AC: 11-05-2017

Item No.________

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

Syllabus for Approval

Sr. No. Heading Particulars

1 Title of Course M.Sc. Chemistry
Semester I and II

2 Eligibility for Admission The B.Sc. degree examination of this university

with chemistry 6 units or 3 units or degree of
any other university recognized as equivalent
thereto .
3 Passing marks Minimum D Grade or equivalent
minimum marks for passing at the
Graduation level.

4 Ordinances/Regulations (if
any)
5 No. of Years/Semesters One year/Two semester

6 Level P.G. part-I

7 Pattern Semester

8 Status Revised

9 To be implemented from 2017-2018

Academic year

Date: 05-5-2017 Signature:

BoS Chairperson: Dr. Anil V. Karnik
 Proposed Draft Syllabus For
M.Sc. Chemistry
Semester I and II
Choice Based Credit System
(To be implemented from the academic year, 2017-2018)

Semester – I
Paper I
Physical Chemistry: Course Code: PSCH 101
[60 L]
Unit - I

Thermodynamics-I [15]

1.1. State function and exact differentials. Maxwell equations, Maxwell thermodynamic
Relations; it’s significance and applications to ideal gases, Joule Thomson experiment,
Joule Thomson coefficient, inversion temperature, Joule Thomson coefficient in terms of
van der Waals constants. [8L]
1.2. Third law of Thermodynamics, Entropy change for a phase transition, absolute entropies,
determination of absolute entropies in terms of heat capacity, standard molar entropies
and their dependence on molecular mass and molecular structure, residual entropy. [7L]
[Ref 2 and 1,10,11,12 17]

Unit II

Quantum Chemistry: [15L]

2.1. Classical Mechanics, failure of classical mechanics: Need for Quantum Mechanics.
2.2. Particle waves and Schrödinger wave equation, wave functions, properties of wave
functions, Normalization of wave functions, orthogonality of wave functions.
2.3. Operators and their algebra, linear and Hermitian operators, operators for the dynamic
variables of a system such as, position, linear momentum, angular momentum, total
energy, eigen functions, eigen values and eigen value equation, Schrödinger wave
equation as the eigen value equation of the Hamiltonian operator, average value and the
expectation value of a dynamic variable of the system, Postulates of Quantum
Mechanics, Schrodinger’s Time independent wave equation from Schrodinger’s time
dependent wave equation.
2.4. Application of quantum mechanics to the following systems:
a) Free particle, wave function and energy of a free particle.
 b) Particle in a one, two and three dimensional box, separation of variables, Expression
for the wave function of the system, expression for the energy of the system, concept
of quantization, introduction of quantum number, degeneracy of the energy levels.
c) Harmonic oscillator, approximate solution of the equation, Hermite polynomials,
expression for wave function, expression for energy, use of the recursion formula.
[Ref 7, 8 and 9]

Unit III

Chemical Dynamics-I [15L]

3.1.Composite Reactions:
Recapitulation: Rate laws, Differential rate equations Consecutive reactions,
Steady state Approximation, rate determining steps, Microscopic Reversibility and
Detailed Balanced Chain reactions-chain initiation processes. Some inorganic
mechanisms: formation and decomposition of phosgene, decomposition of ozone,
Reaction between Hydrogen and Bromine and some general examples Organic
Decompositions: Decomposition of ethane, decomposition of acetaldehyde Gas phase
combustion: Reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, Semenov – Hinshelwood and
Thompson mechanism, Explosion limits and factors affecting explosion limits.

3.2.Polymerization reactions: Kinetics of stepwise polymerization, Calculation of degree

of polymerization for stepwise reaction. Kinetics of free radical chain polymerization,
Kinetic chain length and estimation of average no .of monomer units in the polymer
produced by chain polymerization.

3.3.Reaction in Gas Phase

Unimolecular Reactions: Lindeman-Hinshelwood theory, Rice-Ramsperger-Kasssel
(RRK) theory, Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel Marcus (RRKM) theory.
[Ref. 2 and 15, 17, 18]

Unit IV

Electrochemistry [15L]

Recapitulation – basics of electrochemistry.

4.1.Debye-Hückel theory of activity coefficient, Debye-Hückel limiting law and it’s

extension to higher concentration (derivations are expected).

4.2.Electrolytic conductance and ionic interaction, relaxation effect,. Debye-Hückel-

Onsager equation (derivation expected). Validity of this equation for aqueous and
non- aqueous solution, deviations from Onsager equation, Debye -Falkenhagen effect
(dispersion of conductance at high frequencies), Wien effect.
 4.3.Batteries: Alkaline fuel cells, Phosphoric acid fuel cells, High temperature fuel cells
[Solid –Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells]

4.4.Bio-electrochemistry: Introduction, cells and membranes, membrane potentials,

theory of membrane potentials, interfacial electron transfer in biological systems,
adsorption of proteins onto metals from solution, electron transfer from modified
metals to dissolved protein in solution, enzymes as electrodes, electrochemical
enzyme-catalysed oxidation of styrene. Goldmann equation. (derivations are
expected)
[Ref: 14 and 16, 17, 18]

[Note: Numerical and theoretical problems from each unit are expected]

References:

1. Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula, Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 7th Edn., Oxford
University Press, 2002.
2. K.J. Laidler and J.H. Meiser, Physical Chemistry, 2nd Ed., CBS Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi, 1999.
3. Robert J. Silby and Robert A. Alberty, Physical Chemistry, 3rd Edn., John Wiley and
Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2002.
4. Ira R. Levine, Physical Chemistry, 5th Edn., Tata McGraw-Hill New Delhi, 2002.
5. G.W. Castellan, Physical Chemistry, 3rd Edn., Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi,
1983.
6. S. Glasstone, Text Book of Physical Chemistry, 2nd Edn., McMillan and Co. Ltd.,
London, 1962
7. B.K. Sen, Quantum Chemistry including Spectroscopy, Kalyani Publishers, 2003.
8. A.K. Chandra, Introductory Quantum Chemistry, Tata McGraw – Hill, 1994.
9. R.K. Prasad, Quantum Chemistry, 2nd Edn., New Age International Publishers, 2000.
10. S. Glasstone, Thermodynamics for Chemists, Affiliated East-West Press, New Delhi,
1964.
11. W.G. Davis, Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics – A Non – Calculus
Approach, Saunders, Philadelphia, 19772.
12. Peter A. Rock, Chemical Thermodynamics, University Science Books, Oxford
University Press, 1983.
13. Ira N. Levine, Quantum Chemistry, 5th Edn., Pearson Education (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.,
Indian Branch, New Delhi, 2000.
14. Thomas Engel and Philip Reid, Physical Chemistry, 3rd Edn., Pearson Education
Limited 2013.
15. D.N. Bajpai, Advanced Physical Chemistry, S. Chand 1st Edn., 1992.
16. Bockris, John O'M., Reddy, Amulya K.N., Gamboa-Aldeco, Maria E., Modern
Electrochemistry, 2A, Plenum Publishers, 1998.
17. Physical Chemistry by Gurtu and Gurtu
18. A Text book of Physical Chemistry by K L kapoor Vol 5 , 2nd Edn
 Physical Chemistry Practical
Paper I
Course Code: PSCHP 101

Non – Instrumental:

1. To determine the heat of solution (ΔH) of a sparingly soluble acid (benzoic /salicylic
acid) from solubility measurement at three different temperature.
2. To study the variation of calcium sulphate with ionic strength and hence determine
the thermodynamic solubility product of CaSO 4 at room temperature.
3. To investigate the reaction between acetone and iodine.
4. To study the variation in the solubility of Ca(OH) 2 in presence of NaOH and hence to
determine the solubility product of Ca(OH) 2 at room temperature.
5. Graph Plotting of mathematical functions –linear, exponential and trigonometry and
identify whether functions are acceptable or non-acceptable?

Instrumental:

1. To determine the mean ionic activity coefficient of an electrolyte by e.m.f.

measurement.
2. To study the effect of substituent on the dissociation constant of acetic acid
conductometrically.
3. To determine pKa values of phosphoric acid by potentiometric titration with sodium
hydroxide using glass electrode.
4. To verify Ostwald’s dilution law and to determine the dissociation constant of a weak
mono-basic acid conductometrically.

References:
1 Practical Physical Chemistry, B. Viswanathan and P.S. Raghavan, Viva Books Private
Limited, 2005.
2 Practical Physical Chemistry, A.M. James and F.E. Prichard, 3rd Edn., Longman
Group Ltd., 1974.
3 Experimental Physical Chemistry, V.D. Athawale and P. Mathur, New Age
International Publishers, 2001.
 Paper II
Inorganic Chemistry: Course Code: PSCH 102
(60 L)
Unit I
Chemical Bonding: [15 L]
1.1 Recapitulation of hybridization Derivation of wave functions for sp, sp2,
sp3 orbital hybridization types considering only sigma bonding.
1.2 Discussion of involvement of d orbitals in various types of hybridizations. Concept
of resonance, resonance energy derivation expected. Formal charge with examples.
1.3 Critical analysis of VBT.
1.4 Molecular Orbital Theory for diatomic species of First transition Series.
1.5 Molecular Orbital Theory for Polyatomic species considering σ bonding for SF 6 ,
CO 2 , B 2 H 6 , I 3 - molecular species.
1.6 Weak forces of attraction: Hydrogen bonding – concept, types, properties, methods
of detection and importance. Van der Waal’s forces, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole,
London forces.

Unit-II

Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory: [15L]

2.1. Symmetry criterion of optical activity, symmetry restrictions on dipole moment. A

systematic procedure for symmetry classification of molecules.
2.2. Concepts of Groups, Sub-groups, Classes of Symmetry operations, Group
Multiplication Tables. Abelian and non-Abelian point groups.
2.3. Representation of Groups: Matrix representation of symmetry operations, reducible
and irreducible representations. The Great Orthogonality Theorem and its
application in construction of character tables for point groups C 2 v, C 3 v and D 2h ,
structure of character tables.
2.4. Applications of Group Theory
(a) Symmetry adapted linear combinations (SALC), symmetry aspects of MO
theory, sigma bonding in AB n (Ammonia, CH 4 ) molecule.
(b) Determination of symmetry species for translations and rotations.
(c) Mulliken’s notations for irreducible representations.
(d) Reduction of reducible representations using reduction formula.
(e) Group-subgroup relationships.
(f) Descent and ascent in symmetry correlation diagrams showing relationship
between different groups.
Unit–III

Materials Chemistry and Nanomaterials: [15 L]

3.1 Solid State Chemistry

3.1.1. Electronic structure of solids and band theory, Fermi level, K Space and Brillouin
Zones.
3.1.2. Structures of Compounds of the type: AB [nickel arsenide (NiAs)], AB 2 [fluorite
(CaF 2 ) and anti-fluorite structures, rutile (TiO 2 ) structure and layer structure
[cadmium chloride and iodide (CdCl 2 , CdI 2 )].
3.1.3. Methods of preparation for inorganic solids: Ceramic method, precursor method,
sol-gel method (applications in Biosensors), microwave synthesis (discussion on
principles, examples, merits and demerits are expected)
3.2 Nanomaterials
3.2.1. Preparative methods: Chemical methods, Solvothermal, Combustion synthesis,
Microwave, Co-precipitation, Langmuir Blodgett(L-B) method, Biological
methods: Synthesis using microorganisms.
3.2.2. Applications in the field of semiconductors, solar cells

Unit - IV

Characterisation of Coordination compounds [15L]

4.1. Formation, thermal studies, Conductivity measurements, electronic spectral and

magnetic measurements, IR, NMR and ESR spectroscopic methods.
4.2. Spectral calculations using Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagram, calculation of
electronic parameters such as ∆, B, C, Nephelauxetic ratio.
4.3. Determination of formation constants of metal complexes (Overall and Stepwise):
Comparative studies of Potentiometric and spectral methods.

References :
Unit I
1. B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma and K. C. Kalia, Principles of Inorganic Chemistry,
Milestone Publishers, 2013-2014.
2. W. W. Porterfield, Inorganic Chemistry-A Unified Approach, 2nd Ed., Academic
Press, 1993.
3. B. W. Pfennig, Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley, 2015.
4. C. E. Housecroft and A. G. Sharpe, Inorganic Chemistry, Pearson Education
Limited, 2nd Edition 2005.
5. J. Huheey, F. A. Keiter and R. I. Keiter, Inorganic Chemistry–Principles of
Structure and Reactivity, 4th Ed., Harper Collins, 1993.
6. P. J. Durrant and B. Durrant, Introduction to Advanced Inorganic Chemistry,
Oxford University Press, 1967.
 7. R. L. Dekock and H.B.Gray, Chemical Structure and Bonding, The Benjamin
Cummings Publishing Company, 1989.
8. G. Miessler and D. Tarr, Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Ed., Pearson Education, 2004.
9. R. Sarkar, General and Inorganic Chemistry, Books & Allied (P) Ltd., 2001.
10. C. M. Day and J. Selbin, Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, Affiliated East West
Press Pvt. Ltd., 1985.
11. J. N. Murrell, S. F. A. Kettle and J. M. Tedder, The Chemical Bond, Wiley, 1978.
12. G. A. Jeffrey, An Introduction to Hydrogen Bonding, Oxford University Press, Inc.,
1997.
Unit II

1. F. A. Cotton, Chemical Applications of Group Theory, 2nd Edition, Wiley Eastern

Ltd., 1989.
2. H. H. Jaffe and M. Orchin, Symmetry in Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New
York, 1996.
3. R. L. Carter, Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory, John Wiley & Sons, New
York, 1998.
4. K. V. Reddy. Symmetry and Spectroscopy of Molecules, 2nd Edition, New Age
International Publishers, New Delhi, 2009.
5. A. Salahuddin Kunju and G. Krishnan, Group Theory and its Applications in
Chemistry, PHI Learning, 2012.
6. P. K. Bhattacharya, Group Theory and its Chemical Applications, Himalaya
Publishing House. 2014.
7. S. Swarnalakshmi, T. Saroja and R. M. Ezhilarasi, A Simple Approach to Group
Theory in Chemistry, Universities Press, 2008.
Unit III
1. Solid State Chemistry Introduction, Lesley E. Smart, Elaine A. Moore, ISBN 0-203-
49635-3, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

2. Nanomaterials & Nanochemistry, 2007, Catherine Brechignac, Philippe Houdy,

Marcel Lahmani, ISBN 978-3-540-72992-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York.

3. Nanomaterials Chemistry, Recent Developments and New Directions C.N.R. Rao,

A. Muller, and A.K. Cheetham, ISBN 978-3-527-31664-9, 2007 WILEY-VCH
Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

4. Nano-Surface Chemistry, 2001, Morton Rosoff, ISBN: 0-8247-0254-9, Marcel

Dekker Inc. New York.

5. The Chemistry of Nanomaterials, CNR Rao, Muller Cheetham, WILEY-VCH

Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2004.
 6. Semiconductor Nanomaterials, Challa S.S.R. Kumar, ISBN: 978-3-527-32166-7,
WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2010.

Unit IV
1. J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter and R. L. Keiter; Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of
Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Education, 2006.
2. D. Banerjea ,Coordination Chemistry
3. Geary Coordination reviews
4. P.W. Atkins, T. Overton, J. Rourke, M. Weller and F. Armstrong; Shriver & Atkins:
Inorganic Chemistry, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2006.
5. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo and M. Bochmann; Advanced Inorganic
Chemistry, 6th ed. Wiley, 1999,
6. B. Douglas, D. McDaniel and J. Alexander. Concepts and Models of Inorganic
Chemistry(3rd edn.), John Wiley & Sons (1994).

Inorganic Chemistry Practical

Paper II
Course Code: PSCHP 102
Inorganic Preparations (Synthesis and Characterization)
1) Bis-(tetraethylammonium) tetrachloro Cuprate (II) (Et 4 N) 2 [CuCl4]
2) Bis-(tetraethylammonium) tetrachloro Nickelate (II) (Et 4 N) 2 [NiCl 4 ]
3) Bis-(tetraethylammonium) tetrachloro Cobaltate (II) (Et 4 N) 2 [CoCl 4 ]
(Any two from above preparations)
4) Tetrammine monocarbanato Cobalt (III) Nitrate [Co(NH 3 ) 4 CO 3 ]NO 3
5) Bis (ethylenediammine) Copper (II) Sulphate [Cu(en) 2 ]SO 4
6) Hydronium dichloro bis( dimethylglyoximato) Cobaltate(III) H[ Co(dmgH) 2 Cl 2 ]

Instrumentation
1) Determination of equilibrium constant by Slope intercept method for Fe+3/ SCN-
system
2) Determination of Electrolytic nature of inorganic compounds by Conductance
measurement.

Reference:
1. Advanced experiments in Inorganic Chemistry., G. N. Mukherjee., 1st Edn., 2010.,
U.N.Dhur & Sons Pvt Ltd
2. The Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Compounds by William L. Jolly
3. Inorganic Chemistry Practical Under UGC Syllabus for M.Sc. in all India
Universities By: Dr Deepak Pant
 Paper III
Organic Chemistry: Course Code: PSCH 103
Lectures: 60 L
Unit I

Physical Organic Chemistry: (15 L)

1.1. Thermodynamic and kinetic requirements of a reaction: rate and equilibrium

constants, reaction coordinate diagram, transition state (activated complex), nature of
activated complex, Hammond postulate, Reactivity vs selectivity, Curtin-Hammett
Principle, Microscopic reversibility, Kinetic vs thermodynamic control of organic
reactions.
1.2. Determining mechanism of a reaction: Product analysis, kinetic studies, use of
isotopes (Kinetic isotope effect – primary and secondary kinetic isotope effect).
Detection and trapping of intermediates, crossover experiments and stereochemical
evidence.
1.3. Acids and Bases: Factors affecting acidity and basicity: Electronegativity and inductive
effect, resonance, bond strength, electrostatic effects, hybridization, aromaticity and
solvation. Comparative study of acidity and basicity of organic compounds on the basis
of pKa values, Leveling effect and non-aqueous solvents. Acid and base catalysis –
general and specific catalysis with examples.
[Reference Books: 1, 2, 3, 16]

Unit II
Nucleophilic substitution reactions and Aromaticity
2.1. Nucleophilic substitution reactions: (9 L)
2.1.1. Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution: S N 1, S N 2, S N i reactions, mixed S N 1 and S N 2
and SET mechanisms. S N reactions involving NGP - participation by aryl rings, α-
and pi-bonds. Factors affecting these reactions: substrate, nucleophilicity, solvent,
steric effect, hard-soft interaction, leaving group. Ambident nucleophiles. S N cA,
S N 1’ and S N 2’ reactions. S N at sp2 (vinylic) carbon.
2.1.2. Aromatic nucleophilic substitution: S N Ar, S N 1, benzyne mechanisms. Ipso, cine,
tele and vicarious substitution.
2.1.3. Ester hydrolysis: Classification, nomenclature and study of all eight mechanisms of
acid and base catalyzed hydrolysis with suitable examples.
2.2. Aromaticity: (6 L)
 2.2.1. Structural, thermochemical, and magnetic criteria for aromaticity, including NMR
characteristics of aromatic systems. Delocalization and aromaticity.
2.2.2. Application of HMO theory to monocyclic conjugated systems. Frost-Musulin
diagrams. Huckel’s (4n+2) and 4n rules.
2.2.3. Aromatic and antiaromatic compounds up-to 18 carbon atoms. Homoaromatic
compounds. Aromaticity of all benzenoid systems, heterocycles, metallocenes,
azulenes, annulenes, aromatic ions and Fullerene (C 60 ).
[Reference Books: 4-15]

Unit-III
Stereochemistry: (15 L)
3.1. Concept of Chirality: Recognition of symmetry elements.
3.2. Molecules with tri- and tetra-coordinate centers: Compounds with carbon, silicon,
nitrogen, phosphorous and sulphur chiral centers, relative configurational stabilities.
3.3. Molecules with two or more chiral centers: Constitutionally unsymmetrical
molecules: erythro-threo and syn-anti systems of nomenclature. Interconversion of
Fischer, Sawhorse, Newman and Flying wedge projections. Constitutionally
symmetrical molecules with odd and even number of chiral centers: enantiomeric and
meso forms, concept of stereogenic, chirotopic, and pseudoasymmetric centres. R-S
nomenclature for chiral centres in acyclic and cyclic compounds.
3.4. Axial and planar chirality: Principles of axial and planar chirality. Stereochemical
features and configurational descriptors (R,S) for the following classes of compounds:
allenes, alkylidene cycloalkanes, spirans, biaryls (buttressing effect) (including BINOLs
and BINAPs), ansa compounds, cyclophanes, trans-cyclooctenes.
3.5. Prochirality: Chiral and prochiral centres; prochiral axis and prochiral plane.
Homotopic, heterotopic (enantiotopic and diastereotopic) ligands and faces.
Identification using substitution and symmetry criteria. Nomenclature of
stereoheterotopic ligands and faces. Symbols for stereoheterotopic ligands in
molecules with i) one or more prochiral centres ii) a chiral as well as a prochiral centre,
iii) a prochiral axis iv) a prochiral plane v) pro-pseudoasymmetric centre. Symbols for
enantiotopic and diastereotopic faces.
[Reference Books: 6-8]

Unit-IV
Oxidation and Reduction: (15 L)
4.1. Oxidation: General mechanism, selectivity, and important applications of the
following:
4.1.1. Dehydrogenation: Dehydrogenation of C-C bonds including aromatization of six
membered rings using metal (Pt, Pd, Ni) and organic reagents (chloranil, DDQ).
4.1.2. Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones: Chromium reagents such as
K 2 Cr 2 O 7 /H 2 SO 4 (Jones reagent), CrO 3 -pyridine (Collin’s reagent), PCC (Corey’s
reagent) and PDC (Cornforth reagent), hypervalent iodine reagents (IBX, Dess-Martin
periodinane). DMSO based reagents (Swern oxidation), Corey-Kim oxidation -
advantages over Swern and limitations; and Pfitzner-Moffatt oxidation-DCC and
DMSO and Oppenauer oxidation.
4.1.3. Oxidation involving C-C bonds cleavage: Glycols using HIO 4 ; cycloalkanones
using CrO 3 ; carbon-carbon double bond using ozone, KMnO 4 , CrO 3 , NaIO 4 and
OsO 4 ; aromatic rings using RuO 4 and NaIO 4 .
4.1.4. Oxidation involving replacement of hydrogen by oxygen: oxidation of CH 2 to CO
by SeO 2 , oxidation of arylmethanes by CrO 2 Cl 2 (Etard oxidation).
4.1.5. Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones: with H 2 O 2 (Dakin reaction), with peroxy acid
(Baeyer-Villiger oxidation)
4.2. Reduction: General mechanism, selectivity, and important applications of the
following reducing reagents:
4.2.1. Reduction of CO to CH 2 in aldehydes and ketones- Clemmensen reduction, Wolff-
Kishner reduction and Huang-Minlon modification.
4.2.2. Metal hydride reduction: Boron reagents (NaBH 4 , NaCNBH 3 , diborane, 9-BBN,
Na(OAc) 3 BH, aluminium reagents (LiAlH 4 , DIBAL-H, Red Al, L and K-
selectrides).
4.2.3. NH 2 NH 2 (diimide reduction) and other non-metal based agents including organic
reducing agents (Hantzsch dihydropyridine).
4.2.4. Dissolving metal reductions: using Zn, Li, Na, and Mg under neutral and acidic
conditions, Li/Na-liquid NH 3 mediated reduction (Birch reduction) of aromatic
compounds and acetylenes.
[Reference Books: 17, 18, 14]
Reference Books:
1. Physical Organic Chemistry, Neil Isaacs
2. Modern Physical Organic Chemistry, Eric V. Anslyn and Dennis A. Dougherty
3. Comprehensive Organic chemistry, Barton and Ollis, Vol 1
4. Organic Chemistry, J. Claydens, N. Greeves, S. Warren and P. Wothers, Oxford
University Press.
5. Advanced Organic Chemistry, F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, Part A and B, Plenum
Press.
6. Stereochemistry: Conformation and mechamism, P.S. Kalsi, New Age International,
New Delhi.
 7. Stereochemistry of carbon compounds, E.L Eliel, S.H Wilen and L.N Manden, Wiley.
8. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds- Principles and Applications, D. Nasipuri.
New International Publishers Ltd.
9. March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure,
Michael B. Smith, Jerry March, Wiley.
10. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and mechanism, B. Miller and R. Prasad,
Pearson Education.
11. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reaction mechanisms, R. Bruckner, Academic Press.
12. Understanding Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Adams Jacobs, Cambridge University
Press.
13. Writing Reaction Mechanism in organic chemistry, A. Miller, P.H. Solomons,
Academic Press.
14. Principles of Organic Synthesis, R.O.C. Norman and J.M Coxon, Nelson Thornes.
15. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and mechanism, L.G. Wade, Jr., Maya
Shankar Singh, Pearson Education.
16. Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Peter sykes, 6th edition onwards.
17. Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, W. Carruthers and Iain Coldham, Cambridge
University Press.
18. Organic Synthesis, Jagdamba Singh, L.D.S. Yadav, Pragati Prakashan.

Organic Chemistry Practical

Paper III
Course Code: PSCHP 103

One step preparations (1.0 g scale)

1. Bromobenzene to p-nitrobromobenzene
2. Anthracene to anthraquinone
3. Benzoin to benzil
4. Anthracene to Anthracene maleic anhydride adduct
5. 2-Naphthol to BINOL
6. p-Benzoquinone to 1,2,4-triacetoxybenzene
7. Ethyl acetoacetate to 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-one
8. o-Phenylenediamine to 2-methylbenzimidazole
9. o-Phenylenediamine to 2,3-diphenylqunooxaline
10. Urea and benzil to 5,5-diphenylhydantoin

Learning points:
1. Planning of synthesis, effect of reaction parameters including stoichiometry, and
safety aspects including MSDS should be learnt.
2. Purify the product by crystallization. Formation and purity of the product should be
checked by TLC
3. Report mass and melting point of the purified product.
 Paper IV
Analytical Chemistry: Course Code: PSCH 104
Lectures: 60 L
Unit - I
1.1 Language of Analytical Chemistry [8 L]
1.1.1 Analytical perspective, Common analytical problems, terms involved in analytical
chemistry (analysis, determination, measurement, techniques, methods, procedures and
protocol)
1.1.2 An overview of analytical methods, types of instrumental methods, instruments for
analysis, data domains, electrical and non-electrical domains, detectors, transducers and
sensors, selection of an analytical method, accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity,
detection limit and dynamic range.
1.1.3 Errors, determinate and indeterminate errors. Types of determinate errors, tackling of
errors. 1.1.4 Quantitative methods of analysis: calibration curve, standard addition and
internal standard method.
1.2 Quality in Analytical Chemistry: [7 L]
1.2.1 Quality Management System (QMS):
Evolution and significance of Quality Management, types of quality standards for
laboratories, total quality management (TQM), philosophy implementation of TQM
(reference of Kaizen, Six Sigma approach & 5S), quality audits and quality reviews,
responsibility of laboratory staff for quality and problems.
1.2.2 Safety in Laboratories:
Basic concepts of Safety in Laboratories, Personal Protection Equipment (PPE), OSHA,
Toxic Hazard (TH) classifications, Hazardous Chemical Processes (including process
calorimetry / thermal build up concepts).
1.2.3 Accreditations:
Accreditation of Laboratories, Introduction to ISO series, Indian Government
Standards (ISI, Hallmark, Agmark)
1.2.4 Good Laboratory Practices (GLP)
Principle, Objective, OECD guidelines, The US FDA 21CFR58, Klimisch score

Unit- II
Calculations based on Chemical Principles [15 L]
The following topics are to be covered in the form of numerical problems only.
a. Concentration of a solution based on volume and mass units.
b. Calculations of ppm, ppb and dilution of the solutions, concept of mmol.
 c. Stoichiometry of chemical reactions, concept of kg mol, limiting reactant, theoretical
and practical yield.
d. Solubility and solubility equilibria, effect of presence of common ion.
e. Calculations of pH of acids, bases, acidic and basic buffers.
f. Concept of formation constants, stability and instability constants, stepwise formation
constants.
g. Oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, redox reaction in term of
oxidation number, oxidizing and reducing agents, equivalent weight of oxidizing and
reducing agents, stoichiometry of redox titration (Normality of a solution of a
oxidizing / reducing agent and its relationship with molarity).

Unit III
Optical Methods [15 L]
3.1 Recapitulation and FT Technique [3 L]
3.1.1 Recapitulation of basic concepts, Electromagnetic spectrum, Sources, Detectors, sample
containers.
3.1.2 Laser as a source of radiation, Fibre optics
3.1.3 Introduction of Fourier Transform
3.2 Molecular Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy [6 L]
NUMERICALS ARE EXPECTED
3.2.1 Derivation of Beer- Lambert’s Law and its limitations, factors affecting molecular
absorption, types of transitions [emphasis on charge transfer absorption], pH,
temperature, solvent and effect of substituents.
Applications of Ultraviolet and Visible spectroscopy:
1) On charge transfer absorption
2) Simultaneous spectroscopy
3) Derivative Spectroscopy
3.2.2 Dual spectrometry – Introduction, Principle, Instrumentation and Applications
3.3 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy [6 L]
3.3.1 Instrumentation: Sources, Sample handling, Transducers, Dispersive, non-dispersive
instrument05 L
3.3.2 FTIR and its advantages
3.3.3 Applications of IR [Mid IR, Near IR, Far IR]: Qualitative with emphasis on “Finger
print” region, Quantitative analysis, Advantages and Limitations of IR
3.3.4 Introduction and basic principles of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
 Unit - IV
4.1 Thermal Methods: [9 L]
4.1.1 Introduction, Recapitulation of types of thermal methods, comparison between TGA
and DTA.
4.1.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry- Principle, comparison of DTA and DSC,
Instrumentation, Block diagram, Nature of DSC Curve, Factors affecting curves
(sample size, sample shape, pressure).
4.1.3 Applications - Heat of reaction, Specific heat, Safety screening, Polymers, liquid
crystals, Percentage cystallinity, oxidative stability, Drug analysis, Magnetic
transition. e.g. Analysis of Polyethylene for its crystallinity.
4.2 Automation in chemical analysis: [6 L]
Need for automation, Objectives of automation, An overview of automated
instruments and instrumentation, process control analysis, flow injection analysis,
discrete automated systems, automatic analysis based on multilayered films, gas
monitoring equipments, Automatic titrators.

References
Unit I
1. Modern Analytical Chemistry by David Harvey, McGraw-Hill Higher Education
2. Principles of Instrumental Analysis - Skoog, Holler and Nieman, 5th Edition, Ch: 1.
3. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, By Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James
Holler, Stanley R. Crouch, 9th Edition, 2004, Ch: 5.
4. Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis, 6th Edition, J W Robinson, Marcel Dekker, Ch:1.
5. ISO 9000 Quality Systems Handbook, Fourth Edition, David Hoyle. (Chapter: 3 & 4)
(Free download).
6. Quality in the Analytical Laboratory, Elizabeth Pichard, Wiley India, Ch: 5, Ch: 6 &Ch: 7.
7. Quality Management, Donna C S Summers, Prentice-Hall of India, Ch:3.
8. Quality in Totality: A Manager’s Guide To TQM and ISO 9000, ParagDiwan, Deep &
Deep Publications, 1st Edition, 2000.
9. Quality Control and Total Quality Management - P.L. Jain-Tata McGraw-Hill (2006)
Total Quality Management - Bester field - Pearson Education, Ch:5.
10. Industrial Hygiene and Chemical Safety, M H Fulekar, Ch:9, Ch:11 & Ch:15.
11. Safety and Hazards Management in Chemical Industries, M N Vyas, Atlantic Publisher,
Ch:4, Ch:5 & Ch:19.
12. Staff, World Health Organization (2009) Handbook: Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)
13. OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (as revised in 1997)". OECD
Environmental Health and Safety Publications. OECD. 1. 1998.
14. Klimisch, HJ; Andreae, M; Tillmann, U (1997). "A systematic approach for evaluating the
quality of experimental toxicological and eco-toxicological
data". doi:10.1006/rtph.1996.1076. PMID 9056496.
Unit II
1. 3000 solved problems in chemistry, Schaums Solved problem series, David E. Goldbers,
Mc Graw Hill international Editions, Chapter 11,15,16,21,22
Unit III
1. D. A. Skoog, F. J. Holler, T. A. Nieman, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5th Edition,
Harcourt Asia Publisher. Chapter 6, 7.
2. H. H. Willard, L. L. Merritt, J. A. Dean, F. A. Settle, Instrumental Methods of Analysis,6
th Edition, CBS Publisher. Chapter 2.
3. R. D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis, McGraw Hill Publisher. Chapter 8.
4. D. A. Skoog, F. J. Holler, T. A. Nieman, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5 th Edition,
Harcourt Asia Publisher. Chapter 13, 14.
5. H. H. Willard, L. L. Merritt, J. A. Dean, F. A. Settle, Instrumental Methods of Analysis,6
th Edition, CBS Publisher. Chapter 2.
6. R. D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis, McGraw Hill Publisher. Chapter 5.
7. G. W. Ewing, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, 5 th Edition, McGraw Hill
Publisher, Chapter 3.
8. M. Ito, The effect of temperature on ultraviolet absorption spectra and its relation to
hydrogen bonding, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 4 (1960) 106-124.
9. A. J. Somnessa, The effect of temperature on the visible absorption band of iodine
inseveral solvents, Spectrochim. Acta. Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy, 33 (1977) 525-
528.
10. D. A. Skoog, F. J. Holler, T. A. Nieman, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5 th Edition,
Harcourt Asia Publisher. Chapter 16, 17.
11. R. D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis, McGraw Hill Publisher. Chapter 12
12. Z. M. Khoshhesab (2012). Infrared Spectroscopy- Materials Science, Engineering and
Technology. Prof. Theophanides Theophile (Ed.). ISBN: 978-953- 51-0537- 4,
InTech,(open access)
Unit IV
1. Introduction to instrumental methods of analysis by Robert D. Braun, Mc. Graw Hill
(1987): Chapter 27
2.Thermal Analysis-theory and applications by R. T. Sane, Ghadge, Quest Publications
3. Instrumental methods of analysis, 7 th Edition, Willard, Merrit, Dean: Chapter 25
4. Instrumental Analysis, 5 th Edition, Skoog, Holler and Nieman: Chapter 31
5. Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6 th Edition, Vogel: Chapter 12
6. Analytical Chemistry by Open Learning: Thermal Methods by James W. Dodd &
Kenneth H. Tonge
7. Instrumental methods of analysis, 7 th Edition, Willard, Merrit, Dean: Chapter 26
8. Instrumental Analysis, 5th Edition, Skoog, Holler and Nieman: Chapter 33
9. Introduction to instrumental methods of analysis by Robert D. Braun, Mc. GrawHill
(1987): Chapter 28
 Analytical Chemistry Practical
Paper IV
Course Code: PSCHP 104

1. To carry out assay of the sodium chloride injection by Volhard’s method.

Statistical method.
2. To determine (a) the ion exchange capacity (b) exchange efficiency of the given cation
exchange resin.
3. To determine amount of Cr(III) and Fe(II) individually in a mixture of the two by titration
with EDTA.
4. To determine the breakthrough capacity of a cation exchange resin.
5. To determine the lead and tin content of a solder alloy by titration with EDTA.
6. To determine amount of Cu(II) present in the given solution containing a mixture of
Cu(II) and Fe(II).
7. To determine number of nitro groups in the given compound using TiCl 3 .
References:
1. Quantitative Inorganic Analysis including Elementary Instrumental Analysis by A. I.
Vogels, 3rd Ed. ELBS (1964)
2. Vogel's textbook of quantitative chemical analysis, Sixth Ed. Mendham, Denny, Barnes,
Thomas, Pearson education
3. Standard methods of chemical analysis, F. J. Welcher
4. Standard Instrumental methods of Chemical Analysis, F. J. Welcher
5. W.W.Scott."Standard methods of Chemical Analysis",Vol.I, Van Nostrand
Company,Inc.,1939.
6. E.B.Sandell and H.Onishi,"Spectrophotometric Determination of Traces of Metals",Part-
II,4th Ed.,A Wiley Interscience Publication,New York,1978.
 Semester – II
Paper I
Physical Chemistry: Course Code: PSCH 201
[60 L]
Unit I
Chemical Thermodynamics II [15 L]

1.1. Fugacity of real gases, Determination of fugacity of real gases using graphical
method and from equation of state. Equilibrium constant for real gases in terms of
fugacity. Gibbs energy of mixing, entropy and enthalpy of mixing.
1.2. Real solutions: Chemical potential in non ideal solutions excess functions of non
ideal solutions calculation of partial molar volume and partial molar enthalpy, Gibbs
Duhem Margules equation.
1.3. Thermodynamics of surfaces, Pressure difference across curved surface
(Laplace equation), vapour pressure of droplets (Kelvin equation), Gibbs adsorption
isotherm, BET isotherm (derivations expected).
1.4. Bioenergetics : standard free energy change in biochemical reactions, exergonic,
endergonic. Hydrolysis of ATP, synthesis of ATP from ADP.

Unit II
Quantum Chemistry II [15 L]

2.1. Rigid rotor, spherical coordinates Schrödinger wave equation in spherical

coordinates, separation of the variables, the phi equation, wavefunction, quantum
number, the theta equation, wave function, quantization of rotational energy,
spherical harmonics.
2.2. Hydrogen atom, the two particle problem, separation of the energy as translational
and potential, separation of variables, the R the θ * and the φ equations, solution of
the requation, introduction of the four quantum numbers and their interdependence
on the basis of the solutions of the three equations, total wave function, expression
for the energy, probability density function, distances and energies in atomic units,
radial and angular plots., points of maximum probability, expressions for the total
wave function for 1s,2s, 2p and 3d orbitals of hydrogen.
2.3. Application of the Schrödinger equation to two electron system, limitations of the
equation, need for the approximate solutions, methods of obtaining the approximate
solution of the Schrödinger wave equation.
2.4. Hückel Molecular Orbitals theory for ethylene , 1,3-butadiene and benzene.
(Derivation expected)
Unit III
Chemical Kinetics and Molecular Reaction Dynamics [15 L]
3.1. Elementary Reactions in Solution:- Solvent Effects on reaction rates, Reactions
between ions- influence of solvent Dielectric constant, influence of ionic strength,
Linear free energy relationships Enzyme action
3.2. Kinetics of reactions catalyzed by enzymes -Michaelis-Menten analysis,
Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie Analyses.
3.3. Inhibition of Enzyme action: Competitive, Noncompetitive and Uncompetitive
Inhibition. Effect of pH, Enzyme activation by metal ions, Regulatory enzymes.
3.4. Kinetics of reactions in the Solid State:- Factors affecting reactions in solids
Rate laws for reactions in solid: The parabolic rate law, The first order rate
Law, the contracting sphere rate law,Contracting area rate law, some examples of
kinetic studies.
(Ref: 7 and 2)

Unit IV
Solid State Chemistry and Phase Equilibria [15 L]
4.1 : Solid State Chemistry
4.1.1. Recapitulation: Structures and Defects in solids.
Types of Defects and Stoichiometry
a) Zero dimensional (point) Defects
b) One dimensional (line) Defects
c) Two dimensional (Planar) Defects
d) Thermodynamics of formation of defects (Mathematical derivation to find
concentration of defects and numerical problems based on it)
(Ref: 17, 18 and19 )
4.2 Phase equilibria
4.2.1. Recapitulation: Introduction and definition of terms involved in phase rule.
Thermodynamic derivation of Gibbs Phase rule.
4.2.2. Two component system:
a) Solid –Gas System : Hydrate formation, Amino compound formation
b) Solid – Liquid System: Formation of a compound with congruent melting
point, Formation of a compound with incongruent melting point . (with suitable
examples)
4.2.3. Three component system
Type-I : Formation of one pair of partially miscible liquids
Type-II: Formation of two pairs of partially miscible liquids
Type-III: Formation of three pairs of partially miscible liquids
(Ref: 4, 6, 11, 12 ,13,16, 24 )
References

1. Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula, Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 7th Edn., Oxford
University Press, 2002.
2. K.J. Laidler and J.H. Meiser, Physical Chemistry, 2nd Ed., CBS Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi, 1999.
3. Robert J. Silby and Robert A. Alberty, Physical Chemistry, 3rd Edn., John Wiley and
Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2002.
4. Ira R. Levine, Physical Chemistry, 5th Edn., Tata McGraw-Hill New Delhi, 2002.
5. G.W. Castellan, Physical Chemistry, 3rd Edn., Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi,
1983.
6. S. Glasstone, Text Book of Physical Chemistry, 2nd Edn., McMillan and Co. Ltd.,
London, 1962.
7. Principles of Chemical Kinetics, 2nd Ed., James E. House, ELSEVIER, 2007.
8. B.K. Sen, Quantum Chemistry including Spectroscopy, Kalyani Publishers, 2003.
9. A.K. Chandra, Introductory Quantum Chemistry, Tata McGraw – Hill, 1994.
10. R.K. Prasad, Quantum Chemistry, 2nd Edn., New Age International Publishers, 2000.
11. S. Glasstone, Thermodynamics for Chemists, Affiliated East-West Press, New Delhi,
1964.
12. W.G. Davis, Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics – A Non – Calculus
Approach, Saunders, Philadelphia, 19772.
13. Peter A. Rock, Chemical Thermodynamics, University Science Books, Oxford
University Press, 1983.
14. Ira N. Levine, Quantum Chemistry, 5th Edn., Pearson Education (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.,
Indian Branch, New Delhi, 2000.
15. Thomas Engel and Philip Reid, Physical Chemistry, 3rd Edn., Pearson Education
Limited 2013.
16. D.N. Bajpai, Advanced Physical Chemistry, S. Chand 1st Edn., 1992.
17. Solid State Chemistry [An Introduction], 3rd Ed., Lesley E. Smart & Elaine A.
Moore, Taylor & Francis, 2010.
18. The Physics and ‘Chemistry of Solids, Stephen Elliott, Willey India, 2010
19. Principles of the Solid State, H.V. Keer, New Age International Publishers, 2011.
20. Solid State Chemistry, D.K. Chakrabarty, New Age International Publishers, 1996.
21. Principles of physical Chemistry , Marrown and Prutton 5th edition
22. Essentials of Physical Chemistry , Arun Bahl, B. S Bahl, G. D.Tulli , S Chand and
Co. Ltd , 2012 Edition.
23. Introduction of Solids L.V Azaroff , Tata McGraw Hill .
24. A Text book of physical Chemistry ; Applications of thermodynamics vol III, Mac
Millan Publishers India Ltd ,2011
25. New directions in solid state Chemistry, C.N.R. Rao and J Gopalkrishnan ,
Cambridge University Press.
 Physical Chemistry Practical
Paper I
Course Code: PSCHP 201

Non – instrumental:

1. Polar plots of atomic orbitals such as 1s, 2�� and 3��2 orbitals by using angular
part of hydrogen atom wave functions.
2. To study the influence of ionic strength on the base catalysed hydrolysis of ethyl
acetate.
3. To study phase diagram of three component system water – chloroform /toluene -
acetic acid.
4. To determine the rate constant of decomposition reaction of diacetone alcohol by
dialtometric method.
Instrumental:

1. To determine the formula of silver ammonia complex by potentiometric method.

2. To determine CMC of sodium Lauryl Sulphate from measurement of conductivities at
different concentrations.
3. To determine Hammette constant of m- and p- amino benzoic acid/nitro benzoic acid
by pH measurement.
4. To determine the Michaelis – Menten’s constant value (Km) of the enzyme Beta
Amylase spectrophotometrically.

References

4 Practical Physical Chemistry, B. Viswanathan and P.S. Raghavan, Viva Books Private
Limited, 2005.
5 Practical Physical Chemistry, A.M. James and F.E. Prichard, 3rd Edn., Longman
Group Ltd., 1974.
6 Experimental Physical Chemistry, V.D. Athawale and P. Mathur, New Age
International Publishers, 2001.
 Semester II
Paper II
Inorganic Chemistry: Course Code: PSCH 202

Unit I
Inorganic Reaction Mechanism: [15 L]
1.1 Rate of reactions, factors affecting the rate of reactions, techniques for
determination of rate of reaction (Direct chemical analysis, spectrophotometric
method, electrochemical and flow methods).
1.2 Ligand substitution reactions of:
a) Octahedral complexes without breaking of metal-ligand bond (Use of isotopic
labelling method)
b) Square planar complexes, trans-effect, its theories and applications. Mechanism
and factors affecting these substitution reactions.
1.3 Redox reactions: inner and outer sphere mechanisms, complimentary and non-
complimentary reactions.
1.4 Stereochemistry of substitution reactions of octahedral complexes. (Isomerization
and racemization reactions and applications.)

Unit II
Organometallic Chemistry of Transition metals: [15 L]
2.1. Eighteen and sixteen electron rule and electron counting with examples.
2.2. Preparation and properties of the following compounds
(a) Alkyl and aryl derivatives of Pd and Pt complexes
(b) Carbenes and carbynes of Cr, Mo and W
(c) Alkene derivatives of Pd and Pt
(d) Alkyne derivatives of Pd and Pt
(e) Allyl derivatives of nickel
(f) Sandwich compounds of Fe, Cr and Half Sandwich compounds of Cr, Mo.
2.3 Structure and bonding on the basis of VBT and MOT in the following
organometallic compounds:
Zeise’s salt, bis(triphenylphosphine)diphenylacetylene platinum(0)
[Pt(PPh 3 ) 2 (HC≡CPh) 2 ], diallylnickel(II), ferrocene and bis(arene)chromium(0),
tricarbonyl (η2-butadiene) iron(0).
Unit III
Environmental Chemistry:[15 L]
3.1. Conception of Heavy Metals: Critical discussion on heavy metals
3.2. Toxicity of metallic species: Mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, copper and
chromium, with respect to their sources, distribution, speciation, biochemical effects
and toxicology, control and treatment.
3.3. Case Studies:
(a) Itai-itai disease for Cadmium toxicity,
(b) Arsenic Poisoning in the Indo-Bangladesh region.
3.4. Interaction of radiation in context with the environment:Sources and biological
implication of radioactive materials. Effect of low level radiation on cells- Its
applications in diagnosis and treatment, Effect of radiation on cell proliferation and
cancer.

Unit IV
Bioinorganic Chemistry:[15 L]
4.1. Biological oxygen carriers; hemoglobin, hemerythrene and hemocyanine- structure of
metal active center and differences in mechanism of oxygen binding, Differences
between hemoglobin and myoglobin: Cooperativity of oxygen binding in hemoglobin
and Hill equation, pH dependence of oxygen affinity in hemoglobin and myoglobin
and it’s implications.
4.2. Activation of oxygen in biological system with examples of mono-oxygenases, and
oxidases- structure of the metal center and mechanism of oxygen activation by these
enzymes.
4.3. Copper containing enzymes- superoxide dismutase, tyrosinase and laccase: catalytic
reactions and the structures of the metal binding site
4.4. Nitrogen fixation-nitrogenase, hydrogenases
4.5. Metal ion transport and storage:Ionophores, transferrin, ferritin and metallothionins
4.6. Medicinal applications of cis-platin and related compounds

References

Unit I
1. P. Atkins, T. Overton, J. Rourke, M. Weller and F. Armstrong, Inorganic Chemistry,
5th Ed., Oxford University Press, 2010.
2. D. Banerjea, Coordination Chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill, 1993.
3. W. H. Malik, G. D./ Tuli and R. D. Madan, Selected Topics in Inorganic Chemistry, 8th
Ed., S. Chand & Company ltd.
4. M. L. Tobe and J. Burgess, Inorganic Reaction Mechanism, Longman, 1999.
5. S. Asperger, Chemical kinetics and Inorganic Reaction Mechanism, 2nd Ed., Kluwer
Academic/ Plenum Publishers, 2002
6. Gurdeep Raj, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry-Vol.II, 12th Edition, Goel publishing
house, 2012.
7. B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma and K. C. Kalia, Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Milestone
Publishers, 2013-2014.
8. F. Basalo and R. G. Pearson, Mechanism of Inorganic Reactions, 2nd Ed., Wiley, 1967.
9. R. Gopalan and V. Ramlingam, Concise Coordination chemistry, Vikas Publishing
house Pvt Ltd., 2001.
10. Robert B. Jordan, Reaction Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic Systems, 3rd
Ed., Oxford University Press 2008.

Unit II
1. D. Banerjea, Coordination chemistry. Tata McGrew Hill, New Delhi,1993.
2. R.C Mehrotra and A.Singh, Organometallic Chemistry- A unified Approach, 2nded,
New Age International Pvt Ltd, 2000.
3. R.H Crabtree, The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, 5th edition,
Wiley International Pvt, Ltd 2000.
4. B.Doughlas, D.H McDaniel and J.J Alexander. Concepts and Models of Inorganic
Chemistry, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons. 1983.
5. Organometallic Chemistry by G.S Sodhi. Ane Books Pvt Ltd.
Unit III
1. Environmental Chemistry 5th edition, Colin Baird Michael Cann, W. H. Freeman and
Company, New York, 2012.
2. Environmental Chemistry 7th edition, Stanley E. Manahan, CRC Press Publishers,
3. Environmental Contaminants, Daniel A. Vallero, ISBN: 0-12-710057-1, Elsevier Inc.,
2004.
4. Environmental Science 13th edition, G. Tyler Miller Jr. and Scott E. Spoolman, ISBN-
10: 0-495-56016-2, Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, 2010.
5. Fundamentals of Environmental and Toxicological Chemistry 4th edition, Stanley E.
Manahan, ISBN: 978-1-4665-5317-0, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
6. Living in the Environment 17th edition, G. Tyler Miller Jr. and Scott E. Spoolman,
ISBN-10: 0-538-49414-X, Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, 2011
7. Poisoning and Toxicology Handbook, Jerrold B. Leikin, Frank P. Paloucek, ISBN: 1-
4200-4479-6, Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
8. Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology- The Basic Science of Poisons 6th edition, McGraw-
Hill, 2001.
Unit IV
1. R. W. Hay, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ellis Harwood, England, 1984.
2. I. Bertini, H.B.Gray, S. J. Lippard and J.S. Valentine, Bioinorganic Chemistry, First
South Indian Edition, Viva Books, New Delhi, 1998.
 3. J. A. Cowan, Inorganic Biochemistry-An introduction, VCH Publication, 1993.
4. S. J. Lippard and J. M. Berg, Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry, University Science
Publications, Mill Valley, Caligronic, 1994.
5. G.N. Mukherjee and A. Das, Elements of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Dhuri & Sons,
Calcutta, 1988.
6. J.Chem. Educ. (Special issue), Nov, 1985.
7. E.Frienden, J.Chem. Educ., 1985, 62.
8. Robert R.Crechton, Biological Inorganic Chemistry – An Introduction, Elsevier
9. J. R. Frausto da Silva and R. J. P. Williams The Biological Chemistry of the Elements,
Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991.
10. JM. D. Yudkin and R. E. Offord A Guidebook to Biochemistry, Cambridge University
Press, 1980.

Inorganic Chemistry Practical

Paper II
Course Code: PSCHP 202
Ores and Alloys
1) Analysis of Devarda’s alloy
2) Analysis of Cu – Ni alloy
3) Analysis of Tin Solder alloy
4) Analysis of Limestone.
Instrumentation
1) Estimation of Copper using Iodometric method Potentiometrically.
2) Estimation of Fe+3 solution using Ce(IV) ions Potentiometrically

Reference:
1. Advanced experiments in Inorganic Chemistry., G. N. Mukherjee., 1st Edn., 2010.,
U.N.Dhur & Sons Pvt Ltd
2. The Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Compounds by William L. Jolly
3. Inorganic Chemistry Practical Under UGC Syllabus for M.Sc. in all India
Universities By: Dr Deepak Pant
 Paper III
Organic Chemistry: Course Code: PSCH 203
Lectures 60 L
Unit-I
1.1. Alkylation of Nucleophilic Carbon Intermediates: (7 L)
1.1.1. Generation of carbanion, kinetic and thermodynamic enolate formation,
Regioselectivity in enolate formation, alkylation of enolates.
1.1.2. Generation and alkylation of dianion, medium effects in the alkylation of enolates,
oxygen versus carbon as the site of alkylation.
1.1.3. Alkylation of aldehydes, ketones, esters, amides and nitriles.
1.1.4. Nitrogen analogs of enols and enolates- Enamines and Imines anions, alkylation of
enamines and imines.
1.1.5. Alkylation of carbon nucleophiles by conjugate addition (Michael reaction).
1.2. Reaction of carbon nucleophiles with carbonyl groups: (8 L)
1.2.1. Mechanism of Acid and base catalyzed Aldol condensation, Mixed Aldol
condensation with aromatic aldehydes, regiochemistry in mixed reactions of aliphatic
aldehydes and ketones, intramolecular Aldol reaction and Robinson annulation.
1.2.2. Addition reactions with amines and iminium ions; Mannich reaction.
1.2.3. Amine catalyzed condensation reaction: Knoevenagel reaction.
1.2.4. Acylation of carbanions.
[Reference Books: 1-11]

Unit II
Reactions and Rearrangements: (15 L)
Mechanisms, stereochemistry (if applicable) and applications of the following:
2.1. Reactions: Baylis-Hilman reaction, McMurry Coupling, Corey-Fuchs reaction, Nef
reaction, Passerini reaction.
2.2. Concerted rearrangements: Hofmann, Curtius, Lossen, Schmidt, Wolff, Boulton-
Katritzky.
2.3. Cationic rearrangements: Tiffeneau-Demjanov, Pummerer, Dienone-phenol, Rupe,
Wagner-Meerwein.
2.4. Anionic rearrangements: Brook, Neber, Von Richter, Wittig, Gabriel–Colman,
Payne.
[Reference Books: 19-22]
Unit-III
3.1. Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory for Organic Chemistry: ( 7 L)
3.1.1. Molecular orbitals: Formation of σ- and π-MOs by using LCAO method. Formation
of π MOs of ethylene, butadiene, 1, 3, 5-hexatriene, allyl cation, anion and radical.
Concept of nodal planes and energies of π-MOs
3.1.2. Introduction to FMOs: HOMO and LUMO and significance of HOMO-LUMO gap
in absorption spectra as well as chemical reactions. MOs of formaldehyde: The effect
of electronegativity perturbation and orbital polarization in formaldehyde. HOMO and
LUMO (π and π* orbitals) of formaldehyde. A brief description of MOs of
nucleophiles and electrophiles. Concept of ‘donor-acceptor’ interactions in
nucleophilic addition reactions on formaldehyde. Connection of this HOMO-LUMO
interaction with ‘curved arrows’ used in reaction mechanisms. The concept of
hardness and softness and its application to electrophiles and nucleophiles. Examples
of hard and soft nucleophiles/ electrophiles. Identification of hard and soft reactive
sites on the basis of MOs.
3.1.3. Application of FMO concepts in (a) S N 2 reaction, (b) Lewis acid base adducts (BF 3 -
NH 3 complex), (c) ethylene dimerization to butadiene, (d) Diels-Alder cycloaddition,
(e) regioselective reaction of allyl cation with allyl anion (f) addition of hydride to
formaldehyde.
3.2. Applications of UV and IR spectroscopy: (8 L)
3.2.1. Ultraviolet spectroscopy: Recapitulation, UV spectra of dienes, conjugated polyenes
(cyclic and acyclic), carbonyl and unsaturated carbonyl compounds, substituted
aromatic compounds. Factors affecting the position and intensity of UV bands – effect
of conjugation, steric factor, pH, and solvent polarity. Calculation of absorption
maxima for above classes of compounds by Woodward-Fieser rules (using
Woodward-Fieser tables for values for substituents).
3.2.2. Infrared spectroscopy: Fundamental, overtone and combination bands, vibrational
coupling, factors affecting vibrational frequency (atomic weight, conjugation, ring
size, solvent and hydrogen bonding). Characteristic vibrational frequencies for
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, alcohols, ethers, phenols, amines, nitriles and
nitro compounds. Detailed study of vibrational frequencies of carbonyl compounds,
aldehydes, ketones, esters, amides, acids, acid halides, anhydrides, lactones, lactams
and conjugated carbonyl compounds.

Unit-IV
NMR spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry (15 L)
4.1. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Principle, Chemical shift, Factors
affecting chemical shift (Electronegativity, H-bonding, Anisotropy effects). Chemical
and magnetic equivalence, Chemical shift values and correlation for protons bonded to
carbon and other nuclei as in alcohols, phenols, enols, carboxylic acids, amines,
amides. Spin-spin coupling, Coupling constant (J), Factors affecting J, geminal, vicinal
and long range coupling (allylic and aromatic). First order spectra, Karplus equation.
13
4.2. C NMR spectroscopy: Theory and comparison with proton NMR, proton coupled
and decoupled spectra, off-resonance decoupling. Factors influencing carbon shifts,
correlation of chemical shifts of aliphatic, olefin, alkyne, aromatic and carbonyl
carbons.
4.3. Mass spectrometry: Molecular ion peak, base peak, isotopic abundance, metastable
ions. Nitrogen rule, Determination of molecular formula of organic compounds based
on isotopic abundance and HRMS. Fragmentation pattern in various classes of organic
compounds (including compounds containing hetero atoms), McLafferty
rearrangement, Retro-Diels-Alder reaction, ortho effect.
4.4. Structure determination involving individual or combined use of the above spectral
techniques.
[Reference Books: 13-18]
References:
1. Organic Chemistry, J. Claydens, N. Greeves, S. Warren and P. Wothers, Oxford
University Press.
2. Advanced Organic Chemistry, F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, Part A, page no. 713-769,
and B, Plenum Press.
3. March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, Michael
B. Smith, Jerry March, Wiley.
4. Organic Chemistry, R.T. Morrison, R.N. Boyd and S.K. Bhattacharjee, Pearson
Publication (7th Edition)
5. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and mechanism, B. Miller and R. Prasad,
Pearson Education.
6. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reaction mechanisms, R. Bruckner, Academic Press.
7. Understanding Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Adams Jacobs, Cambridge University
Press.
8. Writing Reaction Mechanism in organic chemistry, A. Miller, P.H. Solomons, Academic
Press.
9. Principles of Organic Synthesis, R.O.C. Norman and J.M Coxon, Nelson Thornes.
10. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and mechanism, L.G. Wade, Jr., Maya Shankar
Singh, Pearson Education.
11. Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Peter Sykes, 6th
12. Molecular Orbital and Organic chemical reactions, Ian Fleming Reference Edition,
Wiley
13. Introduction to Spectroscopy, Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kriz,
Thomson Brooks.
14. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, R. Silverstein, G.C Bassler and
T.C. Morrill, John Wiley and Sons.
15. Organic Spectroscopy, William Kemp, W.H. Freeman & Company.
16. Organic Spectroscopy-Principles and Applications, Jagmohan, Narosa Publication.
17. Organic Spectroscopy, V.R. Dani, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.
18. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, P.S. Kalsi, New Age International Ltd.
19. Organic Reaction Mechanisms, V.K. Ahluwalia, R.K. Parasher, Alpha Science
International, 2011.
20. Reactions, Rearrangements and Reagents by S. N. Sanyal
21. Name Reactions, Jie Jack Li, Springer
22. Name Reactions and Reagents in Organic Synthesis, Bradford P. Mundy, M.G. Ellerd,
and F.G. Favaloro, John Wiley & Sons.

Organic Chemistry Practical

Paper III
Course Code: PSCHP 203
Separation of Binary mixture using micro-scale technique
1. Separation of binary mixture using physical and chemical methods.
2. Characterization of one of the components with the help of chemical analysis and
confirmation of the structure with the help of derivative preparation and its physical
constant.
3. Purification and determination of mass and physical constant of the second component.
The following types are expected:
(i) Water soluble/water insoluble solid and water insoluble solid,
(ii) Non-volatile liquid-Non-volatile liquid (chemical separation)
(iii) Water-insoluble solid-Non-volatile liquid.
Minimum three mixtures from each type and a total of ten mixtures are expected.
Reference:
1. Systematic Qualitative organic analysis, H. Middleton (Orient Longman)
2. A Handbook of Organic Analysis, H.T. Clark (Orient Longman)
3. Systematic Identification of organic compounds, R.L. Shriner (John Wiley, New York)
4. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders.
5. Advance Practical Organic Chemistry, N.K. Vishnoi, Vikas Publication
 Paper IV
Analytical Chemistry: Course Code: PSCH 104
[60 L]
Unit I
Chromatography [15 L]
1.1 Recapitulation of basic concepts in chromatography: Classification of
chromatographic methods, requirements of an ideal detector, types of detectors in LC
and GC, comparative account of detectors with reference to their applications (LC and
GC respectively), qualitative and quantitative analysis.[2 L]
1.2 Concept of plate and rate theories in chromatography: efficiency, resolution,
selectivity and separation capability. Van Deemter equation and broadening of
chromatographic peaks. Optimization of chromatographic conditions.[5 L]
1.3 Gas Chromatography: Instrumentation of GC with special reference to sample
injection systems – split/splitless, column types, solid/ liquid stationary phases,
column switching techniques, temperature programming, Thermionic and mass
spectrometric detector, Applications. [3 L]
1.4 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Normal phase and reversed
phase with special reference to types of commercially available columns (Use of C8
and C18 columns). Diode array type and fluorescence detector, Applications of
HPLC. Chiral and ion chromatography. [5 L]
Unit II
2.1 X-ray spectroscopy: principle, instrumentation and applications of X-ray
fluorescence, absorption and diffraction spectroscopy. [4 L]
2.2 Mass spectrometry: recapitulation, instrumentation, ion sources for molecular
studies, electron impact, field ionization, field absorption, chemical ionization and fast
atom bombardment sources. Mass analyzers: Quadrupole, time of flight and ion trap.
Applications.[6 L]
2.3 Radioanalytical Methods – recapitulation, isotope dilution method, introduction,
principle, single dilution method, double dilution method and applications. [5 L]
Unit III
3.1 Surface Analytical Techniques – [9 L]
Introduction, Principle, Instrumentation and Applications of:
3.1.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
3.1.2 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)
3.1.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
3.1.4 Electron Spectroscopy (ESCA and Auger)
 3.2 Atomic Spectroscopy [6 L]
3.2.1 Advantages and Limitations of AAS
3.2.2 Atomic Spectroscopy based on plasma sources – Introduction, Principle,
Instrumentation and Applications.
Unit IV
Electroanalytical Methods (Numericals are Expected)
4.1 Ion selective potentiometry and Polarography: [10 L]
Ion selective electrodes and their applications (solid state, precipitate, liquid –liquid,
enzyme and gas sensing electrodes), ion selective field effect transistors, biocatalytic
membrane electrodes and enzyme based biosensors.
Polarography: Ilkovic equation, derivation starting with Cottrell equation, effect of
complex formation on the polarographic waves.
4.2 Electrogravimetry: Introduction, principle, instrumentation, factors affecting the
nature of the deposit, applications.[3 L]
4.3 Coulometry: Introduction, principle, instrumentation, coulometry at controlled
potential and controlled current [2 L]

References:
Unit I
1. Instrumental Analysis, Skoog, Holler & Crouch
2 HPLC Practical and Industrial Applications, 2 nd Ed., Joel K. Swadesh, CRC Press
Unit II
1. Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry, H J Arnikar, New Age Publishers (2005)
2. Fundamentals of Radiochemistry D. D. Sood , A. V. R. Reddy and N. Ramamoorthy
3. Principles of Instrumental Analysis - Skoog, Holler and Nieman, 5th Edition, Ch: 12
4. Principles of Instrumental Analysis - Skoog, Holler and Nieman, 5th Edition, Ch: 20
Unit III
1. Instrumental Analysis by Douglas A. Skoog - F. James Holler - Crouch, Publisher:
Cengage; Edition, (2003), ISBN-10: 8131505421, ISBN-13: 978-8131505427
2. Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy, An Introduction to TEM, SEM, and AEM
3. Authors: Ray F. Egerton, ISBN: 978-0- 387-25800- 3 (Print) 978-0- 387-26016- 7
(Online)
4. Modern techniques of surface science by D.P. Woodruff, T.A. Delchar, Cambridge Univ.
Press, 1994.
5. Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy by C. J. Chen, Oxford University Press,
NewYork, 1993.
6. 5. Transmission Electron Microscopy: A text book for Material Science, David B
Williams and C., Barry Carter, Springer
7. Modern Spectroscopy, by J.M. Hollas, 3rd Edition (1996), John Wiley, New York
8. Principles of Instrumental Analysis – Skoog, Holler, Nieman, 5th ed., Harcourt College
Publishers, 1998.
9. Instrumental Analysis by Douglas A. Skoog - F. James Holler - Crouch,
Publisher: Cengage; Edition (2003), ISBN10: 8131505421, ISBN-13: 978-8131505427

Unit IV
1. Principles of Instrumental Analysis – Skoog, Holler, Nieman, 5th Edition, Harcourt
College Publishers, 1998. Chapters - 23, 24, 25.
2. Analytical Chemistry Principles – John H Kennnedy, 2nd edition, Saunders College
Publishing (1990).
3. Modern Analytical Chemistry David Harvey; McGraw Hill Higher education publishers,
(2000).
4. Vogel’s Text book of quantitative chemical analysis, 6th edition, Pearson Education
Limited, (2007).
5. Electrochemical Methods Fundamentals and Applications, Allen J Bard and Larry R
Faulkner, John Wiley and Sons, (1980).
6. Instrumental Methods of Analysis Willard, Merrit, Dean and Settle, 7th edition, CBS
publishers.

Analytical Chemistry Practical

Paper IV
Course Code: PSCHP 204
1. To determine percentage purity of sodium carbonate in washing soda pH metrically.
2. To determine amount of Ti(III) and Fe(II) in a mixture by titration with Ce(IV)
potentiometrically.
3. To determine the percentage purity of a sample (glycine/sodium benzoate/primary amine)
by titration with perchloric acid in a non aqueous medium using glass calomel system
potentiometrically.
4. To determine the amount of nitrite present in the given water sample colorimetrically.
5. To determine the amount of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in a mixture using 1,10-phenanthroline
spectrophotometrically.
6. Simultaneous determination of Cr(VI) and Mn(VII) in a mixture spectrophotometrically.
7. To determine the percentage composition of HCl and H 2 SO 4 on weight basis in a mixture
of two by conductometric titration with NaOH and BaCl 2 .
8. To determine amount of potassium in the given sample of fertilizers using flame
photometer by standard addition method.
References
1. Quantitative Inorganic Analysis including Elementary Instrumental Analysis by A. I.
Vogels, 3rd Ed. ELBS (1964)
2. Vogel's textbook of quantitative chemical analysis, Sixth Ed. Mendham, Denny, Barnes,
Thomas, Pearson education
3. Standard methods of chemical analysis, F. J. Welcher
4. Standard Instrumental methods of Chemical Analysis, F. J. Welcher
5. W.W.Scott."Standard methods of Chemical Analysis",Vol.I, Van Nostrand Company,
Inc.,1939.
6. E.B.Sandell and H.Onishi,"Spectrophotometric Determination of Traces of Metals",Part-
II, 4th Ed.,A Wiley Interscience Publication,New York,1978

Practical Examination

Practical examination of each paper for 50 marks will be held for three and half hours
Practical 40M
Journal 5M
Viva-voce 5M
Total 50M

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