Aakash Module or DPP

Level-I
Chapter 3
Classification of Elements and
Periodicity in Properties
Solutions (Set-1)
Very Short Answer Type Questions :

1. In the terms of electronic configuration, why the halogens have similar chemical properties?
Sol. Halogens show similar chemical properties because of similar outermost electronic configuration.
2. What is the nature of the oxides formed by the p-block elements?
Sol. p-block elements are mainly non-metals. So their oxides are acidic in nature.
3. What is meant by periodic classification of elements?
Sol. Periodic classification of elements means to classify the known elements in accordance of their properties in
such a manner that their study of properties become easier.
4. Explain the meaning of a positive electron gain enthalpy.
Sol. Positive electron gain enthalpy means that energy is required rather released during addition of an electron
to a neutral gaseous atom to form gaseous ion.
5. What are isoelectronic species?
Sol. Isoelectronic species are those chemical species which contain the same number of electrons in them e.g.,
N3–, O2–, F–, Na+, Mg2+, Al3+.
6. What is the nature of oxides formed by the 1st group of elements and 17th group of elements?
Sol. 1st group of elements forms basic oxides while the 17th group of elements forms acidic oxides.
7. Out of Na and Na+, which one will have smaller size?
Sol. Na+ will have smaller size due to higher effective nuclear charge.
8. Which is smaller in size – Li or F and why?
Sol. F is smaller in size than Li because the effective nuclear charge increases moving from left to right across
the period, consequently the size of the atom decreases.
9. Out of Na and Mg, which has a higher second ionization enthalpy and why?
Sol. Na has a higher second ionization enthalpy because the electron is to be removed from Na+ which has a stable
noble gas configuration of Ne[1s22s22p6] whereas Mg attains the configuration like that of Na[1s22s22p63s1].
10. Give examples of three cations and three anions which are isoelectronic with Argon (Ar).
Sol. Cations: K+, Ca2+, Sc3+
Anions: Cl–, S2–, P3–
Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456
104 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)
Short Answer Type Questions :

11. What is Dobereiner triad?
Sol. Dobereiner tried to arrange similar elements in groups of three known as triad, in which the atomic weight of
the middle element was approximately the arithmetic mean of the other two. For example
Li – 7
Na – 23
K – 39
The mean of 1st and 3rd i.e., Li and K
7  39 46
=   23
2 2
12. What are general characteristics of s-block elements?
Sol. (i) They are generally soft with low melting point and boiling point.
(ii) They have low ionization enthalpy and high electropositivity.
(iii) They act as strong reducing agent.
(iv) They are highly reactive and reactivity increases down the group
13. Moving down the alkali metal group which element is expected to be least electronegative and why?
Sol. Electronegativity decreases as the size of atom increases. On moving down the group, francium is expected
to have the largest size therefore it will be the least electronegative element.
14. Why zero group elements are inert?
Sol. Zero group elements are inert because they have completely filled valence shells. Neither they have the
tendency to lose electrons nor to gain or share electrons with other elements.
15. Why argon (atomic mass 39.94) has been placed before potassium (atomic mass 39.10) in the periodic table?
Sol. In the modern periodic table, elements have been placed in order of their increasing atomic numbers, not on
the basis of atomic masses. Since the atomic number of argon is 18 and that of potassium is 19, argon is
placed before potassium.
16. Why the second ionization enthalpy of an element is higher than the first?
Sol. Because after the removal of one electron from the atom, the number of electrons decreases whereas the
nuclear charge remains the same. The cation so formed has a higher effective nuclear charge, as a result the
force of attraction by the nucleus on the electrons increases thus increasing the second ionization enthalpy.
17. First ionization enthalpy of nitrogen is higher than the first ionization enthalpy of oxygen. Why?
Sol. Nitrogen has a stable configuration where the electrons in the degenerate p-orbitals have equally distributed
2 2 1 1 1
electrons (1s , 2s , 2 px 2 py 2 pz ) whereas in oxygen the electrons in the degenerate p-orbitals have
unsymmetrical distributions in which one orbital contains two electrons. The presence of two electrons in one
2 2 2 1 1
orbital (1s , 2s , 2 px 2 py 2 pz ) increases the interelectronic repulsion thus decreasing the ionization enthalpy.
18. Why sodium is a strong electropositive element?

Sol. The ionization enthalpy of Na is low as it contains only one electron in its valence shell. Hence, it can easily
lose one electron to attain a noble gas configuration. Therefore it is a strong electropositive element.
19. Why there are only 14 lanthanides and only 14 actinides?
Sol. In lanthanides and actinides the differentiating electrons enters to (n – 2)f subshell. The maximum number of
electrons that can be accommodated in the seven orbitals is 14 electrons. Thus there are only 14 lanthanides
(4f1–14) and only 14 actinides (5f1–14).
Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 105
20. What are the reasons for the different chemical behaviour of the first member of a group of element in the
s and p-blocks compared to that of subsequent members in the same group?
Sol. The first member of each group in the s and p-blocks have small size, large charge/radius ratio and high
electronegativity which accounts for their anomalous behaviour in comparison to their subsequent members in
the same group.
21. Out of metallic radius and covalent radius of an element, which is larger and why?
Sol. The metallic radius of an atom is always larger than the covalent radius of the element because metallic bond
is a weak bond in comparison to covalent bond. The atoms held by covalent bond are closer to each other.
22. The ionization energy of lithium is 520 kJ/mol. Calculate the amount of energy required to convert 700 mg of
lithium atoms in gaseous state into Li+ ions.
Sol. Mass of lithium = 700 mg = 700 10–3g = 7  10–1 g
7  10–1
Mole of lithium =  1 10 –1 mol
7
Energy required to convert 1  10–1 mol atoms of lithium in gaseous state into Li+ ions
= 520  1  10–1
= 52 kJ
23. What do you understand by ‘Representative elements’? Name the groups whose elements are called
representative elements.
Sol. The elements of s-block and p-block are called representative elements as they represent the properties of
their respective groups.
The groups called representative element are 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18.
24. What is the general electronic configuration of d-block elements? Why are these known as “Transition elements”?
Sol. The general configuration of d-block elements is (n – 1)1–10 ns0–2. These are known as transition elements
because these form a bridge between the chemically active metals of s-block and the less active elements
of group 13 and 14.
25. Among the following compounds CsI, CsF, LiF and NaF, which one has the highest cation to anion size ratio?
Sol. Amongst alkali metals cation i.e., Cs, Na, and Li, the largest size of cation is of Cs+. Among the halides i.e.,
F and I, smallest size is of F–. Therefore the ratio of Cs+ and F– is the highest.
26. The first and the second ionization enthalpies (kJ/mol) of three elements I, II and III are given below.
Element iH1 iH2
I 403 2640
II 549 1060
III 1142 2080
Identify the element which is likely to be

(i) A non-metal
(ii) An alkali metal
(iii) An alkaline earth metal
Sol. (i) Element (III) is a non-metal because it has high first ionization enthalpy in comparison to other elements
showing its tendency to gain electron rather than loosing it.
(ii) Element (I) is an alkali metal which has the electronic configuration ns1. These elements show high
tendency to lose electrons to attain a noble gas configuration i.e., they have low ionization enthalpies.
Element (I) has the lowest first inonization enthalpy whereas the second ionization enthalpy is very high.
(iii) Element (II) is an alkaline earth metal because its ionization enthalpies are quite low which show the ease
of losing electrons.
27. Why He and Be both having similar electronic configuration, Be is not inert?
Sol. Although He (1s2) and Be(1s22s2) both having similar outer electronic configuration, i.e. ns2 only. He has the
inert gas configuration and hence, chemically inert but Be does not have inert gas configuration and hence,
not chemically inert.
28. Ionization enthalpy of Be is greater than that of both Li and B. Explain.
Sol. The electronic configuration of the given elements are :
3Li – 1s2 2s1
4Be – 1s2 2s2
5B – 1s2 2s22p1
The ionization enthalpy of Be is greater than Li because it has completely filled 2s2 configuration which imparts
greater stability than incompletely filled 2s1 configuration in Li. Also Be has a higher nuclear charge.
In case of B, electron is removed from 2p1 orbital which is located far away from the nucleus and screened
by the 2s orbital electrons. So the removal of electron becomes easy. Consequently the ionization enthalpy
lowers.
29. Why the zero group (18th group) has been placed at the extreme right of the periodic table?
Sol. This is in accordance with electronic configurations because each period starts with the filling of s-subshell
and is completed with the filling of p-subshell of the same principal shell.
30. Why lanthanoids and actinoids are placed in separate rows at the bottom of the periodic table?
Sol. These are separately placed at the bottom of the periodic table for convenience. If they are placed within the
body of the periodic table, the periodic table will become very long and cumbersome.
Long Answer Type Questions :
31. Describe the main features of the long form of the periodic table. In what respects is it superior to Mandeleev’s
table?
Sol. The main features of the present or long form of the periodic table which makes it superior to Mendeleev’s
periodic table are:
(i) The positioning of elements in the periodic table is done on the basis of atomic numbers whereas in
Mendeleev’s table it is on the basis of atomic mass.
(ii) It is easy to remember and reproduce all the elements more easily in sequence of atomic numbers due
to differentiating the elements in different s, p, d and f-blocks based on the outer electronic configuration,
while Mendeleev’s table lacked these things.
(iii) The elements are classified into normal elements belonging to 1, 2, 13-17 groups and transition elements
belonging to 3-12 groups on the basis of their outer electronic configuration. The elements are also
classified as active metals placed in groups 1 and 2, heavy metals placed in groups 3-12 and non-metals
placed in the upper right corner (groups 13 -18) of this periodic table, whereas all these clear classifications
were lacking in Mendeleev’s table.
32. Among the elements B, Al, C and Si
(a) Which has the highest first ionization enthalpy?
(b) Which has the most negative electron gain enthalpy?
(c) Which has the largest atomic radius?
(d) Which has the most metallic character?
Sol. If we arrange the elements in periods and groups it will become easy to identify the characteristics.
Group  XIII XIV
Period 2 B C
Period 3 Al Si
(a) C has the highest ionization enthalpy because as we move across the period the effective nuclear charge
increases which makes difficult to remove the electron. While moving down the ionization enthalpy decrease
due to increase in the distance from the nucleus of the valence electron.
(b) C will have the most negative electron gain enthalpy because more is the effective nuclear charge, smaller
is the size of atom and greater is the tendency to gain electron.
(c) Largest atomic radius is of Al because as we move down the group there is an increase in a shell which
makes the size larger of the atom and moving from left to right, the size of the atom decreases. So Al
will have a greater size than Si.
(d) As we go from left to right the ionization enthalpy increases i.e., metallic character decreases. So in the
second period B is more metallic and Al in the 3rd period is more metallic. When we move from top to
bottom in a group the metallic character increases. Hence, Al is the most metallic element in the given
four elements.
33. Give the general valence shell electronic configuration of transition elements and give some characteristics of
these. Also tell the block to which they belong and why?
Sol. The general valence shell configuration of transition elements is (n – 1)d–10 ns0–2. The transition elements belong
to d-block because the last electron enters the penultimate energy level.
Some characteristics of d-block elements are :
(i) They all are metals.
(ii) They show variable oxidation states.
(iii) They form coloured complexes.
(iv) Most of them possesses catalytic properties.
(v) They form alloys.
(vi) They are good conductor of heat and electricity.
34. Arrange the isoelectronic species O2–, F– , Na+ and Mg2+ in order of their
(a) Increasing effective nuclear charge
(b) Increasing ionic radius
(c) Increasing ionization enthalpy
Give reasons for their arrangement also.
Sol. (a) As the positive charge increases on the atom. The effective nuclear charge increases, thus increasing the
force of attraction of the nucleus on the valence electrons. The order of species becomes
O2– < F– < Na+ < Mg2+
(b) As the effective nuclear charge increases, the size of the ion decreases accordingly due to the increased
force of attraction by the nucleus on the valence electrons. So the size of the ions can be arranged
accordingly in increasing order as follows:
Mg2+ < Na+ < F– < O2–
(c) The increased effective nuclear charge increases the hold of nucleus on electrons means higher amount
of energy will be required to remove electron from the valence shell. So the order of ionization enthalpy
becomes as
O2– < F– < Na+ < Mg2+
35. What are the major differences between metals and non-metals?
Sol. Metals Non-metals
(i) They have a strong tendency They have a strong tendency

to lose electrons to form cation. to gain electrons to form anions.
(ii) Due to the tendency to lose electrons Due to their tendency to gain
they act as strong reducing agents electrons, they act as strong
oxidizing agents.
(iii) They have low ionization enthalpies They have high ionization
due to the ease of removal of enthalpies due to their greater
electrons. tendency to accept electron rather
donation.
(iv) They have low electronegativity They have high electronegativity.
(v) They have low negative electron gain They have high negative electron gain
enthalpies. enthalpies.
(vi) They form basic oxides. They form acidic oxides.
(vii) Except Li and Be they predominantly They form covalent compounds.
form ionic compounds.
36. The increasing order of reactivity among group 1 elements is Li < Na < K < Rb < Cs whereas that of group 17 is
F > Cl > Br > I. Explain
Sol. The elements of group 1 have only one electron in its valence shell and thus have a strong tendency to lose
this electron. By the loss of this one electron, the element can acquire the stable noble gas configuration.
The tendency to lose electron in turn depends upon the ionization enthalpy. Since the ionization enthalpy
decreases down the group, therefore, the reactivity of the elements of group 1 increases in the order :
Li < Na < K < Rb < Cs.
In contrast, the elements of the 17th group have seven electrons in the valence shell and requires one electron
to complete its octet and acquire a stable noble gas configuration. So these elements of this group show a
high tendency to accept one electron. This tendency to gain electrons can be linked to the electron gain
enthalpy. Since electron gain enthalpy becomes less and less negative as we move down the group from Cl
to I, therefore, reactivity increases from Cl to I. Fluorine however have the highest reactivity due to low bond
dissociation energy (amount of energy required to break the bond).
37. Explain the following
(a) Electronegativity of elements increases on moving from left to right in the periodic table.
(b) Ionization enthalpy decreases in a group from top to bottom.
Sol. (a) As we move across the period from left to right, the effective nuclear charge increases and the atomic
radius decreases. As a result, the tendency of the atom of an element to attract the shared pair of electrons
towards itself increases and hence, the electronegativity of the element increases.
(b) On moving down the group from top to bottom, the atomic size increases gradually due to the addition
of new principal energy shell at each succeeding element. As a result the distance of the valence electrons
from the nucleus increases.
Consequently the force of attraction of the nucleus for the valence electrons decrease and the ionization
enthalpy should decrease with the addition of a new shell. The shielding effect or the screening effect
increases, thus decreasing the force of attraction of the nucleus on the valence electrons, decreasing the
ionization enthalpy.
38. The formation of Cl– from Cl is exothermic but formation of O2– from O– is endothermic. Explain
Sol. The formation of Cl– from Cl is an exothermic reaction because the electron gain enthalpy is negative. Cl having
electronic configuration 1s22s22p63s23p5, requires one electron to acquire a stable noble gas configuration like
that of argon.

1 e
Cl(g)  Cl (g);  egH1   ve
The formation of O2– involves two processes


1 e
O  (g)  O  (g);  egH1   ve

1 e
O  (g)  O2 (g);  egH2   ve
The cause for the negative electron gain enthalpy in the first step forming O–(g) ion from O(g) is the tendency
to gain electron due to high effective nuclear charge and small size. But after gaining one electron though the
nuclear charge remains the same, the number of electrons increases in O–. The effective nuclear charge
decreases. When the second electron is added to O– it requires energy i.e., electron gain enthalpy becomes
positive because the incoming second electron starts facing strong repulsion from the inner electrons thus
dominating the nuclear force of attraction on the valence electron.
39. (i) Why Na cannot exhibit +2 oxidation state?
(ii) Why do noble gases have the largest size in their respective periods?
Sol. (i) Na cannot exhibit +2 oxidation state because if we look at the electronic configuration 1s22s22p63s1, it
contains only one electron in its valence shell. It is easy to remove one electron from its valence shell
i.e., it has low ionization enthalpy. But after loosing one electron it acquires a stable noble gas configuration
with the complete octet. The second ionization enthalpy drastically increases making it unfeasible to lose
the second electron. So Na can exhibit only +1 oxidation state and not +2 oxidation state.
(ii) Noble gases have the largest atomic size in their respective periods because noble gases being inert do
not combine with other elements. So they have a weak interparticle force of attraction known as van der
Waals forces and the bond formed is known as van der Waals bond.
40. Predict the formula of the stable binary compounds that would be formed by the following pairs of elements
(i) Silicon and oxygen
(ii) Aluminium and bromine
(iii) Calcium and iodine
(iv) Element 114 and fluorine
(v) Element 120 and oxygen
Sol. (i) Silicon belongs to 14th group. Its valence is 4. The valence of oxygen is 2. Thus, the binary compound
between silicon and oxygen would have formula SiO2.
(ii) Aluminium belongs to 13th group. Its valence is 3 the valence of bromine is 1. Thus, the binary compound
between aluminium and bromine would have formula AlBr3.
(iii) Calcium belongs to 2nd group. Its valence is 2. The valence of iodine is 1. Thus, the compound between
calcium and iodine would have formula CaI2.
(iv) The element (M) with atomic number 114 belongs to 14th group. It exhibits a valence of 2 (due to inert
pair of effect) most prominantly than 4. So the compound formed would have the formula MF2.
(v) The element (X) with atomic number 120 belongs to group 2. Its valence would be 2. The valence of oxygen
is 2. Thus, the formula of the compound between this element and oxygen would have formula XO.
41. (i) Show by a chemical reaction that MgO is a basic oxide while P4O10 is an acidic oxide.
(ii) Which period elements have the ability to form p-p multiple bonds? Give reason for it.
Sol. (i) MgO reacts with aqueous HCl to form salt and water thus exhibiting its basic characters
MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq)  MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
P4O10 reacts with water to form phosphoric acid which turns the blue litmus red.
P4 O10 (s)  6H2O(l)  4H3PO4 (aq)

Phosphoric acid
(ii) The first member of each group of p-block elements has a great tendency to form p-p multiple bonds
to itself and to the other second period elements. For example, carbon forms bonds of the type, C = C,
C  C, C = O, C  N etc. This property of these elements is due to their small size. The higher members
of the group have little tendency to form p-p bonds.
42. (i) What is the basic difference between the terms electron gain enthalpy and electronegativity?
(ii) What do you understand by shielding effect or screening effect?
Sol. (i) Electron gain enthalpy is the property of an isolated atom of an element in gaseous state whereas
electronegativity is the property of an atom of the element when it is bonded to some other atom. The
value of electron gain enthalpy can be experimentally determined while that of electronegativity cannot be
determined experimentally.
(ii) In multi-electron atoms, the electrons present in the outermost shell do not experience the complete nuclear
charge because of the repulsive interaction of the intervening electrons. Thus, the outermost electrons are
shielded or screened from the nucleus by the inner electrons. This is known as screening effect.
If the number of electrons in the inner shells is large, the screening effect will be large.
43. Select from each group the species which has the smallest radius stating appropriate reason.
(i) O, O–, O2–
(ii) K+, Sr2+, Ar
(iii) Si, P, Cl
Sol. (i) O has the smallest radius because the size of anion is always larger than the parent atom.
Here O– and O2– are anions of O.
(ii) K+ has the smallest radius. In K+ and Ar, the outermost shell is third whereas in Sr2+ it is fourth. Out of
K+ and Ar, K+ has smaller size because it has greater nuclear charge.
(iii) Cl has the smallest radius because Si, P, Cl belong to the same period and as we move across the period
the effective nuclear charge increases hence, the size decreases.

Level-I
Chapter 3
Classification of Elements and
Periodicity in Properties
Solutions (Set-2)
[Periodic Table and Classification]

1. In Lother Meyer’s curve, the element on the peak of curve will be
(1) F (2) Na (3) Mg (4) Ne
Sol. Answer (2)
Due to large atomic volume.
2. According to Mendeleev’s periodic law, physical and chemical properties are function of
(1) Atomic number (2) Atomic weight (3) Atomic volume (4) Number of neutrons
Sol. Answer (2)
Classification is based on Mendeleev’s periodic law.
3. Uub is the symbol for the element with atomic number
(1) 102 (2) 108 (3) 110 (4) 112
Sol. Answer (4)
Uub
U = un = 1
u = un = 1
b = bium = 2
Hence element has atomic number 112.
4. With which block 30Zn belongs?
(1) s (2) p (3) d (4) f
Sol. Answer (3)
Last electron enters in ‘d’ sub-shell.
Zn belongs with 12th group.
5. The alkali metal which is radioactive is
(1) Fr (2) Al (3) Li (4) Mg
Sol. Answer (1)
6. The element which belongs with chalcogen family is

(1) N (2) P (3) S (4) Cl
Sol. Answer (3)
16th group is chalcogen.
7. If the atomic number of an element is 33, it will be placed in the periodic table in the
(1) 1st group (2) 3rd group (3) 15th group (4) 17th group
Sol. Answer (3)
33 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p3
Above is a p-block element.
group number = 10 + number of valence electrons
= 10 + 5 = 15
8. An element has electronic configuration [Xe] 4f7, 5d1, 6s2. It belongs to ______ block of the periodic table.
(1) s (2) p (3) d (4) f
Sol. Answer (4)
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1 4f7
Last electron enters the f sub shell, hence, it belongs to f block.
9. The statement that is not correct for the periodic classification of element is
(1) The properties of elements are the periodic function of their atomic numbers
(2) Non-metallic elements are less in number than metallic elements
(3) The first ionisation energy of elements along a period decrease with increase in atomic number
(4) For transition elements the d-subshells are filled with electrons with increase in atomic numbers
Sol. Answer (3)
Generally IE increases along period with few exceptions.
10. Which of the following elements do not belong to the family indicated?
(1) Cu – Coinage metal (2) Ba – Alkaline earth metal
(3) Zn – Alkaline earth metal (4) Xe – Noble gas
Sol. Answer (3)
Zn is not an alkaline earth metal, IIA group elements are called alkaline earth metals.
11. Which of the following gradation in the properties is false, as we move from left to right in the periodic table?
(1) Metallic to non-metallic character
(2) Oxidising to reducing properties
(3) Metallic solids through network solids to molecular solids
(4) Base forming to acid forming character
Sol. Answer (2)
Factual
12. An element has 56 nucleons in nucleus and if it is isotonic with 60
30Y . Which group and period does it belong
to?
(1) 8th group, 4th period (2) 14th group, 3rd period
(3) 12th group, 3rd period (4) 12th group, 4th period
Sol. Answer (1)
n + p = 56
for y, n = 60 – 30 = 30
hence for given element
n = 30
p = 26
P(26) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6
period = 4, group number = 2 + 6 = 8
[Screening Effect]
13. Which of the following element has highest shielding constant?
(1) Mg (2) Al (3) K (4) Ga
Sol. Answer (4)
Mg 12e–
Al 13e–
K 19e–
Ga 31e–
Ga has highest atomic number (i.e. number of electrons), hence, it will have highest shielding constant.
14. Which of the following has maximum number of unpaired electrons?
(1) Mg2+ (2) Ti3+ (3) V3+ (4) Fe2+
Sol. Answer (4)
Fe2+ has four unpaired electrons.
15. Which of the following orbitals has higher screening power?
(1) 4s (2) 4p (3) 4d (4) 4f
Sol. Answer (1)
s orbital have more screening power.
16. Which of the following has largest size?
(1) H – (2) He (3) Li + (4) Be+ 2
Sol. Answer (1)
H– these are isoelectronic species.
17. The screening effect of inner electrons on the nucleus causes
(1) A decrease in the ionisation energy
(2) An increase in the ionisation energy
(3) No effect on the ionisation potential
(4) An increase in the attraction of the nucleus on the outermost electrons
Sol. Answer (1)

Due to screening effect, repulsion on electron increases which implies that attraction of nucleus on electrons
decreases, hence ionization energy decreases.
18. Ionic radii are
(1) Greater than the respective atomic radii of elements in general
(2) Greater than the respective atomic radii of electropositive elements
(3) Greater than the respective atomic radii of electronegative elements
(4) Less than the respective atomic radii of electronegative elements
Sol. Answer (3)
During formation of Anions, electron is added to neutral atom, hence size of anion is bigger, compared to
neutral atom.
[Ionisation Energy]
19. The first ionisation potentials of Na, Mg, Al and Si are in the order
(1) Na < Mg > Al < Si (2) Na < Mg < Al > Si
(3) Na > Mg > Al > Si (4) Na > Mg > Al < Si
Sol. Answer (1)
Size; Mg < Na
Hence, ionization energy of Na < Mg
Size; Si < Al
Hence, ionization energy of Si > Al
Mg = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Al = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Mg has stable configuration, hence its ionization energy will be higher than Al.
 Na < Mg > Al < Si
20. Which among the following elements has the highest value for third ionisation energy?
(1) Mg (2) Al (3) Na (4) Ar
Sol. Answer (1)
Since, Mg belongs to IIA group hence, after removal of 2e–, atom will become stable, and hence, removal of
3rd electron will require high energy.
21. The ionisation potential of isotopes of an element will be
(1) Same
(2) Different
(3) Dependent on atomic masses
(4) Dependent on the number of neutrons present in the nucleus
Sol. Answer (2)
Ionisation potential of isotopes are different.
22. The element which has highest IInd I.E.?
(1) Li (2) Be (3) K (4) B
Sol. Answer (1)
IA group elements have highest IInd ionization energy.
23. Which one of the following order is correct?
(1) I > I+ > I– (radii)
(2) I– >I> I+ (radii)
(3) I– > I > I+ (Ionisation energy)
(4) I+5 < I+ < I+7 (Ionisation energy)
Sol. Answer (2)
Anions are larger than the neutral atom, while cations are smaller than the neutral atom.
24. Enthalpy change in the following process is
A + e–  A– H = –X kJ/mole
Which of the following processes has enthalpy change = X kJ/mole?
(1) A–2  A– +1e– (2) A + e–  A–
(3) A–  A + e– (4) A+ + e–  A

Sol. Answer (3)
A + e–  A– ; H = –X
A–  A + e– ; H = +X
As direction of reaction is reversed, sign of heat exchanged is also reversed.
25. Which of the following processes will release energy equal to ionization energy?
  
e e e
 M(( g)) M(g)   M(( g))
e ()
(1) M( g)  (2) M(s)  M(s) (3)  M( g) (4) M( g) 
Sol. Answer (3)

The process is opposite of Ionization energy.
26. The ionization potential of lithium is 520 kJ/mole. The energy required to convert 70 mg of lithium atoms in
gaseous state into Li+ ions is
(1) 5.2 kJ (2) 52 kJ (3) 520 kJ (4) 52 J
Sol. Answer (1)
70  10 –3
Number of moles of Li =  10  10 –3 = 10–2 mole
7
∵ 1 mole Li requires 520 kJ energy.

 10–2 mole Li will require = 10–2 × 520 kJ = 5.2 kJ energy
27. Which of the following configuration is associated with the biggest jump between first and second ionization
energy?
(1) 1s22s22p5 (2) 1s22s22p63s1 (3) 1s22s22p4 (4) 1s22s1
Sol. Answer (4)
IA group element (ns1) have biggest jump between Ist and IInd ionization energy.
28. A sudden large jump between the values of second and third ionisation energies of an element would be
associated with the electronic configuration
(1) 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s1 (2) 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2p1 (3) 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2p2 (4) 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2
Sol. Answer (4)
For IIA group elements i.e., elements containing 2e– in outermost shell, there is a sudden jump between values
of 2nd and 3rd ionization energy (because in 3rd ionization we have to remove electron from a stable
configuration)
29. The element which has highest 2nd ionisation energy is
(1) Na (2) Mg (3) Ca (4) Ar
Sol. Answer (1)
Electron will be removed from completely filled second orbit.
[Electronegativity and Electron Affinity]
30. An atom with high electronegativity generally has
(1) Low electron affinity (2) Small atomic number
(3) Large atomic radius (4) High ionisation potential
Sol. Answer (4)
Higher electronegativity implies higher ionization potential.
31. Which of the following has highest electron affinity?
(1) Na (2) Li (3) K (4) Rb
Sol. Answer (2)
32. The first electron affinity values of ‘O’, S & Se are given correctly as
(1) O > S > Se (2) S > Se > O (3) Se > O > S (4) Se > S > O
Sol. Answer (2)
Element Electron gain enthalpy Electron affinity
O –144 144
S –200 200
Se –195 195
 S > Se > O
33. The element which has highest electron affinity?
(1) Oxygen (2) Sulphur (3) Nitrogen (4) Phosphorus
Sol. Answer (2)
Resultant of size factor and electronic configuration factor.
34. Electron gain enthalpy will be positive in
(1) O–2 is formed from O–1 (2) O–1 is formed from O
(3) S–1 is formed from S (4) Na– is formed from Na
Sol. Answer (1)
O –  e –  O –2
When e– will approach O–, O– will repel the approaching electron, hence, we have to give some energy
therefore, electron gain enthalpy will be +ve (endothermic).
[Miscellaneous]
35. Which one of the following oxides has highest acidic character?
(1) CO2 (2) Cl2O7 (3) SiO2 (4) SO2
Sol. Answer (2)
IV VI VII
CO2 Cl2O7
SiO2 SO2
As we move from left to right across a period, acidic character of oxides of elements increases.
As we move from top to bottom in a group, acidic character of oxides of element decreases.
36. Element ‘A’ belongs to group 16 and 5th period. Its atomic number is
(1) 34 (2) 50 (3) 52 (4) 85
Sol. Answer (3)
Element is 52Te.
37. Zr and Hf have nearly same size because

(1) They belong to same group
(2) They belong to same period
(3) Of lanthanoid contraction
(4) Of poor screening of d orbitals
Sol. Answer (3)
Zr and Hf have nearly same size due to lanthanide contraction.
38. Arrange the given species in the increasing order of group electronegativity
NO 2 , F , H , OH
I II III IV
(1) III < IV < II < I (2) I < II < IV < III (3) I < III < IV < II (4) III < I < IV < II
Sol. Answer (1)
39. The chemistry of Be is very similar to that of aluminium, because
(1) They belong to same group (2) They belong to same period
(3) Both have nearly the same ionic size (4) The ratio of their charge to size is nearly the same
Sol. Answer (4)
Be and Al show diagonal relationship hence we can say that, for these two elements charge to size ratio is
nearly same.
40. If an element A shows two cationic states +2 and +3 and form oxides in such a way that ratio of the element
showing +2 and +3 state is 1 : 3 in a compound. Formula of the compound will be
(1) A8O11 (2) A4O11 (3) A9O11 (4) A5O11
Sol. Answer (1)
Total +ve charge (A1A3)
= 1 × (+2) + 3 × (+3)
= 2 + 9 = 11
For compound to be neutral, O must contain total 11 unit negative charge.

∵ –2 unit charge possessed by one oxygen atom
–11  1 11
 –11 unit charge possessed by = = oxygen atom
–2 2
Hence formula = A1A3O 11 = A4O 11 = A8O11

2 2
41. Which of the following statement(s) is incorrect?

(1) The electronic configuration of Cr is [Ar] 3d 54s1 (Atomic No. of Cr = 24)
(2) The magnetic quantum number may have a negative value
(3) In silver atom, 23 electrons have a spin of one type and 24 of the opposite type
(Atomic number of Ag = 47)
(4) van der Waal radius of chlorine molecule is less than its covalent radius
Sol. Answer (4)
Cr (24) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5 (Half filled-full filled rule)
Magnetic quantum number varies from +l to –l through zero for a given value of l.
Ag(47) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d10 (Half filled-full filled rule)
In Ag except 5s1, all subshells are fully filled which contains total 46e– out of which 23e– have anticlockwise
spin, hence total number of e– having clockwise spin
= 23 + 1(5s1) = 24
Total number of e– having anticlockwise spin = 23
van der Waal’s radii of a molecule is more than its covalent radii.
42. The diagonal similarities are due to similar polarising powers for the elements
The polarising power is directly proportional to
ionic charge (ionic charge) 2

(1) (2)
ionic radius ionic radius
ionic charge ionic charge

(3) 2
(4)
(ionic radius) (ionic radius)1/2
Sol. Answer (3)
ionic charge
Polarising power 
(ionic radius) 2
43. Out of following, which has the highest electronegativity?

(1) H (2) Li (3) Na (4) Be
Sol. Answer (1)
H - 2.1
44. Which element is largest in size?
(1) Co (2) Ni (3) Cu (4) Zn
Sol. Answer (4)
Zn has largest radius.
45. Hypothetically if one orbital bear three electrons then how many elements are present in 2nd period?
(1) Twelve (2) Eight (3) Six (4) Nine
Sol. Answer (1)
Three possible values of spin quantum number means an orbital can accommodate a maximum of three
electrons. Since in second period 2s and 2p subshells are involved so a maximum of 12 (3 + 9) electrons
can be accommodated.
46. Which of the following element has lowest value of electron affinity?
(1) Be (2) Cl (3) N (4) B
Sol. Answer (1)


Aakash Module or DPP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Aakash Module or DPP

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Aakash Module or DPP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What is Dobereiner triad?

What is Dobereiner triad?

What are general characteristics of s-block elements?

What are general characteristics of s-block elements?

Level-I

Very Short Answer Type Questions :

Short Answer Type Questions :

18. Why sodium is a strong electropositive element?

Element iH1 iH2

Identify the element which is likely to be

3Li – 1s2 2s1

4Be – 1s2 2s2

Sol. Metals Non-metals

(i) They have a strong tendency They have a strong tendency

The formation of O2– involves two processes

MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq)  MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

P4 O10 (s)  6H2O(l)  4H3PO4 (aq)

[Periodic Table and Classification]

6. The element which belongs with chalcogen family is

Sol. Answer (1)

(1) A–2  A– +1e– (2) A + e–  A–

(3) A–  A + e– (4) A+ + e–  A

Sol. Answer (3)

∵ 1 mole Li requires 520 kJ energy.

37. Zr and Hf have nearly same size because

For compound to be neutral, O must contain total 11 unit negative charge.

Hence formula = A1A3O 11 = A4O 11 = A8O11

41. Which of the following statement(s) is incorrect?

ionic charge (ionic charge) 2

ionic charge ionic charge

43. Out of following, which has the highest electronegativity?

You might also like