International Journal of Research in Engineering and Innovation Vol-3, Issue-4 (2019), 282-290

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International Journal of Research in Engineering and Innovation

(IJREI)
journal home page: http://www.ijrei.com
ISSN (Online): 2456-6934

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Thermodynamic analysis of brayton cycle for power generation

R.S. Mishra, Manish Kumar

Department of Mechanical, Production, Industrial and Automobiles Engineering, Delhi technological University, Delhi, India
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Abstract

This paper mainly deals with the thermodynamic performances of Brayton Cycle in detail. The performance equation are developed
which includes the effect of intercooling and reheating using three operating fluids R123, R245fa and R134a for improving its
thermodynamic performances. It was observed the Brayton cycle working on R123 gives better thermodynamic performances then
R245fa & R134a. Since R123 containing chlorine content therefore R245fa is recommended which has better thermodynamic
performance then HFC-134a. The effect of various performance parameters such as pressure ratio, maximum temperature in cycle,
inlet temperature of compressor the change in Net efficiency and net-work of the Brayton cycle is investigated.
©2019 ijrei.com. All rights reserved
Keywords: Joule cycle thermodynamic performance, ecofriendly fluids, gas turbines cycle
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1. Introduction a new model taking pressure drop by loops and pinch point into
thought. The common operating fluids R123, R134a and R245fa
Energy security, economic development and atmosphere have been chosen for subcritical cases.
protection are not very well balanced these days which has put
further pressure on energy demand which is closely connected to 2. Literature review
the economic process. At the same time, the over-consumption of
fossil fuels has led to a lot of surroundings issues like heating, The theoretical investigation and has instructed the feasibleness
ozone depletion and atmosphere pollution. Fossil fuels are still of introducing a waste heat recovery system in 2 stage
the dominant form of energy resources worldwide, accounting for turbocharged HDD engine.The waste heat recovery (WHR) is
77 of the increasing energy demand 2007-2030 (IEA 2009). earned by introducing a Rankine cycle that uses an organic
When combined with the quick development of business, a substance or directly water as operating fluid looking on energetic
significant increase in energy shortages and blackouts has been performance concerns.They additionally instructed an alternate
noticed a lot frequently everywhere around the globe. Due to of for rising the general thermal efficiency of internal-combustion
those reasons, utilizing inferior waste heat for energy engine consists of recovering the energy lost by suggests that of
consumption. The most ordinarily investigated in inferior heat a waste heat recovery (WHR) system. These solutions are
supply and waste heat utilizations these days are Organic Rankine supported adapting one among the turbochargers by removing its
Cycle (ORCs) and Kalina Cycle (binary fluids and fluid rotary engine and making an attempt to recover the energy by
mixtures). When low grade heat is used, the conventional steam Rankine cycle. Finally, the rotary engine of the Rankine cycle
Rankine cycle does not offer acceptable performance as a result provides the recovered energy on to the compressor of this
of its poor thermal efficiency and big volume flows, and so turbocharger [1]. The strategy for customizing an organic
therefore known as Organic Rankine Cycle (ORCs) are projected. Rankine cycle to a fancy heat supply for economical energy
These cycle use organic substances as operating fluid system conversion, demonstrated on a Fischer Tropsch plant. Organic
comprises a minimum of 4 major comparisons, a regenerator is Rankine Cycle offer an alternate to ancient steam temperature
additionally enclosed within the current calculation. unit cycle for the conversion of low grade heat supply into power,
In this study the Combined Organic Cycle focuses the wherever typical steam power cycle is thought to be inefficient.
performance of three fluids R123, R134a and R245fa. Though A large process plant typically has multiple low temperatures
earlier studies hold innumerable options, this work provides a waste heat supply obtainable for conversion to electricity by a low
much clearer statement on IHE in subcritical ORC system setting temperature cycle, leading to composite heat supply with a

Corresponding author: R.S. Mishra

Email Address: [email protected] 282
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complex temperature-enthalpy profile. Organic fluids are Rankine cycle and created calculation based mostly result for the
sculptured employing a pure substance information. The pinch pumping work on ORC. Analysis has been administrated for
analysis technique of forming composite curve is applied to eighteen completely different organic fluids that may be used an
research the impact of every building block on the temperature- operating fluids within the subcritical ORC system. A trial was
enthalpy profile of the ORC heat demand [2]. The performance created to search out correlations between numerous thermo-
analysis of double organic Rankine cycle for discontinuous physical properties of operating fluids, specific work and power
temperature waste heat recovery. The optimum operation of many of cycle [10].
operating fluids are calculated by a procedure using MATLAB The energy potency analysis of organic Rankine cycle with scroll
and REPROP. The influence of outlet temperature of warmth expanders for co-generative applications. The model of scroll
supply on internet power output, thermal efficiency, power machine is applicable to calculate the performance of each a
consumption, mass rate of flow, expander outlet temperature, compressor and expander, as perform of pure mathematics of
cycle irreversibility and exergy potency at a given pinch device and dealing fluid [11]. Solar power-driven Rankine cycle
temperature difference has been used to get a thermodynamically for water production. He additionally centered that on the analysis
understanding of the ORC performance [4]. Electricity from of distributed solar power-driven generation systems for driving
industrial waste heat exploitation high speed organic Rankine a reverse diffusion method process. Results signifies the
cycle. Within the conversion of cold heat into electricity the best desalinization system coupled to solar power-driven organic
efficiency is obtained in several cases by using AN Organic Rankine cycle exhibit lower specific consumption of solar power
Rankine Cycle. The ORC method additionally be possible also in than solar distillation [12]. The review of temperature unit Cycle
warm temperature applications. This paper deals with an ORC for combustion engine exhaust waste heat recovery. This paper
style, during which a high speed oil free turbo generator feed review the history of combustion engine exhaust waste heat
pump is employed [5]. recovery specializing in organic Rankine cycle since this
Analysis of external heat loss from a little scale expander thermodynamically cycle works well with medium grade energy
employed in organic Rankine cycle. With the lowering of the of exhaust. Choice of cycle expander and dealing fluid are
ORC, the engine shaft power isn't solely determined by the primary focus of the review. Results demonstrate a possible fuel
enthalpy drop by the expansion method however additionally the economy improvement around ten [13]. Exergy based mostly
external heat loss from the expander. On paper and by fluid choice for a geothermic Organic Rankine Cycle for
experimentation support in evaluating tiny scale expander heat combined heat and power generation [14]. The comparative
loss is rare. They give a quantitative study on the convection, energetic analysis of hot temperature subcritical and trans critical
radiation and conductivity heat transfer from a kw-scale Organic temperature unit cycle during a biomass application
expander. A mathematical model is constructed and valid [6]. within the Sibari district. The current work aims to research the
Recent interests in little scale solar thermal combined heat and energetic performance of ORC’s for tiny scale applications [15].
installation has coincided with the demand growth for distributed The improvement of temperature exhaust gas waste heat fueled
electricity providers in space poorly served by centralized power organic Rankine cycle. Cycle parametric analysis was performed
stations. One potential technical approach to fulfill this demand to look at the consequences of thermodynamically parameters on
is parabolic trough solar thermal collector including Organic the cycle [16]. The constant theoretical study of a 2 stage solar
Rankine Cycle engine. He additionally describes the planning of Rankine cycle for Ro distillation. The current work issues the
solar organic Rankine cycle being put in in Kingdom of Lesotho constant study of an autonomous 2 stage solar ORC for Ro
for rural electrification purpose. The system carries with it desalinization. The most aim is to estimate the efficiency
parabolic trough collectors, a tank, atiny low scale ORC engine similarly on calculate annual energy out there for desalinization
scroll expanders. A model of every part is developed that permits [17]. An analysis of regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC),
sizing the various parts of cycle and evaluates the performance of supported constant quantity optimization using R-123 and R-
system [7]. 134a throughout superheating at a continuing pressure of 2.50
Energy primarily based fluid choice for a geothermic Organic MPa underneath realistic conditions. The aim was to pick a much
Rankine Cycle for combined heat power generation. During this better operating fluid on the idea of obtained system efficiency,
study the choice of combined heat and power generation was turbine work output, irreversibility rate and second law efficiency
thought-about for geothermic resources at a temperature level underneath applied fastened and variable heat supply temperature
below 450k. Series and parallel circuits of an organic Rankine conditions, R-123 has been found a more robust operating fluid
cycle and extra heat generation was organized by second law than R-134 for changing low grade heat to power. A computer
analysis. The result shows that the second law efficiency of program has been developed to parametrically optimize and
energy station will be considerably enlarged compared to power compare the system and irreversibility ratio with will increase in
generation [8]. The investigation of 2 stage Rankine cycle for rotary engine water temperature (TIT) underneath completely
power plant. A 2 stage Rankine cycle for power generation is different heat supply temperature conditions to get the optimum
given during this paper. It's product of water steam Rankine Cycle operative conditions whereas using R-123 as the operating fluid
and Organic Rankine bottoming Cycle. By using an organic fluid throughout superheating at varied rotary engine water pressures
with density over water. The performance of 2 stage Rankine for the use of the waste heat sources of temperatures higher than
cycle operative with those completely different operating fluids 150⁰C. The calculated results reveal that an water pressure of 2.70
is evaluated. System efficiency may be increased by introducing MPa offers the most system efficiency, rotary engine work output
a regenerator for a few of operating fluids [9]. Pumping within and second law efficiency with minimum irreversibility rate,

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irreversibility magnitude relation and system mass rate of flow up generation, the second law efficiency of an energy station will be
to a TIT within the vary of 165⁰C-250⁰C [18]. considerably enhanced as compared to a power generation. The
Some initial conditions, boundary conditions, and hypothesis for foremost economical conception may be a series circuit with an
a mathematical model. 3 types of pure fluid and one mixture were organic operating fluid that shows high critical temperatures like
hand-picked as operating fluids and their constant quantity iso-pentane. For parallel circuits and for power generation, fluids
changes were calculated below totally different evaporating like R227ea with low critical temperatures are to be most well-
temperatures. Once organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is supplied liked [24]. Parametric optimization and performance analysis of
with internal device (IHE), its parameters varies whereas using a waste heat recovery system supported Organic temperature unit
totally different operating fluids [19]. Constant optimization and Cycle, using R-12, R-123 and R-134a as operating fluids for
comparative study of Organic Rankine Cycle for low grade waste power generation are studied. The cycles are compared with heat
heat recovery in saturated cycle [20]. supply as waste heat of flue gas at 140⁰C and 312 Kg/s/unit mass
A subcritical cycle and stimulated it beneath constant operation rate of flow at the exhaust of ID fans for 4×210 MW, NTPC Ltd.
conditions as superheated cycle, however, the pumping pressure Kahalgaon, India. Optimization of rotary engine inlet pressure for
is unbroken above the pressure used for superheated cycle max work and efficiencies of the system on the saturated vapor
however slightly less than the critical pressure for operating fluids line and isobaric superheating at completely different pressures
[21]. The results of an experimental study administered on a has been carried out for the chosen fluids. The results show that
model of an open-drive oil-free scroll expander integrated into an R-123 at corrected pressure evaluated among all the chosen
ORC operating with refrigerant HCFC-123. By exploiting the fluids. The Carnot efficiency for R-123 at corrected pressure
expander performance measurements, the eight parameters of a evaluated underneath similar conditions is near to the particular
scroll expander semi-empirical model are then known. The model potency. It will generate 19.09 MW with a mass rate of flow of
is ready to calculate variables of 1st importance like the mass rate, 341.16 Kg/s having a pinch point of 5⁰C, 1st law efficiency of
the delivered shaft power and also the discharge temperature, and 25.30% and also the second law efficiency of 64.40%. Therefore
secondary variables like the availability heating-up, the exhaust choice of an Organic Rankine Cycle with R-123 as operating fluid
cooling-down, the close losses, the interior escape and also the seems to be an alternative system for utilizing inferior heat
mechanical losses. The utmost deviation between the predictions sources for power generation [25].
by the model and also the measurements is two hundredth for the The reducing of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), the engine
mass rate, 5-hitter for the shaft power and 3K for the discharge shaft power isn't solely determined by the enthalpy drop by the
temperature. The valid model of the expander is finally wont to expansion method however additionally the external heat loss
quantify the various losses and to point how the planning of the from the expander. Theoretical and experimental support in
expander can be altered to realize higher performances. This evaluating tiny scale expander heat loss is rare. This paper
analysis detected that the internal leakages and, to a lesser extent, presents a quantitative study on the convection, radiation and
the availability pressure drop and also the mechanical losses are conductivity heat transfer from a kW-scale expander. A
the most losses moving the performance of the expander [22]. The mathematical model is constructed and valid. The results show
use of organic operating fluids for the conclusion of the thus that the external radiative or convective heat loss constant was
known as Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been established to regarding 3.2 or 7.0 W/m2K once the ORC operated around
be a promising resolution for decentralized combined heat and 100⁰C. Radiative and convective heat loss coefficients enhanced
power production (CHP). The method permits the employment of because the expander operation temperature enhanced.
low temperature heat sources, giving an advantageous efficiency Conductive heat loss because of the affiliation between the
in tiny scale applications. This is often the explanation why the expander and also the support accounted for an oversized
quantity of energy and biomass fired power plants supported this proportion of the warmth loss. The fitting relationships between
technology are enhanced among the last years. The favorable heat loss and mean temperature distinction were established. It's
characteristics of ORC build them appropriate for being recommended that low conduction material be embodied within
integrated in applications like solar desalinization with reverse the support of expander. Mattress insulation for compact
diffusion system, waste heat recovery from biogas digestion expander may be eliminated once the operation temperature is
plants or micro-CHP systems. During this paper, the state of the around 100⁰C [26]. Recent interests in little scale solar thermal
art of ORC applications are going to be given beside innovative combined heat and installation has coincided with the demand
systems that are simulated in an exceedingly method simulation growth for distributed electricity providers in space poorly served
setting using experimental data. The results of the simulations by centralized power stations. One potential technical approach
like efficiencies, water production rates or possible electricity to fulfill this demand is parabolic trough solar thermal collector
cost are given and mentioned [23]. The choice of combined heat including Organic Rankine Cycle engine. He additionally
and power generation was thought of for energy resources at a describes the planning of solar organic Rankine cycle being put
temperature level below 450 K. Series and parallel circuits of an in in Kingdom of Lesotho for rural electrification purpose. The
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and a further heat generation were system carries with it parabolic trough collectors, a tank, a tiny
compared by second law analysis. Looking on operative low scale ORC engine scroll expanders. A model of every part is
parameters criteria for the selection of the operating fluid were developed that permits sizing the various parts of cycle and
known. The results show that because of a combined heat and evaluates the performance of system. Totally different operating
power generation, the second law efficiency of an energy station fluids area unit compared, and 2 totally different growth machine
will be considerably enhanced as compared to a power configurations area unit simulated (single and double stage) [27].

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HFO-1234yf could be a new refrigerant with a virtually zero

warming potential (GWP) and gas depletion potential (ODP); it
exhibits thermodynamically properties just like HFC-134a. The
potential if HFO-1234yf as an operating fluid for organic Rankine
cycle (ORC) is elucidated through a primary order simulation. A
basic thermodynamically model of ORC with 5 forms of cycles
trilateral, saturated, superheated, sub-critical, and critical wont to
compare the thermal efficiency of HFO-124yf thereupon of
different operating fluids. HFO-1234yf was found to supply a
thermal efficiency that was like that of HFC-134a. This paper
provides a helpful clearly shows the simplest attainable thermal
efficiency among the 5 forms of cycle for numerous expander
recess and condensation temperatures. the best thermal potency
vary (8.8%- 11.4%) was obtained once the critical ORC was used
at an expander inlet temperature of 170⁰C and condensation
temperature vary of 20-40⁰C for the given pump and expander
Figure 1: Schematic Diagram of Simple Brayton cycle
potency. it's concluded that HFO-1234yf could be a potential
operating fluid for ORC applications, particularly for those with
Working fluids such as R123, R134a and R245fa have been used
low to medium temperature heat sources [28].
in the present investigation. Several researchers investigated
The study presents the thermo economic improvement
these operating fluids and are representative operating fluids that
formulations of 3 new tri-generation systems using organic
are employed in ORC, Not solely HFC-134a is employed
Rankine Cycle (ORC): SOFC-tri-generation, biomass-tri-
however additionally HFC-245fa and iso-pentane are employed
generation, and solar-tri-generation systems. A thermoeconomic
in an Organic Rankine Cycle to collect low heat from the
modeling is used using the precise exergy costing (SPECO)
industrial plants. Ethanol performs fine at medium temperature
methodology whereas the improvement performed using the
level i.e. 200-300ºC hence, it is also a common as an automotive
Powell’s methodology to reduce the product value of tri-
ORC operating fluid. The evaporation temperature for organic
generation (combined cooling, heating, and power) [29]. This
substances is comparatively lower as compare to steam, this being
study reveals that the utmost tri-generation-exergy efficiencies
the most reason and advantage of exploitation them as operating
are regarding thirty eighth for the SOFC-tri-generation system,
fluid in ORC. The low evaporation temperature makes it
twenty eighth for the biomass-tri-generation system and eighteen
attainable for them to vaporize or superheat with just low or
for the solar-tri-generation system. Moreover, the most price per
medium heat sources. Additionally, the expander life are often
exergy unit for the SOFC-tri-generation system is about 38$/GJ,
extended by using the organic substances which are classified as
for the biomass-tri-generation system is 26$/GJ and for the solar-
dry or isentropic fluids. Under the saturated or superheated tends
tri-generation system is 24 $/GJ. This study reveals that the solar
to be dry. The particular performance needs to be verified by
tri-generation system offers the simplest thermoeconomic
playing elaborate simulations for the model that employs heat
performance among the 3 systems. This is often as a result of the
exchanger. The major focus these days is kept on the subcritical
solar-tri-generation system has the lowest price per exergy unit.
cycle, however a number of the research on critical cycle using
Moreover, the solar tri-generation system has zero carbon dioxide
heat exchanger has also been done. The aim of the study is to
emissions and it's supported a free renewable energy supply [30].
identify the impact of internal heat exchanger on the sub-critical,
as well as super-critical Organic Rankine Cycle. Net power
2.1 Simple Brayton Cycle
output, thermal and exergy efficiency are the key performance
analysis parameters observed in this study.
The Brayton cycle highlights the standard model for a gas turbine
In the Brayton cycle, following processes are used
power cycle. According to the principle, the compressor
compresses the air, which is then mixed with fuel and burned in
1-2: Isentropic compression of the compressor
the combustor under a consistent pressure. This air can also be
2-3: Constant pressure heat inclusion in the combustion chamber
heated by a waste heat flow. The resultant high pressure and
3-4: Isentropic Expansion of the turbine
temperature gas is then allowed to expand through a turbine to
4-1: Constant pressure heat rejection of the cooler.
perform work. The majority work produced in the turbine is used
For thermodynamic analysis of Brayton cycle the following
to support the compressor while the remaining is available for
assumptions are taken:
further applications. This is commonly used for stationary power
generation plants (electric utilities) and mobile power generation  The turbine’s isentropic efficiency is taken to be 90% and
engines (ships and aircraft). For power plant applications, the pump’s isentropic efficiency is taken to be 89%.
turbine output is used to provide shaft power to drive a generator.  The cycle is working at steady state conditions.
A jet engine aircraft is propelled by the reaction thrust of the  Dropping of pressure in the heat exchangers can neglected.
exiting gas stream. The turbine provides enough power to run the  Minimum temperature of cycle is set as 25ºC.
compressor and deliver auxiliary power.

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2.2 Brayton Cycle with Intercooling The reheating resulted in the improvement of the cycle efficiency
by raising the Carnot temperature of the cycle. The fluid at high
In this cycle multi compression is done in intercooler. The low- pressure leaves the compressor and passes into the gas heater or
pressure stream is firstly made to enter a heat exchanger (pre- heat exchanger as the cold stream (2). The stream at high
cooler) and was allowed to cool thereafter. The cooled flow was temperature and pressure pass on to the HP turbine (3) and faces
then made to go along the pre-compressor, from where it is made energy loss in the HP turbine door (4). Low- pressure stream has
to compress to a halfway pressure. Then, the fluid enters the gained energy in the re-heater and made to exit through the LP
intercooler and is cooled down there again before entering the turbine (5). It is possible to initiate more than one reheat stage
main compressor. Fig.2 shows the layout of Brayton cycle with where two reheat stages being used. In the case of 3 stages of
Intercooling. reheat, there occurs an inclusion of another turbine body into the
working system. At the end, the heat is rejected in the pre-cooler
(6), where the working fluid is allowed to cool to the temperature
according to the temperature of the compressor inlet

2.4 Brayton cycle with Intercooling and Reheating

In this given cycle, there is multistage compression and

expansion. The stream, which exits from pre-cooler, enters into
the pre-compressor (1) shown in Fig.4. After the stage of
compression, the fluid passes on to an intercooler to dissipate heat
(2). After the intercooler, stream enters to the main compressor
(re-compressor) where its pressure and temperature increased (3).

Figure 2: Brayton cycle with intercooling

The inlet temperature in the compressors does not need to be

equal, but since only 1 cold sink is need to be used, the
temperature should be equal. Hence, the compressor inlet
temperature is alike in this above study.

2.3 Brayton cycle with Reheating

The third cycle is with reheating. Fig. 3 shows the layout of

Brayton cycle with reheating. It is similar to simple Brayton cycle
i.e. after compression process the gas goes to combustion
chamber and then to the turbine for expansion, the only difference
is that the expansion process is done in multiple stages i.e. first
the gas will expand in High pressure turbine and after reheating it Figure 4: Layout of Brayton cycle with Intercooler and Re-heater
expands in low pressure turbine.
After this procedure, stream absorbs the heat from the heat
exchanger (gas heater) (4 to 5) and made to move to HP turbine.
The outlet fluid from HP turbine is hot in the re-heater at constant
pressure (6). The low-pressure hot fluid (7) moves the LP turbine
and allowed to expand there (8).After the generation of
electricity, the fluid was made to go through heat sink where the
remaining heat is dissipated and thereafter enters to a pre-
compressor and the complete process starts all over again.
Thermal modelling
This chapter deals with the set of equations that are used for the
different steps of analysis to be performed. They are presented in
order of the showed system performance.
The equation of work of 1st compressor is

Win,precompressor = h2 – h1 (1)
Figure 3: Layout of Brayton cycle with Reheating
The equation of work of 2nd compressor is

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Win,recompressor = h4 – h3 (2) modelling a supercritical cycle, due to large dynamic heat

component close to the critical point. Also, an alternative
The equation for net compressor work is approach is required to compute the outlet temperature of the
warmth source and identify the point of the pinch in supercritical
Win = Win,precompressor + Win,recompressor (3) cases. The results prove that IHE is useful in a subcritical case,
but will improve system performance only partially for the low
The equation for high pressure turbine is pressure stage in a supercritical scenario. In subcritical cycle it’s
discovered that power obtained is 27.33 kilowatt and cycle
Wout,HPturbine = h6 – h5 (4) efficiency is 12.03% at an evaporator pressure of 1326 kPa and
therefore the second law efficiency is 40.41% at an evaporator
The equation for low pressure turbine is pressure of 1326 kPa using fluid R123. The cycle efficiency is
coming out to be 11.27%, the second law efficiency is coming out
Wout,LPturbine = h8 – h7 (5) to be 38.67% and net-work is 28.38 kW using fluid R245fa.
Analysis is done on combined Organic Rankine cycle in which
The equation for net turbine work is the exhaust coming out of heat exchanger of Brayton cycle is
supplied to the Organic Rankine cycle. The analysis is done on
Wout = Wout,HPturbine + Wout,LPturbine (6) both fluids R123 and R245fa.
In combined cycle the combined efficiency, Rankine efficiency,
The equation for net work of the cycle is Brayton efficiency is 12.43%, 11.79%, 10.72% respectively at
heater pressure 2600 kPa for fluid R245fa and 12.43%, 14.04%,
Wnet = Wout – Win (7) 10.99% respectively for fluid R123. Also, in this study various
cases of Brayton cycle is analyzed such as simple Brayton cycle,
The equation for heat input in combustor is with intercooling, with reheating and with both intercooler and
re-heater. The study is done on fluids R123 and R245fa.
qin,combustor = h5 – h4 (8)

The equation for heat input in reheater is

qin,reheater = h7 – h6 (9)

The equation for net heat input is

qin = qin,combustor + qin,reheater (10)

The equation for heat output in intercooler is

qout,intercooler = h2 – h3 (11)

The equation for heat output in heat exchanger is

qout,hex= h8 – h1 (12)
Figure 5: variation of cycle efficiency with intercooler pressure
The equation for net heat output in cycle is
Fig 5 shows the outcome of cycle efficiency by varying the
intercooler pressure. As per the figure by increasing the
qout=qout,intercooler + qout,hex (13)
intercooler pressure the cycle efficiency is also increasing. In this
study analysis is done on three fluids i.e. R123, R245fa and
The equation for thermal efficiency of the cycle is
R134a. From fig.5 the Brayton cycle efficiency at intercooler
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 pressure 106kPa is 10.29%, 2.939% and 0.454% for fluid R123,
ղ= (14) R245fa and R134a respectively. Fig 6 shows the outcome of
𝑄𝑖𝑛
Brayton cycle efficiency by varying the maximum temperature of
3. Results and Discussions cycle. As per the figure by increasing the maximum cycle
temperature the cycle efficiency is also increasing. In this study
A steady temperature of 200ºC is used for warmth supply while analysis is done on three fluids i.e. R123, R245fa and R134a.
maintaining a constant mass flow rate of 1 kg/sec. The From fig.6 the Brayton cycle efficiency at temperature165 ⁰C is
Engineering Equation solver (EES) software package is utilized 10.29%, 3.023% and 0.6376% for fluid R123, R245fa and R134a
for analysis. A different approach to calculation of most heat respectively.
exchange in Internal Heat Exchanger (IHE) is use when

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Fig 8 shows the outcome of cycle efficiency by varying the

pressure ratio. As per the figure by increasing the intercooler
pressure the cycle efficiency is increasing up to pressure ratio 3
and after thet it starts decreasing for R245fa while for R134a after
pressure ratio 3 it decreases rapidly as compared to R245fa. It can
be seen from the fig-8, on increasing of the pressure ratio
efficiency is also increasing for R123.

Fig 6 variation of cycle efficiency with maximum inlet temperature of

turbine

Fig 9 variation of compressor and turbine works with pressure ratio

Fig 9 shows the outcome of compressor and turbine work by

varying the pressure ratio. As per the fig-9, by increasing the
pressure ratio both compressor and turbine work is increasing for
R123, R245fa and R134a.

Fig 7 variation of net work of cycle with intercooler pressure

Fig 7 shows the outcome of net work by varying the intercooler

pressure. As per the figure by increasing the intercooler pressure
the net work is also increasing for R245fa and R134a but it is
constant for R123. From fig.7 the Brayton cycle net work at
intercooler pressure 106kPa is 32.04 kW, 4.217 kW and 0.6055
kW for fluid R123, R245fa and R134a respectively.

Fig 10 variation of Brayton cycle efficiency with inlet temperature of

compressor

Fig 10 shows the outcome of cycle efficiency by varying the inlet

temperature of compressor. As per the figure by increasing the
inlet temperature of compressor the cycle efficiency is decreasing
for R245fa and R134a while it is increasing for R123 upto 27⁰C
and after that it starts decreasing. From fig.10, the Brayton cycle
efficiency at inlet temperature of compressor25⁰C is 10.29%,
3.064% and 0.721% for fluid R123, R245fa and R134a
respectively.

Fig 8 variation of cycle efficiency with pressure ratio

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Fig 11 variation of compressor and turbine works with pressure ratio Fig 13 variation of compressor and turbine works with pressure ratio
using R134a using R123
4. Conclusions
Fig 11 shows the outcome of compressor and turbine work by
varying the pressure ratio. As per the figure by increasing the The following conclusion has been made from the above results
pressure ratio the compressor and turbine work is also increasing (i) As pressure ratio increases, the turbine & compressor work
for R134a. From fig.11, compressor and turbine work is 31.77 are increasing.
kW and 33.87 kW respectively at pressure ratio 3. (ii) As intercooler pressure increases the cycle efficiency
increases.
(iii) R123 is giving better performance than R245fa and R134a

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Cite this article as: R.S. Mishra, Manish Kumar, Thermodynamic analysis of brayton cycle for power generation, International Journal of Research
in Engineering and Innovation Vol-3, Issue-4 (2019), 282-290.

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