Ipodwdm: Amit Patel Technical Marketing Engineer Technical Marketing Engineer Service Provider Group

IPoDWDM
Amit Patel
Technical Marketing Engineer
Service Provider Group
Agenda
IPoDWDM Architecture
Advanced IPoDWDM Features
IPoDWDM Management
40G/100G Design Considerations
Optical
O ti l Impairments
I i t
Modulation Schemes
40G/100G Deployment considerations in 10G Optical
networks
Case Study
100G - where we are today?
Summary
Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2

IPoDWDM Architecture
Network Focus: Increasingly Bandwidth
Intensive and Complex
44 Exabytes per month Total Traffic by 2012
2012 annual bandwidth demand reaches 522 Exabytes
Exabytes, or more
Personalized
P li d
than half of a Zettabyte
Event Driven
Content
Business HD
Massive Online and 3-D Video
Video Storage
Libraries
Bi-Directional
Mobile Video
Residential
HD Video
Consumer Traffic Trend
month
Video Reaches 87% of
30 Consumer IP in 2012
xabytes per m VoIP
Video Communications
20 Gaming
Web / Email
P2P - Other
10 P2P - Video
Ex
Internet Video to TV
Internet Video to PC
0 Commercial VoD
Source: Cisco, 2008 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Traffic Trend
Services converging on IP
Peer to peer
Carrier built broadcast and VoD
Over the top providers
Video conferencing
High impact data movement
Traffic is no longer predictable
Flash crowds
Requires advanced protection mechanism
Must meet stringent SLAs
Reduced revenue per bit
Everyone wants more and more bandwidth, but not willing to pay more
and more

Today’s
Today s IP Network + Optical Network
IP Layer Management Optical Layer Management
Transponders
converting short Core
Metro Metro
reach to λ
Network R t
Router Network
Electrical switching
– OEO conversions
P2P DWDM
Electrical XC
Manual patching of
10G connections

Where Does This Take Us?
Higher band idths are needed to address this growth:

bandwidths gro th
10 Gig Networks beginning to feel the strain
Cannot rely on L2/L3 aggregation: LAG 4 X 10G 40G
Cannot rely on L1 aggregation: DWDM ports are not unlimited
Increase wavelength capacity as soon as viable:
g
Move to higher data rates p
per lambda,, i.e. 40G and 100G
But must operate over existing infrastructure
And ideally with equivalent performance to 10G
Requires advanced optical modulation schemes
Remove all unnecessary network layers leaving only:

Service layer (IP)
Transport layer (DWDM)
Integrate DWDM technology on Router: IPoDWDM

New Cisco IPoDWDM Architecture
Common Network Management and Control
Integrated
transponders
p Core
Metro Router Metro
Network Network
Photonic
switching –
no OEO
conversions
Mesh
ROADM
ROADM
Cisco IPoDWDM Benefits
•1/3 the number of Opto Electronic
Components
•Less common cards
•½ the number of patch cables
Less operational issues at turn up
•Less Shelves
•Less Racks
Less Real Estate
Less COLOC fees
•Less Power
Reduced Power costs
No new Power plant requirements
•G.709
G 709 terminates on ro
router
ter OC-768-DPSK
L1 awareness
Enhanced troubleshooting features
Enhanced protection features
•40 Gbps over optical network designed for
10Gbps Existing
Additional bandwidth with no network outages and
lambda
Upgrade/Add
Upg ade/ dd o
one
e lambda
a bda at a ttime
e services
•Leverage current CRS-1 network

Present Mode of Operations vs. IPoDWDM Architecture

OC-768
OC 768 DWDM PLIM on the CRS
CRS-1
1
Chassis Support:
All CRS chassis
Hardware:
OC768-DPSK/C and 1OC768-DPSK/C-O
CRS MSC 40G B (requires 3.6.x
CRS-MSC-40G-B 3 6 x or higher)
General Feature Support:

All features supported on the OC768 PLIM
• 89 configurable wavelengths on OC768-DPSK and OC768-DPSK/C-O

combined
• Must run G.709 and E.FEC (on by default)
• Performance Monitoring over time (15 min or 24 hours)
• Alarm and Transceiver Monitoring
g
• Loopback Line and Loopback Internal for troubleshooting support
• Compatible with 10GigE DWDM systems
• Open Architecture

An Open DWDM Layer – not as Hard as it
Seems…
Seems
Public references:
MSTP CENIC, USA
Nortel CPL
Netia, Poland
Ciena CoreStream
Alcatel
Padtec
Lucent OLS400
eThekwini, South Africa
Siemens SURPASS hiT7550
Tellabs TITAN 7100
Oth trials:
Other ti l Qatar Foundation
Fuji
Huawei
Ericsson MHL-3000
Kuwait Information Network
TENET, South Africa Bulgarian Telecommunication Company

IPoDWDM Architecture Advantages
DWDM Line System
PMs Exist inside router

Routing Platform Routing Platform
With IPoDWDM, The Routing

Layer
y Is Now Aware of Optical
p
Layer Performance Giving way to Advanced Features
Optical PMs Exist in Router
G.709 PMs Exist in Router
IPoDWDM is an Architecture built around optimizing the network and providing CAP and
OP Ex reductions and simplifications
Hi h
Higher
Combined Restoration/Optimization
Optical Auto BW
CLI driven Optical BW
Colorless, Omni-Directional and Advanced DWDM Control Plane
Shared Risk Link Groups – L0 to L3

Coordinated Maintenance
exity
Comple
LMP and Alarm Correlation
Proactive Protection
Lower
- Proactive Protection
Proactive Protection
Measures the Bit Error Rate at the receiver before the Forward
Error Correcting code (FEC) is applied
Wh
When a user-defined
d fi d th
threshold
h ld iis crossed,
d an iindication
di ti iis sentt
upstream
Head-end then triggers re-convergence
This will protect against the most common failure modes in DWDM
networks with near-zero packet loss.
Can not be achieved with any other technology but IPoDWDM
Why can we do this?

Structure of Optical Transport Unit
(OTU) Per ITU-T G.709
G 709

Standard vs. Proactive Protection
Switch- Protected
SR Working Path Working Path Protected Path
Packet Loss
Packet Loss
over Path WDM
port
port
on
on Near-hitless switch
Router LOF Router
Trans-
BER
BER
ponder
R Out
R Out
FEC FEC
FEC FEC
Protection
Trigger
Optical Impairment Optical Impairment

DWDM DWDM
Standard Protection Proactive Protection
Maintenance mode for DWDM interface
Proactive protection is also used to switch traffic away due to a

maintenance activity
When the state of a DWDM port is put in out of service – maint
(OOS MT) by
(OOS-MT), b a mgmtt tool
t l (e.g.,
( CTC) or manually
ll ((via
i CLI)
CLI),
proactive protection will be used
Proactive protection will bidirectionally switch away from the line
once one off the
th ports
t is
i putt in
i OOS-MT
OOS MT mode. d It will
ill re-enable
bl use off
the line only when both ends are back in service
Note: this behavior is active irrespective if proactive protection is
enabled or disabled – the “no enable” command disables automatic
triggering of protection but not maintenance triggers

R
Regeneration
ti aware Proactive
P ti Protection
P t ti
A-Z Provisioning of pre-FEC thresholds
10G Regen
10G ITU
10G ITU 10G ITU
CRS-1
CRS-1
CRS 1 FEI/BEI FEI/BEI
1
10G
n
ITU
15454 MSTP Transport
Cisco unique “Regeneration aware” Proactive Protection

Assure business continuity and mission critical connection
Presentation_IDPresentation_ID© 2009 Cisco Systems,

© 2010 Cisco
Inc. All and/or
rights its affiliates. All rights reserved.
reserved. 20
How does it work
Threshold crossed at a
regen, causing a signal Activates L3
towards upstream switching
it hi
routers
signal
Regen Regen
A signal B
Router-A Router-B
1.
1 A-Z
A Z Provisioning congruent
Pro isioning sets congr pre-FEC
ent threshold for pre FEC BER
2. Whenever a degrade is detected, i.e. the BER pre-FEC
threshold is crossed at REGEN,, REGEN p propagates
p g a
Degrade indication forward and backward
3. FRR detects the degrade indication and switch

- Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLG)
Share Risk Data Between Layers
to Ensure True Diversity for FRR
Router topology
SRLG={1,2,3}
O ti l topology
Optical t l
!
1 2 3
– FRR decides protection path ahead of a failure

– Can be wrong w/o SRLG data
What appears diverse in L2/L3 may not be diverse in L1
– M
Manuall SRLG entry
t isi error prone and
d nott up to
t date
d t
– SRLGs can be mined from the Optical layer and fed to IP layer
Enhance network resilience w/o error-prone manual work

SRLG sharing details
L3 CP
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
4
CTC 1
2, 5 3
L0 CP
1. Provision L0 SRLGs into nodes via CTC

2. Collect risks when setting up e2e path via CTC
3. Provision into router by CTC (Virtual Transponder)
4. Use by planning tools and L3 apps (e.g., FRR)

IPoDWDM Management
Simple Configuration
Ensure you are user of user group in proper task group

Configure DWDM controller using CLI:
controller dwdm0/15/0/0
admin-state in-service
wavelength 7
Configure L3 interface same as before
* Additional optional commands exist

Managing a WDM Interface on a Router
On p
par or better than advanced transponders
p
show controllers dwdm 0/15/0/0
Port dwdm0/15/0/0
Controller State: up
Loopback: None Li C
Line Card
d St
State
t
G709 Status
OTU
ITU T G.709
ITU-T G 709
LOS = 0 LOF = 0 LOM = 0
BDI = 0 IAE = 0 BIP = 0 Performance Monitoring
BEI = 0 TIM = 0
ODU
AIS = 0 BDI = 0 OCI = 0
LCK = 0 BIP = 0 BEI = 0
PTIM = 0 TIM = 0
FEC Mode: Enhanced FEC(default)

EC(current second) = 4063 EC = 74084864668 UC = 0
pre-FEC
FEC BER = 9.53E-8
9 53E 8 Q = 5.26
5 26 QM
Margin
i =5
5.49
49
Remote FEC Mode: Unknown

FECMISMATCH = 0

On par or better than advanced transponders
show controllers dwdm 0/15/0/0 (cont)
Port dwdm0/15/0/0
Detected Alarms: None

Asserted Alarms: None
Alarm Reporting Enabled for: LOS LOF LOM IAE OTU-BDI OTU-TIM OTU_SF_BER OTU_SD_BER
ODU-AIS ODU-BDI OCI LCK PTIM ODU-TIM FECMISMATCH
BER Thresholds: OTU-SF = 10e-3 OTU-SD = 10e-6
OTU TTI Sent String ASCII: Tx TTI Not Configured Optical Alarms
OTU TTI Received String ASCII: Rx TTI Not Recieved
Trace & Performance
OTU TTI Expected String ASCII: Exp TTI Not Configured
Monitoring
ODU TTI Sent String ASCII: Tx TTI Not Configured
ODU TTI Received String ASCII: Rx TTI Not Recieved
ODU TTI Expected String ASCII: Exp TTI Not Configured
p
Optics Status
Optics Type: DWDM

Wavelength Info: C-Band, MSA ITU Channel=15, Frequency=195.40THz, Wavelength=1534.250nm
TX Power = 1.04 dBm
RX Power = -5.33 dBm
RX LOS Threshold = -16.00
16 00 dBm
TDC Info
TDC Not Supported on the Plim or
TDC Info
Operational Mode: AUTO
On-Board TDC included
Status : LOCKED
Dispersion Setting : 0 ps/nm on 2nd Generation

On par or better than advanced transponders
show controllers dwdm 0/15/0/0 pm history fec
Port dwdm0/15/0/0
g709 FEC in the current interval [ 1:30:00 - 01:31:21 Mon Jun 28 2010]
Performance Monitoring
EC-BITS : 238922 Threshold : 0 TCA(enable) : NO
UC-WORDS : 0 Threshold : 0 TCA(enable) : NO Current Interval
g709 FEC in interval 1 [ 1:15:00 - 1:30:00 Mon Jun 28 2010]

EC-BITS : 2254454 UC-WORDS : 0

Past Intervals




Managing
g g the SP “walls”: Virtual
Transponders
The major objection against IPoDWDM: the
transport people want to manage “their”
transponders
The data/network people don’t want the

p p
transport people
p to touch “their” routers
Virtual Transponders address this issue

What does the Virtual Transponder do?
Exposes the DWDM aspects of an IPoDWDM interface
Integrate into DWDM EMS using XML
Allows for segmented management of the transmission

and IP networks

Virtual Transponder: How to Manage
IPoDWDM from a Legacy DWDM EMS
EMS Virtual Transponder EMS

R
Representation
t ti in
i
Transponder Info Model
TL-1/CORBA Representation TL-1/CORBA/XML
in Info Model
DWDM Main DWDM Main

Controller Controller
w/ Info Model w/ Info Model
Database Database
Config Alarm
Config Alarm
Transponders Comm DWDM Router

LMP
In Shelves Inside the Interfaces
NE (IPC)
IPoDWDM:
IP DWDM CanC Be B Managed
M d
Traditional Network w/out Significant Changes
Segmented Administration
Respect organization Data Segmented Administration
b
boundaries
d i Group
Transport
Data/transport group Group
separation
Restrict users WDMI/F
rule based access control
rule-based WDMI/F
Router DWDM Transport

IOS-XR Side
Each command is associated with a Task ID
Task IDs are grouped together in task groups
Users inherit allowed Task IDs through group membership
TACACS and Radius also supported

Example: Managing DWDM Interfaces on
Routers as part of the DWDM Layer

Third Party VTXP integration
Cisco opens it’s XML schemas to a

Third Party DWDM vendor whom
integrates into management plane of
DWDM platform

40G/ 100G Design Considerations
Higher Data Rates
Minimum Requirements
40 Gig and above rates must meet minimum requirements:

Target 10 Gig distances—1500 Km reach
Not simply
p y a Greenfield technology,
gy, but p
plug
g and p
play
y over existing
g
10Gig networks
Must be as open as possible, operate over third party DWDM networks
Must operate over both 100GHz as well as 50GHz spacings
Must be at a competitive cost point
p
Power and footprint must be reasonable,, can not redesign
g
Router/transport shelf due to blade
To achieve must leverage/control:

1. Optical Impairments
2. Modulations schemes

Optical Impairments
Optical Impairments
Acronyms
Chromatic
Ch ti Dispersion
Di i (CD)
Attenuation
Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR)
Compensate for low S/N using FEC
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)
Four Photon Mixing (FPM) or Four Wave Mixing
(FWM)
Cross Phase Modulations (XPM)

Optical Impairments
Chromatic Dispersion (CD)

The refractive index of fiber has a wavelength dependence.
This causes the higher frequencies to travel faster then lower
frequencies causing a pulse broadening effect.
effect Measured in
ps/nm*km, threshold / limit measured in ps/nm.
1 Km of SMF28 Fiber
t+16.7ps
t 16.7 ps/nm
Confusion, do I want it or not? Is it good or bad?

Confusion
Reducing Dispersion will increase distance and
performance
Reducing/eliminating Dispersion will also increase
nonlinear effects thus limiting distance/performance
Counter Measure: Dispersion Compensating Unit (DCU)

Optical Impairments
Attenuation
Loss of signal strength

Limits transmission distance
SMF28 - approx 0.25dB/km
C
Counter
t M Measure: O
Optical
ti l amplifier
lifi

Optical Impairments
Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR)
Noise introduced by optical amplifiers

Function of data rate-rule of thumb, 2X data rate = 3 dB higher OSNR
Limits number of amps hence distance
C
Counter M
Measure: Regen/Forward
R /F d error correction
i

Optical Impairments
Compensate for low S/N using FEC
0
FEC extends reach and –1
1
design flexibility, at –2 Raw Channel BER=1.5e-3
“silicon cost” –3
–4
4
G
G.709
709 standard
t d d iimproves
–5
OSNR tolerance by 6.2 dB
–6
(at 10–15 BER)
BER)
–7
Log (B
Offers intrinsic performance –8
monitoring (error statistics) –9
–10
Higher gains (8
(8.4dB)
4dB) possible –11 Uncoded
by enhanced FEC (with same –12
No FEC
G.709 overhead) –13
EFEC=8.4
EFEC 8.4 dB
–14
14 FEC=6.2 dB
–15
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
S/N (dB)
Benefit: FEC/EFEC Extends Reach and Offers 10–15 BER

Optical Impairments
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)

Since fiber cores are not perfectly symmetrical, the light will
travel down the X and Y axis at different rates leading to a
pulse broadening effect
effect. This is a function of a coefficient
multiplied by the square root of the total distance measured in
ps/km1/2
Ey
y
nx
Ex ny Spreaded Pulse As
Pulse As it Enters the Fiber it Leaves the Fiber
Function of bit rate, greater the bit rate the greater the
dependence on PMD
PMD is statistical in nature, one must account for mean
value rather then instantaneous
Counter Measure: PMD compensators are available

Optical Impairments
Four Photon Mixing or Four Wave Mixing (FPM or FWM)
Beating
B ti bbetween
t ttwo channels
h l att th
their
i diff
difference ffrequency, modulates
d l t ththe
phase at that frequency generating new tones as side bands. These new
products interfere with other channels
BER degradation
λ1 λ2 λ3
f213 f231
f123 f312 f321
f113 f112 f223 f132 f221 f332 f331
Total Beats = N(N-1)^2
Counter measures:
Unequal channel spacing
Increase channel spacing
Chromatic Dispersion, waves alternate in and out of phase,
reducing mixing efficiency

Optical Impairments
C
Cross Ph
Phase Modulation
M d l ti (XPM)
This arises due to the weak dependence of the refractive
index on intensity: n=n
n n0 + n2*II. Here the nonlinear refractive
index modulates one of the carriers onto the other.
Pulse broadening gets exaggerated with Chromatic
Di
Dispersion
i
Counter measures:
Chromatic Dispersion, the group velocity causes the
interfering pulse to walk thru the other
Larger spacing between carriers

Modulation Schemes
40/100G Is Much Harder than 10G
100G vs. 10G 100G vs. 40G
OSNR 10 dB higher 4 dB higher

Requirement
CD tolerance 100 X less 6.25 X less
DGD tolerance 10 X less 2 5 X less

2.5
PMD limited 100 X less 6.25 X less

di t
distance
p
Optical BW 10 X 2.5 X

Modulation Schemes
Amplitude
Phase Polarization

Modulation Schemes
Acronyms
(N)RZ—(Non)
(N)RZ (N ) RReturn
t tto Zero
Z
PSBT—Phase Shaped Binary Transmission
CS-RZ—Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero
DPSK—Differential Phase Shift Keying
DQPSK—Differential Quadature Phase Shift Keying
ODB—Optical Duo Binary
QPSK—Quadature Phase Shift Keying
PM-’X’—Polarization Multiplexing

Modulation Schemes
M d l ti Attributes
Modulation Att ib t
Amplitude Phase Polarization
NRZ DPSK DQPSK PM-’X’
CS/RZ PSBT/ODB QPSK
Where ‘X’ Can Be DPSK, DQPSK, QPSK, etc. …

40 G Modulation Scheme – DPSK+
Optical Out
Serial 40G
CW Laser MZM
DPSK+
0110100
Serial 40G Im(E) Im(E)
NRZ Data
0101110
Encoder/Driver
Re(E) Re(E)
OOK DPSK
Optical DI
In Balanced NRZ Data
R
Photodiode
EDFA
40Gig Phase 2
DPSK – Differential Phase Shift Keying

Increase distances utilizing Enhanced FEC
Cisco chose DPSK best overall for 40Gig g although
g find PM-QPSK very
y
interesting and viable for higher data rates

100G – Need to address
Transmitter
Increasing speed means
Complex Optics = Complex Electronics = $$$$$$
More Optical
p Impairments
p
Receiver
Address impairments
O ti l compensation
Optical ti vs. Electrical
El t i l compensation
ti
Coherent vs. Direct detection
Forward Error Correction (FEC)
Hard Decision FEC
Standard FEC – 6dB Coding Gain
Enhanced FEC – 8+dB Coding Gain
Newer FECs – 9+dB Coding Gains
Soft Decision FEC
Each off the above FECs
C can be used for
f any off the options

100G – The Transmitter
Need to go slower
Optical impairments are directly related to signaling rates
Need to increase modulation efficiency

Signaling speed decreases & Information Rate increases
NRZ to ODB to (D)PSK to (D)QPSK
Need to increase optical efficiency

Split signal over two polarizations (PM – Mod Scheme)
1 bit/symbol 1 bit/symbol 2 bits/symbol

00
01
10
0 1 -1 1 11
NRZ PSK QPSK

OSNR Required at 111 Gb/s
32 Higher level modula

modula-
tion formats require
ency [bit/ss/Hz]
Shannon Bound PM-1024QAM

increasingly higher
16 for PM formats
PM-256QAM
PM-64QAM OSNR even at
PM-16QAM
constant bit rate
8
PM-8QAM
Requires extra 8 dB to PM-16QAM requires
q
Spectral efficie
triple spectral efficiency 4 dB more than PM-

4
PM-QPSK
Requires extra 4 dB to QPSK
double spectral efficiency
2 PM
PM-64QAM
64QAM requires
i
8 dB more than PM-
QPSK
1
BER=1E-3 PM-256QAM would
0.5 require 13 dB more
6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 than PM-QPSK!
PM QPSK!
OSNR over 0.1 nm [dB]

Cisco 100Gig DWDM Technology
Update
Multiple technology options are being examining in the industry today
PM-DQPSK – Direct detection, Hard decision FEC
Co-FDM Multiple Carrier – two 50G carriers in a 50GHz channel
Coherent PM
PM-QPSK
QPSK – Hard decision FEC
Coherent PM-QPSK – Advanced FEC
Cisco Approach
One solution, best-in-class performance:
• PM-QPSK – Advanced FEC
• Min of 2dB (~1.5x) better performance then other options above
• Optimal Reach – up to 2,000Km
• Part of a Cisco End-to-End Solution
Cisco strategic decision: Get it right the first time. No one

can afford to iterate through multiple generations

Cisco View of 100GigE Transmission
25Gb/s In-phase
QPSK1 Modulator
25Gb/s Quadrature
Laser 100 Gb/s = 25 Gbaud
25Gb/s In-phase
QPSK2 Modulator i0
25Gb/s Quadrature PIN Signal
90°
Hybrid
q0 Processing
PIN 4x
Laser i1 50G Optical
O i l
PIN
90° ADC
Linear
Hybrid q1 System
PIN
PM – QPSK – Polarization Multiplexed Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

Increase distances utilizing Cisco Advanced FEC
Advanced signal processing to address:
CD Compensation
PMD Mitigation
Single Channel Non-linear
Non linear impairment mitigation
To be implemented on both router interfaces and transport NEs
40G/100G Deployment Considerations in
10G Optical Networks
Operating on 3rd party DWDM System
3rd PARTY DWDM SYSTEM MUST SUPPORT ALIEN
WAVELENGTHS!
-> Alien/foreign wavelength is any 3rd party ITU wavelength

operating over an existing DWDM infrastructure.
> G698.2
-> G698 2 – Standard for “Alien/Foreign
Alien/Foreign waves”
waves defines:
properties for signal sources and sinks
properties for DWDM links for “black links” (i.e. alien
g )
wavelengths)

Network Architecture
D i C
Design Considerations
id ti
Noise and Impairment Limits
40G receiver
i diff
differs ffrom 10G
40G IPoDWDM
Transponder 10G Transponder
(DPSK+)
Launch
L h
0 dBm 0 dBm
Powers
Rx Windows 5 to –18
18 dBm 0 to –23
23 dBm
OSNR (.1nm) ~ 14.5 dB ~ 15 dB
CD +/- 750ps/nm +/- 2000ps/nm
PMD 2.5ps 10ps

What to take into consideration ?
Basics that you should start with
•Fiber
Fib T Type
•OSNR
•Chromatic Dispersion
•Polarization Mode Dispersion
•Spectrum
Spectrum Allocation
•Channel Spacing
p g
•Design Margin

Basics that y
you should start with ((cont’d))
Check end-to-end OSNR.
Determine if yyour network is within DWDM cards margin
g
•Watch out how OSNR is given. For 10Gb/s DWDM it is common to provide
OSNR with Bandwidth Resolution = 0.1nm
IPoDWDM cards has results given with RBW = 0.5 nm usually.
OSNR(0.1nm) = OSNR(0.5nm) + 10log (0.5nm/0.1)
(0 1nm) = OSNR(0.5nm)
OSNR(0.1nm) (0 5nm) + 7dB
Check end-to-end CD
Check end
end-to-end
to end PMD
Check Rx power (attenuation)
MSTP has tool to do these calculations for you!

Cisco Transport Planner

Sample Calculations – basics
80Km 80Km 80Km
Attenuation = α * L α = Attenuation coef

L = Distance (km)
Chromatic Dispersion = D * L D = Dispersion coef

L Di
L= Distance
t (k
(km))
DGD = PMD X SQRT(L) DGD – Differential Group Delay

PMD= PMD coefficient
OSNR = 58 + Pin – NF – 10*log(#CH) – 10*log(#Amp Cas)*

* assuming all amps the same
6
100G: Where are we today?
40GbE and 100GbE:
Computing and Networking
1,000,000
100,000 100 Gigabit Ethernet

Core
Networking 40 Gigabit Ethernet
Doubling
≈18 mos
Mb/s
Rate M
10,000 10 Gigabit Ethernet
1,000 Gigabit Ethernet

Server
I/O
Doubling
≈24 mos
100
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Date

Industry Efforts for 40/100G
IEEE 802.3ba
802 3b 40Gb/s
40Gb/ and
d 100Gb/s
100Gb/
Defined client interface for 40GigE and 100GigE
Ratified June 17, 2010
ITU Study Group 15, Next Generation Optical and Transport

Networks
ODU3E and ODU4 defined and completed
OIF, 100G Long-distance DWDM Transmission

address the historically fragmented DWDM market space
drive commonality of design, specification and operation
at both component and system level
100G PM-QPSK agreed
g upon
p
Cisco Taking an Active Leadership Role in All of the Above

Key Takeaways
100GE and
d 40GE have
h b
been ratified
tifi d JJune 17
17, 2010
100GE demand is high from SP customers to address
networking and aggregation issues
Cisco is taking a strong leadership role:
Both LAN and WAN technologies
Industry standards
Components and sub-components and obviously in 100G IP forwarding!
Cisco launched the industry’s first 100GE interface!!

June 2008 – client side
March 2010 – 100GigE on CRS-3
CRS 3 – live AT&T

What Comes After 100Gig?
Higher data rates
200Gig, 400Gig, 1T?
Need to investigate
g other modulation techniques
q
PM-16QAM, PM-64QAM, …. or CO-OFDM ?
Need deeper look at FEC
Advanced
Ad d FEC
What other algorithms are there
Need of intelligent DWDM layer
Flex spectrum
Control plane
Ad
Advanced d operations,
ti ttroubleshooting
bl h ti and d
protection mechanisms

Summary
Cisco IPoDWDM Summary and Benefits
IP traffic continues to grow

24 Exabytes per month by 2012
Driven by application service convergence on IP
Optical layer must be open

Optical layer needs to be in place for 5–10 year minimum
Cannot afford to tie transmission rate innovation to DWDM vendor’s roadmap
Encourages innovation by maintaining competition
New services converging on IP need more robustness

IPoDWDM delivers robustness, reliability and cost savings
Fewer shelves—less CO space, less power, less gear improving reliability
F
Fewer O t electronic
Opto l t i components—increased
t i d reliability
li bilit
Half number of patch cable—dirty connectors and miss connection account for majority of
problems in field
G.709 PMs to the interface not masked by transponder—improved network resiliency
E bl advanced
Enable d d ffeatures
t
40G over current 10G optical network
Investigation underway in 1 Tbps

Acronyms
BER – Bit Error Rate MMF – Multi Mode Fiber
CD – Chromatic Dispersion OIF – Optical Internetworking Forum
OSNR – Optical Signal to Noise Ratio

CTC – Cisco Transport Planner
PM – Performance Monitoring
DGD – Differential Group Delay
PMD – Polarization Mode Dispersion
DWDM – Dense
D W
Wave Di
Division
i i M Multiplexing
lti l i
PMO – Present Mode of Operations
FEC- Forward Error Correction
QAM – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
FRR – Fast Re-Route
ROADM – Reprogrammable Optical Add/Drop
FPM – Four Photon Mixing Multiplexer
FWM – Four Wave Mixing SLA – Service Level Agreement
GMPLS – General Multiprotocol Label Switching SMF – Single Mode Fiber
SR- Short Reach

IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers SRLG – Shared Risk Link Groups
ITU – International Telecommunication Union VOD – Video on Demand
LMP – Link Management Protocol VTXP – Virtual Transponder
MAC- Media Access Control XPM – Cross Phase Modulation

Q&A

Ipodwdm: Amit Patel Technical Marketing Engineer Technical Marketing Engineer Service Provider Group

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IPoDWDM

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2

Consumer Traffic Trend

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 4

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 5

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6

 Higher band idths are needed to address this growth:

 Remove all unnecessary network layers leaving only:

 Integrate DWDM technology on Router: IPoDWDM

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 7

•Leverage current CRS-1 network

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 9

General Feature Support:

• 89 configurable wavelengths on OC768-DPSK and OC768-DPSK/C-O

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 10

TENET, South Africa Bulgarian Telecommunication Company

DWDM Line System

PMs Exist inside router

With IPoDWDM, The Routing

 G.709 PMs Exist in Router

 CLI driven Optical BW

 Colorless, Omni-Directional and Advanced DWDM Control Plane

 Shared Risk Link Groups – L0 to L3

Why can we do this?

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 16

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 17

Optical Impairment Optical Impairment

 Proactive protection is also used to switch traffic away due to a

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 19

Cisco unique “Regeneration aware” Proactive Protection

Presentation_IDPresentation_ID© 2009 Cisco Systems,

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 21

– FRR decides protection path ahead of a failure

Enhance network resilience w/o error-prone manual work

1. Provision L0 SRLGs into nodes via CTC

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 24

Ensure you are user of user group in proper task group

Configure L3 interface same as before

* Additional optional commands exist

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 26

FEC Mode: Enhanced FEC(default)

Remote FEC Mode: Unknown

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 27

Detected Alarms: None

Optics Type: DWDM

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 28

g709 FEC in interval 1 [ 1:15:00 - 1:30:00 Mon Jun 28 2010]

g709 FEC in interval 2 [ 1:00:00 - 1:15:00 Mon Jun 28 2010]

g709 FEC in interval 3 [ 0:45:00 - 1:00:00 Mon Jun 28 2010]

g709 FEC in interval 4 [ 0:30:00 - 0:45:00 Mon Jun 28 2010]

g709 FEC in interval 5 [ 0:15:00 - 0:30:00 Mon Jun 28 2010]

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 29

 The data/network people don’t want the

 Virtual Transponders address this issue

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 30

 Exposes the DWDM aspects of an IPoDWDM interface

 Integrate into DWDM EMS using XML

 Allows for segmented management of the transmission

Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 31

Higher band idths are needed to address this growth:

Remove all unnecessary network layers leaving only:

Integrate DWDM technology on Router: IPoDWDM

G.709 PMs Exist in Router

CLI driven Optical BW

Colorless, Omni-Directional and Advanced DWDM Control Plane

Shared Risk Link Groups – L0 to L3

Proactive protection is also used to switch traffic away due to a

The data/network people don’t want the

Virtual Transponders address this issue

Exposes the DWDM aspects of an IPoDWDM interface

Integrate into DWDM EMS using XML

Allows for segmented management of the transmission

40 Gig and above rates must meet minimum requirements:

To achieve must leverage/control:

DPSK – Differential Phase Shift Keying

Need to increase modulation efficiency

Need to increase optical efficiency

32 Higher level modula

PM – QPSK – Polarization Multiplexed Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

OSNR = 58 + Pin – NF – 10log(#CH) – 10log(#Amp Cas)*