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    Prism PDF

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    Harold Manga
    A prism is a transparent refracting body that deviates light. It is bounded by two triangular and three rectangular surfaces. The amount of deviation depends on the incident angle, refracted angle, and refractive index of the prism material. Prism power can be measured in prism diopters or centrads and describes the linear or arc displacement of light. Prisms are used diagnostically to measure eye alignment and fusional reserves, and therapeutically to relieve diplopia or build up convergence. They are also commonly used in ophthalmic instruments like slit lamps.

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    Prism PDF

    Uploaded by

    Harold Manga
    849 views14 pages
    A prism is a transparent refracting body that deviates light. It is bounded by two triangular and three rectangular surfaces. The amount of deviation depends on the incident angle, refracted angle, and refractive index of the prism material. Prism power can be measured in prism diopters or centrads and describes the linear or arc displacement of light. Prisms are used diagnostically to measure eye alignment and fusional reserves, and therapeutically to relieve diplopia or build up convergence. They are also commonly used in ophthalmic instruments like slit lamps.

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    A prism is a transparent refracting body that deviates light. It is bounded by two triangular and three rectangular surfaces. The amount of deviation depends on the incident angle, refracted angle, and refractive index of the prism material. Prism power can be measured in prism diopters or centrads and describes the linear or arc displacement of light. Prisms are used diagnostically to measure eye alignment and fusional reserves, and therapeutically to relieve diplopia or build up convergence. They are also commonly used in ophthalmic instruments like slit lamps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    849 views14 pages

    Prism PDF

    Uploaded by

    Harold Manga
    A prism is a transparent refracting body that deviates light. It is bounded by two triangular and three rectangular surfaces. The amount of deviation depends on the incident angle, refracted angle, and refractive index of the prism material. Prism power can be measured in prism diopters or centrads and describes the linear or arc displacement of light. Prisms are used diagnostically to measure eye alignment and fusional reserves, and therapeutically to relieve diplopia or build up convergence. They are also commonly used in ophthalmic instruments like slit lamps.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

     Prism is transparent refracting body bounded

    by two triangular and three rectangular


    surfaces .
    OR
     Portion of refracting body/medium bordered
    by two plane surfaces which are inclined at a
    finite angle.
     How much light deviated after
    passes through prism.

     It depends upon these factors


    i. Incident angle
    ii. Refracted angle
    iii. Refracting index of prism
    material
     Power of prism can be expressed in various
    units:
     PRISM DIOPTER:
     A prism of one prism diopter power produces
    a linear apparent displacement of 1cm of an
    object situated at 1m(100cm).
     CENTRAD:
     This unit differs from prism diopter only in that
    the image displacement is measured along an arc
    1m from prism.

     Refracting angle:
     A prism may also be described by its refracting
    angle but refracting index of prism must be
    known.
     GRINDING:
     This is a manufacturing technique.
     Usually applied when large amount of prism is needed.

     DECENTRATION:
     A prism is added to spectacle lens by decentering the lens
    in frame so that patient visual axis in primary position
    passes through an off center portion of the lens.

     Usually applied when small amount of prism is needed.


     Prentice rule
    Prismatic power of a lens in prism diopter at any
    point on its surface is equal to the distance from
    optical center(in cm) times the power of the lens
    (in diopter).

    Uses:
    It is used to determine amount of prescribed
    prism in lenses by decentration.
    It is used to determined either unprescribed
    prism present in lenses by decentration.
    PRENTICE’S RULE
    p=d*F
    p=Prism power(in prism diopter)
    D=Decentration(in cm)
    F=Refracting power of lens(in diopter)
     Prismatic power is neutralized by two ways:
     HAND NEUTRALIZATION :
    Two prisms of equal strength placed base to apex.

     LENSOMETER:
     Two types of lensometer available
    1. Automatic lensmeter
    2. Manual lensmeter
     Diagnostic uses
     Objective measurement of angle of deviation (PCT, krimsky
    test).
     Subjective measurement of angle of deviation with Maddox
    Rod.
     Measurement of fusional reserve.
     Diagnosis of microtropia (4Dprism test).
     To asses diplopia after squint surgery in adults.
     After subjective refraction in binocular balancing.

    PRISM USED FOR DIAGNOSTIC PURPOSE :


     Risley prism.
     Mounted prism from trial lens set.
     Prism bar(horizontal and vertical).
     Therapeutic uses:
     To build up fusional reserve in patient with
    convergence insufficiency (BO).
     To relieve diplopia .
     Prism ballast
    Prism used for therapeutic purpose:
     Clip on spectacle prisms
     Fresnel prism
     Permanent wear(incorporate prism in lens by
    decentration)
     Prism are commonly used as reflectors of
    light in ophthalmic instruments such as:
     Slit lamp bimicroscope
     Keratometer
     Applanation tonometer
     Gonioscope
    REFERENCE
     A.K Khorana
     Duke elder
     Clinical optics
     American academy
     Internet
    Thank you
    Thank you

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