7 (B) 15 (C) 12 25
(D) 16 (E) 10
10. Toothpicks are used to form squares in the pattern shown:
, , , ... .
Four toothpicks are used to form one square, seven to form two squares, and so on. If this pattern
continues, how many toothpicks will be used to form 10 squares in a row?
(A) 39 (B) 40 (C) 31 (D) 35 (E) 28
11. ABCD is a square with AB = x + 16 and BC = 3x , as shown. A x + 16 B

The perimeter of ABCD is
(A) 16 (B) 32 (C) 96
(D) 48 (E) 24 3x
D C
12. In a sequence of numbers, each number, except the first, equals twice the previous number. If the sum
of the second and third numbers in the list is 24, then the sixth number is
(A) 112 (B) 192 (C) 64 (D) 40 (E) 128
13. Triangle ABC has vertices A(1, 2 ) , B( 4, 0 ) and C (1, −4 ) . y

The area of ∆ABC is
A(1, 2)
(A) 18 (B) 12 (C) 8
(D) 10 (E) 9 B(4, 0)
x
C(1, – 4)
14. A class of 30 students wrote a history test. Of these students, 25 achieved an average of 75%. The other
5 students achieved an average of 40%. The class average on the history test was closest to
(A) 46 (B) 69 (C) 63 (D) 58 (E) 71
15. In the diagram, ABC represents a triangular jogging path. C

Jack jogs along the path from A to B to F. Jill jogs from A
to C to F. Each jogs the same distance. The distance from 120 m F
F to B, in metres, is
(A) 40 (B) 120 (C) 100 B
A 160 m
(D) 80 (E) 200
( )( )
16. When the product 5 3 7 52 is expanded, the units digit (that is, the last digit) is
(A) 5 (B) 3 (C) 9 (D) 7 (E) 0

17. The number 1000 can be written as the product of two positive integers, neither of which contains zeros.
The sum of these two integers is
(A) 65 (B) 110 (C) 133 (D) 205 (E) 1001
18. Together Akira and Jamie weigh 101 kg. Together Akira and Rabia weigh 91 kg. Together Rabia and
Jamie weigh 88 kg. How many kilograms does Akira weigh?
(A) 48 (B) 46 (C) 50 (D) 52 (E) 38
19. The natural numbers from 1 to 2100 are entered sequentially in 7 columns, with the first 3 rows as
shown. The number 2002 occurs in column m and row n. The value of m + n is
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 Column 7

Row 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Row 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Row 3 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
M M M M M M M M
(A) 290 (B) 291 (C) 292 (D) 293 (E) 294
20. For how many integer values of x is 25 – x 2 equal to an integer?
(A) 7 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 3 (E) 2
21. A rectangular block, with dimensions 4 cm, 5 cm and 6 cm, is made up of cubes each with side length
1 cm. If 1 cm 3 cubes are removed from this larger rectangular block, what is the minimum number
of these cubes that must be removed so that the resulting solid is itself a cube?
(A) 40 (B) 93 (C) 46 (D) 64 (E) 56
22. In a school, 500 students voted on each of two issues. Of these students, 375 voted in favour of the first
issue, 275 voted in favour of the second, and 40 students voted against both issues. How many students
voted in favour of both issues?
(A) 110 (B) 150 (C) 190 (D) 95 (E) 230
23. The number of ordered pairs ( a, b ) of integers which satisfy the equation a b = 64 is
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 8 (D) 6 (E) 7
continued ...
24. In the diagram, ABC is a semi-circle with diameter AC, E B
centre O and radius 1. Also, OB is perpendicular to AC.
Using AB as a diameter, a second semi-circle AEB is drawn.
The region inside this second semi-circle that lies outside
the original semi-circle is shaded, as shown. The area of this A O C
shaded region is
π 1 3π 1
(A) (B) (C) 4
+2
4 2
3 π 1
(D) (E) –
4 2 2
25. A student has two open-topped cylindrical containers. (The

walls of the two containers are thin enough so that their
width can be ignored.) The larger container has a height of
20 cm, a radius of 6 cm and contains water to a depth of 17
cm. The smaller container has a height of 18 cm, a radius of
5 cm and is empty. The student slowly lowers the smaller
container into the larger container, as shown in the cross-
section of the cylinders in Figure 1. As the smaller container 20 cm
17 cm
is lowered, the water first overflows out of the larger
container (Figure 2) and then eventually pours into the
smaller container. When the smaller container is resting on
Figure 1 Figure 2
the bottom of the larger container, the depth of the water in
the smaller container will be closest to
(A) 2.82 cm (B) 2.84 cm (C) 2.86 cm

(D) 2.88 cm (E) 2.90 cm
Canadian
Mathematics
Competition

Great West Life

and London Life
Canadian Institute
of Actuaries Manulife
Financial
Equitable Life
of Canada
Sybase
Chartered Accountants Inc. (Waterloo)

Instructions
E. Only one of these is correct. When you have decided on your choice, fill in the appropriate circles on
the response form.
Each unanswered question is worth 2, to a maximum of 20.
56 – 3 4
1. The value of is
63
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) 12 (E) 31
2. When 12 345 678 is divided by 10, the remainder is
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 8
25 – 23
3. Evaluate .
22
1
(A) 6 (B) 1 (C) (D) 0 (E) 30
4
1
4. If x ! , which of the following has the largest value?
4
1 1
(A) x (B) x 2 (C) x (D) (E) x
2 x
5. In the diagram, the value of x is B

(A) 100 (B) 65 (C) 80 xr
(D) 70 (E) 50
130r
A C D
6. Anna’s term mark was 80%. Her exam mark was 90%. In calculating her final mark, the term mark
was given a weight of 70% and the exam mark a weight of 30%. What was her final mark?
(A) 81% (B) 83% (C) 84% (D) 85% (E) 87%
24
7. The least value of x which makes an integer is
x–4
(A) – 44 (B) – 28 (C) – 20 (D) – 8 (E) 0
8. The 50th term in the sequence 5, 6x , 7 x 2 , 8 x 3 , 9 x 4 , … is
(A) 54 x 49 (B) 54 x 50 (C) 45 x 50 (D) 55 x 49 (E) 46 x 51

9. The perimeter of ( ABC is A
(A) 23 (B) 40 (C) 42
15 8
(D) 46 (E) 60
C B
10. Dean scored a total of 252 points in 28 basketball games. Ruth played 10 fewer games than Dean. Her
scoring average was 0.5 points per game higher than Dean’s scoring average. How many points, in
total, did Ruth score?
(A) 153 (B) 171 (C) 180 (D) 266 (E) 144
11. Sahar walks at a constant rate for 10 minutes and then rests for 10 minutes. Which of these
distance, d, versus time, t, graphs best represents his movement during these 20 minutes?
(A) d (B) d (C) d
t t t
10 20 10 20 10 20
(D) d (E) d
t t
10 20 10 20
12. A bag contains 20 candies: 4 chocolate, 6 mint and 10 butterscotch. Candies are removed randomly
from the bag and eaten. What is the minimum number of candies that must be removed to be certain
that at least two candies of each flavour have been eaten?
(A) 6 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 16 (E) 18
13. Pierre celebrated his birthday on February 2, 2001. On that day, his age equalled the sum of the digits
in the year in which he was born. In what year was Pierre born?
(A) 1987 (B) 1980 (C) 1979 (D) 1977 (E) 1971
14. Twenty tickets are numbered from one to twenty. One ticket is drawn at random with each ticket having
an equal chance of selection. What is the probability that the ticket shows a number that is a multiple
of 3 or 5?
3 11 2 9 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
10 20 5 20 2
15. The line L crosses the x-axis at – 8, 0 . The area of the y
shaded region is 16. What is the slope of the line L?
L
1 1
(A) (B) 4 (C) –
2 2
(D) 2 (E) – 2
(– 8, 0)
x
16. In the diagram, all triangles are equilateral. The total

number of equilateral triangles of any size is
(A) 18 (B) 20 (C) 24

(D) 26 (E) 28
17. In the rectangle shown, the value of a – b is y

(a, 13)
(A) – 3 (B) –1 (C) 0
(D) 3 (E) 1 (15, b)
(5, 5)
(9, 2)
x
18. The largest four-digit number whose digits add to 17 is 9800. The 5th largest four-digit number whose
digits have a sum of 17 is
(A) 9521 (B) 9620 (C) 9611 (D) 9602 (E) 9530
19. Two circles with equal radii are enclosed by a rectangle, as 10

2x
shown. The distance between their centres is . The
3
x
value of x is
15
(A) (B) 5 (C) 6
4
60 15
(D) (E)
7 2
20. Square ABCD has an area of 4. E is the midpoint of AB . A E B

Similarly, F, G, H, and I are the midpoints of DE , CF, DG ,
and CH , respectively. The area of ( IDC is
F
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) G
4 8 16
H
1 1 I
(D) (E)
32 64 D C
continued ...
21. Cindy leaves school at the same time every day. If she cycles at 20 km/h, she arrives home at 4:30 in
the afternoon. If she cycles at 10 km/h, she arrives home at 5:15 in the afternoon. At what speed,
in km/h, must she cycle to arrive home at 5:00 in the afternoon?
2 1 3
(A) 16 (B) 15 (C) 13 (D) 12 (E) 18
3 3 4
22. In the diagram, AB and BD are radii of a circle with A

centre B. The area of sector ABD is 2T , which is one-
eighth of the area of the circle. The area of the shaded
region is
(A) 2 T – 4 (B) T (C) 2 T – 2

B C D
(D) 2 T – 4.5 (E) 2 T – 8
23. Five points are located on a line. When the ten distances between pairs of points are listed from smallest
to largest, the list reads: 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, k, 13, 15, 17, 19. What is the value of k?
(A) 11 (B) 9 (C) 13 (D) 10 (E) 12
24. A sealed bottle, which contains water, has been constructed by attaching a cylinder of radius 1 cm to
a cylinder of radius 3 cm, as shown in Figure A. When the bottle is right side up, the height of the water
inside is 20 cm, as shown in the cross-section of the bottle in Figure B. When the bottle is upside down,
the height of the liquid is 28 cm, as shown in Figure C. What is the total height, in cm, of the bottle?
height of
liquid
20 cm 28 cm
Figure A Figure B Figure C
(A) 29 (B) 30 (C) 31 (D) 32 (E) 48
25. A palindrome is a positive integer whose digits are the same when read forwards or backwards. For
example, 2882 is a four-digit palindrome and 49194 is a five-digit palindrome. There are pairs of four-
digit palindromes whose sum is a five-digit palindrome. One such pair is 2882 and 9339. How many
such pairs are there?
(A) 28 (B) 32 (C) 36 (D) 40 (E) 44
❦❦❦❦❦
Canadian
Mathematics
Competition

Great-West Life
and London Life
IBM
Canada Ltd. Northern Telecom
(Nortel)
Manulife
Financial
Canadian Institute
of Actuaries Equitable Life
of Canada
Sybase
Inc. (Waterloo)

Instructions
the response form.
Each unanswered question is worth 2 credits, to a maximum of 20 credits.
1. The value of 52 + 2(5 – 2) is
(A) 16 (B) 19 (C) 31 (D) 36 (E) 81
2. The sum of 29 + 12 + 23 is
(A) 32 2 (B) 2 6 (C) 34 (D) 164 (E) 64 0
x – 2y
3. If x = 4 and y = – 3, then the value of is
x+y
1 10 2
(A) – (B) – 2 (C) (D) – (E) 10
2 7 7
4. If the following sequence of five arrows repeats itself continuously, what arrow would be in the 48th
position?
, , , ,
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
1 1
5. If y = 6 + , then is
6 y
6 37 6 7
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 1
37 6 7 6
2 23 9 11 4
6. If , , , , and are written from smallest to largest then the middle fraction will be
3 30 10 15 5
23 4 2 9 11
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
30 5 3 10 15
7. Three squares with the same centre and corresponding

parallel sides are drawn. The distance between the sides of
successive squares is 3 and the side length of the largest
square is 22, as shown. What is the perimeter of the smallest
square? 3 3
(A) 40 (B) 100 (C) 10 3

(D) 64 (E) 20
3
22
8. In the diagram, the value of y is x°
2x°
(A) 30 (B) 20 (C) 80
(D) 60 (E) 40 60° y°
9. The ages of three contestants in the Pascal Contest are 14 years, 9 months; 15 years, 1 month; and 14
years, 8 months. Their average (mean) age is
(A) 14 years, 8 months (B) 14 years, 9 months (C) 14 years, 10 months
(D) 14 years, 11 months (E) 15 years
10. The number of integers between – 8 and 32 is
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8 (E) 19
11. A store had a sale on T-shirts. For every two T-shirts purchased at the regular price, a third T-shirt
was bought for $1.00. Twelve T-shirts were bought for $120.00. What was the regular price for
one T-shirt?
(A) $10.00 (B) $13.50 (C) $14.00 (D) $14.50 (E) $15.00
12. In the diagram, every number beginning at 30 equals twice

10 a 30 b c
the sum of the two numbers to its immediate left. The value
of c is
(A) 50 (B) 70 (C) 80
(D) 100 (E) 200
a c e
13. In the expression + + each letter is replaced by a different digit from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. What
b d f
is the largest possible value of this expression?
2 5 1 2 1
(A) 8 3 (B) 9 6 (C) 9 3 (D) 9 3 (E) 10 3
14. The numbers 6, 14, x, 17, 9, y, 10 have a mean of 13. What is the value of x + y ?
(A) 20 (B) 21 (C) 23 (D) 25 (E) 35
15. The digits 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, and 3 are arranged to form an odd six digit integer. The 1’s are separated by
one digit, the 2’s by two digits, and the 3’s by three digits. What are the last three digits of this integer?
(A) 3 1 2 (B) 1 2 3 (C) 1 3 1 (D) 1 2 1 (E) 2 1 3
16. The area of square ABCD is 64. The midpoints of its sides A F B
are joined to form the square EFGH. The midpoints of its
sides are J, K, L, and M. The area of the shaded region is J K
(A) 32 (B) 24 (C) 20 E G

(D) 28 (E) 16 M L
D H C
17. In the diagram, the value of the height h is
(A) 6 (B) 9 (C) 10 20
(D) 12 (E) 15 h
25
18. In the diagram the five smaller rectangles are identical in A B
size and shape. The ratio of AB : BC is
(A) 3:2 (B) 2:1 (C) 5:2

(D) 5:3 (E) 4:3
D C
19. The year 2000 is a leap year. The year 2100 is not a leap year. The following are the complete rules
for determining a leap year:
(i) Year Y is not a leap year if Y is not divisible by 4.
(ii) Year Y is a leap year if Y is divisible by 4 but not by 100.
(iii) Year Y is not a leap year if Y is divisible by 100 but not by 400.
(iv) Year Y is a leap year if Y is divisible by 400.
How many leap years will there be from the years 2000 to 3000 inclusive?
(A) 240 (B) 242 (C) 243 (D) 244 (E) 251
20. A straight line is drawn across an 8 by 8 checkerboard. What is the greatest number of 1 by 1 squares
through which this line could pass?
(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 16 (D) 11 (E) 15
21. ABCD is a rectangle with AD = 10 . If the shaded area is A D

100, then the shortest distance between the semicircles is
(A) 2.5π (B) 5π (C) π

(D) 2.5π + 5 (E) 2.5π – 2.5
B C
22. A wooden rectangular prism has dimensions 4 by 5 by 6. This solid is painted green and then cut into
1 by 1 by 1 cubes. The ratio of the number of cubes with exactly two green faces to the number of cubes
with three green faces is
(A) 9 : 2 (B) 9 : 4 (C) 6 :1 (D) 3:1 (E) 5: 2
23. The left most digit of an integer of length 2000 digits is 3. In this integer, any two consecutive digits
must be divisible by 17 or 23. The 2000th digit may be either ‘a’ or ‘b’. What is the value of a + b ?
(A) 3 (B) 7 (C) 4 (D) 10 (E) 17
24. There are seven points on a piece of paper. Exactly four of these points are on a straight line. No other
line contains more than two of these points. Three of these seven points are selected to form the vertices
of a triangle. How many triangles are possible?
(A) 18 (B) 28 (C) 30 (D) 31 (E) 33

continued ...
25. ∆ ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC = 10 and A
BC = 12. The points S and R are on BC such that
BS : SR : RC = 1: 2:1. The midpoints of AB and AC are P and P Q
N
Q respectively. Perpendiculars are drawn from P and R to
M
SQ meeting at M and N respectively. The length of MN is
9 10 11
B S R C
(A) (B) (C)
13 13 13
12 5
(D) (E)
13 2
Canadian
Mathematics
Competition

The Great-West
Life Assurance
Company
IBM
Canada Ltd.
Northern Telecom
(Nortel)
Manulife
Financial
Canadian Institute
of Actuaries
Equitable Life
of Canada
Sybase
Inc. (Waterloo)

Instructions
the response form.
7. Scoring: Each correct answer is worth 5 credits in Part A, 6 credits in Part B, and 8 credits in Part C.
Part A: Each question is worth 5 credits.
4×4+4
1. The value of is
2×2–2
(A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 10 (D) 12 (E) 18
2. ( )
If k = 2 , then k 3 – 8 (k + 1) equals
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) – 6
3. If 4(♥)2 = 144 , then a value of ♥ is
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 12 (E) 18
4. (
Which of the following numbers divide exactly into 15 + 49 ? )
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 7 (E) 11
5. If 10% of 400 is decreased by 25, the result is

(A) 15 (B) 37.5 (C) 65 (D) 260 (E) 3975
6. In the diagram, a + b equals
(A) 10 (B) 85 (C) 110

(D) 170 (E) 190 110°
a° b°
60°
7. If 2 x – 1 = 5 and 3 y + 2 = 17 , then the value of 2 x + 3 y is
(A) 8 (B) 19 (C) 21 (D) 23 (E) 25
8. The average of four test marks was 60. The first three marks were 30, 55 and 65. What was the fourth
mark?
(A) 40 (B) 55 (C) 60 (D) 70 (E) 90
9. In the diagram, each small square is 1 cm by 1 cm. The area

of the shaded region, in square centimetres, is
(A) 2.75 (B) 3 (C) 3.25
(D) 4.5 (E) 6
10. 10 + 103 equals
(A) 2.0 × 103 (B) 8.0 × 103 (C) 4.0 × 101 (D) 1.0 × 10 4 (E) 1.01 × 103
Part B: Each question is worth 6 credits.
11. Today is Wednesday. What day of the week will it be 100 days from now?
(A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Thursday (D) Friday (E) Saturday
12. The time on a digital clock is 5:55. How many minutes will pass before the clock next shows a time
with all digits identical?
(A) 71 (B) 72 (C) 255 (D) 316 (E) 436
13. In Circle Land, the numbers 207 and 4520 are shown in the following way:
2 4
5
7 2
207 4520
In Circle Land, what number does the following diagram represent?
3
1
5
(A) 30 105 (B) 30 150 (C) 3105 (D) 3015 (E) 315
14. An 8 cm cube has a 4 cm square hole cut through its centre, 4 cm

cm
as shown. What is the remaining volume, in cm 3 ?

4
(A) 64 (B) 128 (C) 256

(D) 384 (E) 448 8 cm
8 cm
8 cm
15. For how many different values of k is the 4-digit number 7k 52 divisible by 12?
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4
16. In an election, Harold received 60% of the votes and Jacquie received all the rest. If Harold won by
24 votes, how many people voted?
(A) 40 (B) 60 (C) 72 (D) 100 (E) 120

17. In the parallelogram, the value of x is x°
(A) 30 (B) 50 (C) 70
(D) 80 (E) 150
150°
80°
18. In the diagram, AD < BC . What is the perimeter of ABCD? A 7 D
(A) 23 (B) 26 (C) 27

(D) 28 (E) 30 4 5
B C
19. The numbers 49, 29, 9, 40, 22, 15, 53, 33, 13, 47 are grouped in pairs so that the sum of each pair is
the same. Which number is paired with 15?
(A) 33 (B) 40 (C) 47 (D) 49 (E) 53
( )( )(
20. The units (ones) digit in the product (5 + 1) 53 + 1 56 + 1 512 + 1 is )
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 2 (D) 1 (E) 0
Part C: Each question is worth 8 credits.
21. A number is Beprisque if it is the only natural number between a prime number and a perfect square
(e.g. 10 is Beprisque but 12 is not). The number of two-digit Beprisque numbers (including 10) is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5
22. If w = 2129 × 381 × 5128 , x = 2127 × 381 × 5128 , y = 2126 × 382 × 5128 , and z = 2125 × 382 × 5129 , then
the order from smallest to largest is
(A) w, x, y, z (B) x, w, y, z (C) x, y, z, w (D) z, y, x, w (E) x, w, z, y
23. Al and Bert must arrive at a town 22.5 km away. They have one bicycle between them and must arrive
at the same time. Bert sets out riding at 8 km/h, leaves the bicycle and then walks at 5 km/h. Al walks
at 4 km/h, reaches the bicycle and rides at 10 km/h. For how many minutes was the bicycle not in
motion?
(A) 60 (B) 75 (C) 84 (D) 94 (E) 109
24. A number is formed using the digits 1, 2, ..., 9. Any digit can be used more than once, but adjacent digits
cannot be the same. Once a pair of adjacent digits has occurred, that pair, in that order, cannot be used
again. How many digits are in the largest such number?
(A) 72 (B) 73 (C) 144 (D) 145 (E) 91
continued ...
25. Two circles C1 and C2 touch each other externally and the m
line l is a common tangent. The line m is parallel to l and C3
touches the two circles C1 and C3 . The three circles are C1
mutually tangent. If the radius of C2 is 9 and the radius of
C3 is 4, what is the radius of C1? C2
l
(A) 10.4 (B) 11 (C) 8 2
(D) 12 (E) 7 3
Canadian
35 th
th Mathematics
Competition
Anniversary in Mathematics and Computing,
1963 – 1998 University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario

The Great-West
Life Assurance
Company
IBM
Canada Ltd.
Northern Telecom
(Nortel)
Manulife
Financial
Canadian Institute
of Actuaries
Equitable Life
of Canada
Sybase
Inc. (Waterloo)

Instructions
the response form.
7. Scoring: Each correct answer is worth 5 credits in Part A, 6 credits in Part B, and 8 credits in Part C.
1+ 3+ 5
1. The value of is
10 + 6 + 2
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) 2 (C) (D) 1 (E) 3
6 2 2 10
2. If 3( x – 5) = 3(18 – 5) , then x is
44 32
(A) (B) (C) 9 (D) 18 (E) 81
3 3
3. The pie chart shows a percentage breakdown of 1000 votes

in a student election. How many votes did Sue receive?
(A) 550 (B) 350 (C) 330 Sue Jim
20%
(D) 450 (E) 935
Jane
45%
4. The value of ( 169 – 25 )2 is

(A) 64 (B) 8 (C) 16 (D) 144 (E) 12
56 × 59 × 5
5. The value of is
53
(A) 518 (B) 2518 (C) 513 (D) 2513 (E) 551
6. If x = 3, which of the following expressions is an even number?

(A) 9x (B) x 3 (
(C) 2 x 2 + 9 ) (D) 2 x 2 + 9 (E) 3 x 2
7. The value of 490 – 491 + 492 – 493 + 494 – 495 + ... – 509 + 510 is
(A) 500 (B) –10 (C) –11 (D) 499 (E) 510
8. The average (mean) of a list of 10 numbers is 0. If 72 and –12 are added to the list, the new average
will be
(A) 30 (B) 6 (C) 0 (D) 60 (E) 5
9. What is one-half of 1.2 × 1030 ?

(A) 6.0 × 1030 (B) 6.0 × 10 29 (C) 0.6 × 530 (D) 1.2 × 1015 (E) 1.2 × 530
10. If x + y + z = 25 and y + z = 14, then x is

(A) 8 (B) 11 (C) 6 (D) – 6 (E) 31
11. The number in an unshaded square is obtained by adding the 5 6 x 7

numbers connected to it from the row above. (The ‘11’ is one
11
such number.) The value of x is
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 9
(D) 15 (E) 10 60
12. In the diagram, DA = CB . What is the measure of ∠ DAC? D

A
(A) 70° (B) 100° (C) 95°
(D) 125° (E) 110°
55° B
40°
70°
C
13. A three-wheeled vehicle travels 100 km. Two spare wheels are available. Each of the five wheels is
used for the same distance during the trip. For how many kilometres is each wheel used?
1
(A) 20 (B) 25 (C) 33 (D) 50 (E) 60
3
14. The sum of the digits of a five-digit positive integer is 2. (A five-digit integer cannot start with zero.)
The number of such integers is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5
15. Four points are on a line segment, as shown.

A B C D
If AB : BC = 1 : 2 and BC : CD = 8 : 5, then AB : BD
equals
(A) 4 : 13 (B) 1 : 13 (C) 1 : 7
(D) 3 : 13 (E) 4 : 17
16. On a rectangular table 5 units long and 2 units wide, a ball P 5 Q

is rolled from point P at an angle of 45° to PQ and bounces
off SR. The ball continues to bounce off the sides at 45° 2
until it reaches S. How many bounces of the ball are
required? S R
(A) 9 (B) 8 (C) 7
(D) 5 (E) 4
17. If 1998 = p s q t r u , where p, q and r are prime numbers, what is the value of p + q + r ?
(A) 222 (B) 48 (C) 42 (D) 66 (E) 122
18. In the diagram, DEFG is a square and ABCD is a rectangle. E F

A straight line is drawn from A, passes through C and meets H
FG at H. The area of the shaded region is
(A) 8 (B) 8.5 (C) 10 B C
(D) 9 (E) 10.5 1
A 2 D 4 G
19. Using only digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, a sequence is created as follows: one 1, two 2’s, three 3’s, four 4’s,
five 5’s, six 1’s, seven 2’s, and so on.
The sequence appears as: 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, ... .
The 100th digit in the sequence is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5
20. Driving between two towns at 110 km/h instead of 100 km/h saves 9 minutes. The distance in
kilometres between the two towns is
(A) 210 (B) 99 (C) 165 (D) 9900 (E) 150
21. Q is the point of intersection of the diagonals of one face of

a cube whose edges have length 2 units. The length of QR
is
Q
(A) 2 (B) 8 (C) 5
(D) 12 (E) 6
R
22. A deck of 100 cards is numbered from 1 to 100. Each card has the same number printed on both sides.
One side of each card is red and the other side is yellow. Barsby places all the cards, red side up, on
a table. He first turns over every card that has a number divisible by 2. He then examines all the cards,
and turns over every card that has a number divisible by 3. How many cards have the red side up when
Barsby is finished?
(A) 83 (B) 17 (C) 66 (D) 50 (E) 49
23. The numbers 123 456 789 and 999 999 999 are multiplied. How many of the digits in the final result
are 9’s?
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 17
24. Three rugs have a combined area of 200 m 2 . By overlapping the rugs to cover a floor area of 140 m 2 ,
the area which is covered by exactly two layers of rug is 24 m 2 . What area of floor is covered by
three layers of rug?
(A) 12 m 2 (B) 18 m 2 (C) 24 m 2 (D) 36 m 2 (E) 42 m 2
25. One way to pack a 100 by 100 square with 10 000 circles, each of diameter 1, is to put them in 100
rows with 100 circles in each row. If the circles are repacked so that the centres of any three tangent
circles form an equilateral triangle, what is the maximum number of additional circles that can be
packed?
(A) 647 (B) 1442 (C) 1343 (D) 1443 (E) 1344
Canadian
Mathematics
Competition
Pascal Contest(Grade 9)
© 1997 Waterloo Mathematics Foundation

2
1997 Pascal Contest
4 + 35
1. equals
8–5
11 7
(A) (B) 8 (C) (D) –12 (E) 13
7 2
4 ♥ 7
2. In the subtraction question 1 8 9, the ♥ represents the digit
2 6 8
(A) 2 (B) 8 (C) 7 (D) 5 (E) 4
1 11 111
3. The value of 2 +3 +4 is
10 100 1000
(A) 9.321 (B) 9.111 (C) 9.123 (D) 9.111111 (E) 9.11081081
4. (1)10 + ( –1)8 + ( –1)7 + (1)5 equals

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 16 (E) 4
5. If 60% of a number is 42, what is 50% of the same number?

(A) 25 (B) 28 (C) 30 (D) 35 (E) 40
6. ( )
If x = – 2, the value of ( x ) x 2   is
1
x
1
(A) 4 (B) – 8 (C) – 4 (D) – 8 (E) 16
2
7. In the diagram the triangle shown is isosceles with A

AB = AC . The value of x is
40°
(A) 40 (B) 55 (C) 35
(D) 50 (E) 35
x°
x°
B C
8. The greatest number of Mondays that can occur in the first 45 days of a year is
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8 (E) 9
9. When a certain number is divided by 9, the quotient is 6 and the remainder is 4. The number is
(A) 58 (B) 42 (C) 33 (D) 67 (E) 49
10. The sum of nine consecutive positive integers is 99. The largest of these integers is
(A) 9 (B) 11 (C) 19 (D) 7 (E) 15
3
1997 Pascal Contest
11. Twelve balloons are arranged in a circle as shown. A

L B
Counting clockwise, every third balloon is popped. C is the
K C
first one popped. This continues around the circle until two
unpopped balloons remain. The last two remaining J D
balloons are
(A) B, H (B) B, G (C) A, E I E
(D) E, J (E) F, K H F
G
12. The graph shows the number of students who Student Responses
selected each of five possible choices in
1200
Number of Students
responding to a question. The correct response
was the one most frequently chosen. The 1000
percentage of students who selected the correct 800
response was 600
(A) 14 (B) 56 (C) 50 400
(D) 11 (E) 44 200
A B C D E
Response
13. Janet has 10 coins consisting of nickels, dimes, and quarters. Seven of the coins are either dimes or
quarters, and eight of the coins are either dimes or nickels. How many dimes does Janet have?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) 6
14. In the game "TRISQUARE", three points are awarded for

each triangle found, and four points for each square. The
highest number of points that can be achieved for the given
diagram is
(A) 38 (B) 36 (C) 34
(D) 32 (E) 28
15. Each of the numers 1, 2, 3, and 4 is substituted, in some order for p, q, r, and s. The greatest possible
value of p q + r s is
(A) 14 (B) 19 (C) 66 (D) 83 (E) 162
4
1997 Pascal Contest
16. In the diagram, all triangles are equilateral. What fraction of A

∆ ABC is coloured black?
3 1 9
(A) (B) (C)
4 2 16
4 27
(D) (E)
9 64
B C
"Sierpinski Gasket"
17. The digits 1, 2, 3, 4 can be arranged to form twenty-four different four-digit numbers. If these
twenty-four numbers are then listed from the smallest to largest, in what position is 3142?
(A) 13th (B) 14th (C) 15th (D) 16th (E) 17th
18. The product of 20 50 and 50 20 is written as an integer in expanded form. The number of zeros at
the end of the resulting integer is
(A) 70 (B) 71 (C) 90 (D) 140 (E) 210
19. Three balls numbered 1, 2, and 3 are placed in a bag. A ball is drawn from the bag and the number
is recorded. The ball is returned to the bag. After this has been done three times, what is the
probability that the sum of the three recorded numbers is less than 8?
23 5 5 8 22
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
27 7 9 9 27
20. A beam of light shines from point S, reflects off a reflector at T

point P, and reaches point T so that PT is perpendicular to
RS . Then x is
(A) 26° (B) 32° (C) 37° x
(D) 38° (E) 45° P x 26°
R S
5
1997 Pascal Contest
21. In the diagram adjacent edges are at right angles. The four
longer edges are equal in length, and all of the shorter edges
are also equal in length. The area of the shape is 528. What
is the perimeter?
(A) 132 (B) 264 (C) 144
(D) 72 (E) 92
97 1
22. If =w+ , where w, x, y are all positive integers, then w + x + y equals
19 x+
1
y
(A) 16 (B) 17 (C) 18 (D) 19 (E) 26
23. Determine all ordered pairs that satisfy ( x – y ) + x 2 = 25, where x and y are integers and x ≥ 0.
2
The number of different values of y that occur is

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 7
24. Two ships, one 200 metres in length and the other 100 metres in length, travel at constant but different
speeds. When travelling in opposite directions, it takes 10 seconds for them to completely pass each
other. When travelling in the same direction, it takes 25 seconds for them to completely pass each
other. The speed of the faster ship, in metres per second, is
(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 18 (D) 21 (E) 30
25. In the diagram, the right prism has quadrilateral base EFGH A
15
with right angles at E and G. The height AE is 32. The B
distance from A to G is 20 15
(A) 41 (B) 40 (C) 34
(D) 36 (E) 44 D C
E
32 F
H G
20

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The CENTRE for EDUCATION

in MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING

Time: 60 minutes ©2018 University of Waterloo

Part A: Each correct answer is worth 5.

1. The expression 2 × 3 + 2 × 3 equals

3. In the diagram, some of the hexagons are shaded. What

4. Yesterday, each student at Pascal C.I. was given a snack.

6. If 4x + 14 = 8x − 48, what is the value of 2x?

What is the sum of the lengths of P S and T V ?

10. Three 1 × 1 × 1 cubes are joined face to face in a single

Part B: Each correct answer is worth 6.

11. In a magic square, the numbers in each row, the numbers

12. In the diagram, P R and QS meet at X. Also, Q

14. Many of the students in M. Gamache’s class brought a skateboard or a bicycle to

17. Hagrid has 100 animals. Among these animals,

18. In the diagram, each of 4QP T , 4QT S and Q

23. A path of length 14 m consists of 7 unshaded stripes, each of length 1 m, alternating

25. In the diagram, P R and QS intersect at V . Also, W is

Visit our website cemc.uwaterloo.ca to find

Time: 60 minutes ©2017 University of Waterloo

Part A: Each correct answer is worth 5.

5. If 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 7 × 9 = 3 × 3 × 7 × n × n, what is a possible value of n?

6. In the diagram, 18 identical 1 × 2 rectangles are put

(A) 5.25 (B) 5.5 (C) 4.5 (D) 4.75 (E) 5

Part B: Each correct answer is worth 6.

(A) 18 (B) 50 (C) 25 (D) 200 (E) 100

18. In the diagram, 4P QR has ∠P QR = 120◦ . Also, ∠QP S = ∠RP S and

19. On Monday, Mukesh travelled x km at a constant speed of 90 km/h. On Tuesday,

20. In the diagram, P QRST is a pentagon with P Q = 8,

Part C: Each correct answer is worth 8.

The area of the shaded region is closest to

• P.J. sets r equal to the remainder when m is divided by n.

For example, when n = 8, P.J. obtains r = 4, s = 0, and t = 0. For how many of

Visit our website cemc.uwaterloo.ca to find

Time: 60 minutes ©2016 University of Waterloo

Part A: Each correct answer is worth 5.

2. In the diagram, how many 1 × 1 squares are shaded in

3. In the diagram, the ratio of the number of shaded

4. Which of the following is closest in value to 7?

6. At six different times on Canada Day in 2016, the

The graph to the right shows these results. During

(A) 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. 200

(C) 11:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.

Part B: Each correct answer is worth 6.

12. A small square is drawn inside a larger square as shown.

(A) 64 (B) 49 (C) 36 3

18. Given two different numbers on a number line, the

19. In the diagram, M is the midpoint of Y Z, ∠XM Z = 30◦ ,

Part C: Each correct answer is worth 8.

Guess Number of Matching Digits

What is the sum of all of the possibilities for Sam’s number?

Visit our website cemc.uwaterloo.ca to find

Time: 60 minutes ©2015 University of Waterloo

Part A: Each correct answer is worth 5.

1. The result of the addition shown is

2. Which of the following has the largest value?