Basics of The RET-670:: Ret-670 Relay Calculation Procedure

RET-670 RELAY CALCULATION PROCEDURE
Basics of the RET-670: In RET-670, either the Differential current or bias current refers to the
HV Side only and always convert the LV Side currents to HV Side and the corresponding factors
to be multiplied depends on the Vector group correction.
For the phase reference, first winding with Set Star (Y) connection is always used. For Eg:
If the power transformer is Yd1, The HV Winding (Y) is taken as the phase reference winding. If
the Power transformer is Dy1, then the LV winding (Y) is taken for the phase reference. If there
is no star connected winding, such as Dd0 type of power transformers, then the HV delta winding
(D) is automatically chosen as the phase reference winding.
Differential Calculation:
Case1: Suppose the vector group is Dy1, then Multiplication factor on HV Side is (i.e. Δ Side) is:
Similarly the multiplication factor on LV Side is:
So, the matrix will be as follows:
Where A = and B =
IL1_W1, IL2_W1, IL3_W1 ----- HV side currents.

IL1_W2, IL2_W2, IL3_W2 ----- LV side currents.
UNW2 ---- LV side voltage
UNW1 ---- HV side voltage
Case2: Suppose the vector group is Dy11, then Multiplication factor on HV Side is (i.e. Δ Side) is:
Similarly the multiplication factor on LV Side is:
So, the matrix will be as follows:
Where A = and B =

Bias Current Calculation: Bias current is the Maximum of either HV or LV Side current referred
to HV Side only.
Assume the transformer details as follows:
MVA = 16 MVA. HV Rated Voltage = 15.75KV LV Rated Voltage = 6.9KV
HV CTR = 750/1. LV CTR = 1600/1.
Vector Group = Dyn1.
A) Full Load Current Calculation: Formulae: P = √3 * V *I.
HV Side Full Load Current = 16M / (√3 * 15.75K) = 586.5 Amp.

LV Side Full Load Current = 16M / (√3 * 6.9K) = 1338.7 Amp.
HV Side Full Load Current in terms of Secondary = 586.5 / (750/1) = 0.782 Amp.
LV Side Full Load Current in terms of Secondary = 1338.7 / (1600/1) = 0.8367 Amp.
B) Relay Settings and Pickup: As per the Relay Settings,

Id min = 0.2Ib; End Section1 = 1.25; End Section2 = 3; Slope2 = 40% and Slope3 = 80%.
HV Side Pickup: Pickup = 0.2 Ib

Case1: 3 Phase Pickup
So, Pickup value = 0.2 * 586.5 = 117.3 Amp. ---- In terms of primary.
= 117.3 / (750) = 0.156 Amp ---- In terms of Secondary.
Case2: 1 Phase Pickup - With Zero Seq Elimination Off.

So, Pickup value = 0.2 * 586.5 * √3 = 203.16 Amp. ---- In terms of primary.
= 203.16 / (750/1) = 0.271 Amp ---- In terms of Secondary.
Case3: 1 Phase Pickup - With Zero Seq Elimination on.

So, Pickup value = 0.2 * 586.5 * √3 * 3/2 = 304.75 Amp. ---- In terms of primary.
= 304.75 / (750/1) = 0.406 Amp ---- In terms of Secondary
LV Side Pickup: Pickup = 0.2 Ib

Case1: 3 Phase Pickup
Case2: 1 Phase Pickup - With Zero Seq Elimination Off.

Case3: 1 Phase Pickup - With Zero Seq Elimination on.

So, Pickup value = 0.3 * 1338.7 * 3/2 * = 602.41 Amp. ---- In terms of primary.
= 602.41 / (1600/1) = 0.376 Amp ---- In terms of Secondary
C) Slope Calculation:
Bias Calculation: For this calculation we have to take LV winding as the reference, because LV
winding is the Y connected.
Voltage compensation factor for conversion of HV Side current to the LV side is: C.F = VLV/VHV.
= 6.9 /15.75 = 0.4381.
In the LV Winding which is the Y connected, Zero Sequence reduction set is on.
So, the matrix for the LV Side Current =
Similarly the matrix for HV Side current (with 30° lead) =
For the Vector Group 1:
b
B Y
I Vec x, LV = 1/ √3 * (((Ix) - (Ix-1), LV)) ----- with Zero Sequence Elimination.
I Vec x, LV = 1/ √3 * (((Ix) - (Ix-1), LV)) + I0 -----Without Zero Sequence Elimination.
Where x= r, y and b phases respectively.
Second Slope First Point: We are injecting 1.5 times of full load current in both HV and LV Side.
Bias Current calculation:

HV Side current = 1.5 * 0.782 = 1.173 Amp. --- In terms of secondary.
HV Side current = 1.173 * 750 = 879.75 Amp --- In terms of primary.
LV Side current = 1.5 * 0.8367 = 1.255 Amp. --- In terms of secondary.
LV Side current = 1.255 * 1600 = 2008 Amp – In terms of primary.
Converting LV Current to HV Side = 2008 * VLV/VHV = 2008 * 6.9 / 15.75 = 879.69 Amp.
Bias Current is always the Max current of either HV or LV referred to the HV Side
only
So, Bias Current = Max (879.75, 879.69) = 879.75 Amp.
Ib2 = 879.75 Amp.
Differential Current calculation:

Bias Current Ib2 in terms of the rated current = 879.75 / 586.50 = 1.5 Amp.
So, as per the differential curve, Slope = Δ Diff
Δ Bias
0.4 = (x-0.2)/ (1.5-1.25) ---- i.e. X = 0.3. ---- Which is Id2
So, Id2 = 0.3.
In terms of the rated current in primary = 0.3 * 586.5 = 175.95 Amp.

Id2 = 175.95 Amp.
I.e. if the Differential current reaches 175.95 Amp in primary, relay will trip in Slope2.
So, Expected operating Current in LV Side with fixing 1.5 * Rated current in HV Side =
879.75 + X (6.9/15.75) = 175.95------ Then X = 1606.25 Amp ----- In primary.
= 1606.25 / 1600 = 1.00 A --- In Secondary.
Slope2 Check Procedure: Inject 1.5 times of the rated current in the HV Side i.e. 1.173 Amp.
Gradually reduce the current in LV Side from 1.5 times of rated current i.e. 1.255 Amp at 150°
such that relay operates.
Calculated Operating current = 1.0 Amp.

Actual operating current = _____________________
Second Slope Second Point: We are injecting 3 times of full load current in both HV and LV
Side.
HV Side current = 3 * 0.782 = 2.346 Amp. --- In terms of secondary.
HV Side current = 2.346 * 750 = 1759.5 Amp --- In terms of primary.
LV Side current = 3 * 0.8367 = 2.5101 Amp. --- In terms of secondary.
LV Side current = 2.5101 * 1600 = 4016.16 Amp – In terms of primary.
Converting LV Current to HV Side = 4016.16 * VLV/VHV = 4016.16 * 6.9 / 15.75 = 1759.4 Amp.
only
So, Bias Current = Max (1759.5, 1759.4) = 1759.5 Amp.
Ib2 = 1759.5 Amp.

Bias Current Ib2 in terms of the rated current = 1759.5 / 586.50 = 3.0
Δ Bias
In the previous Case, I bias2 = 1.5 and I diff3 = 0.3
0.4 = (X-0.3) / (3.0 – 1.5) i.e. X = 0.9. ---- Which is Id2
So, Id2 = 0.9.

Id2 = 527.85 Amp.
So, Expected operating Current in LV Side with fixing 3 * Rated current in HV Side =
1759.5 + X (6.9/15.75) = 527.85------ Then X = 2811.37 Amp ----- In primary.
= 2811.37 / 1600 = 1.757 A --- In Secondary.
Slope 2 Second point Check Procedure: Inject 3 times of the rated current in the HV Side i.e.
2.346 Amp.
Gradually reduce the current in LV Side from 3 times of rated current i.e. 2.5101 Amp at 150°

Slope3 Point: We are injecting 4 times of full load current in both HV and LV Side.

HV Side current = 4 * 0.782 = 3.128 Amp. --- In terms of secondary.
HV Side current = 3.128 * 750 = 2346 Amp --- In terms of primary.
LV Side current = 4 * 0.8367 = 3.3468 Amp. --- In terms of secondary.
LV Side current = 3.3468 * 1600 = 5354.88 Amp – In terms of primary.
Converting LV Current to HV Side = 5354.88 * VLV/VHV = 5354.88 * 6.9 / 15.75 = 2345.90 Amp.
only
So, Bias Current = Max (2346, 2345.9) = 2345.9 Amp.
Ib3 = 2345.9 Amp.

Bias Current Ib3 in terms of the rated current = 2346 / 586.50 = 4.0
Δ Bias
In the previous Case, I bias2 = 3.0 and I diff3 = 0.9
0.8 = (X-0.9) / (4.0 – 3) i.e. X = 1.7. ---- Which is Id3
So, Id3 = 1.7.

Id2 = 997.05 Amp.
So, Expected operating Current in LV Side with fixing 4 * Rated current in HV Side =
2346 + X (6.9/15.75) = 997.05------ Then X = 3079.12 Amp ----- In primary.
= 3079.12 / 1600 = 1.924A --- In Secondary.
Slope 3 point Check Procedure: Inject 4 times of the rated current in the HV Side i.e. 3.128 Amp.
Gradually reduce the current in LV Side from 4 times of rated current i.e. 3.3468 Amp at 150°
Calculation of the Differential Current:

For Differential current calculation we are taking the Example of the Differential current
calculation at 4 times of the rated current in the HV Side.
Injected Current in HV Side = 3.128 Amp.
Injected Current in LV Side = 1.924 Amp.
Where A = and B =

SO, for ID1 = (IL1_W1-IL3_W1)/√3 + (6.9/15.75) (1/3) (2IL1_W2-IL2_W2-IL3_W2)
= (2346@0° - 2346@120°)/√3 + 0.146 (6156.8@150°- 3078.4@390°-3078.4@270°)

= 2346@-30° + 1348.34@150°
= 997.6@-30°.
So, ID1 = 997.6 @ -30°
Stability Calculation at the 4 times of the Rated Current:

Inject 4 times of the rated current in both HV and LV Side of the Transformer.
HV Side Injected Current = 4 * 586.5 = 2346 Amp.
LV Side Injected current = 4*1338.7 = 5354.8 Amp. At 150° phase shift.
So, Bias Current = Max (2346, 5354.8 * 6.9 /15.75) = 2346 Amp.
Id1 = (2346@0° - 2346@120°)/√3 + 0.146 (10709.6@150°- 5354.8@390°-5354.8@270°)
= 2346@-30° +2345.4@150 = 0.599 @-30°.
Vector Group Correction Check:

Inject 4 times of the rated current in LV Side R phase. Correspondingly current to be injected in
the HV Side =
(As per the vector group LV Current in Rph reflects in Rph and Bph in HV Side.)
To maintain the stability, Currents to be injected in HV Side is: (4*1338.7*6.9)/ (15.75*√3)
= 1354.441 Amp.
In terms of relay secondary = 1354.441 / 750 = 1.805 Amp.
Injected currents in HV Side = Rph = 1.805@180°, Yph =0 and Bph = 1.805@0°.
Injected currents in LV Side = Rph = 3.346@0°.
So, Bias Current = Max (1354, 5354.8 *(2/3)* 6.9 /15.75) = 1563.59 Amp.
Id1 = (1354.44@180° - 1354.44@0°)/√3 + 0.146 (10709.6)
= 0.42.

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RET-670 RELAY CALCULATION PROCEDURE

Similarly the multiplication factor on LV Side is:

So, the matrix will be as follows:

IL1_W1, IL2_W1, IL3_W1 ----- HV side currents.

Similarly the multiplication factor on LV Side is:

So, the matrix will be as follows:

IL1_W1, IL2_W1, IL3_W1 ----- HV side currents.

HV Side Full Load Current = 16M / (√3 * 15.75K) = 586.5 Amp.

B) Relay Settings and Pickup: As per the Relay Settings,

HV Side Pickup: Pickup = 0.2 Ib

Case2: 1 Phase Pickup - With Zero Seq Elimination Off.

Case3: 1 Phase Pickup - With Zero Seq Elimination on.

LV Side Pickup: Pickup = 0.2 Ib

Case2: 1 Phase Pickup - With Zero Seq Elimination Off.

Case3: 1 Phase Pickup - With Zero Seq Elimination on.

Similarly the matrix for HV Side current (with 30° lead) =

For the Vector Group 1:

I Vec x, LV = 1/ √3 * (((Ix) - (Ix-1), LV)) ----- with Zero Sequence Elimination.

I Vec x, LV = 1/ √3 * (((Ix) - (Ix-1), LV)) + I0 -----Without Zero Sequence Elimination.

Where x= r, y and b phases respectively.

Bias Current calculation:

Differential Current calculation:

0.4 = (x-0.2)/ (1.5-1.25) ---- i.e. X = 0.3. ---- Which is Id2

So, Id2 = 0.3.

In terms of the rated current in primary = 0.3 * 586.5 = 175.95 Amp.

Calculated Operating current = 1.0 Amp.

Differential Current calculation:

In the previous Case, I bias2 = 1.5 and I diff3 = 0.3

0.4 = (X-0.3) / (3.0 – 1.5) i.e. X = 0.9. ---- Which is Id2

So, Id2 = 0.9.

In terms of the rated current in primary = 0.9 * 586.5 = 527.85 Amp.

Calculated Operating current = 1.757 Amp.

Bias Current calculation:

Differential Current calculation:

In the previous Case, I bias2 = 3.0 and I diff3 = 0.9

0.8 = (X-0.9) / (4.0 – 3) i.e. X = 1.7. ---- Which is Id3

So, Id3 = 1.7.

In terms of the rated current in primary = 1.7 * 586.5 = 997.05 Amp.

Calculated Operating current = 1.924 Amp.

Actual operating current = _____________________

Calculation of the Differential Current:

IL1_W1, IL2_W1, IL3_W1 ----- HV side currents.

SO, for ID1 = (IL1_W1-IL3_W1)/√3 + (6.9/15.75) (1/3) (2IL1_W2-IL2_W2-IL3_W2)

= (2346@0° - 2346@120°)/√3 + 0.146 (6156.8@150°- 3078.4@390°-3078.4@270°)

Stability Calculation at the 4 times of the Rated Current:

Vector Group Correction Check:

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