Proposed Module For Students With Hearing Impairment

A Proposed Module for Sentence Construction of Students with Speech Impairment
Introduction
Hearing impairment affects a person’s writing in various areas. Research has identified
some of these areas, such as grammar errors, syntax, writing strategies, and others (Antia, Reed,
and Kreimeyer; Marschark and Spencer; Mayer; Paul; Yashinago-Itano, Snyder, and Mayberry).
Even though researchers may stress different points, this is not to say that some areas are more
important than others. Researchers have studied different areas of writing in hearing impaired
students of a specific age or span of age levels, but there has not been research on the
consistency of the problem areas over a length of time. As a result, it must be determined if, after
progressing through school, hearing impaired students still show the same writing errors related
to their hearing impairment.
An individual’s literacy is dependent on his or her development of language. How could
one expect a person who does not have a full understanding of his or her own language to write a
comprehensible piece? A child begins to learn language very early on; this is why hearing tests
and early intervention are stressed at an extremely young age. Children with more interaction
and a better understanding of their language tend to transition into writing easier than others. As
for early detection of hearing impairment is associated with the good performance in language (.
Even though it is noted that hearing impaired students develop parallel to normally
hearing students, hearing impaired students still differ or make errors in various aspects of
writing (Mayer). Each of my sources claims some of the same or different weaknesses or errors
in hearing impaired people’s writing; therefore, each source will be noted for its specific
perspective on the subject. For example, it was reported that hearing impaired students typically
lack severely in the development of their syntactical skills; more specifically, they “use fewer
cohesive markers or fewer different lexical devices to signal cohesion” (Marschark and Spencer;
Antia, Reed, and Kreimeyer). It was also discovered that a hearing impaired student’s writing
tends to consistently show an introduction of ideas, but failure to fully develop or establish said
ideas due to a lack of semantic and syntactic skills (Yoshinaga-Itano, Snyder, and Mayberry).
Not only is the comprehension of a hearing impaired person’s writing affected, but the
production of the writing itself is not strong. Marschark and Spencer and Antia, Reed, and
Kreimeyer agree that hearing impaired people tend to not have a broad vocabulary or to use
extensive word variety. Also, compared to their hearing counterparts, hearing impaired
individuals are not able to produce complex sentences or have ample sentence length.
Researchers have noted that hearing impaired students “made errors of addition (adding
unnecessary words), omissions (omitting necessary words), substitutions…, and word-order
deviations (inappropriate word order)” (Paul). The attention brought to these errors was
significant, but there was no conversation about the significance of the errors themselves.
Overall, it can be summarized that hearing impaired students struggle with the
mechanical and organizational skills of writing (Paul). All of these discoveries and statements
made about hearing impaired students must be taken with caution because not every source’s
information is entirely accurate for every situation. There are a wide range of variables that affect
something as broad as writing and they cannot all always be taken into consideration. However,
it is safe to assume that hearing impairment leads to differences in both writing development and
writing itself
Hearing Impairment is one of the causes of Language Delay. It can block the
development. It has a complex effect, the profound or severe hearing loss have a greater deficits
in the learning language.Special Education is helping exceptional children to the greatest
possible personal self-sufficiency and success in present and future environments. It can be done
through individual planning systematically implementing and carefully evaluation of instruction.
Based from the philosophy of special education, all exceptional children and adults can benefit
from the educational programs. This means that exceptional children can learn. The aim of
special education is to make the children independent and functional in the society that means
the special education. Teacher plays a major role for them to attain this goal that makes it a
challenge in the field. Pupils with special needs have their individual differences; special
educators provide individualized instructional programs that will fit to their unique needs
(Heward 1988, as cited by Catherine Joy C. Balboa, Hye Jeong Yun (Ivy) and Marriane Tinio,
March 2011).
The researchers will choose to conduct this study in order to help students with speech
impairment to easily construct error-free sentences. As a help for teachers the module served as
their supplemental tool as far as SVA Rules are concerned.

PERRY, L. Writing with Four Senses: A Hearing Impaired Person’s Writing.
Appelman, K. I., Callahan, J. O., Mayer, M. H., Luetke, B. S., & Stryker, D. S. (2012). Education,
employment, and independent living of young adults who are deaf and hard of hearing. American Annals
of the Deaf, 157(3), 264-273.

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A Proposed Module for Sentence Construction of Students with Speech Impairment

to their hearing impairment.

An individual’s literacy is dependent on his or her development of language. How could

unnecessary words), omissions (omitting necessary words), substitutions…, and word-order

in the learning language.Special Education is helping exceptional children to the greatest

through individual planning systematically implementing and carefully evaluation of instruction.

their supplemental tool as far as SVA Rules are concerned.

of the Deaf, 157(3), 264-273.

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