Alfa Laval Manual Sep. Aldec 45

Alfa Laval
Decanter Centrifuge
FRONT
OM English EN
OPERATOR’S
MANUAL
OPERATION
SERVICE
MAINTENANCE
Original instruction
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Decanter Centrifuge Data Sheet
Decanter Specification, Type ALDEC 45
Machine No.: 5123659 Date of issue: 2012-02-07
Specification: 882036001-1
Process liquid: Min. 0°C (32°F) - max. 60°C (140°F)
Max. density of compact wet cake at max. bowl speed: 1.2 kg/dm³
Bowl
Maximum main speed: 4200 rpm
Bowl length: 1512 mm
Bowl diameter: 360 mm
Beach angle: 10°
Solids discharge type: 360°-type with 6 wear liners
Solids transportation aids, cylindrical section: Ribs
Solids transportation aids, taper section: Ribs
Material - hubs: AL 111 2377 (Duplex stainless steel)
Material - bowl shell: AL 111 2349 (AISI 316)
Material - bolts: A4-80 (AISI 316)
Material - seals:
Liquid outlet, type: 6
Liquid outlet, radius: 99 mm (fitted from factory: 102 mm)
Conveyor
Material - flights: AL 111 2349 (AISI 316)
Material - hub: AL 111 2327 (Lean duplex stainless steel)
Wear Protection
Bowl solids discharge: Wear liner in tungsten carbide, 6 pieces Part No.
61242068-02
Bowl feed zone liner:
Conveyor flights: TM42 (flame sprayed tungsten carbide)
Conveyor feed zone: Tungsten Carbide wear liners
Frame / casing: Wear liner in upper casing
Frame and Casing

Material - casing / cover: Stainless steel (AISI 316)
Inside surface of casing: Liners of stainless steel at discharge areas - painting in
neutral compartment.
Gaskets / seals - casing:
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Drives
Power supply: 3 x 415 V / 50 Hz
Gearbox, type: Planetary - 2-stage
Gearbox, max. torque: 2.5 kNm
Gearbox, ratio: 1:159
Back drive: Variable Frequency Drive 5.5 kW IEC (400V, 50Hz) - min.
diff. speed 1 rpm and max. diff. speed 23 rpm (Back drive
motor, 400VD, 3000rpm, 50Hz, IEC 132, part no.
61195701-58)
Back drive parts:
Operating main speed: 4200 rpm (IEC)
Max. diff. speed and torque 23 rpm / 2.5 kNm
(at operating speed):
G-force at operating speed: 3549 G
Main motor: 30 kW ABB 400VD Y/D-VFD (200) foot – part No.
61195707-52
Main motor, protection:
Documents & Drawings

Manuals, language: Manuals in English
Dimension drawing: 61244758
Diagram, decanter junction box: 61244583
Spare Parts
Important: When ordering spare parts, always state:
Machine number and type indicated above
Part number and designation
Quantity
The decanter centrifuge complies with the essential health and safety requirements of council
directives
2006/42/EC Machinery Directive

2006/95/EC Low Voltage Directive
2004/108/EC EMC Directive
To meet the requirements, the harmonised standard EN 12547 has been used.
The technical file for decanter centrifuge is compiled and retained by Product Centre Decanters,
Alfa Laval Copenhagen A/S, Maskinvej 5, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark. Authorised person:
Jan Cederkvist, Mechanical Technology.
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DATASHEET
Noise Declaration
Noise emission data for the decanter declared in accordance with the re-
quirements in EN ISO 4871 and EN12547:
Operating Speed Sound Power Level Sound Pressure Level

LwAd LpAd
[rpm] [B(A) re 1 pW] [dB(A) re 20 μPa]
4200 9.7 79
3750 9.6 78
3150 9.5 78
2500 9.2 75
LwAd : Declared A-weighted sound power level from the decanter
LpAd : Declared A-weighted emission sound pressure level in a free field over a re-
flecting plane at 1 m distance from the decanter
Uncertainty on declared values : LwAd : KwA=2 dB
LpAd : KpA=4 dB
The noise does not contain significant impulsive or tonal components and the peak C-
weighted instantaneous sound pressure level LpCpeak is below 130 dB(C) at all operat-
ing speeds.
The emission sound power level is measured according to ISO 9614-2 while operating
the decanter with water as process medium. The sound pressure level is determined
from the measured sound power level according to EN ISO 11203.
The sound pressure level can vary –1dB to 2 dB at different positions around the decanter.
The declared values are based on measurements conducted on typical new decanters.
Note that the sound pressure levels are based on free-field conditions and not guaran-
teed values. In a normal indoor installation the sound pressure level will be significant-
ly higher than the declared free-field sound pressure level due to the reflection of
sound from walls and surroundings.
In order to minimise the sound pressure level at the decanter it is recommended to in-
stall the decanter in a room with low reflection of sound from the walls and always
keep the decanter in a properly maintained condition.
enNOI3640.fm
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Chapter Contents Page
0.0 1 Safety Instructions .............................................................. 1.0-1
2 Decanter Operating Principle ...................................... 2.0-1
2.1 Main Drive ...................................................................................... 2.1-1
2.2 Back Drive ...................................................................................... 2.2-1

2.2.1 Variable Frequency Drive Back Drive (VFD) ............................... 2.2-1
EN360009.TOC+
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3 Operation and Routine Maintenance .................... 3.1-1
3.1 Before First Start ........................................................................ 3.1-1

3.1.1 Noise and Vibrations ........................................................................ 3.1-2
3.2 Start/Stop procedures .............................................................. 3.2-1

3.2.1 Inspect Bowl ...................................................................................... 3.2-1
3.2.2 Before Start ......................................................................................... 3.2-1
3.2.2.1 Checkpoints ....................................................................................... 3.2-1
3.2.2.2 Decanters with Mechanical Seals (optional) ................................. 3.2-1
3.2.3 Start Decanter .................................................................................... 3.2-2
3.2.4 Stop Decanter .................................................................................... 3.2-2
3.3 Monitoring Operation ................................................................ 3.3-1

3.3.1 Overload ............................................................................................. 3.3-1
3.3.1.1 Causes of Overload ........................................................................... 3.3-2
3.3.1.2 Cleaning an Overloaded Bowl ........................................................ 3.3-2
3.3.2 Vibrations ........................................................................................... 3.3-3
3.3.2.1 Vibration Switch (optional) .............................................................. 3.3-3
3.4 Routine Cleaning Procedure ................................................... 3.4-1
3.5 Performance Optimization ...................................................... 3.5-1
3.6 Main Drive ...................................................................................... 3.6-1
3.7 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) ............................................ 3.7-1
3.8 Lubrication ..................................................................................... 3.8-1

3.8.1 Lubrication of Main Bearings .......................................................... 3.8-1
3.8.2 Lubrication of Conveyor Bearings ................................................. 3.8-4
3.8.2.1 “Solid Oil” Conveyor Bearings (optional)
3.8.3 Change of grease type - Compatibility of greases ....................... 3.8-5
3.8.4 Cleaning out grease exits on decanters .......................................... 3.8-5
3.8.5 Grease accepted by Alfa Laval
for lubrication of decanter bearings ............................................... 3.8-5
3.8.6 Gearbox .............................................................................................. 3.8-7
3.9 Recommended service intervals .......................................... 3.9-1
0.0-2
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4 Disassembling and Assembling ................................... 4.0-1
4.1 Rotating Assembly ...................................................................... 4.1-1

4.1.1 Remove Bowl ..................................................................................... 4.1-1
4.1.2 Install Bowl ........................................................................................ 4.1-3
4.1.3 Remove Large End Hub ................................................................... 4.1-5
4.1.4 Install Large End Hub ...................................................................... 4.1-5
4.1.5 Remove Small End Hub ................................................................... 4.1-7
4.1.6 Install Small End Hub ...................................................................... 4.1-7
4.1.7 Remove Gearbox ............................................................................... 4.1-8
4.1.8 Install Gearbox .................................................................................. 4.1-9
4.1.9 Fit New Wear Liners ........................................................................ 4.1-10
4.2 Main Bearings ............................................................................... 4.2-1

4.2.1 Disassemble Main Bearing Large End ........................................... 4.2-1
4.2.2 Assemble Main Bearing Large End ................................................ 4.2-3
4.2.3 Disassemble the Main Bearing Small End ..................................... 4.2-5
4.2.4 Assemble Main Bearing Small End ................................................ 4.2-6
4.3 Conveyor Bearings ...................................................................... 4.3-1

4.3.1 Disassemble Conveyor Bearing Large End ................................... 4.3-1
4.3.2 Assemble Conveyor Bearing Large End ........................................ 4.3-3
4.3.3 Disassemble Conveyor Bearing Small End ................................... 4.3-5
4.3.4 Assemble Conveyor Bearing Small End ........................................ 4.3-6
4.4 Conveyor ......................................................................................... 4.4-1

4.4.1 Remove Conveyor from Bowl ......................................................... 4.4-1
4.4.2 Insert Conveyor into Bowl ............................................................... 4.4-2
4.5 Main Drive ...................................................................................... 4.5-1

4.5.1 Disassemble Main Drive .................................................................. 4.5-1
4.5.2 Assemble Main Drive ....................................................................... 4.5-3
4.5.3 Tighten V-belts, Belt Tension Tables .............................................. 4.5-4
4.6 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) ............................................ 4.6-1

4.6.1 DisassembleVFD ............................................................................... 4.6-1
4.6.2 Assemble VFD ................................................................................... 4.6-1
5 Supplementary Documentation ................................. 5.0-0
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Alfa Laval Rev. 2005-05 OM
1 Safety Instructions
1.01 Safety Instructions
FAILURE TO FOLLOW THESE RULES MAY

RESULT IN SEVERE PERSONAL INJURY OR
PROPERTY DAMAGE.
The Decanter
1.0
1. The decanter delivered must not be used to separate flam-

mable, toxic, corrosive, or radioactive process media
without prior written approval from Alfa Laval.
2. Read this manual and the Operator's Manual before at-

tempting to install or operate the decanter equipment,
and follow all recommendations.
3. Do not operate the decanter with damaged or missing

warning labels.
4. Do not operate the decanter if the vibration level exceeds

24 mm/sec (RMS) (US: 1 inch/sec).
5. Do not operate the decanter with feed temperatures ex-

ceeding the limits stated on the DATA SHEET included in
all three volumes of the Instruction Manual.
6. Never attempt to start the decanter with frozen water or

frozen or hardened process material in the bowl.
7. Do not exceed the maximum bowl speed or solids density

specified on the decanter name-plate and DATA SHEET.
8. Do not operate the decanter without belt guards and other

guards provided.
9. Periodically check all the automatic shut-off devices and

monitoring systems for correct operation.
contd...
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10. Do not attempt dismantling until the decanter has come
to a complete stop, the main power is shut off, and the dis-
connected main switch is locked with a safety lock.
11. Do not operate the decanter if the bowl, motor, or sup-

porting structure show cracks, pitting, holes, or grooves.
12. Do not use tools other than those recommended by Alfa

Laval to dismantle and assemble the decanter.
13. Do not attempt to use the decanter for any application or

process material other than that stated on the original pur-
chase documentation without first consulting Alfa Laval.
14. Follow all lubricating procedures and schedules.
15. Check periodically - at least once a year - for loose bolts on

foundation and supporting structures, covers, hatches
and pipe connections of decanter and motor.
16. Do not get rags or loose clothing near rotating parts.
17. At all times follow the recommended sequence and proce-

dures for dismantling, assembly, operation, and mainte-
nance. Do not introduce new procedures without first
consulting Alfa Laval.
18. Only allow trained personnel to operate, clean, dismantle

or assemble the decanter.
19. Do not operate the decanter before the installation is com-

plete.
20. Do not operate the decanter with any electrical motor run-
ning in the opposite direction to that indicated by the ar-
rows on the frame or otherwise specified.
contd...
1.0-2
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21. If the decanter is fitted with a frequency inverter, make
sure that the maximum possible frequency will not cause
overspeeding of the decanter. At least two separate pro-
tections against overspeed must be provided. See section
6.9.
22. Do not turn on feed or water before the decanter has at-
tained its full speed.
23. If the decanter is operated with hot, corrosive, or aggres-

sive liquids, care should be taken that any incidental spill-
age from the decanter cannot hit persons below the centre
line of the decanter.
24. Never turn on feed or large amounts of hot, corrosive, or

aggressive liquids when the decanter is at a standstill, as
these liquids might hit persons below the centre line of the
decanter.
25. Never start the feed pump or flush the decanter before
opening the discharge valves or starting the discharge
pumps, including any conveying means for the liquid and
solids phases.
26. When personnel are working on a decanter with a hinged

cover, care should be taken that the cover is not closed un-
intentionally by other persons or by moving machinery,
which might cause injury.
27. Do not touch the solids phase discharging from the de-
canter as hard lumps being ejected with high speed might
cause injury.
28. When using straps to lift the complete decanter or any of

its parts such as the rotating assembly, make sure to pre-
vent the part hanging by the straps from sliding.
29. When lifting the decanter, use the slings specified on the
dimensioned drawing.
30. The lifting eyes in the bearing housings, if fitted, must not
be used for lifting the bowl assembly.
contd...
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Electrical Installation
1. Install and earth all equipment in accordance with re-

quirements of the Local Electricity Authority.
2. Use an “on-load” isolator or circuit breaker (a main switch

for switching off during run-up) on the main power sup-
ply.
3. Check that the voltage and the frequency are in agreement

with labels on motors and other electrical equipment.
4. De-energize all equipment before connecting and discon-

necting test equipment.
Repairs
1. Major repairs to decanter must not be made without first

consulting with Alfa Laval.
In no circumstances should weld repairs, heating with
a naked flame, or other alterations be made to bowl shells,
bowl hubs, gearbox adapter, shafts, or other rotating parts
without prior written approval and instructions from
Alfa Laval. Failure to obtain this approval may result in
failure of parts involved with possible serious damage to
equipment, property, or personnel.
2. Do not operate the decanter on completion of the repairs

until the belt and/or other guards are re-fitted.
contd...
1.0-4
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3. Do not exceed the maximum load carrying capacity of the
lifting tools. Only use the lifting tools for the intended
purpose.
4. Replace worn or damaged parts with only original

Alfa Laval parts.
Alfa Laval cannot be held responsible for any damage
to property or for injury to persons if genuine parts are
not used.
5. Do not interchange bowl parts, since specific parts are bal-

anced as a unit.
The Motor
1. Do not operate a decanter equipped with flame proof mo-

tor(s) and control unit(s) until all enclosures have been as-
sembled in accordance with the appropriate standards.
2. If a motor should become inoperative, immediately shut

off the power.
3. Always follow motor manufacturer's specifications on

bearing lubrication.
4. Do not attempt to operate a motor that is overheated due

to frequent starts and stops. Allow motors to cool to am-
bient temperature (as designated on the motor name-
plate) before each restart.
Do not attempt to start motor unless the rotating elements

turn freely.
contd...
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Corrosion, Erosion and Pitting of Decanter
Equipment It should be recognized that equipment sub-
jected to severe erosive or corrosive environments may deteri-
orate over a period of time, depending upon the severity of ex-
posure and/or possible misuse. Users of high speed centrifu-
gal equipment should be aware of this fact and also that ex-
tremely high forces are brought into play when their equip-
ment is in operation. Any weakening of highly stressed mem-
bers by misuse, erosion, corrosion, chemical pitting, or stress
cracking must be guarded against.
The following points should be noted and the recom-
mended action taken:
1. Inspect the outside of the bowl for erosion and corrosion,

at least every two months.
2. Do not operate equipment when:

2.1 Holes are worn through rotating parts.
2.2 Grooves greater than 2 mm (0.08 inch) deep are worn
in rotating parts.
2.3 Evidence of cracks is present in rotating parts.
2.4 Chemical pitting of 2 mm (0.08 inch) depth or greater
is present on rotating parts.
3. Chemical Pitting Observed:

All cases of chemical pitting, even under 2 mm depth,
should be monitored carefully. This action is almost al-
ways due to the breakdown of the passive film on stain-
less bowl shell walls, in the presence of chlorides. This of-
ten occurs under deposits that have not been cleaned from
the outside of the bowl wall. High temperature and high
acidity accelerate the action.
4. Pay special attention to the bolts assembling the bowl sec-

tions. If the process liquid or cleaning agents contain chlo-
rides, check these bolts at least once a year and exchange
them at least every three years. Contact Alfa Laval, if in
doubt.
Contact Alfa Laval regarding the repair or replacement of pit-

ted bowl shells or other parts.
0
1.0-6
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2 - Decanter Operating Principle
The feed enters the decanter at the intersection of the conical

and the cylindrical part of the bowl through a central feed pipe
in the hollow drive shaft. After leaving the feed pipe, the feed
suspension is distributed into the rotating liquid in the bowl
and smoothly accelerated to the full rotational speed. The cen-
trifugal force makes the solids settle at the bowl shell. The
screw conveyor continuously transports the solids toward the
conical end of the bowl and through conical bowl part.
The separation takes place throughout the total length of the

cylindrical part of the bowl, and the clarified liquid discharges
at the large end where it flows over the rim of exchangeable
and/or adjustable plate dams or power tubes.
The solids are discharged from the small end by centrifu-
gal force through outlet openings.
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Figure 2.0.1
Decanter with Baffle Disc

The space in the cylindrical and conical parts of the bowl, with
the baffle disc between them, act as two communicating ves-
sels. The plate dams or the power tubes can be set to a smaller
radius than that of the solids discharge (negative beach).
Then the heavy phase (the solids) is pressed under the
baffle disc by the hydrostatic pressure of the light phase (the
clarified liquid).
ATTENTION The liquid and the solids are discharged at roughly the same radius,
and consequently, during start-up, flushing, and irregularities in
process, discharge of liquid through the solids discharge ports may
occur owing to lack of solids in the bowl. This should be taken into
consideration when the decanter is installed.
2.0-2
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2.1 Main Drive
The decanter is driven by an electric motor. The motor shaft
carries a drive pulley, and motive power is transmitted
through V-belts to the bowl pulley to drive the bowl.
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2.2 Back Drive
The purpose of the back drive system is to make it possible to
control the speed of the sunwheel shaft of the gearbox and
consequently to control the differential speed between bowl
and conveyor.
The differential speed is controlled by a decanter controller,

which takes care of all basic control funtions related to the de-
canter.
For further details, see the specific controller manual.
2.2.1 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Back Drive
The VFD direct drive system consists of three main electrical

components: the Control system, a VFD (Variable Frequency
Drive), and an AC motor. The motor is connected to the de-
canter gearbox with a flexible coupling.
The motor speed signal is sent from the controller to the VFD.
The VFD then controls the speed of the motor. The controller
calculates the differential speed, based on the measured motor
speed. To determine the differential speed, the controller
needs information about the gearbox ratio.
The bowl speed and the sunwheel speed is measured by in-

ductive speed sensors located on the decanter.
If the motor has to brake to obtain the set speed, then the brak-
ing power could either be dissipated as heat in a resistor bank,
or in case of a full four quadrant inverter be fed back on the
grid. If a VFD is also used for the main drive, then the power
could be fed back via a DC link between the main and back
drive inverters.
The back drive controller is master of the system, and calcu-

lates the speed command signal based on the measured differ-
ential speed and conveyor torque. To determine the differen-
tial speed, the controller must have information about the gear
ratio, and measure both speed and direction of the motor/
sunwheel shaft and the speed of the bowl.
contd...
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The bowl speed is measured by an inductive speed sensor lo-
cated on the decanter, and the sunwheel or motor speed and
direction of rotation is either determined by using two sepa-
rate inductive speed sensors, or if an encoder is used, from one
of the channels of the motor encoder.
WARNING Care must be taken when setting up operational parameters.
Firstly, it must be ensured when setting up the speed range for the
variable speed motor that the conveyor can never rotate as fast as or
greater than the bowl speed. This could result in a plugged or clogged
decanter and could even mean a risk of overspeeding the bowl. The
bowl speed is determined by the type of decanter and the process.
Secondly, it must also be ensured that the maximum load does not
exceed the gearbox rating. This will result in damage to the gearbox
and pinion shaft. The maximum gearbox load depends on the size
and type of gearbox fitted.
contd...
2.2-2
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3 Operation and Routine Maintenance
3.1 Before First Start

Ensure that the transport safety devices (the yellow wedges) have been
removed. Check that the bowl rotates freely in both directions.
Read all manuals before starting the decanter.

Pay special attention to the safety instructions and the procedures for
electrical and mechanical installation of the decanter.
ATTENTION Because the main bearings are filled with grease from the factory, the
running-in procedure described in section 3.8 must be followed in
order to avoid temperature problems.
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3.1.1 Noise and Vibrations
In spite of the most accurate balancing a rotating body is always slightly

out of balance. As the bowl and the conveyor are two separately bal-
anced units rotating at different speeds, the negligible unbalance of
each unit will coincide, and a momentary increase of noise and vibra-
tion occurs in the machine.
The period of time between the moments when this happens depends
on the difference in the speeds of bowl and conveyor. The higher the
differential speed the shorter the intervals, and vice versa.
Increased unbalance caused by wear and/or accumulation of solids

will increase the amplitude of noise and vibration.
A practical hint: The differential speed of the conveyor can be found by

counting these vibrations for exactly one minute.
3.1-2
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3.2 Start/Stop procedures
3.2.1 Inspect Bowl
A bowl which has not been cleaned, but left clogged by solids
after operation must be cleaned before the decanter is restart-
ed, because dried solids may cause severe unbalance and
eventual generation of an overload condition. See section
3.3.1.
3.2.2 Before Start
3.2.2.1 Checkpoints
If the decanter has stopped due to overload, the following

points must be checked before the decanter is started:
• Are the upper and lower casings free from solids

deposits?
• Are the discharges open?
• Is the bowl easily rotated by hand?
• Are all guards correctly placed and properly secured?
3.2.2.2 Decanters with Mechanical Seals

(Optional Equipment)
Before starting a decanter with mechanical seals, the gas sup-

ply system for the seals must be activated and the flow and
pressure of gas to the seals must be checked. If the decanter is
to be used for inflammable substances, it must be purged with
inert gas and it must be ensured that the oxygen concentration
has gone down to a safe level before the machine is started.
Also during run-down until the decanter has stopped, the gas
supply to the seals must be activated. See section 3.10.1 ’Instal-
lation, Start-up and Operation of Decanters with Circumfer-
ential Seals’.
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3.2.3 Start Decanter
Release EMERGENCY STOP (in most cases: pull out the

EMERGENCY STOP knob - or turn it as indicated by arrows).
Start the decanter motor.
Wait 2-4 minutes for the decanter to attain full speed with star
connected circuit before switching to delta connected circuit.
Start the belt conveyor or other transport means for dis-

charged solids.
Open the feed valve (if any).
Start polymer pump (if used).
Start the feed pump.
3.2.4 Stop Decanter
ATTENTION When stopping a decanter with mechanical seals make sure that the
supply of gas continues until the decanter has stopped.
Stop feed and polymer pumps (if used), close feed valve (if fit-
ted).
Before stopping, flush out with water of suitable temperature.

Flush while the machine is running.
Stopping the decanter before its bowl is sufficiently
cleaned may give rise to heavy vibrations both during decant-
er rundown and during its successive run-up.
ATTENTION When flushing decanters for fat and oil applications, optimal flushing
effect is achieved by using flushing liquids holding temperatures above
the melting points of the fats and oils run through the decanter.
Using e.g. cold water might cause solidified lumps of fat/oils to re-
main in the decanter, which in their turn would give unbalance during
decanter rundown and during its successive run-up.
Stop the decanter motor when the bowl is thoroughly flushed.
Do not flush the decanter when it is inactive.
Press the CENTRIFUGE STOP button on operator panel.
3.2-2
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3.3 Monitoring Operation
Make particularly sure that there is no increase in vibration.
Check the surface temperature of the main bearing housings from

time to time. A temperature rise may indicate a possible malfunc-
tion in the bearing.
ATTENTION The alarm level for main bearing temperature is 110°C (230°F). At
this temperature level the bearing must be monitored. Especially if
the increase of temperature is very steep or appears without any ob-
vious reason such as after lubrication of the bearing or increased feed
or ambient temperature.
The shut down level is 120° C (248°F). At this temperature the de-
canter must shut down immediately. If after a restart the tempera-
ture again increases to 120°C (248°F), the bearing must be replaced.
After lubrication the temperature may remain high for some hours.
3.3.1 Overload
If the centrifuge torque exceeds a certain limit, the control system

will deactivate the feed permissive contact and stop the feed and
polymer pumps.
Under these circumstances the control system can be reset and
the feed pump restarted from the control panel.
If the conveyor torque exceeds a higher limit, the main motor will
be also be switched off.
Then it is advisable to have the feed replaced by water until the
bowl speed has reached 300 r p m.
When the bowl has stopped rotating, reset the control system to
operative condition.
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3.3.1.1 Causes of Overload
The causes of overload may be:
• Too high throughput.

• Too high feed concentration.
• The properties of the solids (prestraining or grinding the proc-
ess liquid before feeding it into the decanter may be necessary).
• Too low differential speed.
• Solids clogging the discharge from the casing. (Main motor
overload.)
• Too high bowl speed.
3.3.1.2 Cleaning an Overloaded Bowl
If the decanter has stopped due to too high torque on the conveyor,
and the decanter is unable to scroll itself free during a new start, or
when running CIP with an AC back drive, the causes of overload
may be as described above, and the only way to clean the bowl will
be to disassemble the bowl according to instructions given in sec-
tion 4.4.1.
When cleaning the conveyor, be careful to clean all of the flights to

avoid unbalance when running the decanter after assembly.
ATTENTION It is forbidden to attempt to eliminate the overload on a decanter with

a standard gearbox by fixing the sunwheel shaft and rotate the bowl,
or on a decanter with DD gearbox to use spanners or the like to rotate
the sunwheel shaft, due to the fact that it can cause damage on either
the gearbox, the spline shaft or the large end hub.
3.3-2
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3.3.2 Vibrations
If excessive vibrations occur while the bowl rotates, stop the main
motor immediately and supply liquid to soften the vibrations.
3.3.2.1 Vibration Switch (Optional Equipment)
To protect the decanter against damage due to heavy vibration, it

can be equipped with a vibration sensor which cuts off the power
supply to the main motor and the feed pump in case of excessive de-
canter vibrations.
The control panel (or the motor starter) must be provided with
a terminal for the vibraswitch.
Being erected on vibration dampers, the decanter deflects
greatly during starting and stopping, but these oscillations are so
soft that they will not activate the vibraswitch.
Four types of vibration switches are available:
2Touch Vibration Sensor

The 2Touch control system is equipped with two vibration sensors.
One sensor is placed on each bearing house.
See 2Touch manuals for more information on 2Touch vibration
sensors.
IFM Vibration Sensor

Shut down RMS is set to 24 mm/sec (0.9 in/sec).
Alarm RMS is set to 18 mm/sec (0.7 in/sec).
Delay is set to 5 sec.
4-20 mA vibration signal from IFM sensor equals 0-50 mm/sec

RMS.
Alarm levels are set in external control equipment or limit
switch with two outputs.
Vitec Vibration Switch

The standard factory-set levels are 19 mm/sec (0.7 in/sec) for alarm
level and 31 mm/sec (1.2 in/sec) for decanter shutdown level.
For further details about the vibration switch, see sub-suppli-
er's descriptions included in the decanter supply.
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Robertshaw Vibration Switch (Fig. 3.3.1)
Resetting
This vibration switch is reset manually by pressing the reset button,
see figure 3.3.1 below
Adjusting
To adjust this vibration switch to trip at the correct vibration level,
proceed as follows:
When the decanter is not operating, turn the adjusting screw clock-
wise until the vibraswitch trips.
Then reset it and find the tripping point again. Repeat this pro-
cedure a couple of times to ensure that the correct tripping point has
been found.
Then turn the adjusting screw counterclockwise one time and a
third.
Reset Button
Adjusting Screw
Figure 3.3.1 Resetting the Robertshaw Vibration Switch
ATTENTION Re-adjustment may be required if the vibraswitch shuts off the power
supply because the building where the decanter equipped with vi-
braswitch is operating begins to vibrate heavily.
3.3-4
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3.4 Routine Cleaning Procedure
Before starting a cleaning process, please note that the below
procedure is not product specific and therefore is only intend-
ed as a guide.
Before the decanter is stopped, close the valve to the feed and
raise the differential speed, if possible, in order to transport
the last solids remains out of the bowl. Always make sure to
take precautions against outflow of fluids to other machines
which provide further treatment of the solids after the separa-
tion process, such as for instance sludge drier or the like. This
can be done by redirecting the decanter's slide gates or by-pass
system.
Instructions:
1. Flush the decanter with water until the discharged flush-

ing water from the large end looks clean and clear.
ATTENTION On decanters with paring disc the flow must not exceed the capacity
of the paring disc.
2. Switch off the main motor, but continue to flush. Shut off
the water before the bowl speed decelerates below 300
rpm.
3. Open the upper casing of the bowl and check visually if

both upper and lower casings are clean. Check also if
there is still product in the bowl. This is done by looking
into the bowl through the holes of the large end hub and
the solids discharge.
4. Now check if the flushing had the intended effect on the

bowl. This is done by turning the sun wheel shaft by hand
without moving the bowl.
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5. If item 3 and item 4 are not satisfactory, the decanter must
be accelerated to operating speed again, and the proce-
dure is repeated from item 1. If it is not possible to prop-
erly clean the bowl according to the above procedure, the
bowl must be disassembled and then cleaned.
After having done the above procedure, the observations

should be evaluated regarding time intervals of the flushing
time in order to obtain the optimum cleaning.
Note!
The optimum flushing time of the decanter very much de-
pends on the operating conditions.
• If the vibrations level is higher than normal during start-

up, the time interval of the flushing of the bowl must be in-
creased.
• If the vibrations are not too high at any time, the flushing
is of appropriate length.
3.4-2
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3.5 Performance Optimization
The decanter can be adjusted to suit individual requirements
by varying the following control parameters:
Bowl Speed
By varying the rotational speed of the bowl, the G-force can be

adjusted to suit the application. The higher speed, the better
separation.
Liquid Level
Adjust the liquid level (pond depth) to give the optimal bal-
ance between liquid clarity and solids dryness by selecting dif-
ferent plate dams or power tubes.
In general terms, the centrate becomes more clear and the
cake more wet when diminishing the liquid radius and vice
versa.
Differential Speed (Δn or ΔRPM)
The dryness of the cake can be increased when operating with

a lower differential speed, but the centrate will be less clear
and vice versa. The torque increases with the lower Δn.
The differential speed can be regulated automatically to
compensate for varying content of solids in the feed.
Feed rate
The lower feed rate, the better separation.
contd...
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3.6 Main Drive
ATTENTION Store spare V-belts in a dry and cool place.
Never roll up the V-belts. Sharp bends will damage them.
Before installing new belts, check the pulleys for wear, using,
if necessary, a profile and groove gauge.
When installing new belts, rotate the belt drive a few turns be-
fore measuring the belt tension, repeating this procedure until
the belt tension is correct. For the belt tension values, refer to
section 4.5.
Check the belt tension after 0.5-4 hours of full load opera-
tion and then every 4000 hours, referring to section 4.5 for the
belt tension values, and not forgetting to rotate the belt drive
every time before measuring the belt tension.
All types of V-belts used for the main drive should normally
be exchanged every 16000 hours.
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3.7 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
Refer to section 5 ’Supplementary Documentation’ for the spe-
cific descriptions of the electrical motor and the frequency in-
verter and follow the given instructions for service and main-
tenance.
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3.8
Figure 3.8.1
1. Main Bearing, Large End 2. Main Bearing, Smal End
3. Conveyor Bearing, Large End 4. Conveyor Bearing, Small End
5. Discharge opening, Large End 6. Discharge Opening, Small End
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3.8 Lubrication
(Fig. 3.8.1 shows where the lubricating nipples are located)
General
The lubricants for the decanter must always be stored in a cool, dry, in-
door area, and be protected from sunlight. Lubricant properties are very
sensitive to contamination and lubricants must never be stored in open
containers. It is strongly recommended to use lubrication grease supplied
in 400 g (14 ounce) cartridges. If larger containers are used, it is required
to be very careful, avoid any contamination and always keep the contain-
ers completely closed. Lubricant properties will change during storage
and the recommended maximum shelf life from the date of filling of the
lubricant container is 2 years for grease and 10 years for oil.
ATTENTION The lubrication kit supplied with decanter contains two grease guns
labelled with grease type, one for the main bearings and one for the
conveyor bearings. Be very careful not to mix the grease types when
lubricating the bearings or filling the grease guns. Use of wrong
grease in the bearings may result in bearing failure.
The grease gun included in the standard decanter delivery will give
1.5 g (0.05 oz) in each stroke. For part number: see list of tools in
Spare Parts catalogue.
3.8.1 Lubrication of Main Bearings

(Nipples 1 and 2 in Fig. 3.8.1)
The main bearings shall always be lubricated while the decanter is run-
ning. The optimal lubrication result is obtained if the decanter is lubricat-
ed while running at low speed such as during stopping of the decanter or
towards the end of a low speed CIP cycle. Lubrication at low speed shall
be used whenever possible.
The standard lubrication interval and lubricant quantity is:

Lubrication time interval: 300 operating hours
Lubricant quantity: 9 g (0.32 oz) - 6 strokes with std. grease gun
Lubricate bearings in both ends with the above, specified quantity.
For decanters operating under extreme temperature conditions and with

bearing temperatures constantly above 70°C (160°F), the time interval be-
tween each lubrication shall be shortened to 150 hours.
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It is possible to use shorter time intervals, but if a shorter time interval is
used, the quantity of grease shall always be reduced with the same factor
as the time interval.
Example: If the quantity of grease specified for 300 hours is X grams,

and the time interval between lubrication is 24 hours the
required grease quantity is:
24-
-------- X grams
300
Note: If the standard lubrication time interval is shortened due to extreme

temperature conditions, the shortened interval shall be used in the above
calculation.
The grease quantity and the specified lubrication interval must never be
exceeded. Exceeding the specified quantity will cause over-greasing and
risk of high bearing temperatures. Exceeding the time interval will lead to
insufficient lubrication of the bearings.
Temperature alarm limits

The bearings can withstand a temperature of 120°C / 274°F. For decanters
where the bearing temperature is measured with a PT100 sensor directly
on the bearing outer race, the temperature limits are:
Warning limit: 110°C / 256°F

Stop limit: 120°C / 274°F
For bearing temperatures measured on the surface of the bearing hous-

ings, the temperature limits shall be reduced with approximately 10°C
(18°F).
It is always important to ensure that PT100 sensors are properly fitted and
the tip of the sensor is in good contact with the bearing outer race.
3.8-2
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Temperature peaks
When a bearing is lubricated it is normal that there is a temperature peak
just after lubrication. The temperature peaks are caused by the heat gen-
erated, when grease is pushed away from the rolling elements. The tem-
perature peaks are not critical, unless the bearing temperature exceeds the
temperature limits or does not start to decrease to a normal level after 2-4
hours. If the temperature does not decrease it can be a sign of either bear-
ing contamination or hardened grease inside the bearing. Frequent greas-
ing with smaller quantities will normally lead to smaller temperature
peaks and is therefore recommended, if there are problems with high tem-
perature peaks.
If there is a suspicion that a bearing has hardened or contaminated grease,

the recommended procedure is to dismantle and clean the bearing com-
pletely or change it. Grease should not be tried to be pushed out by add-
ing large amounts of new grease or blowing with compressed air.
First start of a decanter – running in

When a decanter is received from the factory the bearing is filled with
grease. This is to protect the bearing against contamination and drying
out during transport and storage. It is therefore advised not to the start the
decanter at full speed, but first do a low speed rotation of the decanter. If
the decanter is driven with a frequency inverter, this can be obtained by
running the decanter 15-20 minutes at the speed for low speed CIP or run
a low speed CIP cycle without feed or water. If the decanter does not have
a frequency inverter, it is advised to do 5 repeated starts where the decant-
er is stopped when it has reached a speed of approximately 500 r.p.m.
Automatic lubrication system (Optional)

The decanter can be equipped with an automatic lubrication system for
the main bearings. The pumping time and the time interval between lu-
brication are controlled with a timer.
The timer settings shall be:

Time interval between lubrication: 6 hours
Lubricant quantity at each lubrication: 0.2 grams (0.008 ounce)
Pumping time*): 2 minutes
*) The pumping time is based on a pump delivering 6 grams per hour at

each outlet at continuous pumping. If the lubrication pump is calibrated
to deliver a different amount per hour, the pumping time shall be adjust-
ed in a proportional manner in order to obtain the same quantity of grease
as obtained with the above settings.
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3.8.2 Lubrication of Conveyor Bearings
(Nipples 3 and 4 in Fig. 3.8.1)
At lubrication of conveyor bearings, the decanter must be stopped and the

main power must be properly disconnected according to the safety in-
structions.
The conveyor bearings shall normally be lubricated for each 1000 hours. Note that
this will coincide with the mandatory visual inspection of bowl, casing and gearbox.
Lubricant quantity, both ends: 30 g (1.06 oz) - 20 strokes with std. grease gun
Lubricate bearings in both ends with the above, specified quantity.
For decanters operating with feed temperatures above 90°C (200°F), the
lubrication interval shall be shortened to 500 hours.
If the decanter is cleaned with low speed CIP, it is recommended to lubri-

cate the conveyor bearings after the low speed. The quantity of grease
shall be reduced according to the number of operating hours between
each low speed CIP.
Example: If the quantity of grease specified for 1000 hours is X

grams, and the time interval between lubrication is 40 op-
erating hours, the required grease quantity is
40 -
----------- X grams
1000
3.8.2.1 “Solid Oil” Conveyor Bearings (Optional)
The decanter can for some applications be equipped with conveyor bear-
ings of the “Solid Oil” type.
The “Solid Oil” bearings are lubricated for life and are, in principle, main-
tenance free, but it is recommended to now and then lubricate these bear-
ings with a smaller amount of grease to protect the bearings against con-
tamination from the outside. Do not use more than 1/4 of the normal
grease quantity in order not to damage the seals.
contd...
3.8-4
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3.8.3 Change of grease type - Compatibility of
greases
If the grease used for a bearing is changed, it must be checked that the
thickener of new grease is compatible with the old grease. If they are
not compatible, the bearings and lubrication channels must be cleaned
and free of old grease before the grease is changed. For main bearings it
is strongly recommended to clean out even if the grease types are listed
as compatible in order to get the optimum result. For conveyor bearings
it is usually enough to purge out the old grease. Lubricating with twice
the amount specified for normal lubrication will ensure this.
3.8.4 Cleaning out grease exits on decanters

It is recommended to do a cleaning of the grease exits from the bearing
housings each time the decanter is stopped for conveyor bearing lubri-
cation and inspection. This will ensure that the grease exit is not
blocked with old, hardened grease.
3.8.5 Grease accepted by Alfa Laval for lubrication

of decanter bearings
Main- and conveyor bearing grease is SKF LGHP 2.

(Alfa Laval p/n 61203671-50)
For food applications, conveyor bearing grease is Anderol FGCS-2.

(Alfa Laval p/n 61203671-58)
Customers using other grease types, please consult Alfa Laval for
advice.
contd...
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Figure 3.8.2
contd...
3.8-6
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3.8.6 Gearbox (Fig. 3.8.2)
Change the oil in the gearbox for each 2000 operating hours.
Lubricant Quantities
Alfa Laval 61203671-10
61203671-16 2.5 kNm : 2.5 Litres (2 3/ 4 quarts)
3.5 kNm DD : 4.0 Litres (4 1/ 4 quarts)
Statoil Mereta 320
In the front face of the gearbox there are two plugs (drain plugs) screwed
into two holes.
Drain the oil from the gearbox into a suitable container as follows:
Rotate the gearbox until the two drain plugs are set in vertical align-
ment.
Remove the upper plug and subsequently the lower plug, and drain
all oil from the gearbox.
After draining, flush the gearbox with clean gearbox oil: Insert one of
the removed drain plugs into the lower hole and pour approx. 1 litre of
gearbox oil through the upper hole, using an oil syringe. Insert the second
plug into the upper hole and rotate the gearbox by hand as fast as possible
and drain it again as described above.
Then refill the gearbox with oil of the quality given in the lubrication
table. To check the oil level, rotate the gearbox until its arrow marked
"UP" points straight up. The oil surface inside the gearbox should then
level with the upper drain hole (see level indication mark in Fig. 3.8.3 be-
low).
Oil level
Figure 3.8.3
contd...
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Decanter Supply including Gearbox Oil Pump
Change the oil in the gearbox at the intervals given in Lubrication Table.
In the front face of the gearbox there are two plugs (drain plugs) screwed
into two holes.
Drain the oil from the gearbox into a suitable container as follows:
Rotate the gearbox until the two drain plugs are set in vertical align-
ment.
First remove the upper plug and then place a hopper in the bottom
plate hole. Rotate the gearbox by 180° and remove the second plug. After
draining, fit the connection for the filling hose into the lower hole and
then connect the filling hose with oil pump to the gearbox. Leave the gear-
box hole with filling hose downwards during refilling of oil.
Refill the gearbox with oil of the quality given in the lubrication table.
To check the oil level, rotate the gearbox until its arrow marked "UP"
points straight up. The oil surface inside the gearbox should then level
with the upper drain hole.
After filling, fit one of the plugs into the upper hole and rotate the
gearbox by 180°. Then remove the filling hose and the connection and fit
the second plug into the hole.
Figure 3.8.4
3.8-8
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3.9 Recommended service intervals
Major service is replacement of all bearings and all seals while intermedi-
ate (or minor) service is replacement of seals only.
It is difficult give a precise answer how often major service and interme-
diate service must be done because the wear and contamination risk is
both application and installation related. Therefore it must be based on ac-
tual application experience. As a rule of thumb it is recommended to carry
out a major service every second year and a minor service in the interme-
diate year. For some applications such as applications with high temper-
atures, frequent CIP, contaminated environment and for decanters with
paring disks, a major service at least once every year is recommended.
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Maintenance Table
Recommended Intervals for Maintenance

Item Interval
Gearbox Oil Leakage Check
Change lip seal(s) at sunwheel Monthly
shaft(s) if leaking
Oil Level Check 1000
Oil Change 2000
Gearbox
Lubricate splines At each major service
Spline Shaft
Motor(s) Lubrication 20001)
V-belts Tightening up and Check 2000
Change 16000
Bowl Check for wear and corrosion.
For decanters operating at high tempera-
tures and/or high chloride levels in feed,
check bolts connecting bowl section for
1000
corrosion and stress corrosion cracks.
See safety instructions for details.
Solids Discharge Check
Wear Protection If damaged or excessively worn, 1000
fit new immediately.
Safety Equipment Check functioning of:
All alarm devices 2000
Safety equipment
Labels Check:
Nameplate and warning labels. 2000
Replace if not readable.
Foundation bolts Check tightening 4000
Vibration dampers Check
Fit new, if necessary.
4000
Table 3.9.1
1) 2000 hours, unless specified otherwise in separate motor manual.
contd...
3.9-2
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4 Disassembling and Assembling
WARNING Do not make any disassembly/assembly operations on the decanter
unless the main power is shut off, and the disconnected main switch
is locked with a safety lock.
Replacing parts
To ensure trouble-free operation of the decanter, great care

must be taken during replacement of parts:
• Contacting and sliding surfaces, as well as O-rings and

seals must be care fully cleaned.
• Always place removed parts on a clean, soft surface to

avoid scratching the surfaces.
• Ensure that screws used to pull parts from each other

have smooth ends.
O-rings, Seals, and Gaskets
Check O-rings, seals and gaskets for defects.
Check that O-ring grooves and sealing surfaces are clean.
After replacing an O-ring, check that it fills the groove com-

pletely and that it is not twisted.
Ensure that seals are mounted with the open end pointing the
correct way. See illustrations.
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Special tools
Always use the recommended special tools for removing,

disassembling, assembling, and mounting the bowl. In case of
negligence of this point, Alfa Laval accepts no liability for pos-
sible damage to the parts.
Alfa Laval supplies a variety of special tools and accesso-
ries to facilitate maintenance of the decanter. See volume SPC
(Spare Parts Catalogue).
When lifting the decanter assembly use the

slings specified on the dimensioned drawing.
When Lifting Minor Decanter Parts by Straps

always use lifting straps having a load capacity of minimum
1000 kg (2200 lbs).
Vibration Dampers
Check regularly and change those crumbled and dampers
whose rubber has swelled or cracked. Do not run the decanter
if any of its dampers is defective.
4.0-2
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Spare Parts Kits
Alfa Laval supplies three types of spare parts kits for the de-
canter:
The intermediate kit for main bearings and conveyor

bearings, respectively, contain rubber parts for the main bear-
ings and the conveyor bearings.
The major kit for main bearings and conveyor bearings, re-
spectively, contains parts necessary for the complete overhaul
of the decanter. It includes all sealing components and bear-
ings. See volume SPC (Spare Parts Cataloque).
The gearbox kit includes the lip seal for the sun wheel and
the O-ring between the splined nave and the gearbox cover.
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4.1S
Figure 4.1.1
4.1-0
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4.1 Rotating Assembly
4.1.1 Remove Bowl (Figs. 4.1.1 and 4.1.2)
AVISO Do under no circumstances loosen or remove the upper casing while

the bowl is rotating.
Disassemble the main drive according to instructions in sec-

tion 4.5.1.
Disassemble the back drive according to instructions in sec-

tion 4.6.1.
Table 4.1.1
Figure 4.1.2
Remove the four screws [2] and the wear liner [3].
Remove the four Hexagon socket fitted bolts [25] from the pil-
low blocks (see Figure 4.1.2).
ATTENTION If the bolts are removed by using an electrical or pneumatic spanner,

unscrew the bolts at low speed; otherwise there is a risk of seizing be-
tween the bolt and the frame.
Remove the eight screws [26] holding the pillow blocks.
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Now remove the bowl assembly by means of the lifting tool.
Place the tool on top of the bowl at the centre of gravity
and pull the tow straps around the bowl and place the ends of
the straps in the hook of the crane, as shown in Figure 4.1.3.
ATTENTION Check that the two bars are placed underneath the bowl and the two
straps are placed tightly around the bowl.
The individual design of both bowl and conveyor means that

each bowl has its own centre of gravity and, as a consequence
of this, that the axial point on the lifting tool corresponding to
the bowl centre of gravity displaces accordingly. To find bowl
centre of gravity, proceed as follows:
Place the lifting tool around the bowl and lift the bowl
carefully, to see how the bowl balances.
If the bowl is not in balance, place the bowl in horizontal
position on the frame, move the lifting tool closer to the heavy
end of the bowl and lift the bowl carefully again.
Repeat this procedure until the bowl is in balance.
Carefully lift the bowl assembly off the lower casing and place
it on the lifting tool.
4.1-2
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Figure 4.1.3
4.1.2 Install Bowl (Figs. 4.1.1 and 4.1.2)
When installing the bowl, clean the pillow block contact sur-
faces and the frame before lowering the bowl into place.
Pull the tow straps around the bowl.

Place them in the hook of the crane as shown in Figure
4.1.3.
Lower the bowl assembly onto the frame.
ATTENTION If the gearbox is equipped with a reaction arm, as shown in Figure

4.1.3, then be very careful not to damage it when lowering the bowl
assembly.
Either remove the reaction arm during assembly, or turn it up-
wards.
After the bowl has been placed and the pillow blocks aligned,
the four Hexagon socket fitted bolts [25] must be inserted.
Tighten the eight screws [26] securing the pillow blocks to a

torque of 197 Nm (1743 in-lbs).
Install the wear liner [3] and secure with the four screws [2].
Assemble the main drive according to the instructions in sec-

tion 4.5.2.
Assemble the back drive according to the instructions in sec-

tion 4.6.2.
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Figure 4.1.4
4.1-4
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4.1.3 Remove Large End Hub (Fig. 4.1.4)
This procedure describes how to remove the large end hub

with the gearbox assembled to it. For removal of the gearbox
from the large end hub, see section 4.1.7.
ATTENTION When removing the large end hub [1], always suspend it with a sling
from a hoist or the like, to avoid excessive load to the needle
bearing [9]. Place a sling around both sides of the pillow block.
Remove 23 of the 24 long screws [3], loosen the last one, and
leave it in place until the end hub [1] is ready to be removed.
The end hub can now be jacked out: Using the three jacking
screws [4], clear it of the bowl.
Be careful not to damage the needle bearing [9].
Remove the loosened long screw [3] left in place and carefully
pull out the end hub [1].
Turn the three jacking screws [4] back to their original posi-
tion. They must not stick out through the large end hub con-
tact surface when the hub is re-installed.
4.1.4 Install Large End Hub (Fig. 4.1.4)
This procedure describes how to install the large end hub with
the gearbox assembled to it. For assembling the gearbox to the
large end hub, see section 4.1.8.
ATTENTION When mounting the large end hub [1], always suspend it with a
sling from a hoist or the like, to avoid excessive load to the needle
Grease the outside of the O-rings [13], [106] and [14].
Place the large end hub [1] on the bowl, being careful not
to damage the needle bearing [9].
Fit the 24 screws [3] and tighten them to a torque of 22 Nm

(195 in-lbs).
Fasten the three jacking screws [4].
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Figure 4.1.5
4.1-6
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4.1.5 Remove Small End Hub (Fig. 4.1.5)
ATTENTION When removing the small end hub [1], always suspend it with a
sling from a hoist or the like, to avoid excessive load to the ball
Loosen the twelve screws [6] and remove them.
Lossen the eight screws [9] and remove them.
The hub can now be carefully pulled out. Use, if necessary, a

plastic hammer on the edge of the hub to loosen it.
4.1.6 Install Small End Hub (Fig. 4.1.5)
ATTENTION When mounting the small end hub [1], always suspend it with a
sling from a hoist or the like, to avoid excessive load to the ball
Fit the conveyor according to instruction given in section 4.4.2.
Grease the outside of the O-rings [5], [100], and [102].
Fill up with grease the ball bearing outer race [3] and distrib-
ute the grease with the fingers.
Place the small end hub [1] on the bowl. To align the holes in
the retaining ring [4] with the holes in the hub [1], use a pin [A]
as indicated in Figure 4.1.6, and secure the ring [4] with the
screws [6]. Replace the pin [A] with a screw [6] when the holes
are aligned. Tighten the screws [6] to a torque of 44 Nm (389
in-lbs). Secure the hub with two of the screws [9], and be care-
ful not to damage the ball bearing [3] during this process.
Fit the remaining six screws [9] and tighten them to a torque of
76 Nm (672 in-lbs).
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Figure 4.1.6
4.1.7 Remove Gearbox (Fig. 4.1.7)
Figure 4.1.7
ATTENTION When removing or installing the gearbox, always suspend it from a

hoist or the like to avoid excessive load to the splined shaft. Use the
lifting sling* as shown in Figure 4.1.7.
Remove the six screws (M16) connecting the gearbox to the

gearbox adapter. Place the sling* as shown in Figure 4.1.7.
Suspend the gearbox from a hoist or the like and jack it
* For P/N, see Spare Parts Catalogue
4.1-8
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out, using the three jacking screws.
Turn the jacking screws back to their original position. They

must not stick out through the contact surface between the
gearbox and the gearbox adapter when the gearbox is in-
stalled again.
Carefully pull out the suspended gearbox.
The splined shaft can now be removed by hand.
4.1.8 Install Gearbox
Apply an ample amount of grease* to the splined shaft and the

splined hub in the conveyor.
Push the gearbox assembly with splined shaft carefully into

place.
Rotate the sunwheel shaft a few turns, to make the splines en-
gage.
2.5 kNm Gearbox Insert the six screws (M16) assembling the gearbox adapter to
3.5 kNm Gearbox
the gearbox and tighten them to a torque of 197 Nm (1743
in-lbs) in the sequence shown in Figure 4.1.8.
Figure 4.1.8
* For P/N, see Spare Parts Catalogue, Section TOOLS AND LUBRICANTS
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4.1.9 Fit New Wear Liners (Fig. 4.1.9).
3.
Figure 4.1.9
When the small end hub has been demounted, it is possible to

exchange the wear liners [1]. Do not expect to reuse the old
wear liners after demounting as the material is very brittle and
probably will break.
Demounting of worn wear liners:
Disconnect the wear liner [1] with a small chisel and a ham-
mer. Be careful not to damage the mating surfaces on the
spokes of the hub.
4.1-10
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Mounting of new wear liners:
- Clean the surface for glue residues, and thoroughly clean

all surfaces that are to be glued, on spokes and wear liners
[1] with acetone.
- Apply Araldite 2014 zigzag-wise on the inner side of the

wear liner [1].
- The wear liner [1] is placed on the spoke and rotated back
and forth until it feels as if it is floating. Then it is pushed
into place and secured with a rubber band. Be careful that
the gap is completely filled with glue.
- Remove excess Araldite.
Hardening time: 3.5 hours at 20oC (68oF)

0.5 hour at 60oC (140oF)
5 min. at 100oC (212oF)
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4.2
Figure 4.2.1
4.2-0
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4.2 Main Bearings (Fig. 4.2.1)
4.2.1 Disassemble Main Bearing Large End
Prior to disassembling the main bearing large end, the gearbox

must be removed according to instructions given in section
4.1.7.
Remove the 10 screws [13].

Using two of them as jacking screws, pull off the gearbox
adapter [1], tightening the jacking screws equally to avoid
pulling out the adapter [1] askew.
Remove the four short screws [21].
Fit the puller block [12] (Figure 4.2.2) on the pinion and use
two of the screws [13] for the gear flange [1] to secure the
block.
Fit the puller tool* on the pillow block, as shown in Figure
4.2.2, and pull off the assembly consisting of pillow block [5],
ball bearing [14], ring [15], V-ring holder [16], and the bearing
cover [6].
Figure 4.2.2
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Disassemble the pillow block: Remove, in the following order,
the four long screws [4], the bearing cover [6], the V-ring hold-
er [16], and the ring [15].
Use a hammer and a brass mandrel to remove the ball bearing

[14], taking care that the mandrel does not damage the pillow
block [5].
Remove, by hand, the guard ring [17] and the shield [7].
If necessary, remove the eight screws [11] and the splash disc
[8].
4.2-2
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4.2.2 Assemble Main Bearing Large End (Fig. 4.2.1)
Fit by hand the splash disc [8] on the pinion.

Insert an tighten the eight screws [11].
Fit the O-Ring [212] on the shield [7] and place the shield on
the pinion. Make sure its 'cut edge' points downwards.
Fit the guard ring [17] on the pinion, its two holes pointing
outwards.
Push the bearing cover [6] on the guard ring [17], its grease
discharge pointing downwards, and then fit the V-Ring hold-
er [16] on the pinion.
Insert the ball bearing [14] into the pillow block [5] and grease
the balls.
Then fit the ring [15] and push carefully the assembly on
the pinion.
ATTENTION The ball bearing must be exchanged after disassembly as it may have
been damaged during removal.
Insert the four long screws [4] attaching the bearing cover [6]
to the pillow block [5], and the four short screws [21] securing
the shield [7].
Tighten all twelve screws.
Carefully clean the contact surfaces between the gearbox

adapter [1] and the pinion.
Place the gearbox adapter [1] on the large end pinion,
aligning the axial hole in the adapter and the guide pin on the
end surface of the pinion.
Fit the 10 screws [13]. Tighten them to a torque of 136 Nm

(1204 in-lbs), tightening them crosswise a few times to ensure
tightening of all 10 screws to the correct torque.
Install the gearbox according to the instructions given in sec-

tion 4.1.8.
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Figure 4.2.3
4.2-4
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4.2.3 Disassemble the Main Bearing Small End
(Fig. 4.2.3)
Remove the eight screws [24].
Using two M10 jacking screws, pull off the pulley [28], tight-
ening the jacking screws equally, to avoid pulling the pulley
[28] askew.
Remove the four short screws [21] and the four long screws
[4].
Now remove by hand the complete bearing assembly consist-

ing of pillow block [5], roller bearing outer race [22], and ring
[15].
Use a hammer and a brass mandrel to remove the roller bear-

ing outer race [22]. Take care that the mandrel does not dam-
age the pillow block [5].
The roller bearing inner race [22] can be removed from the pin-
ion by means of a standard two-armed puller* as shown in
Figure 4.2.4. Two milled recesses in the V-ring holder [16] al-
low space for the puller claws.
Figure 4.2.4
Remove, by hand and in the order mentioned, the remaining
part: V-ring holder [16], bearing cover [6], guard ring [17] and
shield [20].
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4.2.4 Assemble Main Bearing Small End (Fig. 4.2.3)
Fit the O-Ring [211] on the shield [20] and place it on the pin-
ion.
Fit the guard ring [17] on the pinion, its two holes pointing
outwards.
Push the bearing cover [6] on the guard ring [17], grease
discharge pointing downwards, and then fit the V-ring holder
[16] on the pinion.
Heat the main bearing inner race [22] to a temperature of 80°C

(175°F) by means of an induction heater or in an oven, and
push it on the pinion as far as it goes; it must seat fully against
the V-ring holder [16] all around.
ATTENTION Don’t use any tool when pushing the main bearing inner race [22]
against the V-ring holder [16] as this may damage the V-ring holder.
When assembling the pulley, it will press the bearing to correct po-
sition.
Insert the roller bearing outer race [22] into the pillow block [5]
and grease the rollers.
Then fit the ring [15] and push carefully the assembly on
the main bearing inner race [22].
Insert the four long screws [4] attaching the bearing cover [6]
to the pillow block [5] and the four short screws [21] securing
the shield [20].
Tighten all eight screws.
Make sure that the O-Rings [23] lie correctly in their grooves,
and that they are not damaged.
Fit the pulley [28].
Fit the eight screws [24] and tighten them to a torque of 47 Nm

(416 in-lbs), tightening them crosswise a few times, to ensure
tightening of all eight screws to the correct torque.
Install the small end hub according to the instructions given in

section 4.1.6.
4.2-6
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4.3y
Figure 4.3.1
4.3-0
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4.3 Conveyor Bearings (Fig. 4.3.1)
4.3.1 Disassemble Conveyor Bearing Large End
Remove the large end hub according to instructions given in

section 4.1.3.
Remove the lock ring [10].
Remove the needle bearing inner race [9] by means of a stand-

ard two-armed puller tool as shown in Figure 4.3.2.
Figure 4.3.2
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Remove the snap ring ([11] in figure 4.3.1).
Insert the puller* [1] as shown in Figure 4.3.3. Tighten the
nut [2] so that the conical ring [5] expands between the needle
bearing outer race [9] and the hub.
Insert the screw [7] and the block [12] by using two of the
screws ([15] in Figure 4.2.1) holding the gearbox flange. Push
off the needle bearing outer race [9] by turning the screw [7].
Figure 4.3.3
4.3-2
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4.3.2 Assemble Conveyor Bearing Large End
(Fig. 4.3.1)
If the end flange [8] has been removed and disassembled, as-
semble the parts in the following order:
Fit the O-ring [105] in the end flange [8].
Insert the end flange [8]. Fit the twelve screws [12] and
tighten them to a torque of 22 Nm (195 in-lbs).
Heat the needle bearing inner race [9] by means of an induc-

tion heater or in an oven to approximately 80°C (175°F) and fit
it on the inner pinion; be sure it seats fully against the shoulder
of the pinion. Fit the lock ring [10].
Fit the needle bearing outer race [9] onto the large end hub. Fit
the snap ring [11].
Fit the three O-rings [13], [14], and [106] and grease them.
Fill up with grease the needle bearing outer race [9] and dis-
tribute the grease with the fingers.
Place the conveyor into the bowl according to the instructions

given in section 4.4.2.
Install the large end hub according to the instructions given in

section 4.1.4.
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Figure 4.3.4
4.3-4
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4.3.3 Disassemble Conveyor Bearing Small End
(Fig. 4.3.4)
Remove the small end hub according to the instructions given

in section 4.1.5.
Remove the twelve screws [4] and the ring [2].
Use a standard two-armed puller tool*, as shown in Fig. 4.3.5,

with the retaining ring [1] as tractor, to pull off the bearing [3].
Figure 4.3.5
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4.3.4 Assemble Conveyor Bearing Small End
(Fig. 4.3.4)
Thoroughly clean the retaining ring [1] and insert the O-rings
[5], [102], [103], and [104].
Grease the O-rings [5], [102], [103], and [104].
Place the retaining ring [1] on the conveyor pinion, and push it
into place.
Fit the inner half of the ball bearing inner race [3] onto the pin-
ion.
Fill up with grease the ball bearing outer race [3] and push it
onto the ball bearing inner race [3]. Fit the remaining half of
the inner race.
Fit the O-ring [101] into the ring [2] and grease it a little.
Fit the ring [2] on the pinion and secure it with the twelve
screws [4]. Tighten the screws [4] to a torque of 44 Nm (389 in-
lbs).
Insert the conveyor into the bowl according to the instructions

given in section 4.4.2.
Install the small end hub according to the instructions given in

section 4.1.6.
4.3-6
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4.4
Figure 4.4.1
4.4 Conveyor
4.4.1 Remove Conveyor from Bowl (Fig. 4.4.1)
Remove the large end hub according to instructions given in

section 4.1.3.
Place the bowl (without large end hub) horizontally on two

wooden trestles or the like: Attach the lifting tool* to the large
end of the conveyor as shown in Figure 4.4.1.
Connect the shackle to the hoist and fit the shackle into the lift-
ing tool hole. Because of its individual design each conveyor
has its own centre of gravity. As consequence of this the axial
point on the lifting tool corresponding to the conveyor centre
of gravity is not the same for all conveyors. To find the actual
conveyor centre of gravity, proceed as follows:
Fit the shackle in the lifting tool centre hole and lift the
conveyor carefully, to see how the it balances.
If the conveyor is not in balance, then insert the shackle
into the next lifting tool hole nearer to the heavy end of the
conveyor and lift the conveyor carefully again.
Repeat this procedure until the conveyor is in balance and
mark the centre of gravity hole of the lifting tool, to facilitate
future disassembling and assembling.
Carefully pull out the conveyor.
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4.4.2 Insert Conveyor into Bowl (Fig. 4.4.1)
Place the bowl horizontally on two wooden trestles or the like:

Attach the lifting tool* to the large end of the conveyor as
shown in Figure 4.4.1.
Connect the shackle to the hoist and fit the shackle into the lift-
ing tool hole where the conveyor will be in balance when lifted
and push it carefully into the bowl.
CAUTION Be careful not to cut your fingers, when pushing the conveyor into
the bowl.
Figure 4.4.2
Install large and small end hubs according to the instructions

given in sections 4.1.4 and 4.1.6, respectively.
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4.5
Figure 4.5.1
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4.5 Main Drive
4.5.1 Disassemble Main Drive (Fig. 4.5.1)
Remove the screws and washers [31] and [32] holding the up-
per casing and open the casing [3].
Remove the four screws [30] and remove the feed tube [33].
Loosen the four screws [17] and elevate the motor bracket [10]
by means of the two elevating screws [13].
Remove the three V-belts from the pulley.
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Figure 4.5.2
4.5-2
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4.5.2 Assemble Main Drive (Fig. 4.5.1)
If the decanter is equipped with a main motor placed on four

dampers and changing of this motor is required, then proceed
as follows:
Refer to Fig. 4.5.1 for identification of parts.
1. Tighten the belts to the value prescribed in Table 4.5.2 (or

4.5.1, if new belts are installed too).
2. Measure the distances A and B.
3. Loosen the belts again and turn the bolt [8] until the meas-
uring results of A and B are the same when retightening
the belts.
One turn is equal to 1.75 mm (quite 1/16 inch).
4. Retighten the belts to the prescribed value and check
whether the A and B measurements are identical. If not,
repeat the procedure.
5. Tighten the lock nut [6].
Required weight of motors placed on four dampers:

100-400 kg (220-882 lbs).
Align the pulleys so that their placing is within 3 mm (1/8

inch) as shown in Figure 4.5.2.
Install the three V-belts in the grooves of the pulleys and tight-
en them by means of the two screws [13].
Tighten the V-belts as per instructions given in section
4.5.3.
Secure the motor bracket [10] with the four screws [17],
and tighten them to a torque of 197 Nm (1744 in-lbs).
Install the feed tube [33] and tighten the four screws [30].
Install the upper casing [3] and secure it with the screws and
washers [31] and [32].
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Figure 4.5.3
1 Indicator Arm
2 Rubber Finger Loop
3 Pressure Surface
4 Pocket Clip
5 V-belt
6 Pressure Spring
4.5.3 Tighten V-belts, Belt Tension Tables
Using the tester illustrated in Figure 4.5.3 above, adjust the

belt tension as follows:
1. See how to hold the tension tester and choose one of the
ways a, b, or c as shown in Figure 4.5.4.
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Figure 4.5.4
2. Position the tester on the belt midway between the two

pulleys with the flange on the bottom against the upper
edge of belt.
Take care that the indicator is completely pushed
down in the tester body.
Place the tester II (without flange) in the middle of the
belt and parallel with the belt sides.
3. Position the tester loosely on the belt to be measured and

push slowly with one finger in the above way (Fig. 4.5.4,
A, B, C) on the pressure surface.
4. Avoid contact of tester with more than one finger during

the measuring process.
5. When your hear a CLICK, stop pressing immediately; the

indicator arm remains in measure position.
6. Remove tester carefully so that the indicator arm is not

moved and read the belt tension where the top surface of
the indicator arm crosses the scale as shown in Figure
4.5.5.
Figure 4.5.5
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7. For safe reading mark the spot of the upper side of the in-
dicator with a thumbnail on the scale and then turn the
tester sideways.
8. Increase or decrease the belt tension depending on the

measuring result until it is within the desired tension. See
table below.
BELT TENSION - Tightening of New Belts [50 Hz]
Motor Power Bowl Speed [r p m]
[kW] 2500 3150 3750 4200

11 550-600 N 600-650 N 650-700 N 650-700 N
15 550-600 N 600-650 N 650-700 N 650-700 N
18.5 550-600 N 600-650 N 650-700 N 650-700 N
22 550-600 N 600-650 N 650-700 N 650-700 N
30 550-600 N 600-650 N 650-700 N 650-700 N
37 - 600-650 N 650-700 N 650-700 N
Table 4.5.1
BELT TENSION - Tightening of Used Belts [50 Hz]
[kW] 2500 3150 3750 4200

11 400-450 N 450-500 N 500-550 N 500-550 N
15 400-450 N 450-500 N 500-550 N 500-550 N
18.5 400-450 N 450-500 N 500-550 N 500-550 N
22 400-450 N 450-500 N 500-550 N 500-550 N
30 400-450 N 450-500 N 500-550 N 500-550 N
37 - 450-500 N 500-550 N 500-550 N
Table 4.5.2
For selection of belt and pulley combinations, see Spare Parts Catalogue.
4.5-6
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BELT TENSION - Tightening of New Belts [60 Hz]
[kW] [HP] 2500 3150 3750 4200

11 (15) 550-600 N 550-600 N 600-650 N 650-700 N
15 (20) 550-600 N 550-600 N 600-650 N 650-700 N
18.5 (25) 550-600 N 550-600 N 600-650 N 650-700 N
22 (30) 550-600 N 550-600 N 600-650 N 650-700 N
30 (40) 550-600 N 550-600 N 600-650 N 650-700 N
37 (50) - 550-600 N 600-650 N 650-700 N
Table 4.5.3
BELT TENSION - Tightening of Used Belts [60 Hz]
[kW] [HP] 2500 3150 3750 4200

11 (15) 400-450 N 400-450 N 450-500 N 500-550 N
15 (20) 400-450 N 400-450 N 450-500 N 500-550 N
18.5 (25) 400-450 N 400-450 N 450-500 N 500-550 N
22 (30) 400-450 N 400-450 N 450-500 N 500-550 N
30 (40) 400-450 N 400-450 N 450-500 N 500-550 N
37 (50) - 400-450 N 450-500 N 500-550 N
Table 4.5.4
For selection of belt and pulley combinations, see Spare Parts Catalogue.
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4.6
Figure 4.6.1
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4.6 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
4.6.1 DisassembleVFD (Fig. 4.6.1)
Remove the screws and washers [31] and [32] holding the up-
per casing and open the casing [3].
Remove the two screws and washers [7] and [8] and remove
the sensor bracket [9].
Loosen the setscrew [16], remove the six screws [30] and dis-
engage the two coupling parts [4] and [5] completely. Now the
shaft [33] can be removed.
Remove the two screws [11].

Move the sensor bracket [10] 50 mm outwards and use
one of the screws [11] to secure bracket in this position.
4.6.2 Assemble VFD (Fig. 4.6.1)
Install the sensor bracket [10] and secure it with the two
screws [11].
The gap between the sensor and the gearbox adapter must
be 3-4 mm.
If the motor has been demounted or a new is to be installed,

the following procedure must be executed:
The coupling parts [5] and [4] are not installed.
Adjust any wrong angle of the motor by means of shims [6] so

that the motor shaft is parallel with the sunwheel shaft.
Place shims [6] under the motor to level the sunwheel shaft
and the motor shaft within 0.5 mm of each other.
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Install the coupling part [5] and engage it completely on the
motor shaft. Now install the other part of the coupling [4] on
the sunwheel shaft and put the two coupling parts into en-
gaged position, by means of the shaft [33], leaving an axial
play of 3-4 mm (1/8 inch) between them. Tighten the set-
screws, and install and tighten the six screws [30].
Install the sensor bracket [9] and fasten with the two screws [7]
and washers [8].
Install the upper casing [3] and secure with the screws and
washers [31] and [32].
4.6-2
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y
5 Supplementary Documentation
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Supplementary
Alfa Laval Technical Details Rev. 2006-11 OM
4.2
Figure 1
0.2
0.1
0 WEAR LINERS
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Supplementary
Alfa Laval Technical Details Rev. 2006-11 OM
Wear liner assembly (figure 1)
1 Rough-grind the hatched surface of the feed rotor to get a

rugged surface.
2 Degrease the grinded surfaces with Chesterton 277.
3 Apply an even layer of approx. 2-3 mm of the ready-

mixed ARC 858 on both feed rotor and wear liner.
4 Turn the wear liner into place and fix it with securing
plates. Mind to turn the wear liner correctly. Disperse ex-
cess composite so that it fills the gap between feed rotor
and wear liner.
Wear liner disassembly

I. Remove the screws in the securing plates and remove the
plates.
II. Attempt to loosen the wear liner from the backside with a
brass mandrel or the like. Heating to 120-130o C might be
necessary.
III. After removal of the wear liner, the hatched area of the
surface is cleaned, as described under assembly.
OBS! Wear liners in WC are at great risk of breaking, when at-

tempted removed.
ALLSUPWL.EN0
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Decanter BCC Operator Manual
Decanter 2Touch Operator Manual
61244584
61211xx1
Revision 1
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Revision 1 released on September 23, 2011.
Revision 1 Page 2 of 41
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Contents
1. Basic Operator Manual ......................................................................................................................4
1.1 System .....................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Navigation................................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Control Bar...............................................................................................................................................8
1.4 User Login Dialog ................................................................................................................................... 11
1.5 Popup Keyboard and Numerical Pad .....................................................................................................12
1.6 Decanter Overview ................................................................................................................................14
1.7 Screen Descriptions ...............................................................................................................................17
1.1 Setpoints ................................................................................................................................................23
1.2 Main Sequence ...................................................................................................................................... 24
1.3 Differential Speed Control .....................................................................................................................30
1.4 Example: Automatic control at feed start .............................................................................................33
1.5 Special start-up function .......................................................................................................................34
2 Appendix A: Faceplates ...................................................................................................................37
3 Appendix B: Sequence Steps ...........................................................................................................39
4 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................41
Revision 1 Page 3 of 41
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1. Basic Operator Manual
This manual is intended for the basic operator of the Decanter centrifuge.
It contains basic information on how to operate the Decanter from the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) panel
of the Basic Core Controller (BCC).
The HMI panel is a 7” touch panel (iX Panel T7A, Beijer Electronics).
Revision 1 Page 4 of
41
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1.1 System
The Decanter BCC control system consists of:
• HMI panel,
• Core Controller
• Frequency Drives
The components are connected with bus communication as illustrated in Figure 1.
HMI
Core Controller Frequency Drives
Figure 1: Decanter BCC control system
1.1.1 HMI Panel
The HMI handles the interaction between the human user and the control system.
Typical user actions:
• View machine and process variables: Speed, torque, temperature, vibration etc.
• Issue commands: Start, stop, pause etc.
• Adjust setpoints: Torque, differential speed
• Acknowledge alarms
• Manual control of equipment and signal forcing
• System configuration: Parameters, settings
1.1.2 Core Controller
The essential job of the Core Controller CPU is to control the differential speed of the screw conveyor inside the
Decanter. The screw conveyor is illustrated in Figure 2.
The differential speed is the difference between the

speed of the bowl and the speed of the conveyor.
The differential speed determines how fast the solids

are scrolled out of the Decanter.
Definition 1: Differential Speed (Dn)
41
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Screw Conveyor
Bowl
Feed inlet
Backdrive motor
Maindrive motor
Gearbox
Solids Liquid
outlet outlet
Figure 2: Cross section view of Decanter
Other tasks of the Core Controller are:
• Control the torque on the screw conveyor: Conveyor torque is a key factor in the Decanter process.
• Maintain the control sequence of the machine: Stop, standby, production, rundown etc.
• Monitor temperature and vibration of the machine
• Control auxiliary equipment and processes: Feed, flushing, diverting etc.
1.1.3 Frequency Drives
The frequency drives control the speed of the maindrive and backdrive motors on the Decanter. See the
motors in Figure 2.
• Maindrive (MD): The maindrive motor rotates the bowl with the screw conveyor inside. This rotation
causes the solids to sediment.
• Backdrive (BD): The backdrive motor manipulates the rotation of the screw conveyor though the
gearbox.
Parameter setup, speed setpoints, alarm handling etc. in the frequency drives is managed by the Core
Controller.
1.2 Navigation
The HMI is a touch panel with a software program: Simply tap the panel with a fingertip or stylus to operate it.
The HMI program contains many different screens. The operator can navigate between screens via the
Overview Matrix or the Tab Control.
1.2.1 Overview Matrix
To get an overview of the HMI screens, tap the Overview button in the lower right corner of the screen (see
Figure 3).
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Figure 3: Overview button
The screens are organised in a matrix of rows and columns. On top of each column is the main tab. And to the
left of each row is the sub tab. See
Figure 4
Sub tab 1
Main tab 1
Example Go to the screen for language

slelection: Tap the icon at main tab 6 and
sub tab 5.
Figure 4: Overview screen
The main tabs are numbered from left to right. And the sub tabs are numbered from top to bottom. When the
operator taps an icon in the overview matrix, the HMI program jumps to that screen.
1.2.2 Tab Control
The current main tab and sub tab is highlighted, and the screen number is displayed in the title, as shown in
Figure 5.
To navigate to another screen, simply press another sub tab or main tab.
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Screen Main tab 6

number 6.5 Login level
6.5 Language Selection
Sub tab 5 Control bar
Figure 5: Screen for language selection
Also displayed in Figure 5 are the user login level at the top of the screen and the control bar at the bottom of
the screen. These are explained in the following sections.
1.3 Control Bar
The control bar (see Figure 6) is available at the bottom of every screen.
Figure 6: Control Bar
The following buttons for controlling the Decanter centrifuge are available on all machines:
Start button: Press the button to start the decanter. The

green LED below the button flashes, when the Decanter is in
the start-up sequence. Push the button again to request
Production.
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Offline button: Requests decanter to exit production mode

and continue to run idle at full speed. The Red LED below the
button flashes, when the Decanter is in the Offline sequence
step.
Stop button: Calls for the normal shutdown sequence. When

pressed for the second time it cancels the Full Speed Flush
mode and calls for Rundown with flush. A third press cancels
the Rundown Flush.
Table 1: Buttons for controlling the Decanter
To prevent the user from unintentionally starting or stopping the Decanter, the buttons must be activated for
a few seconds before the command is accepted. This is indicated by a progress bar as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7: Progress Bar
The diode below the start button flashes when the Decanter is in transition from stopped to production. In
production the diode is steady green as shown in Figure 8. The red diode underneath the stop button shows
that the machine is currently stopped.
Figure 8: Diodes below Start and Stop Buttons
Depending on the settings at the installed machine, some of these buttons may also be available:
Low Speed Flush button: Calls for Low Speed Flush mode. If
pushed during production, it triggers the normal shutdown
sequence and starts the Low Speed Flush when the bowl
speed falls below the stop speed. If pushed during
shutdown sequence, it waits until bowl speed falls below
the stop speed and starts the Low Speed Flush sequence.
Local and Remote buttons are used to select the source of

machine control.
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Horn Silence button is used to silence the alarm horn.
Table 2: Optional buttons for controlling the Decanter
The buttons at the right side of the control bar are related to the HMI itself:
The Utilities button opens a menu with Backlight and Print screen
buttons.
Backlight button toggles the panel illumination between a darker and

a brighter setting.
Insert a USB memory stick in the USB port of the HMI panel and then
tap the Print button. This stores a screen shot of the currently
displayed screen on the memory stick.
Tap the Login button to display or hide the user login dialog at the
top of the screen.
Tap the Overview button to enter or leave the screen overview

matrix.
Table 3: Buttons related to the HMI itself
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1.4 User Login Dialog
The current access level is displayed at the top right corner of all screens. To unfold the user login dialog, press
the login button at the control bar (see Table 3). The folded and unfolded user login dialog is showed in Figure
9.
User name Password
Folded Dialog
Figure 9: Folded and unfolded user login dialog
Select a user name from the drop down menu. Then tap the empty password input field to the right of the
user name to open the popup keyboard. Type the correct password followed by the enter key ( ).
There are three user names to choose from in the drop down menu:
admin Full access to screens and to changing parameters and

Administrator
system settings.
Full access to screens, no access to changing parameters

advoper Advanced Operator
and system settings.
Limited access to screens, no access to changing

operator Basic Operator
parameters and system settings.
Table 4: User names in login dialog
Taping the “Logout” button, will decrease a higher login level (i.e. Administrator or Advanced Operator) to the
lowest level (Basic Operator).
1.4.1 Access Rights
The current login level determines the access rights of the user. The basic operator only has limited access to
interacting with the HMI.
Screen elements are greyed out, if they are not available to the operator. An example of this is shown in Figure
10. The operator can view the process variables but does not have access to the start and stop buttons.
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Figure 10: Start and stop buttons greyed out
Buttons may also be greyed out due to conditions in the machine or process. For example, the start button is
not available when the Decanter is in production. This is shown in Figure 11.
Figure 11: Start button unavailable (grey), stop button available (blue)
1.5 Popup Keyboard and Numerical Pad
When entering passwords the popup keyboard appears (see Figure 12). For entering numerical values like
setpoints and parameters the numerical pad appears (see Figure 13).
Inactive area
Figure 12: Popup keyboard with indication of inactive area
It is possible to grab the keyboard or numerical pad by the inactive area to move it to a different position on
the screen. Tap the escape button (Esc) to close the keyboard or numerical pad popup.
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Inactive area
Figure 13: Popup Numerical Pad with indication of inactive area
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1.6 Decanter Overview
The Decanter Overview screen is the main screen for operating the Decanter centrifuge.
It is identified by the screw conveyor icon as shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15.
Figure 14: Decanter Screw Conveyor Icon
1.1 Decanter Overview
Setpoint
Dashboard
Faceplate icon on
valve
Actual process value
Motor with animated

outline
Figure 15: Decanter Overview Screen
1.6.1 Dashboard
The dashboard displays the most essential machine information. See Table 5.
The letter in the setpoint field indicates if the setpoint source is local (L) or remote (R).
The torque setpoint is identical to the setpoint S302 on the parameter screen 8.5 BD Parameters (Admin login
only), when the system is in Local mode.
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Timer for the current machine sequence

step
Current machine sequence step
The speed of the bowl
The torque on the screw conveyor:

Setpoint and actual value. The setpoint is
identical to S302 in local mode.
The differential speed of the screw
conveyor: Setpoint and actual value. The
setpoint is identical to S301 in local mode
and automatic control.
Auto Diff The Auto and Diff buttons for changing
between automatic control and fixed
differential speed control.
Table 5: Dashboard components
The differential speed setpoint is identical to the setpoint S301, when the system is in Local mode and under
automatic control (Auto).
If the operator chooses to switch to fixed differential speed control (Diff), the setpoint in the dashboard is the
fixed differential speed, which can be adjusted independently of S301.
1.6.2 Animated Outline
The outline on the equipment indicates the status of the equipment. The outline flashes when the motor is
starting/stopping or the valve is opening/closing.
When the motor is completely stopped/started or the valve is completely open/closed, the online colour stops
flashing and becomes solid.
Alarm icon
Figure 16: Equipment with animated outline
The colour of the outline depends on the actual settings for the installed machine. Default settings are green
for running/open and transparent for stopped/closed. If the equipment has an active alarm, the alarm icon is
showed at the equipment as shown in Figure 16.
1.6.3 Faceplate Icon
An enlarged version of the faceplate icon is shown in Figure 17.
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Figure 17: Faceplate Icon
Tap the equipment to open the faceplate, which contains additional information about the equipment.
The open faceplate for the backdrive motor is shown in Figure 18.
Backdrive
Start Stop
Figure 18: Faceplate for the Backdrive Motor
There are two faceplates with additional setpoints for the backdrive motor. There faceplates can be accessed
by tapping the icons for torque and differential speed in the dashboard. See a complete list of all faceplates in
Appendix A: Faceplates.
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1.7 Screen Descriptions
Here is a short description of the contents of all the screens in the HMI.
1.7.1 Main Tab 1: Decanter Control
Below is a table of the screens found under main tab 1.
Animated overview of Decanter centrifuge and other

Decanter Overview equipment
Process values and machine status displayed with

Analog Dashboard analogue meters
Configurable view of process variables displayed in large

Configurable View fonts
Simplified interface for operating the Decanter. Basic

Low Info Operator login may be locked to this screen.
Table 6: Main tab 1
1.7.2 Main Tab 2: Alarms and Events
List of active alarms

Alarm List
List of historic alarms

Alarm History
List of user interactions with the HMI (audit trail)

Event Log
Table 7: Main tab 2
Alarm Acknowledge
Before operating the decanter, make sure that all active alarms have been acknowledged.
The presence of any active alarms is indicated by a red alarm icon at main tab 2. The red alarm icon flashes
until all active alarms have been acknowledged. A grey icon means no active alarms.
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Figure 19: Grey and red alarm icon in main tab 2
An example of the alarm list on screen 2.1 is shown in Figure 20. Unacknowledged alarms have a red
background colour.
Figure 20: Alarm list with 3 unacknowledged alarms
The background colour changes from red to yellow, when the operator has acknowledged an alarm, but the
alarm condition is still fulfilled. See Figure 21.
Figure 21: Alarm list with 1 acknowledged alarm
When the alarm condition is no longer fulfilled, the alarm disappears from the alarm list. Old alarms are shown
in the alarm history on screen 2.2.
The alarm list has three columns:
• Active Time: Date and time when the alarm was activated
• Group Text: Name of the alarm group
• Text: Alarm number and alarm name.
Alarm Groups
Each alarm belongs to one of the following six alarm groups.

• Emergency Stop
• Shutdown
• Stop Backdrive
• Stop Feed
• Warning
• High Speed Flush
The alarm group determines the behaviour of the Decanter when the alarm is activated:
More information on the alarms and alarm groups can be found in the parameters and alarms manual
(61244587 Decanter BCC Parameters and Alarms) .
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1.7.3 Main Tab 3: Trends
Real time trend of process values

Real Time Trend
Real time trend of process values with history (5 sec

5s Trend resolution)
Table 8: Main tab 3
Trend legend
The trend legend is displayed and hidden by tapping the trend. An example is shown in Figure 22.
The various settings for the trend legend are explained in Table 9.
Actual proess value
Bowl Speed
Bowl Speed
Figure 22: Trend legend
Tap the settings button to modify the trend legend settings
Toggle trend visibility On/Off
Minimum range of trend window

Number of Decimals
Maximum range of trend window
Use this range in trend window
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Number of decimals on displayed value
Table 9: Trend legend settings
Trend History
The 5s trend in screen 3.2 has a log of 70 hours but only displays the last two hours. To extend the trend
backwards in time use the “Show History Mode” button (See Figure 23). This opens the History Time Settings
Popup. Select the Start and End time and tap “OK”.
Show History Mode. Leave History Mode.
History Time Settings.

Start Time:
End Time:
OK Cancel
Figure 23: Buttons and Time Settings for History Mode
1.7.4 Main Tab 4: System
Overview of BCC control system

Components View
Information about the HMI panel and Core Controller

System
Information 1/2
Information about the HMI panel and Core Controller
System
Information 2/2
Monitoring and forcing of hardware inputs and outputs
Core Controller I/O
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Configuration of analogue inputs

AI Configuration
Configuration of analogue outputs

AO Configuration
Table 10: Main tab 4
1.7.5 Main Tab 5: Communication
Setup IP address of HMI panel. Reboot panel.

IP Settings
Setup of communication drivers. (Not available for basic

Data Exchange operator login)
Monitor status and parameters for frequency converter

MD VFD Status on maindrive motor
Monitor status and parameters for frequency converter

BD VFD Status on backdrive motor
1.7.6 Main Tab 6: HMI Panel
Setup of equipment outlines colour and auto logon user

HMI
level. (Not available for basic operator login).
Configuration
Timers and counters for operation of the Decanter and
Operating
equipment
Timers 1/2
Timers and counters for operation of the Decanter and
Operating
equipment
Timers 2/2
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Change units of process variables. . (Not available for

Unit Conversion basic operator login).
Change language of texts in the HMI.

Language
Selection
1.7.7 Main Tabs 7-10: Parameters
Main tabs 7 though 10 contain the parameter setup screens. These are not available to the basic operator.
The parameters are split up in equipment modules as shown in Table 13.
P101 – P1xx Decanter
P201 – P2xx Maindrive (MD)
P301 – P3xx Backdrive (BD)
P401 – P4xx Bearings
P501 – P5xx Flush
P701 – P7xx Diverter
P801 – P8xx Feed
Table 13: Equipment Modules and Parameter Numbers
Refer to the parameters and alarms manual (61244587 Decanter BCC Parameters and Alarms) for more
information on the parameters.
1.7.8 Main Tabs 11-13: Alarms
Main tabs 11 though 13 contain the parameter setup screens. These are not available to the basic operator.
The parameters are split up in equipment modules as shown in Table 18.
A101 – A1xx Decanter
A201 – A2xx Maindrive (MD)
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A301 – A3xx Backdrive (BD)
A401 – A4xx Bearings
A501 – A5xx Flush
A701 – A7xx Diverter
A801 – A8xx Feed
Table 14: Equipment Modules and Alarm Numbers
information on the parameters.
1.1 Setpoints
The setpoints can be accessed by tapping the icons for torque and differential speed in the dashboard on
screen 1.1. For higher login levels: Go to screen 8.4 BD Setpoints. All setpoints are listed in Table 15:
S301 Minimum differential speed in

Diff Speed
Automatic
automatic control
control
Maximum torque in automatic
S302 Torque
control
S303 Filling Diff Fixed differential speed during filling Special Startup
S305 Init Production Diff Fixed differential speed after filling

Function
Limit for switching from Dn-mode

S306 Torque Seal Level
and T-mode during filling
Fixed differential speed during

Flush
S304 Flushing Diff

flushing
T/Dn
S307 T0 Starting torque for special T/Dn mode
Table 15: All Setpoints
information on the setpoints.
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1.2 Main Sequence
The main operating sequence of the Decanter is shown in Figure 24. In each circle is a sequence step, and each
arrow is a condition to go from one step to the next. (See also Appendix B: Sequence Steps).
In the centre of the figure is the powered off state. Any active alarms must be acknowledged after powering
up the electrical panel.
10: Offline
5: Starting VFD 11:Standby
Torque
1: Stopped Diff Speed 15: Production
16: HI RPM
18: Rundown
Flush
17: Rundown
Flush
Figure 24: Decanter Operating Sequence
1.2.1 Start
Before starting the Decanter it is advised to verify the current setpoints.
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Press the start button to start up the Decanter. The bowl accelerates and reaches the operating speed, and the
main sequence goes to “Offline”. See Figure 24.
Press the start button again to request feed into the machine. When the feed is running, the sequence goes
from Standby to Production.
1.2.2 Auto Feed Request
If the parameter for automatic feed request (P812) is enabled, the sequence goes to a different offline step (9:
Offline). See Figure 25.
From 9: Offline the sequence goes to 11: Standby after the Offline Delay (P105) has expired. This means that
the operator only has to activate the start button once, to bring the Decanter from 1: Stop to 15: Production.
10: Offline
5: Starting VFD 11:Standby
9: Offline
Figure 25: Different Offline Step with Automatic Feed Request
1.2.3 Handshake with Feed System
There are three handshake signals between the Decanter and the Feed System. See Table 16.
Feed System Ready DI222 Feedback from the Feed system: Feed is ready to start
Feed Permissive DO412 Command from the Decanter: Start the feed
Feed Running DI212 Feedback from the Feed system: Feed is running
Table 16: Handshake signals between Decanter and Feed System
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The Feed System Ready feedback can be used in different ways depending on the settings at the installed
machine: Not used, Interlock or Stop Feed Alarm. This is illustrated in Figure 26. Interlock brings the sequence
to 11: Standby. Stop Feed Alarm brings the sequence to 10: Offline.
If Feed System
Ready:
10: Offline Feed Permissive
11:Standby
Feed Running
Feed System Not

Ready (Alarm)
Feed System Not

Ready (Interlock) 15: Production
Figure 26: Decanter Sequence with Feed System Handshake
The Feed Permissive command will be activated in the Standby sequence step, if the Feed System Ready
feedback is active.
The feed system should respond to the command by starting the feed and activating the Feed Running
feedback. The Feed Running feedback makes the Decanter continue from Standby to Production.
1.2.4 Production
During production the Torque and Diff Speed setpoints may be modified to improve the Decanter process.
The Auto and Diff buttons on the dashboard of the Decanter Overview screen (see Table 5) may be used to
switch between automatic torque control and fixed differential speed control.
1.2.5 Offline
The Offline button can be used any time during Production to stop the feed to the machine. See Figure 27. The
sequence goes to 10: Offline and the Decanter runs idle at full speed. Use the start button to go back to
Production.
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10: Offline
11:Standby
15: Production
Figure 27: Use the Offline Button to Pause the Decanter
1.2.6 Stop
Press the stop button to start the normal shutdown sequence. This is initiated by flushing at high speed.
When the high speed flush cycle is complete the sequence goes to rundown flush. The bowl decelerates, and
the flushing water is still on.
Finally the sequence goes into rundown, and the bowl decelerates without flushing.
After the automatic shutdown sequence is complete, the Decanter goes from 18: Rundown into 1: Stopped.
However, if low speed flushing automatic start is enabled, the Decanter continues into the low speed flushing
sequence.
1.2.7 High Speed Flushing
During High Speed Flushing the bowl runs at full production speed, and the differential speed of the conveyor
is at the flushing setpoint.
The differential speed setpoint during high speed

flushing is S304 in the HMI.
Definition 2: S304 Flushing Differential Speed Setpoint.
If the Start button is pushed during the flush, the machine returns to Offline. If the Stop button is pushed
again during the Full Speed Flush mode, the machine immediately goes into rundown flush. See Figure 28.
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10: Offline
10: Offline
11:Standby
17: Rundown 15: HI RPM

15: Production
Flush
16: Rundown
Flush
Figure 28: High Speed Flushing
By activating the Stop button, it is also possible to break out of the step 16: Rundown Flush and go
immediately to 17: Rundown.
1.2.8 Manual High Speed Flushing
If an operator prefers to witness and influence the bowl cleaning at full speed, the shutdown sequence may be
different:
• Stop the feed by activating the Offline button. This takes the sequence to 10: Offline.
• Open the flush valve from the faceplate in the Decanter Overview screen 1.1.
• Changed the differential speed setpoint as desired.
The actual torque readings on the Decanter faceplate in the Decanter Overview screen 1.1 can be used to
estimate the amount of solids remaining inside the bowl.
Once the bowl is considered to be clean, the machine is stopped with the Stop button and goes through the
automatic shutdown sequence.
1.2.9 Low Speed Flush
During low speed flushing the bowl performs cycles of

forwards and reverse rotation at low speed.
The differential speed setpoint is S304 as for high speed

flushing
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Definition 3: Low Speed Flusning.
The number of complete cycles as well as the duration of the forward and backward rotation is configurable.
A complete cycle is shown in Figure 29. First the bowl accelerates in the backwards direction. When the
flushing bowl speed is reached, the reverse flushing timer must elapse, before the bowl decelerates. When
the reverse rotation has stopped begins the forward acceleration, flushing time and deceleration.
LS-Flush Button
or Automatic
Start
21: Lo RPM
Flush R
20: Lo RPM 22: Lo RPM

Flush R Flush R
25: Lo RPM 23: Lo RPM

Flush F Flush F
24: Lo RPM
Flush F
Last cycle
complete
Figure 29: The Low Speed Flush Cycle
After the last forward low speed flushing step, the sequence actually performs one extra reverse flushing with
the sequence steps numbers 26 though 28. After this the Decanter goes to Stop.
It is possible to break out of the low speed flushing cycle at any time by pressing the stop button.
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1.3 Differential Speed Control
The essential job of the Core Controller CPU is to control the differential speed (Dn) of the screw conveyor
inside the Decanter.
Figure 30: Decanter Screw Conveyor
Adjusting the differential speed will influence the torque (T) on the screw conveyor.
1.3.1 Torque and Product Quality
The torque (load) on the conveyor is an indicator of the amount of solids accumulated inside the decanter.
In Figure 31 is an illustration of how the torque, differential speed and product quality is related.
In general the conveyor torque will increase, when the differential speed is lowered. And the high torque will
typically result in dryer cake (i.e. less liquid in the solids outlet of the Decanter).
A higher differential speed, on the other hand, will increase the transport of solids out of the decanter, and
this will lead to a decrease in conveyor torque.
Torque
Not clear centate
Gearbox
limit
Clear centrate, Dry cake
Wet cake
Differential Speed
Figure 31: Relationship between differential speed, torque and product quality
If the differential speed is lowered to much the torque becomes too high. This will at some point result in less
clear centrate (i.e. more solids in the liquid outlet of the Decanter). The torque might also reach the maximum
level allowed for the gearbox.
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1.3.2 Optimal Settings
The optimal setting of differential speed and conveyor

torque is the best compromise between dryness of the
cake and clearness of the centrate.
Definition 4: Optimal Settings
In order to get the best performance out of the decanter, other process factors must also be considered. These
include:
• Bowl speed
• Liquid level in the bowl
• Feed rate into the Decanter.
1.3.3 Torque Mode (T-mode)
The feed flow rate as well as the solids concentrations in the feed typically varies throughout the day. This will
impact the load (torque) on the screw conveyor, and may consequently affect the product quality.
The torque mode (T-mode) is used to ensure constantly high product quality.
The T-mode maintains an optimal amount of solids in the decanter. This is achieved by varying the differential
speed of the conveyor according to the measured torque load. The torque setpoint in T-mode is Tmax.
In the HMI the Torque Setpoint (Tmax) is identified by

the number S302.
In T-mode the Core Controller keeps the Torque at

S302.
S302 should be set in accordance with the installed

gearbox.
Definition 5: S302 Torque Setpoint (Tmax)
1.3.4 Differential Speed Mode (Dn-mode)
Under special circumstances the Core Controller switches to differential speed mode (Dn-mode)
In Dn-mode the differential speed is kept at the differential speed setpoint (Dnmin).
In the HMI the Differential Speed Setpoint (Dnmin) is

identified by the number S301.
In Dn-mode the Core Controller keeps the differential

speed at S301.
Definition 6: S301 Differential Speed Setpoint (Dnmin)
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1.3.5 Automatic Control (Auto)
In automatic control the Core Controller automatically select between Dn-mode and T-mode depending on the
measured torque. In general the mode that requires the highest differential speed will be selected.
In general, the controller switches to T-mode, when the torque reaches the maximum value (Tmax). This is
illustrated in Figure 32.
Torque
Tmax (S302)
Three different
feed rates
Differential Speed
Dnmin (S301)
Figure 32: Relationship between differential speed and torque at different feed rates, with
indication of Dn-mode and T-mode.
In T-mode the differential speed is adjusted to maintain the torque at the setpoint. The low limit for
differential speed is Dnmin. At this point, the controller switches to Dn-mode.
The setpoints for speed and torque can be modified by the user via the dashboard on the Decanter Overview
screen. See Table 17.
The torque on the screw conveyor:

Setpoint and actual value.
conveyor: Setpoint and actual value.
During automatic control and T-mode the
actual differential speed is higher than
the setpoint.
1.3.6 Fixed Differential Speed Control (Diff)
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A text on the dashboard in the Decanter Overview screen 1.1 informs the user of the current control mode.
See Table 18.
The operator can choose to take the Decanter out of automatic control (Auto) and into fixed differential speed
control (Diff).
Diff Auto The Auto and Diff buttons for changing

between automatic control and fixed
differential speed control.
Status: T-Max
Automatic control: T-mode
Status: Dn-Min
Automatic control: Dn-mode
Status: DiffSpeed
Fixed differential speed control
Table 18: Auto and Diff buttons and status texts on the Dashboard
Diff can be considered as a type of manual control: The torque setpoint is no longer considered, and the speed
is maintained at the setpoint Dnmin (S301).
The “Auto” and “Diff” buttons on the Dashboard in the Decanter Overview screen 1.1 are used to switch
between automatic control and fixed differential speed control.
When the user switches from Auto to Diff, the controller takes the current differential speed as the setpoint
for Diff-control.
The differential speed setpoint during fixed differential speed control can be modified by the user via the
dashboard on the Decanter Overview screen. See Table 5 Table 19.

conveyor: Setpoint and actual value. The
user modifies the setpoint here during
fixed differential speed control.
1.3.7 Torque overload protection
To avoid problems of torque overload, the torque setpoint (S302) must be set in accordance with the gearbox
size.
To avoid difficulties when turning on the feed, the differential speed setpoint (S301) should not be set too low,
and the initial flow rate should not be too high.
1.4 Example: Automatic control at feed start
An example of automatic control is shown in Figure 33. First there is no feed into the Decanter, and the
conveyor torque is zero. Then the feed starts, and the torque increases.
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Torque (T)
Tmax (S302)
Feed Rate
0
Differential
Speed (Dn)
Dnmin (S301)
Time
Dn-mode T-mode
Figure 33: Torque and differential speed at feed start
1.4.1 Dn-mode
As long as the feed is off, there is no torque on the conveyor, and therefore the controller is in Dn-mode.
The controller maintains the differential speed at the minimum value (Dnmin)
1.4.2 T-mode
As the feed is started, the torque increases. A rapid increase in torque will cause the controller to switch from
Dn-mode to T-mode. This switch is shown below the time line in Figure 33.
Now the controller increases the differential speed to keep the torque at the maximum value (Tmax).There is a
gradual change in torque and differential speed as the feed rate changes, and it may take a long time before
steady state conditions are reached.
1.5 Special start-up function
On some Decanters it is an advantage to run at a very low differential speed when starting up the Decanter.
Reducing the differential speed at start-up is called

“Special Start-up function”.
It is enabled with parameter P111 in the HMI.

Definition 7: P111 Special Start-up
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Special start-up is used on Decanters equipped with a steep cone and baffle disk conveyor. The purpose is to
accumulate sludge inside the bowl and form the sludge seal around the baffle disk as quickly as possible.
Once the sludge seal has formed, the differential speed should be increased to the normal level for
production.
1.5.1 Filling
Building up the sludge seal around the baffle disk is

known as “filling”.
The low differential speed setpoint during filling is

identified by S303.
Definition 8: S303 Filling Differential Speed Setpoint
There are tree differential speed setpoints in play during the special start-up function:
1. S301 Differential Speed

2. S303 Filling Differential Speed (low)
3. S305 Initial Production Differential Speed (high)
Before the feed is started, the controller operates in Dn-mode the normal setpoint (S301).
During filling the speed is set to a lower value (S303). Immediately after filling the speed is set to a higher value
(S305). This is illustrated in Figure 34.
Torque
Tmax
(S302)
DnInit Prod
(S305) Feed Rate
0
Tseal
(S306)
Differential
Dnmin
Speed
(S301)
Dnfill
(S303) Time
Dn-mode T-mode
Figure 34: Torque and Differential Speed with Special Start-up Function enabled
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1.5.2 Initial Production
The low filling differential speed setpoint causes a fast increase in torque. As the torque reached the seal level
the controller switches from Dn-mode to T-mode.
Filling is complete when the actual torque reaches the

torque seal level (S306).
Definition 9: S306 Torque Seal Level
However, to prevent the torque from rising too high, the differential speed is first accelerated from the low
filling setpoint towards the high initial production setpoint.
To prevent a torque overshoot, the controller switches

to a high differential speed setpoint after filling (S305).
Definition 10: S305 Starting Differential Speed
1.5.3 Production
The initial production step lasts for 1 second, and then the controller goes to ordinary production with the
Differential Speed Setpoint (S301) and Torque Setpoint (S302) active only.
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2 Appendix A: Faceplates
Here are the available faceplates in the Decanter overview screen.
Decanter process variables
Main drive motor process values and

manual control
Back drive motor process values and

manual control
Backdrive Torque Setpoints
Backdrive Differential Speed Setpoints
High speed flush valve manual control
Optional: Low speed flush valve manual

control
Optional: Diverter slide gate manual

control
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Optional: Diverter flush valve manual

control
Optional: Diverter inclined conveyor

manual control
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3 Appendix B: Sequence Steps

The Dashboard on screens 1.1 and 1.2 contains both an icon and a written description of the current machine
sequence step. In Table 20 is an overview of all possible sequence steps.
Please refer to the sequence manual (61244385 Decanter 2Touch Sequences) for a detailed description on all
sequence steps.
Step # Icon Text

0 Sequence not ready
1 Stopped
3 Starting VFD
5 Starting VFD
9 Offline
10 Offline
11 Standby
12 Filling
13 Init Production
14 Start Production
15 Production
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16 HI RPM Flush
17 Rundown Flush
18 Rundown
20 Lo RPM Flush R
21 Lo RPM Flush R
22 Lo RPM Flush R
23 Lo RPM Flush F
24 Lo RPM Flush F
25 Lo RPM Flush F
26 Lo RPM Flush R
27 Lo RPM Flush R
28 Lo RPM Flush R
Table 20: All sequence steps
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4 Bibliography
61244587 Decanter BCC Parameters and Alarms.
61244385 Decanter 2Touch Sequences.
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Alfa Laval

Machine No.: 5123659 Date of issue: 2012-02-07

Frame and Casing

Documents & Drawings

2006/42/EC Machinery Directive

Operating Speed Sound Power Level Sound Pressure Level

LwAd : Declared A-weighted sound power level from the decanter

Uncertainty on declared values : LwAd : KwA=2 dB

2 Decanter Operating Principle ...................................... 2.0-1

2.1 Main Drive ...................................................................................... 2.1-1

2.2 Back Drive ...................................................................................... 2.2-1

3.1 Before First Start ........................................................................ 3.1-1

3.2 Start/Stop procedures .............................................................. 3.2-1

3.3 Monitoring Operation ................................................................ 3.3-1

3.4 Routine Cleaning Procedure ................................................... 3.4-1

3.5 Performance Optimization ...................................................... 3.5-1

3.6 Main Drive ...................................................................................... 3.6-1

3.7 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) ............................................ 3.7-1

3.8 Lubrication ..................................................................................... 3.8-1

3.9 Recommended service intervals .......................................... 3.9-1

4.1 Rotating Assembly ...................................................................... 4.1-1

4.2 Main Bearings ............................................................................... 4.2-1

4.3 Conveyor Bearings ...................................................................... 4.3-1

4.4 Conveyor ......................................................................................... 4.4-1

4.5 Main Drive ...................................................................................... 4.5-1

4.6 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) ............................................ 4.6-1

5 Supplementary Documentation ................................. 5.0-0

FAILURE TO FOLLOW THESE RULES MAY

1. The decanter delivered must not be used to separate flam-

2. Read this manual and the Operator's Manual before at-

3. Do not operate the decanter with damaged or missing

4. Do not operate the decanter if the vibration level exceeds

5. Do not operate the decanter with feed temperatures ex-

6. Never attempt to start the decanter with frozen water or

7. Do not exceed the maximum bowl speed or solids density

8. Do not operate the decanter without belt guards and other

9. Periodically check all the automatic shut-off devices and

11. Do not operate the decanter if the bowl, motor, or sup-

12. Do not use tools other than those recommended by Alfa

13. Do not attempt to use the decanter for any application or

14. Follow all lubricating procedures and schedules.

15. Check periodically - at least once a year - for loose bolts on

16. Do not get rags or loose clothing near rotating parts.

17. At all times follow the recommended sequence and proce-

18. Only allow trained personnel to operate, clean, dismantle

19. Do not operate the decanter before the installation is com-

23. If the decanter is operated with hot, corrosive, or aggres-

24. Never turn on feed or large amounts of hot, corrosive, or

26. When personnel are working on a decanter with a hinged

28. When using straps to lift the complete decanter or any of

1. Install and earth all equipment in accordance with re-

2. Use an “on-load” isolator or circuit breaker (a main switch

3. Check that the voltage and the frequency are in agreement

4. De-energize all equipment before connecting and discon-

1. Major repairs to decanter must not be made without first

2. Do not operate the decanter on completion of the repairs

4. Replace worn or damaged parts with only original

5. Do not interchange bowl parts, since specific parts are bal-

1. Do not operate a decanter equipped with flame proof mo-