Slides VB Inz MM 04 Matr
Slides VB Inz MM 04 Matr
Slides VB Inz MM 04 Matr
baltic@ viser.edu.rs
04. termin
Matrice
Matrice
Teorijski uvod
ili
ili
Oznake za determinantu:
Oznake za matricu:
ili
ili
Oznake za determinantu:
A, B ⇒ C = A · B.
m×p p×n m×n
Proizvod matrica A i B je definisan samo ako:
A, B ⇒ C = A · B.
m×p p×n m×n
Elementi matrice C su
p
X
cij = ai1 b1j + ai2 b2j + . . . + aip bpj = aik bkj
k=1
U sluqaju da vaжi
A·B =B·A
A·B =B·A
A · (B · C) = (A · B) · C
Za mnoжeƬe matrica vaжi asocijativnost:
A · (B · C) = (A · B) · C
Jediniqna matrica je
1
1
..
0
I= . .
1
0 1
Jediniqna matrica je
1
1
..
0
I= . .
1
0 1
Za Ƭu vaжi:
X ·I =X i I · X = X.
Za Ƭu vaжi:
X ·I =X i I · X = X.
A−1 · A = A · A−1 = I.
Za inverznu matricu A−1 kvadratne
matrice A vaжi
A−1 · A = A · A−1 = I.
A−1 · A = A · A−1 = I.
det(A) 6= 0.
Tada je
−1 1
A = · adj A.
det(A)
DEFINICIJA:
Submatrica matrice A se dobija tako xto
u A odbacimo neke vrste i/ili kolone.
DEFINICIJE:
Submatrica matrice A se dobija tako xto
u A odbacimo neke vrste i/ili kolone.
1.
Date su matrice A3×2 , B2×3 , C3×2 i D3×2 .
Koje od sledeih operacija su definisane?
a) A + B T ; b) AB; v) BA; g) A−1 ;
d) AB + CD; ) AB + CDT ; e) AB + C T D.
2. Izraqunati M = AB + 2C ako je
1 −2 2
3 0 2 0 2 −1 1
A = 0 1 2 1, B = −1 1
i
2
2 3 0 0
2 2 −1
−2 0 −3
C= 0 6 −3.
5 −2 8
RexeƬe. M = AB + 2C
1 −2 2
3 0 2 0 −2 0 −3
2 −1 1
A = 0 1 2 1 , B= , C = 0 6 −3
−1 1 2
2 3 0 0 5 −2 8
2 2 −1
1 −2 2
3 0 2 0 1 −4 10
2 −1 1
AB = 0 1 2 1 ·
−1 1 2
= 2 3 4 ,
2 3 0 0 8 −7 7
2 2 −1
RexeƬe. M = AB + 2C
1 −2 2
3 0 2 0 −2 0 −3
2 −1 1
A = 0 1 2 1 , B= , C = 0 6 −3
−1 1 2
2 3 0 0 5 −2 8
2 2 −1
1 −2 2
3 0 2 0 1 −4 10
2 −1 1
AB = 0 1 2 1 ·
−1 1 2
= 2 3 4 ,
2 3 0 0 8 −7 7
2 2 −1
3 · 1 + 0 · 2 + 2 · (−1) + 0 · 2 = 3 + 0 − 2 + 0 = 1.
0 · 2 + 1 · 1 + 2 · 2 + 1 · (−1) = 0 + 1 + 4 − 1 = 4.
RexeƬe.
1 −2 2
3 0 2 0 1 −4 10
2 −1 1
AB = 0 1 2 1 · −1 1 2 = 2 3 4 ,
2 3 0 0 8 −7 7
2 2 −1
−2 0 −3 −4 0 −6
2C = 2 · 0 6 −3 = 0 12 −6,
5 −2 8 10 −4 16
RexeƬe.
1 −2 2
3 0 2 0 1 −4 10
2 −1 1
AB = 0 1 2 1 · −1 1 2 = 2 3 4 ,
2 3 0 0 8 −7 7
2 2 −1
−2 0 −3 −4 0 −6
2C = 2 · 0 6 −3 = 0 12 −6,
5 −2 8 10 −4 16
M = AB + 2C
1 −4 10 −4 0 −6 −3 −4 4
M = 2 3 4 + 0 12 −6 = 2 15 −2 .
8 −7 7 10 −4 16 18 −11 23
3. Ako je AT = [2 4 6], tada je AAT =
i AT A =
3. AT = [2 4 6], AAT =? i AT A =?
2
RexeƬe. A · AT = 4 · [2 4 6] =
6
3×1 1×3 3×3
3. AT = [2 4 6], AAT =? i AT A =?
2 4 8 12
RexeƬe. A · AT = 4 · [2 4 6] = 8 16 24
6 12 24 36
3×1 1×3 3×3
3. AT = [2 4 6], AAT =? i AT A =?
2 4 8 12
RexeƬe. A · AT = 4 · [2 4 6] = 8 16 24
6 12 24 36
3×1 1×3 3×3
2
AT A = [2 4 6] · 4 = [ ]
6
1×3 3×1 1×1
3. AT = [2 4 6], AAT =? i AT A =?
2 4 8 12
RexeƬe. A · AT = 4 · [2 4 6] = 8 16 24
6 12 24 36
3×1 1×3 3×3
2
AT A = [2 4 6] · 4 = [ 56 ]
6
1×3 3×1 1×1
3. AT = [2 4 6], AAT =? i AT A =?
2 4 8 12
RexeƬe. A · AT = 4 · [2 4 6] = 8 16 24
6 12 24 36
3×1 1×3 3×3
2
AT A = [2 4 6] · 4 = [ 56 ]
6
1×3 3×1 1×1
4. Ako je C = A3×2 Ba×5 , onda je a=
i matrica C je tipa .
4. Ako je C = A3×2 Ba×5 , onda je a= 2
i matrica C je tipa .
4. Ako je C = A3×2 Ba×5 , onda je a= 2
i matrica C je tipa 3 × 5 .
5. Odrediti inverznu matricu A−1 matrice
1 1 −1
A = 2 1 0 .
1 −1 1
RexeƬe.
1 1 −1
|A| = 2 1 0
1 −1 1
RexeƬe.
1 1 −1 1 1
|A| = 2 1 0 2 1 =
1 −1 1 1 −1
1 + 0 + 2 − (−1) + 0 + 2 = 2.
RexeƬe.
1 1 −1 1 1
|A| = 2 1 0 2 1 =
1 −1 1 1 −1
1 + 0 + 2 − (−1) + 0 + 2 = 2.
+− +
−+ −
+− +
Kofaktori su:
1 0 2 0 2 1
A11 = + =1 A12 = − = −2 A13 = + = −3
−1 1 1 1 1 −1
1 −1 1 −1 1 1
A21 = − = 0 A22 = +
1 1 = 2
A23 = − =2
−1 1 1 −1
1 −1 1 −1 1 1
A31 = + =1 A32 = − = −2 A33 = + = −1
1 0 2 0 2 1
+ − + 1 1 −1
− + − A = 2 1 0
+ − + 1 −1 1
Kofaktori su
1 0 2 0 2 1
A11 = + =1 A12 = − = −2 A13 = + = −3
−1 1 1 1 1 −1
1 −1 1 −1 1 1
A21 = − = 0 A22 = + =2 A23 = − =2
−1 1 1 1 1 −1
1 −1 1 −1 1 1
A31 = + =1 A32 = − = −2 A33 = + = −1
1 0 2 0 2 1
Adjungovana matrica je
T
1 −2 −3 1 0 1
adj A = 0 2 2 = −2 2 −2.
1 −2 −1 −3 2 −1
Adjungovana matrica je
T
1 −2 −3 1 0 1
adj A = 0 2 2 = −2 2 −2.
1 −2 −1 −3 2 −1
Inverzna matrica je
1 1
1 0 1 0 2
1 1 2
A−1 = adj A = −2 2 −2= −1 1 −1 .
|A| 2
−3 2 −1 − 23 1 − 12
Napomena. Provera: A · A−1 = I.
1 1
1 1 −1 2 0 2 1 0 0
2 1 0 · −1 1 −1 = 0 1 0.
1 −1 1 − 23 1 − 12 0 0 1
6. 2. februar 2018. A gr.
2 −1
Neka su date matrice A= i
−7 3
−1 2
B= i I oznaqava jediniqnu matricu
0 2
istog reda kao i A. Odrediti matricu
C = 2A−1 + B · (A − I)T .
Da li je matrica C regularna?
2 −1 −1 2
6. A = iB= .
−7 3 0 2
Odrediti C = 2A−1 + B · (A − I)T .
Da li je C regularna?
h i h i
−3 −1 1 −7
Rezultati. A−1 = −7 −2, (A−I)T = −1 2 ,
2 −1 −1 2
6. A = iB= .
−7 3 0 2
Odrediti C = 2A−1 + B · (A − I)T .
Da li je C regularna?
h i h i
−3 −1 1 −7
Rezultati. A−1 = −7 , (A−I)T = −1 2 ,
−2
h i h i h i
−6 −2 −3 11 −9 9
2A−1 = −14 −4 , B ·(A−I) T
= −2 4 , C = −16 0 .
2 −1 −1 2
6. A = iB= .
−7 3 0 2
Odrediti C = 2A−1 + B · (A − I)T .
Da li je C regularna?
h i h i
−3 −1 1 −7
Rezultati. A−1 = −7 , (A−I)T = −1 2 ,
−2
h i h i h i
−6 −2 −3 11 −9 9
2A−1 = −14 −4 , B ·(A−I) T
= −2 4 , C = −16 0 .
A·X =B
7. Rexiti matriqnu jednaqinu
1 1 −1
1 −1 3
2 1 0
· X =
4 3 2
.
1 −1 1
1 −2 5
A·X =B / A−1 ·
−→
RexeƬe. Moжemo napisati kao
A·X =B / A−1 ·
−→
A·X =B / A−1 ·
−→
A−1 · A · X = A−1 · B,
I · X = A−1 · B,
RexeƬe. Moжemo napisati kao
A·X =B / A−1 ·
−→
A−1 · A · X = A−1 · B,
I · X = A−1 · B,
X = A−1 · B.
U zadatku 5 smo dobili A−1 .
3
1 0 1
1 −1 3
1 − 4
1
2
X=
−2 2 −2
·
4 3 2
=
2 6 −6
.
2
−3 2 −1
1 −2 5
2 11 2 −5
8. 5. I kol 2017-8. 3. gr.
Rexiti matriqnu jednaqinu
CX + X = 2C + 3X,
−2 −3
pri qemu je C = .
2 3
8. 5. I kol 2017-8. 3. gr.
Rexiti matriqnu jednaqinu
CX + X = 2C + 3X,
−2 −3
pri qemu je C = .
2 3
RexeƬe. CX + X − 3X = 2C, tj.
CX − 2X = 2C
8. 5. I kol 2017-8. 3. gr.
Rexiti matriqnu jednaqinu
CX + X = 2C + 3X,
−2 −3
pri qemu je C = .
2 3
RexeƬe. CX + X − 3X = 2C, tj.
CX − 2X = 2C X(C − 2) = 2C
8. 5. I kol 2017-8. 3. gr.
Rexiti matriqnu jednaqinu
CX + X = 2C + 3X,
−2 −3
pri qemu je C = .
2 3
RexeƬe. CX + X − 3X = 2C, tj.
CX − 2X = 2C X(C − 2) = 2C
desno levo matr broj
8. 5. I kol 2017-8. 3. gr.
Rexiti matriqnu jednaqinu
CX + X = 2C + 3X,
−2 −3
pri qemu je C = .
2 3
RexeƬe. CX + X − 3X = 2C, tj.
CX − 2X = 2C X(C − 2) = 2C
desno levo matr broj
8. 5. I kol 2017-8. 3. gr.
Rexiti matriqnu jednaqinu
CX + X = 2C + 3X,
−2 −3
pri qemu je C = .
2 3
RexeƬe. CX + X − 3X = 2C, tj.
CX − 2X = 2C X(C − 2) = 2C
desno levo matr broj
CX − 2X = 2C X(C − 2) = 2C
desno levo matr broj
CX − 2X = 2C X(C − 2) = 2C
desno levo matr broj
Rezultati. XA− X = A,
X(A
− I) =A,
2 1 0 2 −1 1 3 −1 1
−1
X = A(A − I) = 0 2 1 · −1 1 −1 = −1 2 −1 .
−1 −1 2 1 0 1 1 0 2
10. Ako su A, B, X i B − I regularne matrice,
odrediti matricu X iz matriqne jednaqine
AX −1 B − B = AX −1 .
RexeƬe 1. AX −1 B − B = AX −1
RexeƬe 1. AX −1 B − B = AX −1
AX −1 B − AX −1 = B
RexeƬe 1. AX −1 B − B = AX −1
AX −1 B − AX −1 = B
AX −1 (B − I) = B
RexeƬe 1. AX −1 B − B = AX −1
AX −1 B − AX −1 = B
AX −1 (B − I) = B / A−1 ·
−→
−1 −1 −1
A AX (B − I) = A B
RexeƬe 1. AX −1 B − B = AX −1
AX −1 B − AX −1 = B
AX −1 (B − I) = B / A−1 ·
−→
−1 −1 −1
A AX (B − I) = A B
X −1 (B − I) = A−1 B
RexeƬe 1. AX −1 B − B = AX −1
AX −1 B − AX −1 = B
AX −1 (B − I) = B / A−1 ·
−→
−1 −1 −1
A AX (B − I) = A B
X −1 (B − I) = A−1 B / X·
−→
XX −1 (B − I) = XA−1 B
RexeƬe 1. AX −1 B − B = AX −1
AX −1 B − AX −1 = B
AX −1 (B − I) = B / A−1 ·
−→
−1 −1 −1
A AX (B − I) = A B
X −1 (B − I) = A−1 B / X·
−→
XX −1 (B − I) = XA−1 B
(B − I) = XA−1 B
RexeƬe 1. AX −1 B − B = AX −1
AX −1 B − AX −1 = B
AX −1 (B − I) = B / A−1 ·
−→
−1 −1 −1
A AX (B − I) = A B
X −1 (B − I) = A−1 B / X·
−→
XX −1 (B − I) = XA−1 B
(B − I) = XA−1 B / ·B −1
←−
−1 −1 −1
(B − I)B = XA BB
RexeƬe 1. AX −1 B − B = AX −1
AX −1 B − AX −1 = B
AX −1 (B − I) = B / A−1 ·
−→
−1 −1 −1
A AX (B − I) = A B
X −1 (B − I) = A−1 B / X·
−→
XX −1 (B − I) = XA−1 B
(B − I) = XA−1 B / ·B −1
←−
−1 −1 −1
(B − I)B = XA BB
(B − I)B −1 = XA−1
RexeƬe 1. AX −1 B − B = AX −1
AX −1 B − AX −1 = B
AX −1 (B − I) = B / A−1 ·
−→
−1 −1 −1
A AX (B − I) = A B
X −1 (B − I) = A−1 B / X·
−→
XX −1 (B − I) = XA−1 B
(B − I) = XA−1 B / ·B −1
←−
−1 −1 −1
(B − I)B = XA BB
(B − I)B −1 = XA−1 / ·A
←−
(B − I)B −1 A = XA−1 A
RexeƬe 1. AX −1 B − B = AX −1
AX −1 B − AX −1 = B
AX −1 (B − I) = B / A−1 ·
−→
A−1 AX −1 (B − I) = A−1 B
X −1 (B − I) = A−1 B / X·
−→
−1 −1
XX (B − I) = XA B
(B − I) = XA−1 B / ·B −1
←−
(B − I)B −1 = XA−1 BB −1
(B − I)B −1 = XA−1 / ·A
←−
(B − I)B −1 A = XA−1 A
(B − I)B −1 A = X
RexeƬe 1. AX −1 B − B = AX −1
AX −1 B − AX −1 = B
AX −1 (B − I) = B / A−1 ·
−→
−1 −1 −1
A AX (B − I) = A B
X −1 (B − I) = A−1 B / X·
−→
−1 −1
XX (B − I) = XA B
(B − I) = XA−1 B / ·B −1
←−
−1 −1 −1
(B − I)B = XA BB
(B − I)B −1 = XA−1 / ·A
←−
−1 −1
(B − I)B A = XA A
X = (B − I)B −1 A.
RexeƬe 2. Iz X −1 (B − I) = A−1 B:
2
t 0 t 0 t 0
RexeƬe. A2 = A·A = 2 1
· 2 1
= 2t + 2 1
.
t 0
11. Za datu matricu A= , odrediti
2 1
t tako da je:
2A − A2 = I.
2
t 0 t 0 t 0
RexeƬe. A2 = A·A =2 1
· 2 1
= 2t + 2 1
.
2 2
2A−A2 = 2t 0
4 2
− t 0
2t+2 1
= 2t−t
2−2t 1
0
= 1 0
0 1
=I
t 0
11. Za datu matricu A= , odrediti
2 1
t tako da je:
2A − A2 = I.
2
t 0 t 0 t 0
RexeƬe. A2 = A·A =
2 1
· 2 1
= 2t + 2 1
.
2 2
2A−A2 = 2t 0
4 2
− t 0
2t+2 1
= 2t−t
2−2t 1
0
= 1 0
0 1
=I
2t−t2 = 1,
t 0
11. Za datu matricu A= , odrediti
2 1
t tako da je:
2A − A2 = I.
2
t 0 t 0 t 0
RexeƬe. A2 = A·A =2 1
· 2 1
= 2t + 2 1
.
2 2
2A−A2 = 2t 0
4 2
− t 0
2t+2 1
= 2t−t
2−2t 1
0
= 1 0
0 1
=I
2t−t2 = 1, 0 = 0,
t 0
11. Za datu matricu A= , odrediti
2 1
t tako da je:
2A − A2 = I.
2
t 0 t 0 t 0
RexeƬe. A2 = A·A =2 1
· 2 1
= 2t + 2 1
.
2 2
2A−A2 = 2t 0
4 2
− t 0
2t+2 1
= 2t−t
2−2t 1
0
= 1 0
0 1
=I
2t−t2 = 1, 0 = 0, 2−2t = 0,
t 0
11. Za datu matricu A= , odrediti
2 1
t tako da je:
2A − A2 = I.
2
t 0 t 0 t 0
RexeƬe. A2 = A·A =2 1
· 2 1
= 2t + 2 1
.
2 2
2A−A2 = 2t 0
4 2
− t 0
2t+2 1
= 2t−t
2−2t 1
0
= 1 0
0 1
=I
2t−t2 = 1, 0 = 0, 2−2t = 0, 1 = 1.
t 0
11. Za datu matricu A= , odrediti
2 1
t tako da je:
2A − A2 = I.
2
t 0 t 0 t 0
RexeƬe. A2 = A·A =2 1
· 2 1
= 2t + 2 1
.
2 2
2A−A2 = 2t 0
4 2
− t 0
2t+2 1
= 2t−t
2−2t 1
0
= 1 0
0 1
=I
2t−t2 = 1, 0 = 0, 2−2t = 0, 1 = 1.
RexeƬe ovog sistema je t = 1.
a 1 0 b
12. Za matrice A = i B=
1 0 1 1
odrediti parametre a i b, tako da vaжi:
AB = BA.
a 1 0 b
12. Za matrice A = i B=
1 0 1 1
odrediti parametre a i b, tako da vaжi:
AB = BA.
a 1 0 b 1 ab + 1
RexeƬe. AB = 1 0
· 1 1
= 0 b
a 1 0 b
12. Za matrice A = i B=
1 0 1 1
odrediti parametre a i b, tako da vaжi:
AB = BA.
a 1 0 b 1 ab + 1
RexeƬe. AB = 1 0
· 1 1
= 0 b
0 b a 1 b 0
BA = 1 1
· 1 0
= a+1 1
a 1 0 b
12. Za matrice A = i B=
1 0 1 1
odrediti parametre a i b, tako da vaжi:
AB = BA.
a 1 0 b 1 ab + 1
RexeƬe. AB = 1 0
· 1 1
= 0 b
0 b a 1 b 0
BA = 1 1
· 1 0
= a+1 1
1 = b,
a 1 0 b
12. Za matrice A = i B=
1 0 1 1
odrediti parametre a i b, tako da vaжi:
AB = BA.
a 1 0 b 1 ab + 1
RexeƬe. AB = 1 0
· 1 1
= 0 b
0 b a 1 b 0
BA = 1 1
· 1 0
= a+1 1
1 = b, ab + 1 = 0,
a 1 0 b
12. Za matrice A = i B=
1 0 1 1
odrediti parametre a i b, tako da vaжi:
AB = BA.
a 1 0 b 1 ab + 1
RexeƬe. AB = 1 0
· 1 1
= 0 b
0 b a 1 b 0
BA = 1 1
· 1 0
= a+1 1
1 = b, ab + 1 = 0, 0 = a + 1,
a 1 0 b
12. Za matrice A = i B=
1 0 1 1
odrediti parametre a i b, tako da vaжi:
AB = BA.
a 1 0 b 1 ab + 1
RexeƬe. AB = 1 0
· 1 1
= 0 b
0 b a 1 b 0
BA = 1 1
· 1 0
= a+1 1
1 = b, ab + 1 = 0, 0 = a + 1, b = 1.
a 1 0 b
12. Za matrice A = i B=
1 0 1 1
odrediti parametre a i b, tako da vaжi:
AB = BA.
a 1 0 b 1 ab + 1
RexeƬe. AB = 1 0
· 1 1
= 0 b
0 b a 1 b 0
BA = 1 1
· 1 0
= a+1 1
1 = b, ab + 1 = 0, 0 = a + 1, b = 1.
RexeƬe ovog sistema je a = −1, b = 1.
13. Odrediti svematrice
X koje komutiraju
1 0
sa matricom A = .
3 1
13. Odrediti svematrice
X koje komutiraju
1 0
sa matricom A = .
3 1
Uputstvo. A·X =X ·A
13. Odrediti svematrice
X koje komutiraju
1 0
sa matricom A = .
3 1
Uputstvo. A·X =X ·A
2×2 2×?
13. Odrediti svematrice
X koje komutiraju
1 0
sa matricom A = .
3 1
Uputstvo. A·X =X ·A
2×2 2×? ?×2 2×2
13. Odrediti svematrice
X koje komutiraju
1 0
sa matricom A = .
3 1
Uputstvo. A·X =X ·A
2×2 2×? ?×2 2×2 x y
| {z } X= .
2×2
z w
13. Odrediti svematrice
X koje komutiraju
1 0
sa matricom A = .
3 1
Uputstvo. A·X =X ·A
2×2 2×? ?×2 2×2 x y
| {z } X= .
2×2
z w
ZA DOMAI!
14. Odrediti rang matrice
2 −4 3 1 0
1 −2 1 −4 2
A= 0
.
1 −1 3 1
4 −7 4 −4 5
RexeƬe.
⊃
<
2 −4 3 1 0 1 −2 1 −4 2
1 −2 1 −4 2< 2 −4 3 1 0
II − 2 · I
A=
0
∼
1 −1 3 1 0 1 −1 3 1
4 −7 4 −4 5 4 −7 4 −4 5 IV − 4 · I
RexeƬe.
⊃
<
2 −4 3 1 0 1 −2 1 −4 2
1 −2 1 −4 2< 2 −4 3 1 0
A= ∼ II − 2 · I
0 1 −1 3 1 0 1 −1 3 1
4 −7 4 −4 5 4 −7 4 −4 5 IV − 4 · I
1 −2 1 −4 2 1 −2 1 −4 2
0 0 1 9 −4<
∼
⊃ 0 1
0 1 −1 3 1 < ∼0 0
−1
1
3
9
1
−4
0 1 0 12 −3 0 1 0 12 −3 IV − II
RexeƬe.
⊃
<
2 −4 3 1 0 1 −2 1 −4 2
1 −2 1 −4 2< 2 −4 3 1 0 II − 2 · I
A= 0 1 −1 3 1
∼
0 1 −1 3 1
4 −7 4 −4 5 4 −7 4 −4 5 IV − 4 · I
1 −2 1 −4 2 1 −2 1 −4 2
0 0 1 9 −4<
∼
⊃ 0 1 −1 3 1
0 1 −1 3 1 < ∼0 0 1 9 −4
0 1 0 12 −3 0 1 0 12 −3 IV − II
1 −2 1 −4 2 1 −2 1 −4 2
0 1 −1 3 1 0 1 −1 3 1
∼ ∼
0 0 1 9 −4 0 0 1 9 −4
0 0 1 9 −4 IV − III 0 0 0 0 0
RexeƬe.
⊃
<
2 −4 3 1 0 1 −2 1 −4 2
1 −2 1 −4 2< 2 −4 3 1 0 II − 2 · I
A= 0 1 −1 3 1
∼
0 1 −1 3 1
4 −7 4 −4 5 4 −7 4 −4 5 IV − 4 · I
1 −2 1 −4 2 1 −2 1 −4 2
0 0 1 9 −4<
∼
⊃ 0 1 −1 3 1
0 1 −1 3 1 < ∼0 0 1 9 −4
0 1 0 12 −3 0 1 0 12 −3 IV − II
1 −2 1 −4 2 1 −2 1 −4 2
0 1 −1 3 1 0 1 −1 3 1
∼ ∼
0 0 1 9 −4 0 0 1 9 −4
0 0 1 9 −4 IV − III 0 0 0 0 0
pa je r(A) = 3.
15. Odrediti rang matrice
2 1 −a
A = 1 3 −1
3 −a −1
u zavisnosti od realnog parametra a.
RexeƬe.
2 1 −a
|A| = 1 3 −1 = a2 + 7a − 8 = (a − 1)(a + 8).
3 −a −1
RexeƬe.
2 1 −a
|A| = 1 3 −1 = a2 + 7a − 8 = (a − 1)(a + 8).
3 −a −1
1◦ Za a 6= 1, −8
|A| =
6 0 ⇒ A regularna ⇒ r(A) = 3.
RexeƬe.
2 1 −a
|A| = 1 3 −1 = a2 + 7a − 8 = (a − 1)(a + 8).
3 −a −1
1◦ Za a 6= 1, −8
|A| =
6 0 ⇒ A regularna ⇒ r(A) = 3.
2◦ Za a = 1 ili 3◦ za a = −8
|A| = 0 ⇒ A singularna ⇒ r(A) 6= 3 ⇒ r(A) < 3.
RexeƬe.
2 1 −a
|A| = 1 3 −1 = a2 + 7a − 8 = (a − 1)(a + 8).
3 −a −1
1◦ Za a 6= 1, −8
|A| =
6 0 ⇒ A regularna ⇒ r(A) = 3.
2◦ Za a = 1 ili 3◦ za a = −8
|A| = 0 ⇒ A singularna ⇒ r(A) 6= 3 ⇒ r(A) < 3.
2 1
= 6 − 1 = 5 6= 0 ⇒ r(A) = 2.
1 3
2◦ Za a = 1: u A zamenimo svako a sa 1:
2 1
A = 1 3 ⊃
−1 < 1 3 −1
−1< ∼ 2 1 −1 II − 2 · I
3 −1 −1 3 −1 −1 III − 3 · I
2◦ Za a = 1: u A zamenimo svako a sa 1:
2 1
A = 1 3 ⊃
−1 < 1 3 −1
−1< ∼ 2 1 −1 II − 2 · I
3 −1 −1 3 −1 −1 III − 3 · I
1 3 −1 1 3 −1
∼ 0 −5 1 ∼ 0 −5 1 ,
0 −10 2 III − 2 · II 0 0 0
2◦ Za a = 1: u A zamenimo svako a sa 1:
2 1
A = 1 3 ⊃
−1 < 1 3 −1
−1< ∼ 2 1 −1 II − 2 · I
3 −1 −1 3 −1 −1 III − 3 · I
1 3 −1 1 3 −1
∼ 0 −5 1 ∼ 0 −5 1 ,
0 −10 2 III − 2 · II 0 0 0
pa je r(A) = 2.
3◦ Za a = −8: u A zamenimo svako a sa −8:
2 1 8 <
⊃ 1 3 −1
A = 1 3 −1< ∼ 2 1 8 II − 2 · I ∼
3 8 −1 3 8 −1 III − 3 · I
3◦ Za a = −8: u A zamenimo svako a sa −8:
2 1 8 <
⊃ 1 3 −1
A = 1 3 −1< ∼ 2 1 8 II − 2 · I ∼
3 8 −1 3 8 −1 III − 3 · I
1 3 −1 1 3 −1
0 −5 10 <
0 −1 2 < ⊃ ∼ 0 −1 2
0 −5 10 III − 5 · II
∼
3◦ Za a = −8: u A zamenimo svako a sa −8:
2 1 8 <
⊃ 1 3 −1
A = 1 3 −1< ∼ 2 1 8 II − 2 · I ∼
3 8 −1 3 8 −1 III − 3 · I
1 3 −1 1 3 −1
0
0 −1 2 <⊃
−5 10 < ∼ 0 −1 2
0 −5 10 III − 5 · II
∼
1 3 −1
0 −1 2 ,
0 0 0
3◦ Za a = −8: u A zamenimo svako a sa −8:
2 1 8 <
⊃ 1 3 −1
A = 1 3 −1< ∼ 2 1 8 II − 2 · I ∼
3 8 −1 3 8 −1 III − 3 · I
1 3 −1 1 3 −1
0
0 −1 2 <⊃
−5 10 < ∼ 0 −1 2
0 −5 10 III − 5 · II
∼
1 3 −1
0 −1 2 , pa je r(A) = 2.
0 0 0
ZAKƨUQAK:
(
3 za a 6= 1, −8
r(A) =
2 za a = 1 ili a = −8.
16. Odrediti rang matrice
1 a 2 1
A = 1 2a − 1 3 1
1 3a − 2 b + 1 b − 2
pa je r(A) = 2.
3◦ Za a = 1 i b 6= 3:
1 1 2 1
A ∼ 0 0 1 0 ∼
1
0 0 b − 3 b − 3 III · b−3
3◦ Za a = 1 i b 6= 3:
1 1 2 1
A ∼ 0 0 1 0 ∼
1
0 0 b − 3 b − 3 III · b−3
1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1
0 0 1 0 ∼ 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 III − II 0 0 0 1
3◦ Za a = 1 i b 6= 3:
1 1 2 1
A ∼ 0 0 1 0 ∼
1
0 0 b − 3 b − 3 III · b−3
1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1
0 0 1 0 ∼ 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 III − II 0 0 0 1
pa je r(A) = 3.
ZAKƨUQAK:
(
3 za b 6= 3
r(A) =
2 za b = 3.
KRAJ QASA