PBR VISVODAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE: KAVALI

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNIT-I

1. A trolley car of total weight 3000N runs on rails of 1.5m gauge and travels a curve 30m radius at 8.7 m/s. The
rails are being at the same level. The car has four wheels of 72cm diameter and each of the two axles is
driven by a motor running in a opposite direction to the wheels at a speed of 5 times the speed of rotation of
vehicle. Each axle with gear and wheels has a Moment of inertia 147kg m 2. Each motor with the shaft and
gear pinion has a Moment of inertia 10.5kg m2. Has centre of gravity 90 cm above the rail level. Allowing the
centrifugal and gyroscopic action, determine the vertical force exerted by each wheel on the rails.

2. Explain the following terms used in connection with the movement of a Natural ship: i. Bow ii. Stern iii.
Starboard iv. Port v. Steering vi. Pitching and vii. Rolling.
(b) Locomotive moving at a speed of 50 km/hr turns round a curve of 250m Radius to the right. The pair
of driving wheels is 1m in diameter and along with the axle weighs 10KN. The radius of gyration of wheels
together with the axle may be taken as 0.3m. Find the gyro effect on the pair of driving wheels.

3. A racing motor cyclist travels at 140km/hr round a curve of 120 m radius measured horizontally. The cycle
and rider have a mass of 150 kg and their center of gravity lies at 0.7 m above the ground level when the
motor cycle is vertical. Each wheel is 0.6m in diameter and has moment of inertia about its axis of rotation 1.5
kg-m2. The engine has rotating parts whose moment of inertia about their axis of rotation is 0.25 kg-m2 and it
rotates at five times the wheel speed in the same direction. Find; (a) The correct angle of banking of the track
so that there is no tendency to side slip, and (b) The correct angle of inclination of the cycle and rider to the
vertical.

4. A four wheel trolley car of total mass 2000 kg running on rails of 1m gauge, Rounds a curve of 25m radius at
40 km/hr. the track is banked at 100. The heels have an external diameter of 0.6 m and each pair of an axle
has a mass of 200 kg. The radius of gyration for each pair is 250mm. The height of C.G of the car above the
wheel base is 0.95m. Allowing for centrifugal force and gyroscopic couple action, determine the pressure in
each rail.

5. The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 20 tones and a radius of gyration of 0.75m.Its speed is 2000 rpm.
The ship pitches 60 above and below the horizontal position. One complete oscillation takes 18 seconds and
the motion is simple harmonic. Determine.
(a) The maximum angular acceleration of the ship during pitching and
(b) The direction in which the bow will tend to turn while rising, if the rotation of the rotor is clockwise
when looking from rear.

6. (a)Derive an expression for gyroscopic couple.

(b) An aero plane makes a complete half circle of 60m radius, to the left when flying at 200 Kmph. The rotary
engine and the propeller of the aero plane weigh 4000N with a radius of gyration 30 cm the engine runs at
2500rpm CW, when viewed from rear. Find the gyroscopic couple on the aircraft and state its effect on it.
Show gyroscopic effect by a sketch.

UNIT-II

1. (a) Derive the expression for the efficiency of the inclined plane, when the body is moving up the plane.
(b) The mean diameter of a square threaded screw jack is 50 mm. The pitch of the thread is 10 mm. The
coefficient of friction is 0.15. What force must be applied at the end of a 0.7 long lever, which is perpendicular
to the longitudinal axis of the screw to raise a load of 20kN and to lower it?

2. (a) What is a friction circle? Derive an expression for its radius.

(b) A screw jack has a square thread of mean diameter 6 cm and pitch 0.8 cm. the coefficient of friction at the
screw thread is 0.09. A load of 3kN is to be lifted through 12 cm. Determine the torque required and the work
done in lifting the load through 12 cm. Find the efficiency of the jack also.
3. (a) Derive the expression for the torque required to lift the load by a screw jack.
(b) The pitch of 50 mm mean diameter threaded screw of screw jack is 12.5 mm. The coefficient of friction
between the screw and the nut is 0.13. Determine the torque required on the screw to raise a load of 25kN,
assuming the load to rotate with the screw. Determine the ratio of the torque required to raise the load to the
torque required to lower the load and also the efficiency of the machine.

4. (a) Which of the two assumptions uniform intensity of pressure or uniform rate of wear, would you make use
in design friction clutch and why?
(b) Derive from first principles an expression for the friction movement of a truncated conical pivot assuming.
i. Uniform pressure andii. Uniform wear.

5. (a) Explain the terms: i. Limiting angle of friction and ii. Angle of repose.
(b) Derive from first principles an expression for the friction moment of a conical pivot assuming i) Uniform
pressure & ii) Uniform wear.

6. A shaft carrying a load of 12 tonnes and running at 120rpm has a number of collars integral with its shaft
diameter is 240mm and the external diameter of the collars is 360mm. Intensity of uniform pressure is
400KN/m2 and the coefficient of friction is 0.06. Determine the power absorbed in overcoming the friction and
the number of collars required.

UNIT-III

1. (a) Derive the expression for the torque transmitting capacity of a single plate clutch by considering uniform
pressure.
(b) A friction clutch is required to transmitted 34.5kW at 2000rpm. It is to be single plate disk type with both
sides of the plate effective, the pressure is being applied axially by means of springs and limited to 70kPa on
the plate. If the outer diameter of the friction limit is 1.5 times the internal diameter, find the required
dimensions d1 and d2 of the clutch ring and the total force exerted by the springs. Assume uniform wear
condition (coefficient of friction=0.3).

2. (a) Describe with neat sketch the Hopkinson - thring torsion dynamometer.
(b) A differential band brake acting on the 3/4th of the circumference of a drum of 450mm diameter is to
provide a braking torque of 500Nm. One end of the band is attached to a pin 100mm from the fulcrum of the
lever and the other end to another pin 25mm from the fulcrum on the other side of it where the operating
force is also acting. If the operating force is applied at 500mm from the fulcrum and the coefficient of friction
is 0.45 find the two values of the operating force corresponding to the two directions of rotation of the drum.

3. (a) A car moving on a level road at a speed 60 kmph, has a wheel base 3 m, distance of C.G from ground
level 600mm, and the distance of C.G from rear wheels is 1.2 m. Find the distance travelled by the car before
coming to rest when brakes are applied,
i. to the front wheels only,
ii. to the rear wheels only and
iii. to all the four wheels. Take coefficient of friction between the tyres and the road as 0.6
(b) What is self-energizing brake? Derive ‘self locking conditions’ for a differential band brake when drum
rotates in clockwise direction.

4. A band and block brake having 12 blocks, each of which subtends 150 at the centre, is applied to a rotating
drum of 600 mm diameter. The blocks are 75 mm thick. The drum and the flywheel mounted on the same
shaft have a mass of 1800 kg and have combined radius of gyration of 600 mm. The two ends of the band are
attached to pins on the opposite sides of the brake fulcrum at distances of 40 mm and 150 mm from the
fulcrum. The force applied at end of a lever of 600mm length from fulcrum is 250N. Calculate
(a) the maximum braking torque,
(b) the angular retardation of the drum,
(c) the time taken by the system to be stationary from the rated speed of 300 r.p.m. Take
coefficient of friction is 0.3.

5. (a) A bicycle and rider of mass 100kg are travelling at the rate of 16kmph on a level road. A brake is applied
to the rear wheel which is 0.9m in diameter and this is the only resistance acting. How far will the bicycle
travel and how many turns will it make before it comes to rest. The pressure applied on the brake is l00N and
 coefficient of friction is 0.2.
(b) Can a block brake become self locking? If so derive the condition for self locking.

6. (a) Describe with sketches one form of torsion dynamometer and explain in detail the calculations involved in
finding the power transmitted. (b) In a vertical belt transmission dynamometer the diameter of the driving
pulley rotating at 1500 r.p.m. is 80mm. The centre distance of the intermediate pulleys from the fulcrum is
also 80mm each. The weighing pan on the lever is at a distance as 250mm. Find the power transmitted when
a mass of 20 kg is required in the pan, including its own mass.

7. (a) Derive expression for total braking torque about fulcrum in differential band brake, when brake drum
rotating in counter-clockwise direction.
(b) Distinguish between brakes and Dynamometers.
(c) Explain function of absorption type dynamometer.

OBJECTIVE QUESTION BANK FOR MID 1

1. A disc spinning on its axis at 20 rad/s will undergo precession when a torque 100N-m is applied about an axis
normal to it at an angular speed, if mass moment of intertia of the disc is the 1kg-m2. [ ]
a. 2 rad/s b.5 rad/s c.10 rad/s d.20 rad/s

2. The engine of an airplane rotates in closckwise direction when seen from the tail end and the airplane takes a
turn to the left. The effect of the gyroscopic couple on the airplane will be [ ]
a. to raise the nose b. to dip the nose
c. to raise the nose and tail d. to dip the nose and tail

3. The air screw of an aeroplane is rotating clockwise when looking form the front.If it makes a left turn the
gyroscopic effect will be [ ]
a. tend to depress the nose b. tend to raise the nose
c. tilt the aero plane d. none

4. When the pitching of a ship is upward the effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it will be [ ]
a. to move the ship towards port side b. to move the ship towards starboard
c. to raise the bow and lower the stern d. to raise the stern and lower the bow

5. If an automobile makes a left turn when viewed from front the gyroscopic torque [ ]
a. increases the forces on the outer wheels b. decreases the forces on the outer wheels
c. does not effect the forces on the outer wheels d. none.

6. A motor car moving at a certain speed takes a left turn in a curved path, if the engine rotates in the same
direction as that of wheels then due to the centrifugal forces the reaction on _____wheels increases and on
the ________ wheels decreases. [ ]
a. inner, outer b. outer, inner c. front, rear d. rear, front

7. The ratio of the maximum fluctuation of speed to the mean speed is called [ ]
a. fluctuation of speed b. maximum fluctuation of speed
c. coefficient of fluctuation of speed d. none

8. the gyroscopic acceleration is given by [ ]

𝛿𝜔 𝛿𝜃 𝛿𝜃 𝛿𝜔
a. b. 𝜔 c. 𝑟 d. 𝑟
𝛿𝑡 𝛿𝑡 𝛿𝑡 𝛿𝑡

9. if the lines of action of three or more forces intersect at a point, it is known as the ---------- point [ ]
a. equilibrium b. central c. zero d. concurrency

10. in dynamically equivalent system, a uniformly distributed mass is divided into ------ point masses[ ]
a. two b. three c. four d. five
11. The efficiency of a screw jack depends on [ ]
a. pitch of threads b. load c. both pitch and load d. neither pitch nor load

12. the efficiency of a screw jack increases with [ ]

a. decreases in load b. increase in load c. decrease in pitch d. increase in pitch

13. the efficiency of a screw jack is maximum when [ ]

∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
a. 𝛼 = 45° − b. 𝛼 = 45° + c. 𝛼 = 45° − d. 𝛼 = 45° +
4 4 2 2

14. Frictional force acts [ ]

a. perpendicular to the contact surface b. parallel to contact surfaces
c. at an angle 600 to the surface d. at an angle 300 to the surface

15. Static friction always -------- kinetic friction [ ]

a. less than b. greater than c. equal d. none of these

16. If helix angle of screw is less than the angle of friction, then the screw is ---------- [ ]
a. self locking b. over-hauling c. none of these

17. The co-efficient of friction not depending on the following [ ]

a. nature of contact b. type of material c. area of contact d. none of these

18. The angle of inclined plane at which the body on it about to start the motion is----- [ ]
a. angle of friction b. angle of repose c. cone of friction d. none of these

19. If the angle of inclined plane is greater than the angle of friction, then the body ----- [ ]
a. will slide on plane b. does not move c. impend the motion d. none of these

20. for flat and conical pivots, ratio of friction torque with uniform wear to friction torque with uniform
pressure is----- [ ]
a. 2/3 b. 3/2 c. 4/3 d. 3/4

21. No force is required for downward motion of a load on a screw jack if---------- [ ]
a. α < φ b. α > φ c. α >2φ d. α < 2φ

22. The maximum efficiency of a screw jack is given by [ ]

1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙
a. 𝜂 = b. 𝜂 = c. 𝜂 = d. 𝜂 =
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙

23. Mechanical advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of ------------- and ----------------- [ ]
a. effort ,load b. load, effort c. load, torque d. none

24. The axial distance advanced by a screw for one revolution is called------------ [ ]
a. pitch b. lead c. helix d. effort

25. For a triple hand thread, the lead is equal to----- [ ]

a. pitch(p) b. 2p c. 3p 4. 4p

26. Number of friction surfaces in a single plate clutch is--------------------- [ ]

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

27. In a multi plate clutch, the number of active friction surfaces, if n is total number of plates [ ]
a. n b. 2n c. n-1 d. 2n-1

28. Gyroscopic couple is given by ` [ ]

a. Iwwp b. Iw2wp c. Iwwp 2 d. none

29. Efficiency of a screw jack is the ratio of ------------------- and ----------------------- [ ]

a. mechanical advantage( M.A), velocity ratio(V.R) b. V.R, M.A c. none

30. If two forces are parallel, equal, opposite and in straight line, they are in equilibrium TRUE/FALSE
31. Pivots are provided at any position of the shaft to take axial thrust TRUE/ FALSE

32. Uniform Wear Theory is a imperfect theory in the analysis of pivots TRUE/FALSE

33. In Clutches, Generally Uniform Pressure Theory is Followed TRUE/FALSE

34. The frictional torque in case of flat pivot is greater than that of conical pivot TRUE/FALSE

35. Flywheel maintains the speed constant in one revolution TRUE/FALSE

36. Area under turning moment diagram gives work done /cycle TRUE/FALSE

37. Maximum fluctuation of energy is i.e. ΔE = Iω(ω1 – ω2) = I ω2 cs TRUE/FALSE

38. Screw jack must be a self locking screw TRUE/FALSE

39. The force exerted by connecting rod in the direction perpendicular to the crank is crank effort TRUE/FALSE

40. The Material Used For Friction Lining in Clutches is Ferrodo TRUE/FALSE

41. Which of the following brakes is commonly used in motor cars [ ]

a. band brake b. shoe brake c. band and block brake d. internal expanding brake

42. Brakes commonly used in trains are--------------------brakes [ ]

a. band b. shoe c. band and block d. internal expanding brakes

43. In a self locking brake, the force required to apply the brake is ------------------ [ ]
a. minimum b. zero c. maximum d. none

44. When the frictional force helps the applied force in applying the brake, the brake is [ ]
a. self locking b. automatic c. self energizing d. none of the above

45. In an internal expanding shoe brake, more than 50% of braking torque is applied by [ ]
a. leading edge b. trailing edge c. both d. none of these

46. Brakes are effective if they applied to --------------------- wheels of an automobile [ ]

a. front b. rear c. both d. none of the above

47. The ratio of tensions on the tight and slack sides in a band and block brake is [ ]
𝑇𝑛 1−µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑛 𝑇𝑛 1−µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 2𝑛 𝑇𝑛 1+µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑛 𝑇𝑛 1−µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 1/𝑛
a. =( ) b. =( ) c. =( ) d. =( )
𝑇𝑜 1+µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑇𝑜 1+µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑇𝑜 1−µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑇𝑜 1+µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
 P.B.R.VISVODAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, KAVALI
Department of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MID EXAM-I/DESCRIPTIVE TYPE
SUBJECT: DYNAMICS OF MACHINERY DATE: 04/09/2012 (FN)
CLASS/BRANCH: III B.Tech/ME DURATION: 90 min
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Answer any three of the following 3X10=30

1. A trolley car of total weight 3000N runs on rails of 1.5m gauge and travels a curve 30m radius at 8.7 m/s. The
rails are being at the same level. The car has four wheels of 72cm diameter and each of the two axles is
driven by a motor running in a opposite direction to the wheels at a speed of 5 times the speed of rotation of
vehicle. Each axle with gear and wheels has a Moment of inertia 147kg m 2. Each motor with the shaft and
gear pinion has a Moment of inertia 10.5kg m2. Has centre of gravity 90 cm above the rail level. Allowing the
centrifugal and gyroscopic action, determine the vertical force exerted by each wheel on the rails.

2. (a) Explain the following terms used in connection with the movement of a Natural ship:
i. Bow
ii. Stern
iii. Starboard
iv. Port
v. Steering
vi. Pitching and
vii. Rolling.
(b) The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 20 tones and a radius of gyration of 0.75m.Its speed is 2000
rpm. The ship pitches 60 above and below the horizontal position. One complete oscillation takes 18 seconds
and the motion is simple harmonic. Determine.
(a) The maximum angular acceleration of the ship during pitching and
(b) The direction in which the bow will tend to turn while rising, if the rotation of the rotor is
clockwise when looking from rear.

3. (a) Derive the expression for the torque required to lift the load by a screw jack.
(b) The pitch of 50 mm mean diameter threaded screw of screw jack is 12.5 mm. The coefficient of friction
between the screw and the nut is 0.13. Determine the torque required on the screw to raise a load of 25kN,
assuming the load to rotate with the screw. Determine the ratio of the torque required to raise the load to the
torque required to lower the load and also the efficiency of the machine.

4. A friction clutch is required to transmitted 34.5kW at 2000rpm. It is to be single plate disk type with both
sides of the plate effective, the pressure is being applied axially by means of springs and limited to 70kPa on
the plate. If the outer diameter of the friction limit is 1.5 times the internal diameter, find the required
dimensions d1 and d2 of the clutch ring and the total force exerted by the springs. Assume uniform wear
condition (coefficient of friction=0.3).

5. A band and block brake having 12 blocks, each of which subtends 15 0 at the centre, is applied to a rotating
drum of 600 mm diameter. The blocks are 75 mm thick. The drum and the flywheel mounted on the same
shaft have a mass of 1800 kg and have combined radius of gyration of 600 mm. The two ends of the band are
attached to pins on the opposite sides of the brake fulcrum at distances of 40 mm and 150 mm from the
fulcrum. The force applied at end of a lever of 600mm length from fulcrum is 250N. Calculate
(a) the maximum braking torque,
(b) the angular retardation of the drum,
(c) the time taken by the system to be stationary from the rated speed of 300 r.p.m. Take coefficient
of friction is 0.3.
Name Of Student: Hall Ticket No:
P.B.R.VISVODAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, KAVALI
Department of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MID EXAM-I/OBJECTIVETYPE
SUBJECT: DYNAMICS OF MACHINERY DATE: 04/09/2010 (AN)
CLASS/BRANCH: III B.Tech/ME DURATION: 20 min
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Answer the following 20x1=20
1. A motor car moving at a certain speed takes a left turn in a curved path, if the engine rotates in the same direction as that
of wheels then due to the centrifugal forces the reaction on _____wheels increases and on the ________ wheels decreases.
a. inner, outer b. outer, inner c. front, rear d. rear, front [ ]
2. In a self locking brake, the force required to apply the brake is ------------------ [ ]
a. minimum b. zero c. maximum d. none

3. The gyroscopic acceleration is given by [ ]

𝛿𝜔 𝛿𝜃 𝛿𝜃 𝛿𝜔
a. b. 𝜔 c. 𝑟 d. 𝑟
𝛿𝑡 𝛿𝑡 𝛿𝑡 𝛿𝑡

4. Brakes are effective if they applied to --------------------- wheels of an automobile [ ]

a. front b. rear c. both d. none of the above
5. Which of the following brakes is commonly used in motor cars [ ]
a. band brake b. shoe brake c. band and block brake d. internal expanding brake

6. The efficiency of a screw jack is maximum when [ ]

∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
a. 𝛼 = 45° − b. 𝛼 = 45° + c. 𝛼 = 45° − d. 𝛼 = 45° +
4 4 2 2

7. Static friction always -------- kinetic friction [ ]

a. less than b. greater than c. equal d. none of these
8. If helix angle of screw is less than the angle of friction, then the screw is ---------- [ ]
a. self locking b. over-hauling c. none of these
9. If the angle of inclined plane is greater than the angle of friction, then the body ----- [ ]
a. will slide on plane b. does not move c. impend the motion d. none of these
10. For flat and conical pivots, ratio of friction torque with uniform pressure to friction torque with uniform wear is-----
a. 2/3 b. 3/2 c. 4/3 d. 3/4 [ ]
11. The maximum efficiency of a screw jack is given by (φ-angle of friction) [ ]
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙
a. 𝜂 = b. 𝜂 = c. 𝜂 = d. 𝜂 =
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙
12. Number of friction surfaces in a single plate clutch is--------------------- [ ]
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
13. In a multi plate clutch, the number of active friction surfaces if n is total number of plates [ ]
a. n b. 2n c. n-1 d. 2n-1
14. Efficiency of a screw jack is the ratio of ------------------- and ----------------------- [ ]
a. mechanical advantage( M.A), velocity ratio(V.R) b. V.R, M.A c. none

15. Collars are provided at any position of the shaft to take axial thrust TRUE/ FALSE

16. Uniform pressure Theory is generally followed in the analysis of pivots TRUE/FALSE

17. When the frictional force helps the applied force in applying the brake, the brake is [ ]
a. self locking b. automatic c. self energizing d. none of the above

18. For a triple hand thread, the lead is equal to----- [

a. pitch(p) b. 2p c. 3p 4. 4p

19. The ratio of tensions on the tight and slack sides in a band and block brake is [ ]

𝑇𝑛 1−µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑛 𝑇𝑛 1−µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 2𝑛 𝑇𝑛 1+µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑛 𝑇𝑛 1−µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 1/𝑛

a. =( ) b. =( ) c. =( ) d. =( )
𝑇𝑜 1+µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑇𝑜 1+µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑇𝑜 1−µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑇𝑜 1+µ𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

20. Brakes commonly used in trains are--------------------brakes [ ]

a. band b. shoe c. band and block d. internal expanding brakes