*1585* 157A/W/14/0002

B.E. (Mechanical Engineering) Sem.- IV

Engineering Thermodynamics
P. Pages : 5
Time : Three Hours Max. Marks : 80
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes : 1. Answer Three questions from Section A
and Three questions from Section B.
2. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
3. Illustrate your answers wherever
necessary with the help of neat sketches.
4. Use of Steam tables, Mollier's chart,
Thermodynamic tables for moist air,
Psychrometric charts and Refrigeration
charts is permitted.

SECTION - A

1. a) Explain Thermodynamic System and its 4

types giving suitable examples.

b) State Zeroth Law of thermodynamics and 4

explain its significance for temperature
measurement.

c) Differentiate between : 6
i) Extensive and intensive properties.
ii) Point function and path function.

157A/W/14/0002 1 P.T.O
 2. a) Write Avogadro's Hypothesis and calculate 5
the value of universal gas constant with
the use of it.

b) A fluid system undergoes a non flow 8

frictionless process following the pressure.
5
Volume relation as P   1.5 where P is
V
in bar and V is in m 3 . During the process
the volume changes from 0.15 m 3 to
0.05 m3 and the system rejects 45 KJ of
heat. Determine :
i) Change in internal energy.
ii) Change in enthalpy.

3. a) Prove that the shaft work during a steady 6

flow process is :
2
W    V dp
1

b) A stream of gases at 7.5 bar, 750ºC and 7

140 m/s is passed through a turbine of a jet
engine. The stream comes out of the
turbine at 2.0 bar, 550ºC and 280 m/s. The
process may be assumed adiabatic. The
enthalpies of gas at the entry and exit of
the turbine are 950 KJ/Kg and 650 KJ/Kg
of gas respectively. Determine the capacity
of the turbine if the gas flow is 5Kg/s.

157A/W/14/0002 2
 4. a) State Kelvin. Planck and clausius statement 6
of the second law of thermodynamics and
prove their equivalence.

b) A Carnot engine absorbs 200J of heat 7

from a reservoir at the temperature of the
normal boiling point of water and rejects
heat to a reservoir at the temperature of
the triple point of water. Find the heat
rejected, the work done by the engine
and the thermal efficiency.

5. a) What do you understand by Entropy 5

principle? Give the criteria of reversibility,
irreversibility and impossibility of a
thermodynamic cycle.

b) Two Carnot engines work in series 4

between the source and sink temperatures
of 550 K and 350 K. If both engines
develop equal power determine the
intermediate temperature.

c) Explain : 4

i) Low grade energy and high grade

energy.

ii) Available energy and unavailable energy.

157A/W/14/0002 3 P.T.O
 SECTION - B
6. a) Explain briefly : 6
i) Dryness fraction of steam.
ii) External work of evaporation.
iii) Critical temperature and critical pressure.
b) Find the specific volume, enthalpy internal 7
energy and entropy of wet steam at 15 bar
pressure and dryness fraction 0.8.
7. a) Draw a neat sketch of throttling calorimeter 5
and explain how dryness fraction of steam
is determined. Clearly explain its limitations.
b) A pressure cooker contains 1.5 Kg of 8
saturated steam at 5 bar. Find the quantity
of heat which must be rejected so as to
reduce the quality to 60% dry. Determine
the pressure and temperature of the steam
at new state.
8. In an air Standard Diesel cycle, the 14
compression ratio is 16, and at the
beginning of isentropic compression, the
temperature is 15ºC and the pressure is
0.1MPa. Heat is added until the temperature
at the end of the constant pressure process
is 1480ºC. Calculate
a) the cut. off ratio,
b) the heat supplied per kg of air,
c) the cycle efficiency, and
d) the mep.

157A/W/14/0002 4
 9. a) Why Carnot cycle is not possible in 3
practice in steam power plants?

b) A Rankine cycle operates between pressures 10

of 80 bar and 0.1 bar. The maximum cycle
temperature is 600ºC. If the steam turbine
and condensate pump efficiencies are 0.9
and 0.8 respectively, calculate the specific
work and thermal efficiency.

10. a) What is Mach number? Explain its 3

significance.

b) Derive an expression for Bernoulli's 5

equation when the process is adiabatic.

c) A projectile is travelling in air having 5

pressure and temperature as 88.3 KN m 2
and -2ºC. If the Mach angle is 40º, find
the velocity of the projectile.

************

157A/W/14/0002 5 214 / 50
P.T.O
157A/W/14/0002 6
*2746* GUG/S/15/3923

B.E.(with Credits)-Regular-Semester 2012-Mechanical

Engineering Sem IV
ME402 Engineering Thermodynamics

P. Pages : 7
Time : Three Hours Max. Marks : 80
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes : 1. Solve questions 1 or 2, 3 or 4 5 or 6,
7 or 8 and 9 or 10.
2. All questions carry marks as
indicated.
3. Assume suitable data wherever
necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever
necessary with the help of neat
sketches.
5. Use of steam tables, Mollier's charts,
and non programmable calculator.

1. a) Distinguish clearly between the following 6

giving examples.

i) Closed system and open system.

ii) Intensive and extensive properties.

GUG/S/15/3923 1 P.T.O
 b) Explain "thermodynamic equilibrium" of a 5
system and state its significance.

c) Define specific heats. Derive relationship 5

between C P and C V .

OR

2. a) State "Avogadro's Hypothesis" and from it 6

determine the value of universal gas
constant.

b) Determine the total work done by a gas 10

system following an expansion process as
shown in fig Q2 (b).

Fig Q. 2 (b)

GUG/S/15/3923 2
 3. a) Prove that energy is a point function. 6

b) A gas undergoes a non flow process 10

according to the load P  ( 0.16  2.1) bas
V
where V is the volume in cu. m initial
volume is 0.6m3 and the final volume is
0.2m3. During the process 25kJ of heat is
rejected from the system. Determine the
work done, the change in internal energy
and the charge in enthalpy.

OR

4. a) With all the assumptions, write down the 6

general steady flow energy equation.
Derived the simplified from when used for.

i) Boiler

ii) Steam nozzle.

GUG/S/15/3923 3 P.T.O
 b) A centrifugal pump delivers 50kg of water 10
pre second. The inlet and outlet pressures
are 1 bar and 4.2 bar respectively the
suction is 2.2 m below the centre of the
pump and delivery is 8.5m above the
centre of the pump. If the suction and
delivery pipes diameters are 20cm and
10cm respectively. Determine the capacity
of the electric motor to run the pump.

5. a) Define the term COP as applied to a 6

refrigerator and heat pump. Show
COPHP = COPREF+1.

b) A carnot refrigerator requires 1.3kW per 10

ton of refrigeration to maintain a region at
low temperature of - 38ºC. Determine.

i) COP carnot refrigerator

ii) Higher temperature of the cycle.

iii) COP when this device is used as

heat pump.

OR

GUG/S/15/3923 4
 6. a) Explain the principle of increase of 6
entropy.

b) One kg of water at 0ºC is heated to 100ºC 10

by bringing it into contact with a heat
source at 100ºC. Determine the entropy
change of water, the entropy change of
heat source and the entropy change of
universe.

7. a) Define the following terms. 6

i) Dryness fraction.
ii) Degree of superheat.
iii) Latent heat.

b) Find the internal energy neckoned from 10

water at 0ºC of 1 kg of steam at 16 bar and
dryness 0.96. If steam expands
adiabatically in a cylinder to 70 kN/m2,
what is its dryness fraction? Also calculate
the internal energy of the steam in the
second state. How much work is done by
steam during expansion?
OR

GUG/S/15/3923 5 P.T.O
 8. a) Describe the method of determining the 6
quality of steam by throtting calorimeter.
State its limitations.

b) A pressure cooker contains 1.5kg of 10

saturated steam at 5 bar. Find the quantity
of heat which must be rejected so as to
reduce the quality to 60% dry. Determine
the pressure and temperature of the steam
at new state.

9. a) Derive an expression for air standard 8

efficiency of Otto cycle. Draw P-V and
T-S diagram for the cycle.

GUG/S/15/3923 6
 b) The following data pertains to a 8
compression inition engine working on air
standard diesel cycle :
Cylinder bore (dia) :15 cm
Stroke length : 25cm
Clearance Volume : 400 cm3
Calculate the air standard efficiency of the
engine if fuel injection takes place at
constant pressure for 5% of the stroke.

OR

10. a) Why carnot cycle is not possible in 4

practice?

b) A Rankine cycle operates between 12

pressures of 80bar and 0.1 bar. The
maximum cycle temperature is 600 ºC. If
the steam turbine and condensate pump
efficiencies are 0.9 and 0.8 respectively,
calculate the specific work and thermal
efficiency.

********

GUG/S/15/3923 7 115 /P.T.O

600
GUG/S/15/3923 8
 GUG/W/15/3923
*5687*

B.E.(with Credits)-Regular-Semester 2012-Mechanical Engineering Sem IV

ME402 Engineering Thermodynamics
P. Pages : 3
Time : Three Hours Max. Marks : 80
_________________________________________________________________
Notes :
1. Solve question 1 or 2, 3 or 4, 5 or 6, 7 or 8 and 9 or 10.
2. All questions carry marks as indicated.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of
neat sketches.
5. Use of non-programmable calculator, Steam tables, Mollier's
chart is permitted.

1. a) Define a thermodynamic system. Differentiate between open 6

system closed system and isolated system giving examples.

b) State Zeroth law of thermodynamics and state its significance. 4

c) Define thermodynamic work and prove that it is a path function. 6

OR
2. a) Explain intensive and extensive properties with suitable 4
examples.

b) State 'Avogadro's hypothesis' and from it determine the value of 5

universal gas constant.

c) During the execution of a reversible non flow process the work 7

done is –154 KJ. If V 1 =0.85m 3 and the pressure during the
process varies as p=(–3V+7) bar where vis in cu. m. Find the
final velocity.

3. a) Explain the first law of thermodynamics for. 4

i) Closed system undergoing a cycle.
ii) Closed system undergoing a change of state.

GUG/W/15/3923 1 P.T.O
 b) 15 V 2 12
10 Kg of gas undergoes a process for which P   . Where
V 100
P is the pressure in bar and V is the volume in m 3 . The initial
volume is 5 m 3 and the temperature is 200ºC. The final volume
is 10m 3 and the temperature is –100ºC.
If u = 0.71T+2 KJ/kg
Where T is in K, find.
i) Work done. ii) Change in internal energy.
iii) Heat transfer.
OR
4. a) Write the steady flow energy equation mentioning the 6
assumption made reduce the equation for a throttling device.

b) A stream of gases at 7.5 bar 750ºC and 140 m/s is passed 10

through a turbine of a jet engine. The stream comes out of the
turbine at 2.0 bar 550ºC and 280 m/s. The process may be
assumed adiabatic. The enthalpy of gas at entry and exit of the
turbine are 950 KJ/kg and 650 KJ/kgk of gas respectively.
Determine the power of the turbine if gas flow is 5 kg/s.

5. a) Give the statements of second law of thermodynamics. 4

b) Show that the cop of a heat pump is greater than the cop of a 6
refrigerator by unity.

c) A cyclic heat engine operates between a source temperature of 6

1000ºC and a sink temperature of 40ºC. Find the least rate of
heat rejection per KW net output of the -engine.
OR
6. a) Define entropy and prove that it is a property of a system. 6

b) 0.04 m 3 of nitrogen contained in a cylinder behind a piston is 10

initially at 1.05 bar and 15ºC. The gas is compressed
isothermally and reversibly until the pressure is 4.8 bar
calculate :
i) The change of entropy. ii) The heat flow and
iii) The work done
Sketch the process on a P. V and T. S diagram.
Assume nitrogen to act as a perfect gas. Molecular weight of
nitrogen = 28.

GUG/W/15/3923 2
7. a) Explain briefly : 6
i) Dryness fraction.
ii) External work of evaporation.
iii) Critical point and critical pressure.

b) Calculate the internal energy per kg of superheated steam at a 10

pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of 300ºC. If the steam is
expanded to 1.4 bar and the dryness fraction 0.8, F ind the
change in internal energy. Take Cp sup  21KJ / kgk .
OR
8. a) What is quality of steam ? Describe the method of determining 16
the quality by throttling calorimeter.

b) A closed vessel of 0.225m 3 contains steam at a pressure of 18 10

bar and 0.75 dry. The vessel is cooled till the pressure in the
vessel falls to 12 bar find :
1. The final condition of the steam.
2. Heat transferred and change in entropy.

9. a) Derive an expression for air standard efficiency of a Otto cycle, 8

along with its representation on P. V and T. S diagram.

b) The compression ratio of Diesel engine 14 and cut-off takes 8

place at 6% of the stroke. Find its air standard efficiency r=1.4.
OR
10. a) Explain efficiency ratio, work ratio and specific ste am 6
consumption.

b) In a Rankine cycle steam enters the turbine at 40 bar and 400ºC . 10

The condenser pressure is 0.05 bar. Find the cycle efficiency.

*********

GUG/W/15/3923 3 P.T.O
GUG/W/15/3923 4
 B.E.(with Credits)-Regular-Semester 2012-Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME402 - Engineering Thermodynamics

P. Pages : 3 GUG/S/16/3923
Time : Three Hours *1805* Max. Marks : 80

_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry as indicated marks.
2. Answer any five questions from Q.1 or Q.2, Q.3 or Q.4, Q.5 or Q.6, Q.7 or Q.8,
Q.9 or Q.10.
3. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
4. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
5. Diagrams and Chemical equation should be give wherever necessary.
6. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
7. Use of Slide rule, Logarithmic tables, Steam tables, Mollier's chart, Drawing
instruments, Thermodynamic tables for moist air, Psychrometric charts and
Refrigeration charts is permitted.

1. a) Differentiate between 'Thermodynamic System' and 'Control Volume' Give suitable 5

examples.

b) Which law of thermodynamics is the basis of temperature measurement? Explain. 5

c) Explain the following types of work transfer : 6

i) Electrical work

ii) Flow work

iii) Displacement work

OR

2. a) State Avogadro's Hypothesis and from it determine the value of universal gas constant. 5

b) Define specific heats. Derive relationship between CP and CV . 5

c) A mass of 1.5kg of air is compressed in a quasi-static process from 0.1MPa to 0.7MPa for 6
which PV=constant. The initial density of air is 1.16kg/m3. Find the work done by the
piston to compress the air.

3. a) Prove that Energy is a property of the system. 6

b) An insulated cylinder of 0.4m diameter and 0.8m length contains 10kg of oxygen. Paddle 10
wheel work is done on the gas to increase its pressure from 3 bar to 6 bar. Determine the
change in internal energy. Work done on the gas and the change in enthalpy.
CP  0.91KJ / KgK and C V  0.64 KJ / KgK .

OR

GUG/S/16/3923 1 P.T.O
4. a) Write down steady flow energy equation applied to flow process and apply it on nozzle to 6
find the nozzle exit velocity.

b) A reciprocating air compressor takes in 2 m3 / min at 0.11MPa, 20ºC which it delivers at 10

1.5MPa, 110ºC to an aftercooler where air is cooled at constant pressure to 25ºC. The power
absorbed by the compressor is 4.15kW. Determine the heat transfer in (a) the compressor,
and (b) the cooler. State your assumptions.

5. a) Explain PMM I and PMM II. 6

b) A machine operating as a heat pump extracts heat from the surrounding atmosphere, is 10
5
driven by a 7.5 kW motor and supplies 2  10 KJ / hr heat to a house needed for its heating
in winter. Find the coefficient of performance for the heat pump. How this COP will be
affected if the objective of the same machine is to cool the house in summer requiring
2  105 KJ / hr of heat rejection? Comment on the result.

OR

6. a) Give the criteria of reversibility, irreversibility and impossibility of a thermodynamic cycle. 3

b) Explain the principle of increase of entropy. 5

c) A piston – cylinder arrangement contains 0.03 m3 of nitrogen at 1 bar and 290K. The piston 8
moves inwards and the gas is compressed isothermally and reversibly until the pressure
becomes 4 bar. Determine change in entropy and work done. Assume nitrogen to be a
perfect gas.

7. a) Explain briefly : 4

i) External work of evaporation.

ii) Critical temperature and critical pressure.

b) Find the dryness fraction, specific volume and internal energy of steam at 7 bar and enthalpy 5
2550 KJ/Kg.

c) A closed container holds 1kg of water at 153.3ºC temperature with the following 7
composition by volume, 1/3 liquid and 2/3 vapour. Determine the pressure, quality, volume
and enthalpy of the mixture.

OR

8. a) What is the quality of steam? Describe the method of determining the quality of steam by 6
throttling calorimeter state its limitations.

b) Wet steam at 20 bar pressure and 0.9 dryness fraction is heated reversibly at constant 10
pressure to a temperature of 300ºC. Calculate the work done, heat supplied and change in
internal energy and entropy. Represent the process on T. S. diagram.

GUG/S/16/3923 2
9. a) An engine working on the Otto cycle, has a cylinder diameter of 15cm and stroke of 22.5cm. 4
The clearance volume is 1250cm3. Find the air standard efficiency of this engine. Assume
r = 1.4

b) In a Diesel cycle, air at 0.1MPa and 27ºC is compressed adiabatically until the pressure rises 12
to 5MPa. If 700KJ/Kg of energy in the form of heat is supplied at constant pressure,
determine the compression ratio, cut – off ratio, thermal efficiency and the mean effective
pressure.

OR

10. a) Why Carnot cycle is not practicable used in a steam power plant? 4

b) Steam with mass flow rate of 1.5Kg/Sec at 20 bar and 300ºC enters a prime movers until it 12
expands to 0.1 bar Find :

i) Power output in kW

ii) Cycle efficiency considering the pump work into account.

iii) Work ratio

iv) Specific steam consumption.

*******

GUG/S/16/3923 3 P.T.O
GUG/S/16/3923 4
 B.E.(with Credits)-Regular-Semester 2012 - Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME402 - Engineering Thermodynamics
P. Pages : 2 GUG/W/16/3923
Time : Three Hours *4038* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
3. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
4. Use of slide rule, Logarithmic tables, Steam tables, Mollier's chart, Drawing
instruments, Thermodynamic tables for moist air, Psychrometric charts and
Refrigeration charts is permitted.
5. Solve Q.1 or Q.2, Q.3 or Q.4, Q.5 or Q.6, Q.7 or Q.8, Q.9 or Q.10.
6. Use of non programmable calculator is permitted.
1. a) Explain thermodynamic system and its types giving suitable examples. 5

b) Distinguish between the following giving examples. 6

i) Intensive & Extensive properties.
ii) Closed system & open system.

c) Explain "Thermodynamic equilibrium" of a system and state its significance. 5

OR
2. a) State the Zeroth law of thermodynamics and state its significance. 6

b) The temperature "t" on a thermodynamic scale is defined in terms of a property "k" by the 10
relation t  a n k  b
Where a & b are constants. The values of "K" are found to be 1.84 & 6.79 at the ice point
and steam point, the temperatures of which are assigned the number 0 & 100 respectively.
Determine the temperature corresponding to a reading of "K" = 2.43 on the thermometer.

3. a) Explain the following statements of second law of thermodynamics. 6

i) Kelvin – Plank statement &
ii) Clausius statement.

b) The pressure & volume relation during a non. Flow reversible process is given by 10
P   V 2   BAR . The volume changes from V1  6m3 to V2  2m3 . Calculate the
8
 V
work done. The heat rejected during the process is 200 KJ. Determine the change in
internal energy and the change in enthalpy.
OR
4. a) State "Avogadro's Hypothesis" and from it determine the value of universal gas constant. 5

b) Prove that internal energy is a property of a system. 5

c) Explain the first law of thermodynamics for  6

i) Closed system undergoing a cycle.
ii) Closed system undergoing a change of state.

GUG/W/16/3923 1 P.T.O
5. a) A domestic food refrigerator maintains a temperature of -12ºC. The ambient air 10
temperature is 35ºC. If heat leaks into the freezer at the continues rate of 2KJ/sec.
Determine  least power necessary to pump this heat out continuously.
b) i) Define specific heats. Derive relationship between Cp and Cv. 6
ii) Differentiate between point function & path function.
OR
6. a) Two boilers A and B are delivering equal quantities of steam into a common main. Boiler 10
A. Fitted with a superheater delivers a steam at 15 bar and 300ºC and boiler B deliver steam
at 15 bar. The pressure & temperature of steam in the main are 15 bar and 225ºC. Determine
the quality of steam supplied by the boiler B. take Cp  2.1KJ / Kg ' k for superheated steam.
b) Define the following terms : 6
i) Dryness Fraction
ii) Latent Heat
iii) Degree of superheat.
7. a) Explain construction & working of throttling calorimeter with neat sketch. State its 8
limitations.
b) Why Carnot Cycle is not possible in practice? 4
c) Explain principle of increase in Entropy. 4
OR
8. a) A vessel of 1 m3 capacity contains steam at 10 bar & 0.92 dry. Steam is blown OFF until 8
the pressure drops to 5 bar. The value is then closed. Determine the weight of steam blown
OFF.
b) With the help of p – v and T – S diagram derive 8
1
otto  1 
r v 1
9. a) An air standard diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 14. The pressure at the beginning of 8
the compression stroke is 1 bar & the temperature is 27ºC. The maximum cycle temperature
is 2227ºC. Determine the cut OFF ratio & the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
b) An Engine working on a otto cycle is supplied with air at 0.1 MPa, 35ºC. The compression 8
ratio is 8. Heat supplied is 2100 KJ/kg. Calculate the maximum pressure & temperature of
cycle, cycle efficiency (  ) & mean effective pressure (mep).
 for air Cp air  1.005 KJ / kg' k & Cv air  0.718 KJ / kg' k 
R  0.287 KJ / kg' k
OR
10. a) A diesel engine has a compression ratio of 14 & cut OFF takes place at 6% of the stroke. 8
Find the air std. efficiency.
b) A Hot air engine works on Brayton cycle with initial & Final pressures of air at 3 bar & 1 8
bar respectively. If the temperature before isentropic compression & isentropic expansion
are 298ºK & 923ºK Determine 
i) Heat supplied per Kg of air. ii) Heat rejected per Kg of air.
iii) Work done per Kg of air. iv)  of the engine (Efficiency)
take Cp  1KJ / kg' k , Cv  0.715 KJ / kg' k .

***********

GUG/W/16/3923 2
 B.E. - Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME402 - Engineering Thermodynamics
P. Pages : 2 GUG/S/17/3923
Time : Three Hours *1139* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. Solve Q. 1 or 2, 3 or 4, 5 or 6, 7 or 8 and 9 or 10
2. All questions carry marks as indicated.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of non programmable calculator, Steam tables, Mollier's chart, is permitted.

1. a) Which law of thermodynamics is the basis of temperature measurement ? Explain. 4

b) Differentiate between the following with suitable examples - 6

i) open system, closed system & isolated system.
ii) Intensive & extensive properties.

c) Explain 'Thermodynamic equilibrium' of a system & state its significance. 6

OR
2. a) Define specific heats. Derive relationship between CP and CV. 5

b) State Avagadro's Hypothesis and from it determine the value of universal gas constant. 5

c) A fluid at a pressure of 3 bar and with specific volume of 0.18 m3/kg is contained in a 6
cylinder behind the piston. The fluid expands reversibly to a pressure of 0.6 bar according
C
to the law P  2 , where C is a constant. Calculate the work done by the fluid on the
V
piston.

A gas undergoes a non-flow process according to the law p    2.1 bar, where V is
3. a) 0.16 10
 V 
the volume in cu.m. Initial volume is 0.6 m and the final volume is 0.2 m3. During the
3

process 25 kJ of heat is rejected from the system. Determine

i) Work done
ii) Change in internal energy
iii) Change in enthalpy.

b) Prove that energy is a point function. 6

OR
4. a) Write down the general steady flow energy equation. Derived the simplified form when 6
used for -
i) Nozzle & diffuser ii) Turbine

b) A centrifugal pump delivers 50 kg of water per sec. The inlet & outlet pressures are 1 bar 10
& 4.2 bar respectively. The suction is 2.2 m below the centre of the pump & delivery is
8.5 m above the centre of the pump. If the suction & delivery pipes diameter are 20 cm &
10 cm respectively. Determine the capacity of the electric motor to run the pump.

GUG/S/17/3923 1 P.T.O
5. a) Show that the COP of a heat pump is greater than the COP of a refrigerator by unity. 6

b) What is the difference between refrigerator heat pump & heat engine. 4

c) A cyclic heat engine operates between a source temperature of 1000°C and sink 6
temperature of 40°C. Find the least rate of heat rejection per kw net output of the engine ?

OR

6. a) A piston cylinder arrangements contain 0.03 m3 of nitrogen at 1 bar & 290°K. The piston 7
moves inward & the gas is compressed isothermally & reversibly until the pressure
becomes 4 bar. Determine change in entropy & workdone. Assume nitrogen to be a
perfect gas.

b) Explain claussius in equality. 4

c) Explain principle of increase of entropy. 5

7. a) A vessel 1 m3 capacity contains steam at 10 bar & 0.92 dry. Steam is blown off until the 8
pressure drops to 5 bar. The valve is then closed. Determine the weight of steam blown
off.

b) Define the following terms : 8

i) Dryness fraction ii) Degree of superheat
iii) Sensible heat iv) Latent heat

OR

8. a) What is quality of steam ? What are the different methods of measurement of quality ? 8
Explain any one in detail.

b) A pressure cooker contains 1.5 kg of saturated steam at 5 bar. Find the quantity of heat 8
which must be rejected so as to reduce the quality to 60% dry. Determine the pressure &
temperature of the steam at new state.

9. a) 1 6
With the help of P-v & t-s diagram, derive otto  1   1
when, r  compression ratio.
r

b) An engine works on air std. diesel cycle whose compression ratio is 14. The pressure & 10
temperature at the beginning of the cycle are 1 bar & 300°K respectively. The maximum
temperature of the cycle is limited to 2500°C. Determine :
i) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
ii) mean effective pressure of the cycle.
OR
10. a) Explain efficiency ratio, work ratio and specific steam consumption. 6

b) Steam at 20 bar, 360° is expanded in a steam turbine to 0.08 bar. It is then enters a 10
condenser, where it is condensed to saturated liquid water. The pump feeds back the water
into boiler. Assuming ideal process, find per kg of steam the network and the cycle
efficiency.

***********

GUG/S/17/3923 2
 B.E. (with Credits) Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME402 - Engineering Thermodynamics
P. Pages : 2 GUG/W/17/3923
Time : Three Hours *1404* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. Solve questions 1 or 2, 3 or 4, 5 or 6, 7 or 8 and 9 or 10.
2. All questions carry marks as indicated.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of non-programmable calculator, Steam tables, Mollier's chart is permitted.

1. a) Explain intensive and extensive properties with suitable examples. 4

b) Explain thermodynamic equilibrium of a system and state its significance. 6

c) Define thermodynamic work and prove that it is a path function. 6

OR

2. a) State 'Avogadro's hypothesis and from it determine the value of universal gas constant. 6

b) A piston cylinder device operates 1 kg of fluid at 20 atm. pressure. The initial volume is 10
0.04 m 3 . The fluid is allowed to expand reversibly following a process PV1.45 constant so
that the volume becomes double. The fluid is cooled at constant pressure until the piston
comes back to the original position keeping the piston unaltered, heat is added reversibly to
restore it to the initial pressure. Calculate the work done in the cycle.

3. a) Explain the first law of thermodynamics for : 6

i) Closed system undergoing a cycle
ii) Closed system undergoing a change of state.

b) A fluid is confined in a cylinder by a spring - loaded, frictionless piston so that the 10

pressure in the fluid is a linear function of the volume (p = a + bv). The internal energy of
the fluid is given by the following equation.
U  34  3.15 PV
where U is in kJ, P in KPa, and V in cu.m if fluid changes from an initial state of 170 KPa,
0.03 m 3 to a final state of 400 KPa, 0.06 m 3 with no work often than that done on the piston,
find the direction and magnitude of the work and heat transfer.

OR

4. a) Prove that the shaft work during a steady flow process is W    Vdp . 6

b) A steam turbine receives 600 kg of steam per hour at 25 bar, 450 ºC with a velocity of 100 10
m/s and at elevation of 5 metres. Heat transfer from the turbine to the surroundings is 3762
kJ/hour. Steam leaves the turbine dry saturated and 1.2 bar with a velocity of 150 m/s and
at an elevation of 2 metres. Determine the power developed by the turbine.

GUG/W/17/3923 1 P.T.O
5. a) Explain with sketches, two classical statements of second law of thermodynamics. 6

b) A Carnot heat engine working between the temperature limits of 27 ºC and 900 ºC supplied 10
work to a Carnot refrigerator working between the temperature limits of 3 ºC and 27 ºC.
Determine the refrigerating effect if heat engine receives 1 kJ/s of heat at 900 ºC.
OR
6. a) Define entropy and prove that it is a property of the system. 6

b) One kg of water at 0 ºC is heated to 100 ºC by bringing it into contact with a heat source at 10
100 ºC. Determine the entropy change of water, the entropy change of heat source and the
entropy change of universe.

7. a) Define the following terms : 4

i) Dryness fraction
ii) Degree of superheat.

b) Determine the amount of heat, which should be supplied to 2 kg of water at 25 ºC to convert 4

it into steam at 5 bar and 0.90 dry.

c) Steam enters an engine at a pressure 10 bar absolute and 250 ºC. It is exhausted at 0.2 bar. 8
The steam at exhaust is 0.9 dry. Find :
i) Drop in enthalpy
ii) Change in entropy
OR
8. a) A pressure cooker contains 1.5 kg of saturated steam at 5 bar. Find the quantity of heat 10
which must be rejected so as to reduce the quality to 60% dry. Determine the pressure and
temperature of the steam at the new state. Also find the total heat rejected.

b) Explain the construction and working of a any one calorimeter with neat sketch. State its 6
limitations.

9. a) Derive an expression for air standard efficiency of a otto cycle, alongwith its representation 6
on P.V. and T.S. diagrams.

b) In an air Standard Diesel Cycle, the compression ratio is 16 and at the beginning of 10
isentropic compression, the temperature is 15 ºC and the pressure is 0.1 MPa. Heat is added
until the temperature at the end of constant pressure process is 1480 ºC. Calculate :
i) Cut off ratio
ii) the heat supplied per kg of air
iii) the cycle efficiency
iv) the mean effective pressure.
OR

10. a) Why Carnot cycle is not possible in practice in steam power plant? 4

b) A Rankine cycle operates between pressures of 80 bar and 0.1 bar. The maximum cycle 12
temperature is 600 ºC. If the stream turbine and condensate pump efficiencies are 0.9 and
0.8 respectively, calculate the specific work and thermal efficiency.

**************

GUG/W/17/3923 2
 B.E. Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME402 - Engineering Thermodynamics
P. Pages : 2 GUG/S/18/3923
Time : Three Hours *1030* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. Solve question 1 or 2, 3 or 4, 5 or 6, 7 or 8 and 9 or 10.
2. All questions carry marks as indicated.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of Steam tables, Mollier's chart and non programmable calculator is permitted.

1. a) Define extensive and intensive properties. Explain whether the following can be used 6
properties :
i)  pdV ii)  Vdp
iii)  (pdV + Vdp)
b) Explain 'Thermodynamic equilibrium' of a system and state its significance. 5

c) State Zeroth Law of thermodynamics and explain its significance. 5

OR
2. a) State Avogadro's Hypothesis and from it determine the value of universal gas constant. 6

b) A fluid at a pressure of 3 bar and with specific volume of 0.18m3 / kg is contained in a 10

cylinder behind the piston. The fluid expands reversibly to a pressure of 0.6 bar according
to the law P = C / V 2 where C is a constant. Calculate the work done by the fluid on the
piston.

3. a) Show that if a quantity of gas expanding according to the law pvn = constant, the heat 6
transfer during expansion is given by
−n
Q= W
 −1
where  is the isentropic index and W is the work done by the gas.

b) An insulated cylinder of 0.4 m diameter and 0.8m length contains 10 kg of oxygen. Paddle 10
wheel work is done on the gas to increase its pressure from 3 bar to 6 bar. Determine the
change in internal energy, work done on the gas and the change in enthalpy.
CP = 0.91kJ / kg k and CV = 0.64 kJ / kg k .
OR
4. a) Write down the steady flow energy equation applied to flow process and apply it on nozzle 6
to find the nozzle exit velocity.

b) A stream of gases at 7.5 bar, 750ºC and 140 m/s is passed through a turbine of a jet engine. 10
The stream comes out of the turbine at 2.0 bar, 550ºC and 280 m/s. The process may be
assumed adiabatic. The enthalpy of gas at entry and exit of the turbine are 950 kJ/kg and
650 kJ/kg of gas respectively. Determine the power of the turbine if gas flow is 5 kg/s.

GUG/S/18/3923 1 P.T.O
5. a) State Kelvin Planck and Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics and prove 6
their equivalence.

b) A machine operating as a heat pump extracts heat from the surroundings atmosphere, is 10
5
driven by a 7.5 kw motor and supplies 2 10 kJ / hr heat to a house needed for its heating
in winter. Find the coefficient of performance for the heat pump. How this COP will be
affected if the objective of the same machine is to cool the house in summer requiring
2 105 kJ / hr of heat rejection? Comment on the result.
OR
6. a) What is Clausius inequality? 2

b) Explain the 'principle of increasing of entropy'. 4

c) One kg of air initially at 7 bar pressure and 360 K temperature expands polytropically 10
( pV1.2
)
= constant until the pressure is reduced to 1.4 bar. Determine :
i) Final specific volume and temperature.
ii) Change of internal energy, work done and heat interaction.
iii) Change in entropy
Take R = 287 J / kg k and r = 1.4 .

7. a) Define the following terms : 4

i) Dryness fraction
ii) Degree of superheat

b) Find the internal energy of one kg of steam at 14 bar under the following conditions : 12
i) When the steam is 0.85 dry
ii) When the steam is dry saturated.
iii) When the temperature of steam is 300ºC
Take CPsup = 2.25kJ / kg k
OR
8. a) Draw a neat sketch of throttling Calorimeter and explain how dryness fraction of stem is 6
determined. Clearly explain is limitations.

b) A pressure cooker contains 1.5 kg of saturated steam at 5 bar. Find the quantity of heat 10
which must be rejected so as to reduce the quality to 60% dry. Determine the pressure and
temperature of the steam at the new state.

9. a) Derive an expression for air standard efficiency of Diesel cycle. Draw P.V and T.S. diagram 8
for the cycle.

b) In an air standard Otto cycle engine, the temperature at the end of compression stroke is 8
650 K and the maximum cycle temperature is 2400 K. If the engine delivers 700 kJ/kg of
net work, find the thermal efficiency and compression ratio of the engine.
OR
10. a) Explain efficiency ratio, work ratio and specific steam consumption. 3

b) A Rankine cycle operates between pressures of 80 bar and 0.1 bar. The maximum cycle 13
temperature is 600ºC. If the steam turbine and condensate pump efficiencies are 0.9 and 0.8
respectively, calculate the specific work and thermal efficiency.
************

GUG/S/18/3923 2
 B.E. Mechanical Engineering Fourth Semester
ME402 - Engineering Thermodynamics
P. Pages : 2 GUG/W/18/1580
Time : Three Hours *1244* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Q. 1 or Q. 2; Q. 3 or Q. 4; Q. 5 or Q. 6; Q. 7 or Q. 8; Q. 9 or Q. 10.
3. Answer any five questions.
4. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
5. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
6. Diagrams and Chemical equation should be given wherever necessary.
7. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
8. Use of slide rule, Logarithmic tables, Steam tables, Mollier's chart, Drawing
instruments, Thermodynamic tables for moist air, Psychrometric charts and
Refrigeration charts is permitted.

1. a) What are thermodynamic properties? Explain its types. 6

b) Which law of thermodynamics is the basis of temperature management? Explain. 5
c) What do you understand by thermodynamic work? Explain. 5
OR
2. a) Define specific heats. Derive relationship between CP and CV. 5
b) State 'Avagadro's Hypothesis' and from it determine the value of universal gas constant. 5
c) A mass of gas is compressed in a quasi-static process from 80 kPa, 0.1 m3 to 0.4 mPa, 6
n
0.03 m . Assuming that the pressure and volume are related by p v = constant, find the
3

work done by the gas system.

3. a) State the first law of thermodynamics and prove that for a non flow process, it leads to 4
Q = U + W .
b) A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of the following processes : 12
3
i) Process 1-2 : constant pressure P = 1.4 bar, V1 = 0.028m , W12 = 10.5kJ
ii) Process 2-3 : compression with PV = constant , U3 = U 2
iii) Process 3-1 : constant volume, U1 − U3 = −26.4 kJ
There are no significant changes in KE and PE.
a) Sketch the cycle on P-V diagram.
b) Calculate the net work for the cycle in kJ.
c) Calculate the heat transfer for process 1-2.
d) Show that Q = W .
cycle cycle
OR
4. a) Show that for a reversible steady flow process, the work done by the system is equal to 6
−  pdV, neglecting potential and kinetic energy changes.

b) Air at 101.325 KPa, 20ºC is taken into a gas turbine power plant at a velocity of 140 m/s 10
through an opening of 0.15 m2 cross-sectional area. The air is compressed heated, expanded
through a turbine, and exhausted at 0.18 MPa, 150ºC through an opening of 0.10 m2 cross-

GUG/W/18/1580 1 P.T.O
 sectional area. The power output is 375 kW. Calculate the net amount of heat added to the
air in kJ/kg. Take CP = 1.005 kJ/kgK.
5. a) Prove that the violation of Clausius statement of second Law is the violation of Kelvin - 6
Plank statement also.
b) State carnot theorem. 4
c) An engineer claims his engine to develop 4 KW on testing, the engine consumes 0.5 kg of 6
fuel per hour, having a calorific value of 42000 kJ/kg. The maximum temperature recorded
in the cycle is 1400ºC and the minimum was 350ºC. Find whether the engineer is justified?
OR
6. a) Define entropy and prove that it is a property of a system. 6
b) A lump of steel of mass 8 kg at 1000 K is dropped in 80 kg of oil at 300 K. Make calculations 10
for the entropy change of steel, the oil and the universe. Take specific heats of steel and oil
as 0.5 kJ/kgK and 3.5 kJ/kgK respectively.

7. a) Explain briefly : 6
i) Dryness fraction of steam. ii) External work of evaporation.
iii) Critical temperature and critical pressure.
b) 1 kg of steam at 8 bar, entropy 6.55 kJ/kgK, is heated reversibly at constant pressure until 10
the temperature is 200ºC. Calculate the heat supplied and show on a T-S diagram the area
which represents the heat flow.
OR
8. a) Describe the method of determining the quality of steam by throttling calorimeter. State its 6
limitations.
b) In a test to find the quality of steam in a pipe, using a combined separating and throttling 10
calorimeter, the following data was obtained :
Pressure of steam in the steam main = 14 bar.
Barometer reading = 735 mm Hg
Manometer reading = 170 mm Hg
Temperature after throttling = 120ºC
Water collected in the separator = 0.45 kg
Steam condensed after throttling = 6.75 kg.
Determine the condition of steam in the main.
Assume CPsup = 2.1kJ / kgK .

9. a) Represent Dual cycle on P.V and T.S diagrams. 4

b) Four stroke engine working on Otto cycle has a swept volume of 0.1 m 3. The compression 12
ratio is 7. The condition at the start of the cycle : pressure 0.1 MPa and temperature is 90ºC.
The heat addition is 100 kJ/cycle. Find the ideal efficiency, mean effective pressure and
temperature at key points in the cycle. Assume air as working substance and r = 1.4.
OR
10. a) What are the limitations of carnot vapour cycle? 4
b) Steam at 50 bar, 400ºC expands in a Rankine cycle to 0.34 bar. For a mass flow rate of 150 12
kg/s of steam, determine :-
i) Power developed. ii) Thermal efficiency.
iii) Specific steam consumption.
**********

GUG/W/18/1580 2
 B.E. Mechanical Engineering (CBCS Pattern and Old) Sem-IV
ME402 : Engineering Thermodynamics

P. Pages : 3 GUG/S/19/11960
Time : Three Hours *3746* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. Solve Q.1 or Q.2, Q.3 or Q.4, Q.5 or Q.6, Q.7 or Q.8, Q.9 or Q.10.
2. All questions carry marks as indicated.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of Steam tables, Mollier's chart is permitted.

1. a) What do you understand by property of a system? Distinguish between extensive and 5

intensive properties of a system.

b) Explain “Thermodynamic equilibrium” of a system and state it's significance. 5

c) The properties of a certain fluid are related as follows. 6

u = 196 + 0.718t
pv = 0.287(t + 273)
where u is the specific internal energy (kJ/kg), t is in ºC, p is the pressure (kN / m2 ) and V
is the specific volume (m3 / kg) for this fluid, find CV and CP .

OR

2. a) Show that work is a path function, and not a property. 5

b) State Avogadro's Hypothesis and from it determine the value of universal gas constant. 5

c) If a gas of volume 6000cm3 and at a pressure of 100 kPa is compressed quasistatically 6

according to pV2 = constant until the volume becomes 2000cm3 determine the final
pressure and the work transfer.

3. a) State the first law for a closed system undergoing a cycle. 3

b) What is a PMM1? Why is it impossible? 3

c) A gas of mass 1.5kg undergoes a quasi-static expansion which follows a relationship 10

p = a + bV, where a and b are constants. The initial and final pressures are 1000 kPa and
200 kPa respectively and the corresponding volumes are 0.20m3 and 1.20m3. The specific
internal energy of the gas is given by the relation.
u = 1.5 pV-85 kJ/kg.
Where p is the kPa and V is in m3/kg. Calculate the net heat transfer and the maximum
internal energy of the gas attained during expansion.

OR

GUG/S/19/11960 1 P.T.O
 4. a) Write down the general steady flow energy equation and simplify it for the following 6
system :-
i) Nozzle. ii) Throttling device.

b) In a turbomachine handling an incompressible fluid with a density of 1000kg/m3 the 10

conditions of the fluid at the rotor entry and exit are as given below
Inlet Exit
Pressure 1.15MPa 0.05MPa
Velocity 30m/s 15.5m/s
Height above datum 10m 2m

If the volume flow rate of the fluid is 40m3 / s, estimate the net energy transfer from
the fluid as work.

5. a) Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of second law. 3

b) Show that the cop of a heat pump is greater than the COP of a refrigerator by unity. 5

c) Using an engine of 30% thermal efficiency to drive a refrigerator having a COP of 5, what 8
is the heat input into the engine for each MJ removed from the cold body by the refrigerator?
If this system is used as a heat pump, how many MJ of heat would be available foreheating
for each M of heat input to the engine?

OR

6. a) Give the criteria of reversibility, irreversibility and impossibility of a thermodynamic 3

cycle.

b) Explain the principle of increase of entropy. 5

c) A piston cylinder device contains 1.2kg of nitrogen gas at a 120kPa and 27ºC. The gas is 8
1.3
now compressed slowly in a polytropic process during which pV = constant. The
process ends when the volume is reduced by one half. Determine the entropy change of
nitrogen during this process.

7. a) Explain briefly :- 4
i) Volume of superheated steam.
ii) Critical point.

b) Determine the state of the steam, ie. Whether it is wet, dry or superheated in the following 6
cases.
i) Steam has a pressure of 10 bar and specific volume 0.175 m3/kg.
ii) Steam has a pressure of 15 bar and a temperature of 220ºC.
iii) Steam has a pressure of 20 bar and if 2700 kJ/kg of heat is required to generate the
steam from water at 0ºC.

c) Determine the external work done during evaporation and internal energy at a pressure of 6
1MPa and dryness fraction of 0.80.

OR

GUG/S/19/11960 2
 8. a) What is quality of steam? What are the different methods of measurement of quality? 8
Explain any one in detail.

b) A pressure Cooker contains 2kg of steam at 5 bar pressure and 0.9 dryness fraction. Find 8
the quantity of steam which must be transferred so as the quality of steam becomes 60%
dry. Also, calculate the pressure and temperature of the steam that exists in the cooker after
the heat rejection.

9. a) For the same compression ratio and heat rejection, which cycle is most efficient : Otto, 6
Diesel or Dual? Explain with P.V and T.S diagrams.

b) An engine working on the Otto cycle has an air standard cycle efficiency of 56% and 10
rejects 544 kJ/kg of air. The pressure and temperature of air at the beginning of
compression are 0.1MPa and 60ºC respectively.
Calculate
i) The compression ratio,
ii) The work done per kg of air,
iii) The pressure and temperature at the end of compression, and
iv) The maximum pressure in the cycle.

OR

10. a) Why is Carnot cycle not practicable for a steam power plant? 4

b) In a thermal power plant operating on an ideal Rankine cycle, superheated steam produced 12
at 5MPa and 500ºC is fed to a turbine where it expands to the condenser pressure of 10 kPa.
If the net power output of the plant is to be 20MW, determine.
i) Heat added in the boiler per kg of water.
ii) Thermal efficiency of the cycle.
iii) Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s,
iv) Mass flow rate of cooling water in the condenser if the cooling water enters the
condenser at 20ºC and leaves at 35ºC.

****************

GUG/S/19/11960 3 P.T.O
GUG/S/19/11960 4