9/27/2018

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
AND TECHNOLOGY
1st Assignment

Sub Campus Rawalpindi

TOPIC:- MONITORS AND ITS TYPES

Asma Farooq
BSCS -I (SECTION B)
 MONITORS AND ITS TYPES

Monitors:-
A computer monitor, technically termed as a visual display unit, can be
plainly described as an electronic device that transmits information from the
computer onto a screen, thereby acting as an interface and connecting the
viewer with the computer. At present, computer monitors are available in a
variety of shapes, designs, and colors.
In general, two types of monitors are used with PCs. The first is the typical
monitor that comes with most desktop computers; it looks a lot like a television
screen and works in such the same way. This type of monitor uses a large
vacuum tube, called a cathode ray tube (CRT). The second type, known as a
flat-panel display, was used primarily with portable computers in the past.
Today, flat-panel monitors are a popular feature with desktop computers.
All monitors can be categorized by the way they display colors:
 Monochrome monitors display only one color (such as green,
amber or white) against a contrasting background, which is
usually black. These monitors are used for text-only displays
where the user does not need to see color graphics.
 Grayscale monitors display varying intensities of gray (from
a very light gray to black) against a white or off-white
background and are essentially a type of monochrome
monitor. Grayscale flat-panel displays are used in low-end
portable systems especially handheld computers to keep
costs down.
 Color monitors can display between 16 colors and 16 million
colors. Today, most new monitors display in color. Many color
monitors can be sent to work in monochrome or grayscale
mode.

Types of Monitors
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 CRT Monitors:-
CRT stands for Cathode Ray Tube. These monitors employ the CRT
technology used most commonly in the
manufacturing of television screens. In this, a
stream of intense high energy electrons is used
to form images on a fluorescent screen. A
cathode ray tube is a basically a vacuum tube
containing an electron gun at one end and a
fluorescent screen at another end. From this
electron gun, a process called thermionic
emission generates a strong beam of electrons.
These electrons travel through a narrow path
within the tube with high speed using various
electro-magnetic devices and finally strike the
phosphor points present on the fluorescent screen, thus creating an image.
There are several advantages of using CRT monitors:
 These monitors are highly reliable and efficient, and are capable of generating
a resolution of up to 2048 x 1536 pixels, thereby providing a clear picture quality.
Also, CRT monitors that are now available are capable of producing thousands
of different colors.
 Secondly, CRT monitors are affordable and cost effective.
 Unlike conventional CRT monitors, modern technological advancements have
resulted in the development of flat screen CRT monitors that reduce the glare
and are good for the eyes.
However, the only concern with buying CRT monitors is that they are heavy and
can occupy a great deal of work space. Also, these devices get heated up very
easily.

Flat-Panel Monitors:-
Although flat-panel monitors have been used primarily on portable
computers, a new generation of large, high-resolution, flat-panel displays is
gaining popularity among users of desktop systems. These new monitors
provide the same viewable area as CRT monitors, but they take up less desk
space and run cooler than traditional CRT monitors.

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 LCD Monitors:-
Liquid crystal display (LCD), also known as liquid crystal diode, is one of
the most advanced technologies available at
present. Typically, an LCD monitor consists of a
layer of color or monochrome pixels arranged
schematically between a couple of transparent
electrodes and two polarizing filters. Optical
effect is achieved by polarizing the light in
varied amounts and making it pass through the
liquid crystal layer. At present, there are two
types of LCD technology available. These
include the active matrix or TFT and a passive
matrix technology. Among these, TFT technology is more secure and reliable,
and generates better picture quality. On the other hand, passive matrix has a
slow response time and is slowly becoming outdated.
In recent times, LCD monitors have become increasing popular with
consumers. Some major advantages of using an LCD monitor include:
 These monitors are compact, lightweight, and do not consume much desk
space.
 Secondly, these monitors do not consume much electricity and can even be
operated by using batteries.
 Also, the images transmitted by these monitors do not get geometrically
distorted and have little flicker.
However, LCD monitors do have certain disadvantages. Most importantly,
these monitors are very expensive. Secondly, image quality is not constant
when viewed from different angles. Also, an LCD monitor’s resolution is always
constant. Any alterations can result in a reduced performance.

LED Monitors:-
LED stands for Light Emitting Diodes. LED
monitors are the latest types of monitors in
the market today. Like LCD, it is again a flat
panel display making use of light-emitting
diodes for back-lightning instead of Cold
Cathode Fluorescent (CCFL) back-lightning
used in LCDs. Primarily, the display is of
LCD only but the back-lightning is done by
LEDs.

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 LED monitors are said to use much lesser power than CRT and LCD. Thus,
they are also considered environmental friendly. Other core advantages of LED
monitors are:
1. They produce images with higher contrast
2. They have less negative environmental impact when disposed
3. Lifespan and durability of LED monitors is more than CRT or LCD monitors
4. Because of the technology, the monitor panels can be made very thin
5. Do not produce much heat while running
LED monitors are little expensive than the former types. There are multiple
ways by which LED back-lightning is done.
 White-edge LEDs are fixed around the rim of the monitor. It used a special
diffusion panel to spread light evenly behind the screen.
 An array of LEDs are placed behind the screen. Their brightness is not
controlled individually.
 Again an array of LEDs are placed behind the screen, but the brightness of
each individual LED is controlled separately.

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