Class 10th-social-English-Study Materials-Www - Governmentexams.co - in PDF

10th Social Science
One Mark Questions

ONE MARK QUESTIONS - HISTORY
1. IMPERIALISM IN INDIA AND CHINA
1. Germany and Italy became unified countries in ---------- (JU-13)
a) 1870 b) 1872 c) 1780 d) 1782
2. A great demand for the raw materials was created by -------- (AP-12, JU-12,14,15,16, SE-14,MAR-16)
a) Industrial Revolution b) IT Revolution c) French Revolution d) Agrarian Revolution
3. The policy of Imperialism followed by the European countries from 1870 - 1945 was known as -----
a) Neo-Imperialism b) Political Imperialism c) New Imperialism d) Military Imperialism
4. China was politically Independent under the --------
a) Chin rule b) Shang Rule c) Chou rule d) Manchu rule
5. The movement of goods was speeded up by the development of ---------- (AP-13, JU-14)
a) Railways b) Roadways c) Airways d) Waterways
6. The ‘Sphere of Influence’ was adopted by the European countries in --------
a) Japan b) China c) India d) Burma
7. The English East India company was formed in ------------ (SE-13)
a) 1600 b) 1664 c) 1644 d) 1700
8. The French East India company was established by ---------- (AP-14, MA-17)
a) Louis XIV b) Colbert c) Louis XVI d) De Brazza
9. The Second Opium War came to end by the Treaty of ------------
a) Peking b) Nanking c) Canton d) Shantung
10. The policy formulated by England and USA for China ------------ (OC-16)
a) Open Door Policy b) Doctrine of Lapse c) Protective Trade Policy d) Scorched Earth Policy
11. The Mughal emperor who gave permission to English East India Company to set up trading post at Surat--
a) Shahjahan b) Jahangir c) Aurangazeb d) Humayun
12. The Republic of China was established under ------------ (SE-15)
a) Dr. Sun Yat Sen b) Chou – En – Lai c) Mao Tse Tung d) Chiang Kai Sheik
Match the following:
A) 1. The Carnatic wars - a. Asia
2. Protectorate - b. China
3. Racial Discrimination - c. England
4. Island of Hong Kong (AP-15, SE-12) - d. End of French Influence in India
5. International Colony - e. France
- f. Imperialism
- g. Africa
Answers : 1. d 2. e 3. g 4. c 5. b
2. FIRST WORLD WAR 1914 -1918

1. ‘Germany alone was competent to rule the whole world’ said by ------- (JU-13)
a) Bismarck b) Kaiser William II c) Hitler d) Mussolini
2. Kaiser William II stationed a fleet at ---------- (JU-14)
a) Heligoland b) Aaland c) Jutland d) Ireland
3. France wanted to get back ---------
a) Alsace and Lorraine b) Bosnia and Herzegovina c) Austria and Hungary d) Estonia and Latvia
4. Austrian crown prince was ---------- (AP-13,15, MAR-17)
a) Francis Ferdinand b) Francis Duke c) Francis de Lesseps d) Francis Baycon
5. Austria declared war on Serbia on ----------- (JU-12)
a) 28th July 1914 b) 28th June 1914 c) 28th March 1914 d) 28th August 1914
6. Germany invaded France by crossing -------------
a) Nether Land b) Luxemburg c) Rhineland d) Belgium
7. Turkey extended her support to the ------------
a) Allied powers b) Axis Powers c) Central Powers d) Super powers
8. This expedition was an utter failure for the British -----------
a) German expedition b) French expedition c) Dardanelles expedition d) Cuban expedition
9. The famous American merchant ship sunk by Germany --------- (AP-12, SE-13,MAR-16)
a) Luftwaffe b) Royal c) Lusitania d) Berlin
10. In Russia the Czarist government was over thrown by ----------
a) Lenin b) Karl Mark c) Martov d) Stalin
11. German battle cruiser was destroyed in the battle of ----------
a) Jutland b) Dogger bank c) North Sea d) Baltic Sea
12. Germany sued for peace on -------------
a) Nov. 11, 1918 b) Nov. 21, 1918 c) Nov. 12, 1918 d) Nov. 22, 1918
13. The First World War came to an end by the -------------- (SE-12)
a) London Peace Conference b) Rome Peace Conference
c) Berlin Peace Conference d) Paris Peace Conference
14. The League of Nations was officially founded in ------------
a) March 7, 1930 b) March 2nd 1928 c) Jan. 20, 1920 d) Jan. 20, 1924
A) 1. Clemenceau - a. Britain
2. Orlando - b. France
3. Lloyd George - c. Germany
4. Woodrow Wilson (JU-13,OCT-16) - d. Austria
5. Kaiser William - II - e. Russia
- f. America
- g. Italy
Answers : 1.b 2. g 3. a 4. f 5. c
B) 1. Treaty of Versailles (SE-14,15) - a. Romania
2. Treaty of Trianon - b. Turkey
3. Treaty of Neuilly - c. Italy
4. Treaty of Serveres (JU-13) - d. Hungary
5. Treaty of St.Germaine - e. Austria
- f. Germany
- g. Bulgaria
Answers: 1. f 2. d 3. g 4. b 5. e
3. ECONOMIC DEPRESSION
1. The Great Economic Depression began in ---------- (SE-13,15)
a) England b) U.S.A. c) France d) Germany
2. In 1929, the American President was ---------------
a) Theodore Roosevelt b) Woodrow Wilson c) Herbert Hoover d) F.D. Roosevelt
3. The greatest craze in America was ------------
a) Trade b) Gambling c) Cinema d) Share Market
4. FD Roosevelt assumed office on ------------
a) March 4, 1933 b) March 4, 1993 c) April 6, 1933 d) April 6, 1943
5. There were normal economic activities in the USA by ---------
a) 1930 b) 1940 c) 1950 d) 1945

A) 1. Share market collapse - a. Banks and industries
2. Reconstruction Finance Corporation - b. Loans
3. Economic Depression - c. License to stock exchange
4. Federal Reserve Bank (AP-14,JU-16) - d. Compensation to formers
5. The Security Exchange Act - e. Speculation on borrowed money
- f. 1929
Answers : 1. e 2. a 3. f 4. b 5. c
4. FASCISM IN ITALY 1922 – 1945

1. The founder of the Fascist Party was ----------- (SE-12)
a) Adolf Hitler b) Benito Mussolini c) Stalin d) Lenin
2. Mussolini organized the National Fascist Party in -------------
a) Nov. 1921 b) Dec. 1921 c) Jan. 1921 d) Feb. 1921
3. Mussolini provided a -----------
a) Democratic Government b) Communist Government c) Stable Government d) Republican Government
4. The great relief was provided to the workers by ----------
a) ILO b) Factory Act c) Charter of Labour d) Trade Unions
5. Mussolini made common cause with -----------
a) Churchill b) Hitler c) Stalin d) Lenin
6. Mussolini left the League of Nations in --------------
a) 1931 b) 1932 c) 1935 d) 1937
A. 1. Duce (SE-15,MAR-16,JU-16) - a. Secret Police of Mussolini
2. Black Shirts (AP-13,15,MAR-17) - b. 1922
3. OVRA (JU-14) - c. 1924
4. March to Rome - d. Mussolini
5. Capturing of Albania - e. Mussolini’s followers
- f. 1939
Answers : 1. d 2. e 3. a 4. b 5. f
5. NAZISM IN GERMANY 1933 – 1945

1. A democratic constitution with the federal structure was established by a National Assembly met at --
a) Berlin b) Weimer c) Frankfurt d) Finland
2. The Allied armies occupied the resources rich ----------
a) Rhineland b) Sudetenland c) Greenland d) Finland
3. Hitler’s anti-Semitism grew to the extent of killing the ----------
a) Aryans b) Mongolians c) Jews d) Australians
4. For some time, Hitler was a ---------- (SE-14)
a) Painter b) Tailor c) Teacher d) Banker
5. In 1941, Hitler invaded ----------
a) Russia b) France c) Prussia d) Persia
6. The Allies were strengthened by the entry of -----------
a) Austria b) America c) Finland d) Poland
A) 1. Brown shirts - a. Nazi Emblem
2. Fuhrer (JU-13) - b. My struggle
3. Swastika (AP-14) - c. Leader
4. Gestapo - d. Chancellor
5. Mein Kampf (OC-16) - e. Followers of Hitler
- f. Governor
- g. Hitler’s Secret Police
Answers : 1. e 2. c 3. a 4. g 5. b
6. SECOND WORLD WAR 1939 – 1945
1. This treaty contained the seeds of the Second World War -------- (JU-12)
a) Treaty of Versailles b) Treaty of Rome c) Treaty of London d) Treaty of Aix-la-chappale
2. The coal mines given to France were ----------
a) Jharia b) Saar c) Bokaro d) Raniganj
3. The country emerged as a World Power after the First World War was ---------- (AP-12)
a) China b) Japan c) India d) Korea
4. The principles of war and conquests was glorifed by ------------
a) Moderates b) Extremists c) Dictators d) Revolutioners
5. In September, 1938 Hitler threatened a war on ----------
a) Yugoslavia b) Poland c) Finland d) Czechoslovakia
6. Hitler demanded the surrender of -------------
a) Tannenburg b) Danzig c) Jutland d) Estonia
7. Blitzkrieg means a ---------- (AP-13,JU-16)
a) Lightning war b) Trench warfare c) Sub maraine warfare d) Guerilla warfare
8. The British Prime Minister during the Second World War was ---------- (SE-12)
a) Sir Winston Churchill b) Clement Atlee c) Margaret Thatcher d) Lloyd George
9. Hitler signed the Non – Aggression Pact with -----------
a) Gorbachev b) Borisyeltin c) Stalin d) Lenin
Match the following :

A) 1. Scorched Earth Policy - a. Germany
2. ‘U’ Boats - b.Theodore Roosevelt
3. Luftwaffe - c. England
4. Royal Air Force - d. China
5. Atlantic Charter (AP-14) - e. Russia
- f. F.D. Roosevelt
- g. German Submarines
Answers : 1. e 2. g 3. a 4. c 5. f
7. THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION
1. The UNO was established in -------------
a) 1955 b) 1945 c) 1965 d) 1975
2. The UN Charter was signed at ------------
a) New York b) Geneva c) San Francisco d) California
3. UNO’s main deliberative body is ------------
a) The General Assembly b) The Secretariat c) The Security Council d) The Trusteeship Council
4. The Seat of International Court of Justice is at -----------
a) The Hague b) Berlin c) Rome d) Tokyo
5. The United Nations celebrated its 50th Anniversary in the year -----------
a) 1985 b) 2005 c) 1995 d) 1975
A) 1. New York (AP-13, SE-14,JU-16,MAR-17) - a. Negative vote
2. Veto (MAR-16) - b. 1963
3. Present Secretary General of UNO(JU-12,15,OC-16) - c. 1969
4. NTBT - d. Head quarters of the UNO
5. CTBT - e. Mr. Kofi Annan
- f. 1996
- g. Mr. Antonio Guterres
Answers : 1. d 2. a 3. g 4. b 5. f
8. EUROPEAN UNION
1. European Union traces its origin from the ------------
a) ECSC b) EEC c) EURATOM d) ETC
2. EURATOM was established by the ----------
a) Treaty of Nanking b) Treaty of London c) Treaty of Rome d) Treaty of Versailles
3. The Council of the European Union is sometimes referred to as the ------------
a) Council of traders b) Council of farmers c) Council of consumers d) Council of Ministers
4. The first permanent President of the European Council is -----------
a) Ramsay Mac Donald b) Herman Van Rampay c) Mrs. Vijayalakshmi Pandit d) Bismark
5. Euro zones monetary policy is governed by --------------
a) European Central Bank b) Reserve Bank c) State Bank d) Swiz Bank
6. The name of the single European currency ---------- (AP-15)
a) Dollar b) Yen c) Euro d) Pounds
7. The EU has established a strong relationship with the ----------
a) USA b) USSR c) UNO d) UAE
A) 1. Merger Treaty - a. French Foreign Minister
2. EURO - b. Court of Auditors
3. Robert Schuman - c. 2002
4. Jean Monnet - d. Court of Justice
5. EU budgets - e. French politician
- f. 1967
- g. 2007
Answers : 1. f 2. c 3. a 4. e 5. b
9. THE GREAT REVOLT OF 1857

1. The British historians call the revolt of 1857 as ----------- (JU-13)
a) Military revolt b) The great revolt c) War of Independence d) Freedom struggle
2. Indian historians describe the Revolt of 1857 as ---------- (AP-14,JU-16)
a) Sepoy Mutiny b) The great revolt c) First War of Indian Independence d) Military revolt
3. During the great revolt of 1857 the Governor General of India was -------- (JU-12, JU-14)
a) Lord Lytton b) Lord Ripon c) Lord Canning d) Lord Wellesley
4. The peasants had to pay heavy ------------
a) land taxes b) tariffs c) revenue taxes d) service taxes
5. Resumption of rent free system was introduced by -------------
a) Lord Linlithgow b) Lord Dalhousie c) Lord Bentinck d) Lord Mount Batten
6. General Services Enlistment Act was passed in -------- (SE-14,MAR-17)
a) 1856 b) 1865 c) 1586 d) 1685
7. The first sign of unrest appeared at ------------- (JU-15,SE-14)
a) Meerut b) Barailley c) Barrackpore d) Lucknow
8. The Sepoys broke out into open revolt at ------------
a) Meerut b) Barrackpore c) Barailley d) Kanpur
9. The wife of Nawab of Oudh was --------------
a) Mumtaj Mahal b) Fathima Begum c) Begum Hazarat Mahal d) Sultana Razia
10. After 1857 revolt the Governor General of India was designated as -----------
a) Viceroy of India b) Ruler of India c) Governor of India d) Minister of India
A) 1. Mangal Pandey(SE-15) - a. Kanpur
2. Bahadur Shah II - b. Lucknow
3. Nana Saheb - c. Central India
4. Begum Hazarat Mahal - d. Arrah
5. Rani Lakshmi Bai (SE-12,MAR-16) - e. Barrackpore
- f. Vellore
- g. Delhi
Answers : 1. e 2. g 3. a 4. b 5. c
B) 1. Rani Lakshmi Bai (SE-12, JU-15) - a. Mughal Emperor

2. Bahadur Shah II - b. Colin Campbell
3. The Great Revolt - c. Jhansi
4. Lucknow - d. Magna Carta
5. Queen Victoria’s Proclamation - e. 1856
(AP-15,JU-13) - f. 1854
- g. 1857
Answers : 1. c 2. a 3. g 4. b 5. d
10. REFORM MOVEMENTS IN 19TH CENTURY

1. The pioneer of the reform movements was ---------- (SE-12,15, AP-13)
a) Raja Rammohan Roy b) Swami Dayanandha Saraswathi c) Keshab Chandra Sen d) Devendranath Tagore
2. Lord William Bentinck Passed an Act in 1829 to abolish Sati due to the efforts of -----------
a) Mrs. Annie Besant b) Swami Vivekanandha c) Raja Rammohan Roy d) Lala Hansraj
3. Swami Dayanandha Saraswathi started the -------------
a) Brahma Samaj b) Arya Samaj c) Prarthana Samaj d) Aligarh movement
4. The headquarters of the Rama Krishna Mission is at ----------- (AP-15)
a) Kanchipuram b) Belur c) Melur d) Hampi
5. Vallalar’s devotional songs are complied in a volume called ------------- (MAR-16)
a) Devaram b) Thiru Vasagam c) Ettuthogai d) Thiru Arutpa
6. Sir Syed Ahamed Khan started the ----------------
a) Aligarh Movement b) Theosophical Society c) Samarasa Suddha Sanmarga Sangam d) Muslim League
7. Sir Syed Ahamed Khan started a school at -----------
a) Alipore b) Allepey c) Ghazipur d) Kanpur
8. A great socialist reformer from Kerala is ----------
a) Sree Narayana Guru b) Guru Prasad c) Guru Nanak d) Guru Sai
A) 1. Herald of New Age (SE-15,JU-16) - a. Swami Dayanandha Saraswathi
2. Martin Luther of Hinduism (AP-13,MAR-17)- b. Ramakrishna Mission
3. New India (AP-12, 14,SE-12, 14,) - c. Mrs. Annie Besant
4. Photo Voltoic Lighting System - d. Ramalinga Adigal
5. Vallalar (JU-14) - e. Dr. Dharmambal
- f. Raja Rammohan Roy
Answers : 1. f 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. d
11. FREEDOM MOVEMENT PHASE - I (1885 – 1919)

1. The Unification of the country was brought by the British ----------
a) Imperialism b) Politics c) Conquests d) Negotiations
2. The language of the educated Indians was -----------
a) French b) English c) Hindi d) Bengali
3. The religious and social reformers prepared the ground for the rise of -----------
a) Nationalism b) Revolution c) Mutiny d) Rebellion
4. The policies of the Moderates were described by the Extremists as ------------
a) Political Mendicancy b) Subsidiaries c) Mandatories d) Open door policy
5. Open split in the Congress occurred in the sessions held at -----------
a) Surat b) Lahore c) Tripura d) Madras
6. The Minto-Morley Reforms Act introduced separate electorate for the -----------
a) Hindus b) Muslims c) Sikhs d) Christians
7. Home Rule League in Bombay was formed by ---------- (JU-12, 13)
a) Nehru b) Mrs. Annie Besant c) Tilak d) Bharathiar

A. 1. Iswar Chandra Vidhya Sagar - a. Patriotic writer
2. Subramania Bharathi - b. Of one’s own country
3. Swadeshi - c. Bala Gangadhar Tilak
4. New India (AP-12, 14, SE-12, 14) - d. Religious and Social Reformer
5. Kesari (SE-14) - e. Mrs. Annie Besant
- f. Young India
- g. Bipin Chandra Pal
Answers : 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. e 5. c
12. FREEDOM MOVEMENT PHASE - II (1920 – 1947)

1. Gandhiji advocated a new technique in our freedom struggle -----------
a) Sathyagraha b) Gasnost c) Long March d) Violence
2. C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the ------------ party
a) Khadar b) Indian National Congress c) Swarajya d) Akalidal
3. The Indian Constitution came into force on -----------
a) January. 26, 1950 b) February 26, 1950 c) August 26, 1950 d) March.26, 1950
4. In 1932, the British Government announced a scheme known as ----------
a) Mid-day meals b) Open University c) Adult Education d) Communal Award
5. The British Viceroy responsible for involving Indians in the Second World War was -------- (JU-15)
a) Canning b) Dalhousie c) Linlithgow d) Litton
6. To form the interim Government, Nehru sought the help of ----------
a) Abul Kalam Azad b) Jinnah c) Salimullahkhan d) Khan Abdul Ghaffarkhan
7. First and last Indian Governor General of India is ------------
a) Lord Mount Batten b) Nehru c) C. Rajagopalachari d) Kamaraj
8. The task of unifying Indian states was undertaken by -----------
a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkhar b) Rajendraprasad c) Rajaji d) Sardar Vallabhbai Patel
9. First President of India is ---------- (MAR-17)
a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad b) Gandhiji c) Dr. Radhakrishnan d) Sathyamoorthy
A) 1. Sardar Vallabhbai Patel - a. Dutch territories
2. Pondicherry (SE-13) - b. Drafting Committee
3. Goa - c. First Governor General of free India
4. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (SE-13) - d. Bismarck of India
5. Lord Mount Batten - e. Portuguese Possession
- f. French possession
- g. British territories
Answers : 1. d 2. f 3. e 4. b 5. c
B) 1. Motilal Nehru - a. Uttar Pradesh

2. Chauri Chaura (MAR-16) - b. Swarajya Party
3. Lion of Punjab (JU-13, AP-15) - c. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
4. Communal Award (JU-14) - d. Lala Lajpat Rai
5. Frontier Gandhi (SE-13) - e. Ramsay Mac Donald
- f. Bhagat Singh
- g. Muslim League
Answers : 1. b 2. a 3. d 4. e 5. c
13. TAMIL NADU FREEDOM MOVEMENT

1. Indian soliders were instigated by the sons of -----------
a) Hyder Ali b) Tipu Sultan c) Shivaji d) Shajahan
2. The first organization in the Madras Presidency to agitate for the rights of people was the ----------
a) Indian National Congress b) Muslim League c) Swarajya Party d)Madras Native Association
3. The first President of the Madras Mahajana Sabha was --------------
a) P. Rangaiah Naidu b) Rajaji c) Kamaraj d) Bharathiar
4. At Vedaranyam, the Salt law was broken by ------- (AP-14,JU-16,OC-16)
a) T.S. Rajan b) Bakthavachalam c) Rajagopalachari d) V.O.C
5. In 1908, Bharathiar organized a huge public meeting to celebrate ----------
a) Swaraj day b) Birth Day c) Republic day d) Service day
6. Faced with the prospectus of arrest by the British, Bharathi escaped to ---------
a) Chennai b) Bangalore c) Hyderabad d) Pondicherry
7. The Head quarters of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee is named as -----------
a) Raj Bhavan b) Rashtra pathi Bhavan c) Sathyamurti Bhavan d) Vidhan Sabha
8. In 1940, Kamaraj went to Wardha to meet ------------
a) Nehru b) Gandhiji c) Tilak d) Jinnah
9. Kamaraj served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for ------------
a) 9 years b) 8 years c) 10 years d) 7 years
10. Kamaraj was famous for policy ----------- (SE-15)
a) ‘S’ plan b) ‘L’ Plan c) ‘K’ plan d) ‘J’ plan
A) 1. Swadeshi Exhibition - a. Sepoy mutiny
2. Chanakya (SE-13) - b. Kamaraj
3. King maker (JU-14,15) - c. Poondi Reservoir
4. Satya murti - d. Vellore mutiny
5. Fateh Hyder - e. Rajaji
- f. Periyar E.V.R.
- g. Madras Mahajana Sabha
Answers : 1. g 2. e 3. b 4. c 5. d
14. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION IN TAMIL NADU

1. South Indian Liberal Federation is otherwise known as the ------------
a) Dravidan Party b) Janantha Party c) Telugu Desam d) Justice Party
2. Periyar transformed the Justice Party into ------------
a) Akalidal b) Pattali Makkal Kazhagam c) Dravidar Kazhagam d) Swarajaya
3. The greatest social reformer of Tamil Nadu ---------- (SE-13, AP-15)
a) E.V. Ramasamy b) Nehru c) Gandhiji d) Raja Rammohan Roy
4. Vaikam is a place in -------------- (AP-14,OC-16)
a) Tamil Nadu b) Andra Pradesh c) Karnataka d) Kerala
5. C.N. Annadurai was affectionately called as -----------------
a) Chacha b) Nethaji c) Anna d) Periyar
6. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam was founded by -------------
a) C.N. Annadurai b) M. Karunanidhi c) K. Kamaraj d) M.G. Ramachandran
7. C.N. Annadurai was conferred Doctorate by ----------
a) Anna University b) Annamalai University c) Manipal University d) Bharathiar University
8. Due to Dr. Muthulakshmi’s good efforts the cancer institute was started at ----------
a) Anna Nagar b) Chengalpattu c) Kanchipuram d) Adyar
9. All India women conference was organized at ---------- (SE-14)
a) Pune b) Bombay c) Thane d) Satara
10. Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy started an orphanage known as ---------
a) Anbu Illam b) Saraswathi Illam c) Avvai Illam d) Lakshmi Illam
11. Dr. S. Dharmambal started an agitation for the cause of Tamil teachers called --------- (JU-15)
a) Nalla varam b) Hindi varam c) Tamil Varam d) Elavu Varam
12. Moovalur Ramamirdham was born in ------------
a) 1885 b) 1887 c) 1889 d) 1883
A) 1. Justice (JU-14) - a. E.V.Ramasamy Periyar
2. Vaikam Hero (AP-15,JU-12, SE-12,13,MAR-17) - b. Dr. S.Dharmambal
3. Devadasi system (JU-12, SE-12) - c. Moovalur Ramamirtham
4. Veera Tamilannai (AP-12, 14, SE-14,MAR-16,OC-16)- d. T.M. Nair
5. Justice Party (AP-12, AP-13,JU-16,MAR-17) - e. Sathyamurti
- f. Dr. Muthu Lakshmi Reddy
- g. English News paper
Answers : 1. g 2. a 3. f 4. b 5. d
ONE MARK QUESTIONS - GEOGRAPHY
1. INDIA - LOCATION AND PHYSIOGRAPHY

1. The Bay of Bengal is located to the ------------ of India
a) West b) South c) South-east d) South-west
2. Palk Strait separates India from ------------ (JU-15,SE-12,13,MAR-17)
a) Sri Lanka b) Myanmar c) Maldives d) Lakshadweep
3. The most centrally located meridian of India passes through ------------ (AP-12,15,JU-13)
a) Ahmedabad b) Allahabad c) Hyderabad d) Auranghabad
4. The highest peak in the world is ------------
a) Mt. Everest b) Nanda Devi c) Mt.Kanchenjunga d) Dhaulagiri
5. The source of river Ganga is ------------ (AP-12,14,MAR-16,JU-16)
a) Yamunotri b) Siachen c) Gangotri d) Karakoram
6. The Himalayas are known as ---------- (JU-12)
a) Abode of snow b) Himachal c) Siwalik d) Himadri
A. 1. Pilgrim centre (AP-14, JU-14,16) - a. Sahayadri
2. Terai Plain - b. Vembanad
3. Western Ghats in Karnataka - c. Deccan
4. Lava Plateau (SE-15,MAR-16,OC-16) - d. Kedarnath
5. Largest lake in Kerala - e. Marshy Land
- f. Chilka Lake
- g. Tsangpo
Answers : 1. d 2. e 3. a 4. c 5. b
2. INDIA - CLIMATE
1. India experiences ---------- (SE-13)
a) Temperate climate b) Tropical Monsoon Climate c) Tropical Climate d) Cold Climate
2. The Coastal areas enjoy ---------- climate (SE-15)
a) Continental b) Equable c) Humid d) Hot
3. The place that gets rain from Western disturbance is -----------
a) Punjab b) Mumbai c) Allahabad d) Chennai
4. The mountains which lie parallel to the direction of the Southwest Monsoon wind is ---------- (OC-16)
a) Aravali b) Satpura c) Vindhya d) Maikala Range
5. The local storms in the northeastern part of India during hot weather season are called -----------
a) Norwesters b) Loo c) Mango showers d) Monsoon
A. 1. Burst of Monsoon - a. December - February
2. Norwesters (SE -12) - b. October - November
3. Water conservation activities - c. Northern and northwestern part of India
4. The North East Monsoon Season (SE-14) - d. Local storms in northeast India
5. Highest rainfall place (JU-13,15,AP-15,MAR-17)- e. June - September
- f. Mawsynram (Shillang Plateau)
- g. Involvement of local people
Answers : 1. e 2. d 3. g 4. b 5. f
3. INDIA - NATURAL RESOURCES

1. The soil found in the Arid zone is known as ----------- (SE-12, JU-13,OC-16)
a) Desert soil b) Laterite soil c) Black Soil d) Alluvial Soil
2. The Monsoon forests are otherwise called as ----------- (AP-14,JU-16)
a) Tropical evergreen forest b) Deciduous forest c) Mangrove forest d) Mountain forest
3. Which one of the following mineral is contained in the monazite sand? (AP-13, SE-14, AP-15)
a) Oil b) Uranium c) Thorium d) Coal
A. 1. Black soil (AP-12, 14, JU-12,SE-14,OC,JU-16,MAR-17) - a. Petroleum
2. Lignite (AP-12,13, JU-14,SE-15) - b. Cotton cultivation
3. Mangrove forest (AP-15,JU-12,15 SE-12) - c. Neyveli
4. Renewable resources - d. Sundarban
5. Non renewable resources - e. Sun
- f. Paddy
- g. A type of iron ore
Answers : 1. b 2. c 3. d 4. e 5. a
4. INDIA - AGRICULTURE
1. Paddy is grown well in the ------------ (JU-13,15,AP-12)
a) black soil b) laterite soil c) alluvial soil d) red soil
2. Tea and Coffee crops are grown well on the ------------ (AP-14,SE-15)
a) Mountain slopes b) Plain c) Coastal plain d) River Valleys
3. The crop that grows in drought is ------------(SE-15,MAR-17)
a) rice b) wheat c) jute d) millets
4. Cotton is a ------------ (JU-14,SE-14)
a) Food crop b) Cash crop c) Plantation crop d) Millets
5. The staple food crops are ------------
a) rice and wheat b) coffee and tea c) cotton and Jute d) fruits and vegetables
A. 1. Wheat (AP-14,SE-13,MAR-16) - a. West Bengal
2. Sugarcane (SE-13,OC-16) - b. Kerala
3. Apple (JU-14,SE-13) - c. Uttarpradesh
4. Rubber (SE-13,MAR-17) - d. Punjab
5. Jute (AP-13,14,SE-12, 13) - e. Himachal Pradesh
- f. Tamil Nadu
- g. Karnataka
Answers : 1. d 2. c 3. e 4. b 5. a
5. INDIA - INDUSTRIES
1. Cotton textile industry is ----------
a) Mineral based Industry b) Agro based Industry c) Forest based Industry d) Software Industry
2. Manchester of India is ---------- (AP-13, JU-14,15, SE-12, 14,MAR-16,JU-16)
a) Delhi b) Chennai c) Mumbai d) Kolkata
3. Tata iron and steel industry is located at ---------- (JU-13,SE-15)
a) Durgapur b) Bhilai c) Jamshedpur d) Burnpur
4. Chotta Nagpur Plateau is noted for --------- (SE-13,OC-16)
a) Natural Vegetation b) Mineral resource c) Alluvial Soil d) Cotton Cultivation
5. The City known as Electronic Capital is ---------- (AP-12,15)
a) Kanpur b) Delhi c) Bengaluru d) Madurai

A) 1. Jute Industry (AP-13,15,SE-12, 13,15,JU-16) - a. Chennai
2. Automobile Industry - b. Gujarat
3. Software Industry (JU-15,MAR-16) - c. Mumbai
4. Iron and Steel Industry - d. West Bengal
5. Sugar bowl of India (JU-13) - e. Chotta Nagpur region
- f. Bengaluru
- g. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
Answers : 1. d 2. a 3. f 4. e 5. g
6. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
1. Natural nutrient enrichment of streams and lakes is ---------------
a) Water pollution b) Eutrophication c) Air pollution d) Noise pollution
2. The main causes for air pollution ----------- (SE-15)
a) Vehicular emission b) Volcanic eruption c) Thermal power plants d) Eutrophication
3. The main cause for the environmental problems in India is -----------
a) Moderate density of population b) high density of population
c) Very high density of population d) low density of population
7. INDIA - TRADE, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
1. Trade carried on within the domestic territory of a country is known as ----------- trade
a) External b) Foreign c) Internal d) International
2. Trade blocs are created to make the ----------- trade easier
a) Multi Lateral b) Bilateral c) Unilateral d) Local
3. Cost efficient and most popular mode of transport in our country is --------- (MAR-16,OC-16)
a) Airways b) Road ways c) Waterways d) Railways
4. The headquarters of Indian Railways is --------- (AP-13, SE-14, AP-15)
a) Mumbai b) New Delhi c) Nagpur d) Chennai
5. The costliest and most modern means of transport is ---------- (SE-12, AP-14,MAR-17)
a) Air Transport b) Road Transport c) Water Transport d) Rail Transport
A. 1. Village Roads (AP-13, 15,JU-14, SE-14,15) - a. New Delhi
2. District Roads - b. Mumbai
3. Central Railways (JU-14) - c. Chennai
4. Southern Railways (AP-12, 13, 14, JU-12, SE-12,14,OC-16,MAR-17) - d.Village Panchayat
5. Northern Railways (AP-12, JU-12,13,MAR-16,JU-16) - e.Municipalities and Corporations
- f. Hyderabad
Answers : 1. d 2. e 3. b 4. c 5. a
8. REMOTE SENSING
1. Maps created by using aerial photographs are called ------------ maps (JU-15)
a) Ortho photo b) Aerial Photo c) Physical d) Political
2. The Object under study is known as --------------
a) Target b) Source c) Sensor d) Image
3. The device to detect the Electro Magnetic Radiation is ------------
a) Target b) Sensor c) Object d) Camera
A. 1. Ground Survey - a. USA
2. Remote Sensing (AP-14,JU-16) - b. Many Months
3. Hot air balloon (AP-12, JU-12, SE-14,OC-16) - c. systematic aerial images
4. Airplanes - d. French Map Makers
5. TIROS (AP-13,15,JU-13, SE-12) - e. Short span of time
- f. Geographical Information System
- g. Global Positioning System
Answers : 1. b 2. e 3. d 4. c 5. a
ONE MARK QUESTIONS - CIVICS
1. INDIA AND WORLD PEACE
1. India is a country with an unbounded faith in ----------- (AP-13,15 JU-15,SE-14,15)
a) War b) Peace c) Love d) Enmity
2. Pt.Jawaharlal Nehru’s five principles of peace are named as ---------- (AP-12,JU-12,SE-12,MAR-16)
a) Swadeshi b) New Deal c) Pancha sheel d) Apartheid
3. Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed in --------- (JU-14)
a) 1963 b) 1993 c) 1936 d) 1998
4. India brought a resolution in the UN General Assembly in favour of disarmament in --------(OC-16)
a) 1965 b) 1956 c) 1995 d) 1976
5. Apartheid was abolished in ---------
a) 1990 b) 1991 c) 1890 d) 1989
6. The first Secretary General of SAARC was ------- (AP-14,MAR-17)
a) Jinnah b) Abul Ahsan c) Kofi Annan d) Gandhiji
2. DEMOCRACY
1. The most popular form of Government in modern days ------------ (OC-16)
a) Monarchy b) Oligarchy c) Democracy d) Hirarchy
2. Direct democracy existed in ancient -----------
a) Greece b) Italy c) Sardinia d) Cyprus
3. Telugu Desam is a ----------
a) Regional Party b) National Party c) International Party d) Cultural Party
4. If two parties exist in a country, it is called -------------
a) Single party system b) Bi-party system c) Multi party system d) Regional party system
5. The opposition party leader will be given the status of a ----------
a) Cabinet Minister b) Deputy Minister c) Minister of State d) Council of Minister
6. To vote an election a person should be above the age of ----------- (AP-15)
a) 21 b) 18 c) 25 d) 35
7. The body of the elected representative at the Central level is known as ------------
a) Legislature b) Supreme Court c) House of command d) Parliament
8. The status of election commissioner is equivalent to that of the ---------- (AP-14,JU-16)
a) High court judge b) Supreme court judge c) District court judge d) Magistrate
9. The election process in the state level is supervised by ---------- (SE-15)
a) Chief Election Commissioner b) Chief Electoral officer
c) Supreme court judge d) High court judge
10. Election Commission of India is situated at --------- (AP-12, 13,JU-15, SE-12,14,MAR-16)
a) Chennai b) Mumbai c) Moradabad d) New Delhi
3. UNITY IN DIVERSITY
1. The ancient religion of our country is -------------
a) Vedic religion (Hinduism) b) Christianity c) Islam d) Zorastrianism
2. Recognised official languages of India ---------- (JU-13)
a) 25 b) 23 c) 22 d) 27
3. Language is, the means of ----------- (JU-12)
a) Transport b) Irrigation c) Communication d) Spirituality
4. Thembavani is related to ----------- (SE-13,MAR-17)
a) Hinduism b) Sikhism c) Christianity d) Islam
5. Buddha Poornima is celebrated by the ---------- (SE-15)
a) Hindus b) Muslims c) Jains d) Buddhist
6. They play an important part in fostering unity and integration ----------
a) Music and Dance b) Art and Architecture c) Food and Customs d) Dress and Habits
4. CONSUMER RIGHTS
1. A person one who gives final utility to a commodity is ------------ (JU-13,15)
a) Producer b) Consumer c) Shop keeper d) Farmer
2. The customer are exploited by the ---------- (SE-14,MAR-17)
a) Carpenters b) Farmers c) Tailors d) Traders
3. The Right to Information Act was passed by the parliament on -------- (AP-13, SE-12,JU-16)
a) 12th Oct.2005 b) 21st Oct.2005 c) 12th Oct.2006 d) 21st Oct.2006
4. World consumer day is celebrated on ----------- (AP-12,14, JU-12, SE-13,MAR-16,OC-16)
a) March 15 b) March 16 c) March 14 d) March 11
5. The Magnacarta of consumers ----------- (AP-15)
a) WHO b) COPRA c) EXNORA d) FAO
6. One of the planning schemes to create awareness among the consumers ------------
a) Vana Mahotsava b) Operation 21 c) Trade fair d) Rajarajan 1000
ONE MARK QUESTIONS - ECONOMICS

1. NATIONAL INCOME
1. National Income is otherwise called --------------- (JU-12,13,14)
a) Real Income b) Money Income c) Nominal Income d) Gross National Product
2. National Income of a country can be calculated by ---------- (AP-12,MAR-17)
a) 2 methods b) 3 methods c) 4 methods d) 5 methods
3. Net National Product ------------
a) GNP (-) Depreciation b) Net domestic product (-) Depreciation
c) Percapita Income (-) Depreciation d) Gross domestic product (-)Depreciation
4. India’s percapita Income is ------------ (AP-14,SE-12,MAR-16)
a) 220 dollars b) 950 dollars c) 2930 dollars d) 600 dollars
5. Primary sector consists of ------------ (AP-13,15,JU-15,SE-15)
a) Trade b) Construction c) Agriculture d) Telecommunication
6. National Income is a measure of -----------------
a) Total value of money b) Total value of food grains
c) Total value of Industrial products d) Total value of goods & services
7. Expenditure method estimates national income from the----------
a) Output side b) Income side c) Expenditure side d) Savings side
8. Income method sums all forms of --------------
a) Expenditure b) Income c) Savings d) Investment
9. Percapita Income is an Indicator of ------------ (SE-13,OC-16)
a) Richness of People b) Poverty of People
c) Living Standard of people d) Literacy of people
10. Primary Sector Contribution to National Income in India is --------------- (SE-14)
a) 15.8% b) 25.8% c) 58.4% d) 12.8%
2. INDIAN ECONOMY AFTER INDEPENDENCE
1. Five year plan in India was borrowed from ------------ (SE-14)
a) Soviet Russia b) United States of America c) United kingdom d) United Arab Emirates
2. Eleventh Five Year Plan Period is ---------- (AP-15)
a)1956-1961 b) 1997-2002 c) 2002-2007 d) 2007-2012
3. Chairman of Planning Commission of India (Niti Aayog) is --------- (SE-12, JU-14,15,MAR-17)
a) President of India b) Prime Minister of India c) Finance Minister of India d) Vice President of India
4. Planning Commission of India was setup in the year ---------- (AP-12, 13, 14, JU-12, SE-14,MAR-16)
a)1962 b) 1950 c) 1956 d) 1949
5. Nehru decided that India would be a ----------- (SE-13)
a) Mixed Economy b) Socialist Economy c) Capitalist Economy d) Money Economy
6. Green revolution was introduced in the year --------- (AP-13, JU-14,MAR-17)
a) 1967 b) 1977 c) 1987 d) 1957
7. Bhoodan Movement was started by ---------- (AP-12, JU-12, JU-13, AP-14,MAR-16)
a) Jayaprakash Narayan b) Jawaharlal Nehru c) Acharya Vinobhabhave d) Dr.Rajendra Prasad
8. Which year has a special Significance in Indian Economy? (JU-13,SE-15)
a) 1981 b) 1991 c) 2001 d) 2010
9. The Organization which is responsible for research and development in the area of Satellite
and Communication is -----------
a) ICAR b) ICMR c) ISRO d) CSIR
10. As per 2011 census the literacy rate in India is ----------- (SE-12)
a) 74.04 % b) 65.8% c) 66.8% d) 67.8%
TWO MARK QUESTIONS - HISTORY
1. Define Imperialism. (AP-14, JU-12, 13,16 14, MA-17, OC-16)
The term imperialism refers to
1. The policy of extending a country‟s rule over the others.
2. The aggressive behaviour of one state against another.
3. A country‟s domination over the political and economic interest of another nation to exploit its
natural resources.
2. What is Colonialism ? (AP-12, JU-15,SE-12,14, MAR-16)
1. Colonialism refers to the policy of acquiring and maintaining colonies especially for exploitation.
2. It also means that it is a relationship between an indigenous majority and minority of foreign invaders.
3. Colonialism is a practice of the concept of Imperialism.
3. Write about Military Imperialism. (AP-13)
1. Ruling a country directly by the military forces called Military Imperialism.
2. For example the USA‟s invasion against Iraq with its military power.
3. It forced it to have another sort of government favourable to the U.S.A.
4. How do you say that the Industrial Revolution is an important cause for the rise of Imperialism?
1. Increase in production, demand of raw materials and new markets resulted in the rise of Imperialism.
2. Progress in the means of transport and communication, the development of railways and the
Telegraph system also resulted in the rise of imperialism.
3. The protective trade policy and the Capitalist outlook gave an advance effect to trade in Europe.
4. These causes forced Europeans to find new markets in Asian and African continents and led to the
rise of Imperialism.
5. What do you know about economic or tariff control?
1. In some other cases the powerful nation could take over the complete charge of the finances of a
weak and backward region or its tariff system.
2. For example before World War-I, the Turkish economic system was actually controlled by the
Ottoman Public Debt Administration.
6. Write a short note on Mandate system.
1. Mandate system was the last form of the New Imperialism.
2. It emerged at the Paris Peace Conference (1919) by General Jan Smut of South Africa.
3. Most of the former colonies and other backward regions were assigned to the League of Nations.
4. The League delegated its authority to various states as its agents or “Mandatories”.
7. What were causes for the first opium war?
1. The British sold opium for Chinese goods or even for gold.
2. But the Chinese felt that their peace was disturbed by the Europeans.
3. They charged high customs duties to curb the import of opium.
4. By 1800, the Chinese government forbade the importation of opium.
5. It resulted in the First Opium war in 1839.
8. How did China become an International Colony?
1. The U.S.A. and England formulated the “Open Door Policy” or “Me too policy”.
2. The Chinese territories were partitioned among the foreign powers for trade rights.
3. Thus China became an International Colony.
9. Write a note on Taiping Rebellion. (JU-13,SE-15)
1. After the first Opium war, the Americans, the French and other foreign countries signed treaties with China.
2. The Chinese rebelled against the native Manchu Kings and the foreigners in 1854.
3. This rebellion was known as Taiping Rebellion.
4. But it was suppressed.
1. Why did Germany need colonies? (JU-14)
1. Germany needed colonies not only as a sign of her world importance but also for her growing
population.
2. Germany also needed colonies for additional markets and raw materials.
3. In order to protect Germany he increased the strength of the army and stationed a fleet at Heligoland
in North Sea.
2. Write a note on Moroccan problem.
1. When France occupied Morocco, it was recognized by Britain.
2. Kaiser William II, the king of Germany objected the French and Spanish control of Morocco.
3. He demanded that an International Peace Conference should settle the Moroccan problem.
4. When Britain intervened, Germany withdraws the ships.
5. But he wanted to take revenge on Britain.
3. What was the immediate cause of the First World War? (AP-12, 14,JU-13,)
1. In June 28, 1914 Austrian crown prince Francis Ferdinand and his wife Isabella were
assassinated by a Serbian lad at Serajevo, the capital of Bosnia.
2. Austria sent an ultimatum to Serbia with humiliating terms.
3. When Serbia ignored the ultimatum, Austria declared war on Serbia on 28th July,1914.
4. This was the immediate cause for the First World War.
4. Explain war in the Eastern Front.

1. The Russian forces attacked both Germany and Austria.
2. The Russian force suffered a defeat at the battle of Tennenberg.
3. When Austria was facing a crises, Germany came to its aid.
4. It forced Russia to withdraw from the Austrian territories.
5. Write a short note on war on the sea.
1. In the battle of Dogger bank a German battle Cruiser was destroyed by the British
2. The Battle Jutland was fought on North Sea in 1916.
3. The British Supremacy on Sea defeated by German Navy.
4. Since the British navy was strong, Germany used submarines to sink the ships of the Allies.
6. Why did America enter into First World War? (SE-14,JU-15)
1. In 1917, Germany drowned four merchant ships of America including Lusitania with her
submarines.
2. More than hundred Americans died in this incident.
3. Hence on 6th April 1917, Woodrow Wilson declared war on Germany.
7. Mention any two terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
1. A huge war indemnity was imposed on Germany.
2. Her army was reduced and surrendered Alsace and Lorraine to France.
3. The Overseas possessions of Germany were divided among the victorious nations.
8. Write any two fundamental principles of the League of Nations.
1. It aimed to improve the unity among nations and keep peace and security in the world.
2. The member nations of the League should respect and safeguard the frontiers of the neighbouring
nations without indulging in acts of aggression.
9. What are the organs of the League of Nations? (AP-15,JU-12, 13, SE-12,MAR-17 )
1. The General Assembly
2. The Council
3. The Secretariat
4. An International Court of Justice
5. International Labour Organization
10. List out any two causes for the failure of the League of Nations. (SE-13)
1. The members of the League violated treaties after treaties.
2. The U.S.A which took a key role in the formation of the League was not member of the League.
3. The League never had a permanent force of army of its own.
1. What were the causes for the Great Economic Depression? (JU-12,MAR-16)
1. The collapse of American share market was the main cause for the Great Economic Depression.
2. The share market collapse was due to speculation on borrowed money.
2. Write a note on National Industrial Recovery Act. (AP-13, AP-15)
1. The National Industrial Recovery Act was formulated by F.D. Roosevelt.
2. It was passed to reform the conditions of the workers by raising wages and lowering their working hours.
3. What do you know about Agricultural Adjustment Act?
1. The Agricultural Adjustment Act was passed by the American president F.D. Roosevelt.
2. It provides compensation to farmers curtailed agricultural production thereby to raise prices.
1. What does the term “Fascism” mean ? (AP-12,15 SE-13,14,15,MAR-17)
1. The term ”Fascism” is derived from the Latin word “Fasces”.
2. It means a bundle or group.
3. Mussolini of Italy, who organized in the beginning groups of young persons or gangs called the Fasces.
4. Fasces created terror among the people who were considered enemies of the nation.
2. What were the four pillars of Fascism ? (JU-14,SE-12,MAR-16,JU-16)
1. Charismatic leadership.
2. Single party rule under a dictator.
3. Terror.
4. Economic control.
3. Trace the reasons for the rise of Fascism.
1. Due to war expenditure, the national debt increased manifold.
2. There was social unrest and economic distress in the country.
3. Cost of living rose very high, and Socialism gathered new strength.
4. The situation demanded a bold leader who was Mussolini with his Fascist party.
4. How did Mussolini seize power?
1. On October 30, 1922, the Fascists organized a march to Rome.
2. They showed their strength and the government surrendered.
3. The Emperor Victor Emanuel II invited Mussolini to form the government.
4. The fascists seized power without blood shed.
5. Write any two achievements of Mussolini.
1. Mussolini established peace and order and he provided a stable government.
2. He brought order and discipline in the industrial field. Under his rule a fair degree of self-
sufficiency was achieved.
6. How did he put an end to the conflict between the Pope and King?
1. In 1929 Mussolini signed the Latern Treaty with the Pope.
2. Through this treaty he eradicated the 60 years conflict between Papacy and the Italian Government.
3. By this treaty, Mussolini recognized the Papacy of the Pope in the Vatican city.
4. In turn the Pope recognised the sovereignty of the King in Rome.
1. What did Hitler declare? (JU-15)
Hitler became the Leader of Germany and declared,
“One people,
One State,
One Leader”.
2. What did he do in 1923? What was the result?
1. In 1923, he made an attempt to capture power.
2. It was known as Beer Hall Revolution.
3. But he failed and was arrested for high treason.
4. He was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment.
3. How did Hitler become a Chancellor of Germany?
1. In 1933, the Nazists became the largest party in the German Parliament and Hitler became the
Chancellor and Hindenburg as President.
2. On the death of President Hindenburg in August 1934, Hitler made himself the President and
Chancellor.
3. He abolished the Weimar Republic.
4. He proclaimed Third Reich with himself as dictator.
4. Write a brief note on Munich Agreement.
1. This agreement was signed between Neville Chamberlain and Hitler at Munich in 1938.
2. By this agreement Germany was allowed to annex Sudetenland but not to conquer any more territories.
3. In 1939, Hitler violated the Munich agreement by annexing the whole of Czechoslovakia.
4. It greatly alarmed Britain and France.
5. How did Hitler maintain the policy of the Nordic race?
1. Hitler boasted about the superiority of the Nordic race which stood for the rise of all great culture.
2. He wanted to maintain a German race with Nordic elements.
3. He ordered the Jews to be persecuted.

1. How do you say that Spirit of Nationalism is one of the causes for Second World War?
1. The concepts like Germany for the Germans.
2. Italy for the Italians emphasised nationalism.
3. Nationalism is indeed to develop one‟s love for country and to rise above regionalism.
4. But when it crosses the limit, it assumes alarming proportion.
2. How did Japan sow seeds for the Second World War?(SE-15)
1. Japan emerged as a world power after the First World War.
2. Japan developed in the industrial field and she had good economic development.
3. Japan joined Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis with Italy and Germany.
4. Thereby she sowed the seeds for Second World War.
3. Has Munich Pact brought peace for some time? How?
1. Hitler threatened to capture Czechoslovakia in September 1938.
2. The British Prime Minister Niville Chamberlain initiated talks with Hitler and signed the Munich Pact.
3. By this pact, Hitler promised not to take any more Czech territory.
4. Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister believed that he had achieved “Peace for our time”.
4. What was the immediate cause of the Second World War?

1. In1939, Hitler demanded from Poland, the right to construct a military road connecting East
Prussia and Germany through Polish Corridor.
2. He also demanded the surrender of Danzig.
3. When Poland refused, Hitler attacked Poland on 1st September1939.
4. Britain Declared war on Germany to protect Poland.
5. France was also joined with Britain.
5. Write a note on the Scorched Earth Policy. (AP-14, JU-14, SE-14,MAR-17)
1. When Hitler invaded Russia on 22nd June 1941 Stalin planned to evacuate the city.
2. Russians followed the Scorched Earth policy in the second world war.
3. They abandoned the villages and set fire to crops, roads, railways, factories and even houses.
4. So that the Germans could not gain anything.
6. Write a note on Battle of Britain.
1. Hitler sent his Luftwaffe (Air force) to drop bombs on Britain.
2. His “U” Boats (sub marines) torpedoed many British ships.
3. Air force continuously bombed London and other cities daily and this is called the Battle of
Britain.
4. The British suffered heavy losses, but Winston Churchill, managed to turn the air strike against
Germany.
7. Why did America declare War on Japan? (AP-12, SE-12,MAR-16)
1. The Japanese attacked American fleet stationed at Pearl Harbour on December 7th 1941.
2. This disastrous attack forced the Americans to enter into the war.
3. The very next day USA declared war on Japan.
1. What are the main objectives of the UNO? (JU-12, 15,SE-13)
1. To maintain international peace and security.
2. To develop friendly relations among nations.
3. To settle international disputes by peaceful means.
4. To be a centre for helping nations to achieve these goals.
2. Write a brief note on Security Council.
1. The Security Council has five permanent members.
2. They are the USA, France, the UK, the Russia and China.
3. There are ten non-permanent members and they are elected by the General Assembly for two years term.
4. The permanent members have the right to VETO.
5. Its main responsibility is to maintain International Peace and Security.
3. Mention any two major achievements of the UNO.
1. The UNO settled disputes between Israel and Palestine, Iran and Iraq and withdrawal of Soviet
troops from Afghanistan.
2. It signed many Nuclear Test Ban treaties like NTBT in 1963 and CTBT in 1996.
3. UNO has rendered great service in establishing peace and security by solving various problems.
4. Generally the political disputes are solved by Security Council, legal disputes by the International
Court of Justice.
5. The UNO has solved many international disputes and preserves peace through peaceful
negotiations.
4. Describe the 50th Anniversary celebration of the UNO.
1. In 1995 the UNO celebrated its 50th Anniversary and the overall theme of the celebration was “We
the people of the United Nations United for a Better World”.
2. It was endorsed by the General Assembly in October 1993.
3. In November 1995 the UNO Flag was carried into outer space by the space shuttle Atlantis.
4. It is a great achievement on the part of the UNO to work for the peaceful uses of outer space.
5. Mention some of the specialized agencies of the UNO. (AP-15,MAR-16)
1. The World Health Organisation (WHO)
2. The Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)
3. International Labour Organisation (ILO)
4. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
5. The United Nations International Children‟s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
6. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
7. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
8. EUROPEAN UNION
1. Mention the initial member countries of the EU.(JU-16)
1. Belgium 2. France 3. Italy
4. Luxemburg 5. Netherlands 6. West Germany
were the initial member countries of the European Union.
2. What are the principal objectives of the EU? (JU-13)
1. To establish European citizenship.
2. To ensure civil rights of European citizens.
3. To promote social progress.
4. To protect European security.
5. To ensure justice.
3. What are the organs of the EU?
1) European Parliament (EP) 2) Council of the European Union (EU) 3) European Commission (EC)
4) Court of Justice 5) Court of Auditors
4. Write a brief note on European Parliament.
1. European Parliament is the legislative body of the EU.
2. In 1979 the first direct democratic elections to the EP was held.
3. It meets in Strasbourg (France) and at currently consists of 736 members elected for five years term.
4. It forms one half of the EU‟s legislature.
5. Its key power is to approve or amend the EU budget submitted by the EC.
5. Mention the main functions of the Court of Justice.
1. The court of Justice determined whether treaties in the European Union are in accordance with Union law.
2. Its judgments and EU laws are binding on all member states.
6. What is the significance of the EURO?
1. Euro is the name of the single European currency that was put into circulation on Jan 1, 2002.
2. The symbol of the Euro is €.
3. Euro eliminated foreign exchange hurdles encountered by companies doing business across European border.
4. It promotes free trade policy.

1. What were the Social and Religious causes for the Great Revolt of 1857?
1. There was a rapid spread of western culture in India and the abolition of Sati and female
infanticide, legalizing widow remarriages were felt as religious interferences.
2. The Hindu Law of Property was changed and a Christian could inherit his ancestral property.
3. The British imposed taxes on the lands belonging to temples and mosques.
4. Due to above mentioned causes religious sentiments were aroused by the British.
2. Name the important leaders and centres of the mutiny.(AP-14,JU-13,14, SE -12,OC-16,JU-16,MAR-17)
Important Leaders and centres :
1. Bahadur Shah II - Delhi
2. Rani Lakshmi Bai (JU-15) - Central India
3. Begum Hazarat Mahal - Lucknow
4. Nana Saheb ,Tantia Tope - Kanpur
5. Kunwar Singh - Bihar
3. Write a note on the Revolt at Delhi.
1. Sir Archdale Wilson, Nicholson and Sir John Lawrence were the military officers who freed Delhi
from the rebels.
2. The city was sacked by the British soldiers and the people were massacred mercilessly.
3. Bahadur Shah II was tried (arrested) for treason and exiled to Rangoon.
4. At Rangoon, he died at the age of 87.
4. Mention the importance of Queen Victoria‟s Proclamation. (JU-12,15)
1. Queen Victoria‟s proclamation was described as Magna Carta of India
2. It confirmed the earlier treaties of the East India Company with the Indian Princes.
3. It promised to pay due regard to the ancient rites and customs of India.
4. It granted general pardon to all offenders except those who had directly taken part in the murder of
the British subjects.
5. How did the British cripple the Indian trade?

1. The British imposed heavy protective duties on imported goods in Britain while British goods were
imported into India at a nominal duty.
2. The Indian weavers and craftsmen were forced to work according to the desires of the servants of
the company.
3. It destroyed the cotton textile industry in India.
4. Thus, the British crippled the Indian trade and manufacture.
6. What was the immediate cause for the Revolt of 1857? (AP-13, SE-14,MAR-16)
1. The greased cartridges supplied for the new Enfield Rifles was the immediate cause for the mutiny.
2. Believing that the fat of Cow and Pig had been used to grease these cartridges both Hindus and
Muslims refused to bite them and use.
3. On 29th March 1857 Mangal Pandey refused to the greased cartridge at Barrackpore.
4. He was arrested and executed when this news spread many sepoys started the revolt.
7. Why was not the revolt widespread? (AP-12,SE-16)
1. Disunity among the Indians.
2. The educated Indians did not support the movement.
3. The Revolutionaries had no common idea.
4. It did not extend beyond North India.
5. South India, Punjab, Sind and Rajasthan did not participate.
6. A large numbers of rulers of the Indian states and the big Zamindars did not join the movement.

1. Write a note on Prarthana Samaj.
1. Prarthana Samaj was founded in Bombay in 1867 by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang.
2. It advocated inter-dining, inter-caste marriage, widow re-marriage, improvement of women, down
trodden classes and the abolition of Purdha System and Child marriage.
3. Night school, asylums, orphanages were established for the downtrodden people.
4. Mahadeva Govinda Ranade worked for the promotion of Prarthana Samaj.
2. What are the services rendered by the Arya Samaj? (AP-12, SE-12, SE-13, AP-14)
1. Through his motto „Go back to Vedas‟ Swami Dayanandha Saraswathi created the feeling of self –
confidence and self – respect.
2. The Arya Samaj opposed child marriage, polygamy, purdha system, casteism and sati.
3. It advocated women education, inter-caste marriage and inter-dining.
4. He started the Suddhi Movement to reconvert the Hindus who had been converted to other religions, earlier.
5. It insisted on education of the women and the upliftment of the depressed classes.
6. The Samaj started a number of schools to impart English and Vedic Education called Dayananda
Anglo-Vedic (DAV) schools and colleges.
3. Mention the main principles of the Theosophical Society.(JU-16)
The society aimed:
1. To develop the feeling of fraternity.
2. To study ancient religions, philosophy and science.
3. To find out the laws of Nature and development of divine power in man.
4. What are the teachings of Vallalar? (AP-15,JU-12, SE-14,MAR-17)
1. Service to mankind is the path of Moksha.
2. God is the personification of mercy and knowledge.
3. The path of compassion and mercy are the only path to God.
4. he preached Jeeva Karunya (Mercy to Life).
5. According to him, love is the master key to spirituality.
5. What was the aim of Outcastes Welfare Association? (Bahiskrit Hitkaraini Sabha)
1. The aim of this association was to uplift the downtrodden socially and politically in the Indian Society.
2. It was founded by Dr. B.R.Ambedhkar in July 1924.
6. Point out the impacts of Social and Religious Reform Movements in the 19th Century. (JU-14,OC-16)
1. These reform movements greatly helped to abolish sati, child marriage and untouchability.
2. It promoted education, encouraged widow remarriage, inter–caste marriages and inter-dining.
3. It instilled social awakening and inspired the national sprit in the minds of Indians.
4. People felt proud about their culture and rich heritage of India.
5. It helped the Indians to face problems with scientific approach and outlook.

1. How did Indian press and literature paved the way for the rise of Nationalist movement?
1. Newspapers like
- The Indian Mirror
- Bombay Samachar
- The Amrit Bazaar Patrika
- The Hindu
- The Kesari
- Maratha echoed the public opinion and developed a national outlook among the masses.
2. The writings of
- Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
- Rabindranath Tagore
- Subramania Bharathi and other patriotic writers brought national awakening among Indians.
3. The Vernacular Press Act
The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 curbed the freedom of press.
2. What were the aims of Indians National Congress? (SE-13,15)
1. Greater representation and expansion of legislative councils.
2. Freedom of press.
3. More facilities for the spread of Education.
4. Taxation should be made lighter.
5. Reduction of military expenditure.
6. Indian council at London should be abolished.
7. More Indians should be placed on higher posts.
8. Holding of Indian Civil Service (ICS) examination in India.
3. Name some of the important moderate leaders. (AP-13, JU-14)
1. Surendranath Banerjee
2. Dadabai Naoroji
3. Pherozeshah Mehta
4. Gopala Krishna Gokhale
5. Mahadeva Govind Ranade
6. Subramaniya Iyer
7. Madan Mohan Malavya
4. Write a note on the formation of the Muslim League.
1. The activities of the Indian National Congress created a fear in the minds of the Muslims.
2. They felt the need for a separate organization to champion the cause of the Muslims.
3. The British who followed the „Divide and Rule‟ policy readily accepted the demand of the Muslims.
4. In 1906, the All India Muslim League was formed under the leadership of Salimullah Khan, the
Nawab of Dacca
5. Mention the importance of Lucknow Session of the Indian National Congress in 1916. (AP-12, JU-12)
1. The moderates and the Extremists joined together.
2. The Congress and the Muslim League signed a pact agreeing to co-operate with each other
to achieve self-government.
3. Jawaharlal Nehru met Gandhiji for the first time at Lucknow Session in 1916.

1. What are the changes introduced by the Government of India Act of 1935?
1. Introduced provincial autonomy.
2. Abolished dyarchy in the provinces.
3. Established Federal Government at the centre.
4. Provided for the establishment of a federal court.
5. This court would decide the conflicts between the provinces and centre.
6. Provided for the establishment of a Federal Reserve Bank.
2. What is the importance of the Lahore session?
1. In March 1940, the Muslim League had its session at Lahore.
2. Here it was decided to demand for a separate nation called Pakistan.
3. Mohammad Ali Jinnah put forth the Two Nation Theory.
4. It means two different nations called Pakistan for the Muslims and India for the Hindus.
5. It comprised of their provinces where the Muslims were in majority.
3. What was the resolution passed in the Lahore session of the Congress in 1929? (AP-15)
1. The Congress declared Purna Swaraj or complete independence for India as its goal.
2. At midnight on 31st Dec. 1929, the Tricolour Flag was unfurled on the banks of river Ravi amidst
the slogans Vande Mataram.
3. Consequently Jan 26th 1930 was celebrated as Independence Day all over the country.
4. The Indian Constitution was adopted formally on 26th Jan 1950 to make this day a memorable day.
4. Write a short note on the Cabinet Mission.(SE-15)
1. In March 1946, the Cabinet Mission under Pethick Lawrence, A.V. Alexander and Sir Stafford
Cripps visited India to negotiate with Indian leaders about the transfer of powers.
2. The committee recommended Federal Government.
3. A Constituent Assembly should be elected to draw up the future constitution of India.
4. Till that time an Interim Government of all parties should be set up at the centre.
5. Name the states comprised of Pakistan.
1. West Punjab
2. Sind
3. North West Frontier Province
4. East Bengal
5. Sylhet District of Assam
6. Short note about Swaraj Party. (JU-16)
1. In order to lead the National Movement, a section of the nationalist leaders like C.R. Das and
Motilal Nehru formed the Swarajya Party in 1923.
2. It also appealed for a Round Table Conference to consider their demands and needs. But with the
death of C.R.Das in 1925 this party became actionless and then it was dissolved.
1. Write a brief note on Vellore Mutiny. (SE-12,13)
1. The British administration prohibited the Hindu soldiers from smearing religious marks on their
forehead and ordered the Muslims to shave their beard and trim their moustache.
2. On 9th July 1806, the revolting soldiers gathered at the fort under the pretext of attending the
wedding of Tipu Sultan‟s daughter in Vellore.
3. In midnight, they surrounded the fort and killed most of the Europeans and unfurled the flag of the
Tipu over the fort.
4. Tipu‟s second son Fateh Hyder was declared as the ruler. But the British crushed the revolt.
2. What do you know about Thiruppur Kumaran? (SE-15)
1. Thiruppur Kumaran (1904-1932) was born in Chennimalai, Erode District in Tamil Nadu.
2. He was a great revolutionary and participated in the march against the ban on the National Flag.
3. He died from injuries sustained from police assault and he died holding the flag of the Indian
Nationalists.
4. Kumaran is revered as a martyr in Tamil Nadu.
5. Kumaran is known by the epithet „Kodi Kaththa Kumaran‟.
3. Write a note about Subramaniya Siva. (JU-15)
1. Subramaniya Siva was born in Vathalagundu in Dindugal district and he was a freedom fighter and
a creative writer.
2. He was arrested many times between 1908 and 1922 for his anti-imperialist activities against the
British.
3. He was affected by leprosy in the jail and could not travel by train anywhere due to British law.
4. As a result Subramaniya Siva travelled the whole length of Madras Province on foot and died
eventually of the disease on 23rd July 1925.
4. Give an account on Vanchinathan‟s role in the struggle for freedom.
1. Vanchinathan was under the service of the state of Travancore.
2. The activities of the extremists greatly alarmed the British and the Collector Ashe killed four
persons in Thirunelveli.
3. Vanchinathan wanted to take revenge against the Collector Ashe by killing him, near Maniyachi
Railway station.
4. A letter was found from the Vanchinathan‟s pocket that the murder of Ashe was the rehearsal to
assassinate King George V who was expected at Madras.
5. Name the papers edited by Subramaniya Bharathiyar in 1907.
1. Tamil weekly - India
2. English News paper - Bala Bharatham
6. Mention some of the poems of Subramaniya Bharathiyar. (AP-15,MAR-17)
1. Vande Matharam 2. Enthaiyum Thayum 3. Jaya Bharatham 4. Achamillai, Achamillai
7. What was Satyamurti‟s service as a Mayor?
1. S. Sathyamurti became the Mayor of Madras in 1939, when the city was in the grip of an acute
water scarcity.
2. With the help of the British Governor he was able to achieve to build in Poondi Reservior about 50
km west of the city.
3. The reservoir was commissioned by Kamaraj and named it as Satyamurti Sahar.
4. The Head quarters of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee was named after him as Satyamurti Bhavan.
5. He served as mayor of Madras, leading a campaign to restore public education, improve water
supply and improve the life of the citizens.
8. Write a note on the welfare measures taken by Kamaraj. (JU-13, AP-14,OC-16)
1. Opening of new schools.
2. Arranged for free education.
3. Made provision for Mid – day meals scheme
4. Construction of dams and canals to improve agriculture
5. Launching of new industries in Tamilnadu
9. Why was Kamaraj called as “King Maker” ?(SE-14)
1. Kamaraj played a significant role in the National Politics.
2. He made Lal Bahadur Sastri as the Prime Minister of India in 1964
3. After the death of Sastri in 1966 he made Mrs. Indira Gandhi as the Prime Minister.
4. So he was called as “King Maker”.

1. Write a brief note on the rule of the Justice Party.
1. In 1920 Subbarayalu Reddiar and in 1923 T.M. Sivagnanam Pillai formed the ministry.
2. In 1926, A. Subbarayalu formed the ministry with the support of Swarajya Party.
3. In 1930 Justice Party again won and B. Munisamy Naidu formed the ministry.
4. In 1932 he was replaced by Raja of Bobhili.
5. In 1937 election Justice Party failed.
2. What are the aims of Self Respect Movement ? (AP-13,15,JU-12,15)

1. The Self Respect Movement condemned and fought against Brahmin domination over other castes,
society, politics and religion.
2. It fought against traditionalism and superstitions.
3. It advocated women education, widow re-marriage, inter-caste marriages.
4. It opposed child marriage.
3. Why do we call Periyar as “Vaikam Hero” ? (AP-14, JU-13, SE-14,MAR-16,OC-16,MAR-17)
1. Periyar led the Vaikam Sathiya Graha in 1924, where the people of downtrodden community were
prohibited to enter into the Temple.
2. Finally the Travancore Government relaxed such segregation and allowed the people to enter into
the temple.
3. Hence Periyar was called as „Vaikam Hero‟.
4. Mention the services rendered by Annadurai as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
1. Annadurai introduced the scheme of 1 kg rice for Rs.1.
2. He also introduced Tamil Language Development Scheme.
3. He changed the official name of the State from „Madras‟ to „Tamizhaga Arasu‟.
4. He announced that the national motto „Sathyameva Jayate‟ as „Vaimaye Vellum‟.
5. Sanskrit forms as address Sri / Srimathi / Kumari would replace the Tamil forms of Thiru /
Thirumathi / Selvi.
5. Narrate Dr. Muthulakshmi‟s role in the agitation against Devadasi system. (AP-12, SE-12)
1. An ancient time, there was a cruel practice of Devadasi system in Tamil Nadu.
2. Appreciating Muthlakshmi‟s role in the agitation against Devadasi system, she was nominated to
the Tamil Nadu legislative council in 1929.
3. In the Assembly, with the help of Justice Party she enacted a law abolishing Devadasi System.
6. What did Dr. Dharmambal do to the Tamil teachers? (JU-14)
1. Till 1940 the Tamil teachers had no due recognition in the society.
2. They were not paid equal salary like other teachers.
3. So Dharmambal started an agitation called „Elavu Varam‟
4. As a result the Educational Minister Thiru Avinasilingam Chettiar announced the equal pay to
Tamil teachers like other teachers.
7. Write a note on the services rendered by Moovalur Ramamirdham for her community.
1. The Isai Vellalar women were ill-treated by the landlords and Zamindars in the name of caste.
2. On seeing these atrocities and cruelties Moovalur Ramamirdham decided to fight for their
emancipation.
3. She travelled all over the country and spoke about the miseries of her own girls.
4. She organized the conference of Isai Vellalar at Mayiladudurai in 1925, and the government passed
Dr. Muthulakshmi Devadasi Abolition Act.
TWO MARK QUESTIONS - GEOGRAPHY
1. What are the main physical divisions of India? (AP-12,14 JU-13,15,SE-12,MAR-16,OC-16)
1) Northern mountains 2) Northern Great Plains 3) Peninsular plateaus
4) Coastal plains 5) Islands
2. Write any two points on the importance of the Himalayas. (JU-15, AP-15, SE-13)
1. Himalayas forms a natural boundary for the Sub – continent
2. It is permanently frozen and is a barrier to invasion.
3. It is the source of all perennial rivers of India.
4. It brings alluvium and help the cultivation of crops in the great plain.
3. Name a few well- known holy places in the Northern mountains of India. (SE-13,15,MAR-17)
1) Amarnath 2) Kedarnath
3) Badrinath 4) Vaishnavidevi temples.
4. Name the rivers that do not form a delta on the west coast of India.
1) Narmada 2) Tapti
3) Mahi 4) Sabarmati
5. Name the Islands belonging to India . (AP-13, JU-12, 14, SE-14,JU-16)
1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2. Lakshadweep
2. INDIA - CLIMATE
1. Name the factors determining the climate of India. (AP-12,14,JU-12, SE-12,13,OC-16,MAR-17)
1. Latitude
2. Altitude
3. Distance from the sea
4. Wind
5. Position of Mountains
2. What do you mean by Monsoon? (AP-13, JU-14)
1. The word „Monsoon‟ owes its origin to an Arabic word “Mausim‟ which means „season‟.
2. The winds which reverse their directions completely between the summer and the winter is known
as Monsoon winds.
3. The term was used by seamen to describe „system of alternating‟ winds over the Arabian Sea.
4. These winds appear to blow from Southwest for six months and from northeast for another six
months.
3. What are the main features of tropical Monsoon type of climate?(SE-15)
1. The Monsoon winds are classified into Southwest Monsoon and Northeast Monsoon on the basis of
the direction from where they blow.
2. Monsoon climate is caused due to the differential heating of land and sea.
3. The main feature of monsoon winds is change of seasons which determines the climate of India.
4. What are Jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India?
1. Air currents in the upper layer of atmosphere are known as Jet streams.
2. It determines the arrival and departure of monsoon winds in India.
3. It also brings the Western disturbance from Mediterranean sea to India causing rainfall to Punjab
and Haryana.
5. Name the regions of very heavy rainfall in India. (JU-13, AP-15)
1. The southern slopes of the Eastern Himalayas
2. Assam
3. Bengal
4. The West Coast Region comprising the Konkan
5. The Malabar coast
6. What do you mean by the term „burst of Monsoon‟? (SE-14)
1. South West monsoon gives rain with violent thunderstorms indicating the onset of the monsoon and
lightning.
2. This phenomenon is often termed as “The Monsoon Burst”.
3. The occurrence of heavy rainfall all of a sudden with violent thunder and lightning at the Southern
part of Kerala.

1. What do you understand by the term natural resource? (AP-12,14, SE-14, JU-16,MAR-17)
1. All materials obtained from the nature to satisfy the needs of our daily life are known as natural
resources.
2. Ex. Sun light, Water, Air and minerals.
2. What are the properties of fertile soil? (JU-13,SE-15)
Micro nutrients :
1. Sulphur
2. Iron
3. Manganese
4. Chlorine
5. Copper
6. Cobalt
7. Molybdenum
8. Boron
9. Zinc
Macro nutrients :
1. Nitrogen
2. Phosphorous
3. Potassium
3. Name any four main characteristics of the tropical evergreen forest. (JU-12,14,OC-16)
1. Tropical evergreen forests are found in the region where the annual rainfall is more than 200 cm.
2. The trees in these forests are evergreen and do not shed their leaves.
3. The trees are very dense and composed of tall trees reaching upto the height of above 60 metres.
4. The undergrowth mainly consists of bamboos, ferns and climbers.
4. Give the meaning of shrub and thorn forest. (JU-15)
1. Shrub and thorn forest are found in areas where average annual rainfall is less than 75cm.
2. The trees have long roots to tap water and have thick small leaves with thorny thick bark.
3. This adaptation is a characteristic of shrub and thorn forest.
5. Name the mica producing areas of India. (AP-13,15,JU-15,SE-12,14,MAR-16)
1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Jharkhand 3. Bihar 4. Rajasthan
1. What are the major determinant factors of agriculture? (AP-15)
1. Land form
2. Climate
3. Soil types
4. Water
2. What are the types of agriculture ? (AP-14, JU-12,13, 14,SE-12,JU-16,OC-16)
1. Primitive agriculture
2. Subsistence agriculture
3. Commercial agriculture
4. Plantation agriculture.
3. Name the agricultural seasons in India. (AP-13)
1. Kharif - June to November
2. Rabi - November to March
3. Zaid - March to June
4. Why and where millets are cultivated?
1. Millets are cereal crops or intermediate between rice and wheat.
2. It includes Jowar, Bajra and Ragi.
3. Millets are coarse grain and dry crops.
4. They are cultivated in poor soil.
5. They are rich in nutritional contents higher than wheat and rice.
6. They also provide fodder for cattle.
7. Millets are grown in almost all the states in India like Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Odisha, Bihar, Maharashtra and Gujarat.
5. Name the cotton growing areas of India. (SE-13,15, MAR-16)
1. Gujarat
2. Maharashtra
3. Andhra Pradesh
4. Karnataka
5. Tamil Nadu
6. Madhya Pradesh
7. Punjab and
8. Haryana.
6. What are Plantation Crops? (AP-12, JU-15,SE-14,MAR-17)
1. Tea 2. Coffee 3.Rubber 4. Fruits and vegetables.
1. Define manufacturing.(SE-15)
1. Converting the natural resources into usable product is defined manufacturing.
2. The process of conversion of raw-materials into finished products with the help of machine is called
manufacturing.
2. Name the factors that determine location of an Industry. (AP-14,JU-12,13,MAR-16)
1. Raw material
2. Power
3. Transport
4. Manpower
5. Water
6. Market and
7. Government policies.
3. What are agrobased Industries? Give examples. (AP-12, 15, JU-14, SE-13, 14)
1. These industries use agricultural products as their basic raw materials.
Ex. a. Cotton textile Industry b. Sugar Industry c. Jute Industry
4. Name any five software centres. (JU-14,OC-16)
1. Chennai
2. Mysuru
3. Coimbatore
4. Mumbai
5. Bengaluru
5. What are the by products of Jute industry? (AP-12,13,JU-15,SE-12,JU-16,MAR-17)
1. Gunny bags 2. Canvas 3. Pack sheets 4. Jute webs
5. Hessians 6. Carpets 7. Cordage 8. Twines.
9. Ropes 10. Strings 11. Rugs 12. Clothes
13. Tarpaulin 14. upholstery 15. Blanket (any six is enough)
1. What is water pollution? (AP-15, JU-13, SE-12)
1. Water pollution is any chemical, physical or biological change in the quality of water that has a
harmful effect on any living thing that drinks, uses or lives in it
2. These are bacteria, viruses, protozoa and parasitic worms that enter sewage-systems and untreated waste.
2. List out the major Air pollutants. (AP-13,MAR-16)
1. Sulphur oxide 2. Nitrogen oxide
3. Carbon mono oxide and 4. Organic compounds
3. What is Noise pollution? (JU-15,SE-13)
1. Human or machine sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life is known as
noise pollution.
2. Noise pollution can cause hyper-tension, high stress levels, hearing loss, sleep disturbances and
other harmful effects.
4. What are the major causes of water pollution?(JU-16)
1. The first are disease causing agents. These are bacteria, viruses, protozoa and parasitic worms that
enter sewage-systems and untreated waste.
2. Second pollutant is Oxygen demanding bacteria. This causes other organisms in the water such as
fish to die.
3. The third class of water pollutants is water soluble inorganic pollutants such as acids, salts and toxic
metals.
4. Water can also be polluted by a number of organic compounds such as oil, plastics and pesticides in
the water.
5. What is bio diversity? (SE-15)
1. Bio diversity is the degree of variation of the life forms within a given ecosystem.
2. On the entire planet, rapid environmental changes due to mining and dam constructions cause
extinctions.
6. How pollution is caused due to biomedical waste?
1. Pollution due to biomedical waste is likely to spread diseases dangerous to life.
2. In early April 2010, a machine from Delhi University containing Cobalt-60-a radioactive metal used
for radio therapy in hospitals, sent to a scrap yard in the city.
3. The death from radiation of a scrap yard worker revealed the reasons as the biomedical wastes.
7. What is meant by e-waste? (AP-14,JU-12,MAR-17)
1. Unusable electronic goods are called an electronic waste (e-waste).
2. For example, unusable television sets, mobile phones, computers, refrigerators, printers and etc are e-wastes
3. India produces about 3,80,000 tonnes of e-wastes.
4. This is one of the major threats to the environment and could lead to dangerous radiation-related
catastrophes worldwide.
1. What is trade? What are the types of trade? (AP-12,13, 14, SE-13,MAR-16)
1. Trade is an act of buying, selling or exchanging goods and services.
2. There are two types of trade.
a. Internal Trade
b. International trade
2. State the highlights of India‟s foreign trade policy since 2004.
1. Merchandise trade has been doubled.
2. Thrust is given for employment generation, especially in semi-urban and rural areas.
3. Trade procedure is simplified and transaction cost is reduced.
4. Special focus is given to make India a global hub.
5. A new scheme called Vishesh Krishi Upaj Yojna have been introduced to boost exports of fruits,
vegetables, flowers and minor forest products.
3. Trade, Transport and communication stand complementary to each other. How?
1. Growth of Trade leads to economic prosperity of a nation.
2. Trade growth depends on well developed market, advanced transport and communication system.
3. Thus trade, transport and communication stand complementary to each other.
4. What is the significance of border roads? (JU-13,SE-15,OC-16)
1. Border Roads are the roads constructed along the northern and north eastern borders of our country.
2. These roads are constructed and maintained by Border Roads Organisation (BRO) which was set up
in 1960 by the Government of India.
3. BRO is regarded as a symbol of nation, building, national integration and an inseparable component
in maintaining the security of the country.
4. The organisation has constructed 46,780 km of roads in difficult terrain.
5. Brief how physiography play a role in the distribution of Railway networks in India.
1. The Himalayan region has rugged terrain and so it is very difficult to lay railway tracks along the
steep slopes.
2. The condition in west Rajasthan, frequent flood in Brahmaputra valley thick forest and rough terrain
in Northeast India has led to a few railway lines in these region.
3. The Northern plains of India is a flat land and it has a dense network of railways.
4. Peninsular India is a plateau region with an undulated terrain; hence it has a moderate railway network.
6. Write a note on Suburban railway.
1. Cities in India such as Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and Delhi have separate tracks for the suburban network.
2. The suburban trains connect the commuters of suburban areas to the urban centers.
3. They are mostly Electric Multiple Units (EMU)
4. These trains usually have nine coaches but to avoid overcrowd during peak hours they attach extra coaches.
7. State the merits of pipeline transport. (AP-15,JU-15,SE-12,14,MAR-17)
1. Pipeline can be laid through difficult terrain as well as under water.
2. Initial cost of laying pipeline is high but subsequent cost for maintenance and operation is low.
3. Pipeline operation involves very low consumption of energy.
4. It ensures steady supply and minimizes transshipment losses and delays.
8. Mention the important Pipeline networks in our country.
There are three important pipeline networks in our country.
1. Upper Assam to Kanpur via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad.
2. Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab via. Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat.
3. Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh via. Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh.
4. Apart from the above, pipelines are also laid connecting, Mumbai high and Mumbai, Mumbai and Pune.
9. What are the advantages of communication network? (JU-14)
1. Communication network enables quick exchange of information with people anywhere in the world.
2. Leads to enormous growth of trade.
3. Helps the government to tackle various socio-economic problems in the society.
4. Improves the quality of human life.
5. Opens the door to the information age.
6. Promotes Edusat programs.
8. REMOTE SENSING
1. What is meant by remote sensing? (AP-13,15,JU-14,MAR-17)
1. Remote sensing can be defined as the collection of data about an object from a distance.
2. Remote – far away ;
Sensing – getting information
2. What are the disadvantages of ground Survey?(JU-16)
1. Ground Survey takes many months to study about resources of a region.
2. Ground Survey of resources is hindered by dense forests, rugged terrain, sandy deserts and
unpredictable weather.
3. Mention the basic components of remote sensing. (AP-12,SE-12,13)
1. Target
2. Energy source
3. Transmission path and
4. Sensor
4. Define – GIS (AP-12,JU-15,SE-12,13,MAR-16)
1. GIS – Geographic Information System.
2. It is a systematic integration of computer hardware, software and spatial data for capturing, storing,
displaying, updating, manipulating and analysing all forms of geographically referenced data.
3. GIS consists of three subsystems :
i. an input system
ii. computer hardware and software systems
iii. an output system
5. Mention any two applications of GIS. (JU-15)
1. Power companies use GIS to monitor analyse the electricity load on the grid network for a particular
area.
2. Transport companies use GIS to locate shortest routes for delivering goods and to save time.
6. Write any two applications of GPS. (JU-12,13)
1. GPS is a useful tool for commerce, scientific uses, tracking and surveillance.
2. GPS‟ accurate timing facilitates everyday activities such as banking, mobile phone, operations and
even the control of power grids.
3. Surveying, Map making, Navigation, Cellular Telephony and Geofencing are the main civilian use of
GPS.
4. Navigation, Target tracking, Missile and Projectile guidance, Search and Rescue, and
Reconnaissance are the main military use of GPS.
9. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
1. Define the terms a) Disaster Risk Reduction b) Structural Measures
a. Disaster Risk Reduction
i. Disaster Risk Reduction as defined by UNISDR
ii. “The concept and practice of disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and manage the
casual factors of disasters
iii. It includes reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise
management of land and environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events”.
b. Structural Measures
i. This refers to any physical construction to reduce or avoid possible impacts of hazards.
ii. Also it is an application of engineering techniques to achieve hazard-resistance and resilience in
structures or systems.
2. What are the important aspects of Disaster Risk Reduction? (OC-16)
There are some important aspects of disaster risk reduction.
1) Mitigation 2) Early Warning System 3) Disaster Preparedness 4) Recovery
TWO MARK QUESTIONS - CIVICS
1. Mention the important aspects of India‟s policy for promoting world peace.( AP-14, SE-12, 14)
1. India played a great role in settling many world disputes and thereby maintained peace and security.
2. In Korea and in Indo-China peace has been established by the great efforts of India.
3. Similarly when Israel, England and France attacked Egypt, there was a danger of a World War.
4. But due to timely intervention of India, the war was averted.
2. Why is world peace an essential one? (AP-15,SE-13,MAR-17)
1. Economic development of the nations can be achieved only through world peace.
2. World peace is essential not only for the economic development for all the countries in the world.
3. What are the five principles of the Pancha sheel? (JU-12,13)

India is called by the name of „A Great Peace Maker‟. It followed five principles which are popularly known
as „Pancha sheel‟. Jawaharlal Nehru laid stress on these five principles.
1. Each country should respect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of others.
2. No country should attack any other country.
3. No one should try to interfere in the internal affairs of others.
4. All country shall strive for equality and mutual benefit.
5. Every country should try to follow the policy of peaceful coexistence.
4. Write a note on the policy of Apartheid. (AP-12,13,SE-15,MAR-16,JU-16)
1. Apartheid – Policy of racial discrimination followed in South Africa.
2. In South Africa the whites, did not give equal rights to the native Africans.
3. India had raised this issue for the first time in the UN General Assembly in 1946.
4. It was due to the constant moral support of India and the continous struggle of Dr.Nelson Mandela,
the policy of Apartheid has been abolished in 1990.
5. Name the areas identified by the SAARC Countries for mutual Co-operation. (JU-14)
The SAARC countries identified mutual co – operation in the following areas, transportation, postal
services, tourism, shipping, meteorology, health, agriculture, rural reconstruction and
telecommunication.
6. India has rendered whole hearted support to the UNO – Justify.(OC-16)
1. India has rendered whole – hearted support to the United Nations to bring World Peace and making
the policies of the UNO a great success.
2. It tried to solve many problems by giving full support to UNO.
2. DEMOCRACY
1. Give Abraham Lincoln‟s definition of Democracy. (AP-14, JU-12,13,14,MAR-16,JU-16,OC-16)
According to Abraham Lincoln, „Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people‟.
2. What is meant by National Party ? (AP-12, SE-13,15)
1. A party recognized by the Election Commission, that secures at least six percent of the total votes in
Lok Sabha election in four or more states, then it is called National Party.
2. Example: Congress, BJP.
3. What is a Political Party?
1. A Political Party is a pre-requisite for democratic system of government.
2. A political party is an organized association of people who come together in a common platform with
objective of winning political power.
4. Mention the functions of the Political Parties.
Functions of the Political parties:
1. Formulation of General policies.
2. Contesting elections.
3. Educating the masses.
4. To conduct and criticize the government.
5. Playing the role of an intermediary body between the government and the people.
6. Integrative agency.
5. Write the advantages of Single Party System.
Advantages of Single Party System:
1. During the periods of emergency or external danger the one party rule could function more
efficiently, independently and quickly to set matters right.
2. Decisions could be taken quickly under the single party rule. Expenditure could also be controlled.
3. It promotes greater national identity.
6. Give a brief note on the functions of the Election Commission. (JU-15,SE-12)
The Functions of the Election Commission:
1. It gives recognition to the political parties.
2. It allots symbols for the parties as well as independent candidates who stand for the election.
3. It announces the dates of election and the dates on which the votes will be counted and the
declaration of the final results.
7. Name the Regional parties of Tamil Nadu.
1. DMK 2. ADMK 4. DMDK 5. PMK
1. Why is India called the “Museum of human race”?
i. India has a population of more than hundred crores made up of diverse ethnic groups, divided into
number of castes, professing different religions, speaking hundreds of languages and dialects.
ii. It is this marvelous diversity of people in India which has made it both a museum and a laboratory
for the study of man.
iii. Hence India is rightly called the “Museum of human race”.
2. Name some of the religions of India. (AP-13,15,MAR-17)
1. Hinduism
2. Christianity
3. Islam
4. Buddhism
5. Jainism
6. Zoroastrianism
7. Sikhism
3. How do our customs, habits and heritage help to maintain unity?

1. The Indian heritage advocates hospitality, charity, friendship, love, unselfishness, dharma, proper
conduct, humility, truth, peace, mercy, spiritual feelings, respect for parents and elders and tolerance.
2. All these help the Indian people live in unity forgetting their difference in other respects.
4. What do you know about art and architecture of India?
1. Even from ancient days, India was famous for its architectural unique. Still they are growing to suit
the modern tasks.
2. The paintings at Ajantha and Ellora are world famous.
3. The Gandhara Art and Sculpture speaks the excellence of India‟s greatness in this field.
4. Temple architecture is the best among Indian building architecture.
5. Give a brief note on Indian Music and Dance.
1. The Carnatic style and Hindustani style of music is originated in India which is loved and learned by
many.
2. Bharathanatiya, Kuchipudi, Kathak, Manipuri and Oddissi are some of the famous dances in India.
3. In addition to this there are various folk dances which are loved and patronized by the people.
4. CONSUMER RIGHTS
1. How are the customers exploited? Mention any two forms. (AP-12, 14, JU-14, SE-13,14)
Customers exploit:
1. The companies spend a considerable amount on advertisements alone to attract consumers.
2. They feed information that they want us to know, but not the information that we as consumers need
about the products.
3. When the consumers, do not have sufficient information about the products, normally they get
exploited and are sometimes even harassed by the business community.
Exploit methods:
1. The goods being sold in the market are sometimes not measured or weighed correctly.
2. The goods sold are sometimes of sub-standard quality.
2. Write a brief note on the COPRA.

Birth of COPRA:
i) The right to redress lead to the passing of the Consumer Protection Act (COPRA) in 1986 in India.
ii) This is defined as the Magna Carta of consumers.
3. Write any two measures taken by the Government of Tamil Nadu to protects the consumers against
exploitation.
1. Establishment of Citizen Consumer clubs in every educational institution.
2. Providing consumer education to rural masses through Women Self Help Groups / Panchayat level
federations and through Residents Welfare associations in urban areas.
3. Generating awareness through sectoral workshops / seminars.
TWO MARK QUESTIONS - ECONOMICS

1. NATIONAL INCOME
1. Define National Income. (JU-13, 14,15)
National Income :
“National Income is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced by an economy over a
period of time, normally a year”.
2. How do you arrive at NNP?
1. Net National Product is arrived by making some adjustment with regard to depreciation.
2. That is, we arrive the NNP by deducting the value of depreciation from Gross National Product (GNP).
3. NNP = GNP (-) Depreciation.
3. Write a note on Income method.
1. Income method is one of 3 methods, to calculate the national income.
2. In this method, the Income and Payments received by all the people in the country are calculated.
4. What is Percapita Income ? (AP-12,14, JU-12, SE-12,14,MAR-16)
1. Percapita Income is obtained by dividing the National Income by the Population of a country.
2. Percapita Income = National Income
Population
3. Percapita Income or output per person is an indicator to show the living standard of people in a country.
5. Write any two needs for the study of National Income.
1. To measure the size of the economy and level of country‟s economic performance.
2. To measure the production of goods and services.
6. Give examples for tertiary sector. (SE-15)
Tertiary sector includes trade, hotel industry, transport, storage, communication, finance, insurance,
real estate and social services.
7. What is Laissez-faire ? (AP-13,15,MAR-17)
Laissez-faire means non-intervention by the government in economical activities.
8. Write a note on the Protective functions of modern welfare State.
Protective Functions :
1. Economic development can be achieved only if there is peace in the state.
2. So the primary function of the government is to maintain law and order besides protecting the people
from external aggression and internal disorder.
9. Define Gross Domestic Product.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) :
Gross Domestic Product is the total value of output (goods and services) produced by the factors of
production within the geographical boundaries of the country.
10. What is Net Domestic Product? (SE-13)

Net Domestic Product :
1. Net Domestic Product is part of Gross Domestic product.
2. Net Domestic Product is obtained from the Gross Domestic Product by deducting the quantum of
tear and wear expenses (depreciation).
3. NDP = GDP (-) Depreciation.

1. Write any three Objectives of Eleventh Five year plan. (JU-16)
Objectives of Eleventh five year plan :
1. Increasing the public investment in irrigation, rural electrification and rural roads.
2. To reduce the subsidies in power, fertililzer.
3. Promoting agricultural research.
2. Write a note on Green Revolution. (AP-14,JU-13)
1. Green revolution was introduce in the year 1967.
2. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) introduced this new strategy through land
reforms, promoting the use of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds and improved irrigation facilities,
to increase the agricultural production.
3. What is Mixed Economy ? (AP-13, 15 SE-14,MAR-17)
1. Co-existance of Public and Private sectors in an economy is known as Mixed Economy.
2. E.g Television and Transport in India.
4. What is Multi National Corporation ?
1. Multi National corporations are business firms operating in several countries but centrally managed
from one (home) country.
2. E.g. Honda, Suzuki
5. Write a note on Cottage industries.(JU-15,SE-15,MAR-16)
1. Cottage industries are household industries depending on local market and production is of
primitive methods.
2. Example: Handlooms, Coir industries
6. Write a note on Liberalization.
1. Liberalization means movement towards a free market system.
2. Liberalization otherwise known as withdrawal of regulation and restrictions for private sectors.
3. Private sectors are encouraged to enter into core industries which are reserved for public sector.
7. What is privatisation? (AP-12, SE-12)
1. Privatisation generally means transforming all economic activities from public sector to private sector.
2. It also refers to the setting up of private units in public utility services.
8. What do you mean by Globalization? (JU-12, 14,SE-13,)
1. Globalisation refers the world wide movement towards economic, financial, trade and communication
integration.
2. The finished goods also find a place in the global market.
3. Thus globalization is the linkage of nation‟s markets with global markets.
9. Write a note on Transport System in Tamil Nadu.
1. The efficient road system in Tamilnadu is the reason for rapid industrialization.
2. The rail transport has connectivity throughout India.
3. Mass Rapid Transit Systems (MRTS) and Chennai Metro Rails Project provides a rail network to
Chennai city.
4. There are three major ports in Tamilnadu – Chennai, Ennore and Tuticorin.
5. The airports in Tamilnadu are Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy , Salem and Tuticorin.
DISTINGUISH QUESTIONS - GEOGRAPHY
Distinguish between : (AP-13,15,MAR-17)
1 GMT IST
1 GMT means Greenwich Mean Time. IST means Indian Standard Time.
2 It is calculated at 00 longitude. It is calculated at 820 30’ East longitude.
GMT is the reference time for the world IST is the Indian common time. This is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of
3
time zone . GMT.
The Meridian of GMT passes through The Meridian of IST passes through Allahabad in India.
4
Greenwich in England.
(AP-12, 13, 14,JU-12, 13,15 SE-12,MAR-16,JU-16)
2 WESTERN GHATS EASTERN GHATS
1 It is a system of continuous hills. It is a system of dis-continuous hills.
It extends from Tapti valley in the North upto It lies between Mahanadi and Vaigai river.
2
Kanyakumari in the South.
3 It is parallel to west coastal plain. It is parallel to the East coast plain.
Most of the rivers originate in the Western Drain into Bay of Bengal.
4
Ghats drain into the Arabian Sea.
5 Highest peak Anaimudi Highest peak Mahendra Giri.
(SE-13,14,15,JU-14)
3 WEST COASTAL PLAINS EAST COASTAL PLAINS
The Western coastal plains extend from The Eastern coastal plains extend from West Bengal to
1
Rann of Kutch to Kanyakumari. Kanyakumari.
Northern Part – Konkan coast Northern part – Northern circars
2
Southern part – Malabar coast Southern part – Coromandal coast
These plains have numerous back waters These plains have numerous lakes such as Chilka, Kolleru &
3
and lagoons. Pulicat lake.
The Narmada river and the Tapti river It has been formed by the deltas of the Mahanadi, Godavari,
4
flows in the region. Krishna and Kaveri rivers.
2. INDIA - CLIMATE
Distinguish between : (AP- 14,SE-15)
1 WINDWARD SIDE LEEWARD SIDE
The wind striking side of the mountain is called The other side of the mountain which is sheltered
1
windward side of a mountain. from the wind is called Leeward side of a mountain.
West coastal line including Mumbai, Coastal Eastern coastal line including Pune and Bangalore
2 Karnataka and Northern Kerala lie on the wind lies on the Lee ward side of Western Ghats.
ward side of Western Ghats.
3 Wind ward side receives very heavy rainfall. Lee ward side receives very less rainfall.
Mumbai lies on the windward side of the Western Pune lies on the Leeward side of the Western Ghats.
4
Ghats.
(AP-12,JU-15,SE-13,OC-16)
2 SOUTH WEST MONSOON NORTH EAST MONSOON
South West Monsoon blows from June to North East Monsoon blows during October and
1
September. November.
2 These winds blow from sea to land. These winds blow from land to sea.
3 These winds are moisture laden winds. These winds are cold dry wind.
These winds give heavy rain to western coastal These winds give heavy rain to the Coromandal
4
plain. Coast.
3 WESTERN DISTURBANCES TROPICAL CYCLONES
Western Disturbances are winds that originate in Tropical Cyclones are formed due to low pressure
1 Mediterranean sea and travels eastward across Iran area in Bay of Bengal and travel across
and Afghanistan Coromandal Coast.
Western Disturbances are moisture laden winds . Cyclones are moisture laden and bring rainfall to
2
Southern Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
Western disturbances bring rainfall to Himachal Cyclones not only bring rainfall but also damage
3
Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana. life and property.
They bring snowfall in the hills of Jammu and They do not bring snowfall to any of the hills.
4
Kashmir.
(AP -13, 15,JU-12, 14, SE-12)

4 WEATHER CLIMATE
Weather is a day to day conditions of Climate is the average state of weather for a longer
1 atmosphere. period of time at any place.
It is any place in regard to temperature, It is determined by latitude, altitude, distance from the
2 pressure, wind, humidity and rainfall. sea,wind and position of mountains.
It is the condition of atmosphere for only a To get reliable average of climate a minimum of 35
3 short period. years is needed.
4 Weather of a place may change daily. Climate of a place remains constant over a long period.
(JU-13, AP-14, SE-14,15,MAR-17)

5 LOO NORWESTERS
Loo is a strong hot wind, blow during day time. Norwesters are thunderstorms also called
1
Kalbaisakhi
It blows over northern and north western part of It blows in northeastern part of India.
2
India.
3 They do not bring rainfall. They bring heavy to very heavy rainfall.

Distinguish between : (JU-13,14,15,SE-15)
1 TROPICAL EVER GREEN FOREST TROPICAL MONSOON FOREST
Evergreen forests are found in the regions where the Monsoon forests are found in areas where the
1
range of annual rainfall is more than 200 cm. range of annual rainfall is 70-200 cm.
These forests are found in Western side of Western Ghats Monsoon forests cover a large area of
2
& North Eastern region of India. Southern as well as Northern India.
Ebony, Mahogany, Bamboo, Rubber, Teak, Rosewood, Sandalwood, Sisam, Sal & Redwood are the
3
Iron-wood trees are the trees found in these forests. most commonly found in the monsoon forest.
These forests are evergreen and do not shed their leaves. They are not so dense as evergreen and shed
4
their leaves in summer.
(AP-12, 13, 15,JU-12,15,SE-12, 14,MAR-17)

2 RENEWABLE RESOURCE NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE
1 It can be reproduced again and again after utilization. It cannot be replaced again after utilization.
The time taken to renew the resources may be different They are formed over a very long geological
2
from one resources to another. periods.
3 Ex. Sunlight, air, water and forests Ex. Coal and petroleum
4 It is an Environment friendly and pollution free. It causes pollution and spoil the Environment.
(AP-12, 13, JU-13,14,SE-12, 14,OC-16,JU-16)
3 WIND ENERGY THERMAL ENERGY
It is produced from the speed of wind using wind mill. It is produced by using coal, petroleum, natural gas
1
etc.,
Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Kerala, Assam, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and
Maharashtra and Lakshadweep have wind energy Tamilnadu depend mainly on thermal electricity.
2 producing centers. Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Kerala,
Odisha and Delhi have thermal energy producing
centers.
The initial expenses for erecting the windmills are huge. The initial expenses are much more than wind
3
energy .
Distinguish between : (AP-13,15,SE-12,JU-16)
1 COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE SUBSISTANCE AGRICULTURE
Crops are raised on a large scale. Crops are raised on a small scale intensively for
1
family consumption.
2 These crops are mainly cash crops. Mainly food crops are produced.
3 This type of agriculture is called “Extensive agriculture”. It is called “Intensive agriculture” .
4 Example: cereals, cotton, sugarcane, jute etc., Example: rice, wheat etc.
Exporting them to goods and services bought from The rest is sold in the nearby markets.
5
overseas producers.
(AP-14, JU-12, SE-14,13)
2 KHARIF CROP RABI CROP
It is an important cropping season that starts at It is an important cropping season that starts at
1
beginning of monsoon. beginning of winter.
2 It ends after autumn season. It ends at beginning of summer.
3 Duration- June to November. Duration-November to March.
4 Example: paddy, maize, cotton, millet, jute, sugarcane. Ex: wheat, tobacco, mustard, pulses, linseed, grains.
5 The harvest period is November. The harvest period is March.
(AP-14,JU-13,15, SE-15,MAR-16)
3 MONO-CROPPING DUAL- CROPPING
If only one crop is raised in a field at a time, it is If two crops are raised in a field at a time, it is
1
called as uni- cropping. called as dual- cropping.
2 It is also known as single cropping. It is also known as double cropping.
3 Example: Tea ,coffee, sugarcane etc., Example: Wheat with mustard.
Distinguish between : (AP-12, 13, JU-12, 14, SE-12,13,14,MAR-16,OC-16,JU-16)
1 AGRO BASED INDUSTRY MINERAL BASED INDUSTRY
These industries use agricultural products as their These industries use both metallic and non
1
raw materials. metallic minerals as raw material.
2 Example: Cotton textile industry and jute industry. Example: Iron and steel industry.
3 Mumbai is the leading Cotton textile centre. It is located in Chota Nagpur Plateau.
(AP-15,JU-13,MAR-17)
2 IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY SOFTWARE INDUSTRY
1 It mineral based industry. It is computer based industry.
2 These industries are applicable for both skilled These industries are applicable only for skilled and
and unskilled labours. young professionals.
3 Majar Iron and Steel industries are located in Bengaluru is electronic capital of India and electric
Chota Nagpur Plateau. parks are established.
4 India has integrated steel plants, 150 mini steal At present there are more than 500 software firms in
plants and a large number of rolling mills. different parts of India.
Distinguish between : (AP-12,14,JU-14,SE-13,MAR-16,OC-16,JU-16)
1 WATER POLLUTION LAND POLLUTION
1 Water pollution is any chemical, physical or Land pollution is contaminating the land surface of the
biological changes in the quality of water. earth through dumping of urban waste matter.
2 It has a harmful effect on any living thing that It arises from the breakage of underground storage
drinks or uses or lives in it. tanks, application of pesticides and percolation of
contaminated surface water.
3 Water can also be polluted by a number of Direct discharge of Industrial waste, oil and fuel
organic compounds such as oil, plastics and dumping, leaching of wastes from landfills are also the
pesticides in the water which are harmful to causes of land pollution .
humans and animals.
4 This mainly affects the water based ecosystem. This mainly affects Soil fertility.
(AP-15,MAR-17)
2 AIR POLLUTION NOISE POLLUTION
1 Air pollution is a contamination of air by the Human or machines created sound that disrupts the
discharge of harmful substances. activity or balance of human or animal life is noise
pollution.
2 The source of pollutant is both natural and man It is man made pollutants
made.
3 It affects the cardio-vascular systems of the Noise pollution can cause hyper-tension, high stress
human beings. levels, hearing loss, sleep disturbances and other
harmful effects.

Distinguish between : (AP-12, 14,JU-13,SE-12,JU-16)
1 NATIONAL HIGHWAYS STATE HIGHWAYS
1 National highways links the state capitals with State highways links the state capitals with the
national capital. different district headquarters.
2 They are maintained by the Central Public Works They are maintained by the State Public Works
Department(CPWD). Department (SPWD).
3 Example: Varanasi to Kanyakumari - NH-7 Example: Cuddalore to Chittor.
Tamil Nadu to Kerala - NH-47
4 It runs to a length of 92, 851 kms. It runs to a length of 1,31,899 kms.
(AP-13,15,JU-15,SE-13,15,MAR-16,OC-16)
2 EXPORTS IMPORTS
1 Export means goods and services sold for foreign Import refers to goods and services bought from
currency. overseas producers.
India exports nearly 7500 goods to 190 countries India imports nearly 6000 goods from 140
2
of the world . countries.
Example: tea, spices, iron ore, leather, cotton, Example: machines, transport equipments, wheat,
3
textile. petroleum and newsprint.
(AP-14, JU-13,14, SE-12,MAR-17)
3 INTERNAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE
1 Also known as domestic or local trade Also known as external trade
2 Land transport plays a major role. Ocean transport plays a major role.
3 Based on the nation’s currency. Different currencies are involved.
4 E.g: Tea from Asam, Coffee from Karnataka E.g. India supplies iron ore to Japan.
(AP-15,JU-12, SE-13,14,MAR-17)
4 ROADWAYS RAILWAYS
cost efficient and the most popular dominant provide the principal mode of transportation for
1
mode of transport. freight and passengers.
They link different parts of our country. It brings people from the farthest corner of our
2
country.
It is used by all sections of people in the society. It promotes trade, tourism, education and national
3
integration.
The roads are classified into village roads, District Railway lines are classified into three categories
roads, State Highways, National Highways, namely Broad Gauge, Meter Gauge and Narrow
4
Golden Quadrilateral Super high ways, Express Gauge.
ways, Border roads and International Highways.
Road network in India is the second largest in the Indian railways are the fifth largest network in
5
world. Asia.
6 It is classified into eight categories It runs on three categories.
(AP-12, 13, JU-12,14,15,SE-14,MAR-16)
5 AIRWAYS WATERWAYS
Airways is the quickest, costliest most modern Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
1
means of transport.
They carry passengers, freight and mail. They are most suitable for carrying heavy and
2
bulky goods at low cost.
They link local, regional, national and Water ways are in the rivers, canals, backwaters
3
international cities. seas and oceans.
Airways are classified into domestic airway and Water ways are classified into inland waterways
4
international air ways. and ocean routes.
CAPTION QUESTIONS - HISTORY
1. Causes for the rise of Imperialism: (AP-12, SE-14,15)
a) What became the fashion of the later part of the 19th Century?
Imperialism
b) What was the „White man‟s burden‟ ?
To civilize the backward and uncivilized native people of Africa and Asia. The Europeans felt it was
„White man‟s burden‟.
c) Why were the European Nations forced to acquire new colonies?
European nations were forced to acquire new colonies to achieve a balance with their neighbours and
competitors
d) What promoted the spirit of Imperialism?
The discovery of new routes to African and Asian continents promoted the spirit of Imperialism.
2. Battle of Plassey and Buxar: (AP-14, JU-14, MA-17)
a) Who was the Nawab of Bengal in 1757?
Siraj-Ud-Daulah
b) Who introduced the Subsidiary Alliance?
Lord Wellesley
c) Name the policy of Lord Dalhousie.
Doctrine of Lapse
d) When was Queen Victoria‟s proclamation issued?
In 1858
3. Imperialism in China:
a) Why was the trade restricted to the city of Canton and Macao?
The Asian traders adopted the Chinese culture but not the European traders.
b) What were the goods sold by the Chinese to the British?
The Coffee and tea
c) Name the Chinese Empress. How was she known as?
1. Dowager
2. She was known as Old Buddha
d) Who formulated open door policy?
The USA and England
4. Boxer Rebellion: (JU-15)

a) What was the result of the Sino – Japanese war?
China was defeated by Japan
b) Name the Island ceded by China to Japan.
Island of Formosa
c) What led to the out break of Boxer – Rebellion?
The Empress made Chinese youths turn their anger towards the foreign powers.
d) What did the Boxers do?
The Boxers attacked the British, French, German, Japanese and
US settlements and all the Christians in 1899.

1. Ambition of Germany: (AP-13, MAR-16,JU-16)
a) Who was the ruler of Germany during First World War?
Kaiser William II
b) What did he believe?
He believed that his country alone was competent to rule the whole world.
c) What could not be tolerated by him?
The British saying “The sun never sets in the British Empire”
d) Where did he station a fleet?
At Heligoland
2. Balkan Problem: (JU-15,SE-12, 13)
a) Name the Balkan Countries.
Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece and Montenegro
b) How did the First Balkan war come to an end?
The war came to an end by the Treaty of London
c) Why did the other Balkan Countries declare war on Bulgaria?
Because of sharing the spoils of the war, dispute arose between Serbia and Bulgaria.
d) What was the result of the Second Balkan war?
Bulgaria was defeated and Serbia gained more territories.
3. Immediate cause:
a) When did Austria annex Bosnia and Herzegovina?
In 1908
b) Who was the Austrian crown prince?
Francis Ferdinand
c) What happened to him?
He was assassinated by a Serbian lad.
d) What did Austria do?
Austria declared war on Serbia on 28th July 1914.
4. Course of the War: (SE-12,13)
a) Give the duration of the First World War.
July 28, 1914 to November 11, 1918
b) Who were called central powers?
The side of Germany were called central powers
c) Who were called the Allies?
The side of Britain were called the Allies
d) What were used in the war?
Artillery, Tanks and Submarines.
5. War in the Near East Front:
a) When did Turkey enter the war?
In October 1914
b) Why was it consider a terrible blow?
Because communications between Russia and the Allies were cut off.
c) Why did Britain want to capture Gallipoli Peninsula?
To control Dardanelles and capturing Constantinople.
d) What was the results of Dardanelles expedition?
It was an utter failure.
6. Results of the War:
a) How were the terms of the treaties drafted?
Fourteen Points of the American president Woodrow Wilson.
b) What did Germany surrender to France?
Alsace and Lorraine.
c) Where was monarchy abolished?
Germany, Russia, Austria and Turkey.
d) Name the New Republics.
Czechoslovakia and Poland.
7. League of Nations: (JU-12, JU-13,OCT-16)
a) Name the organisations which were found before the League of Nations.
1. The League of Nations Society - 1915
2. The World League for Peace - 1917
3. The League of Free Nations Associations - 1918
4. The League of Nations Union - 1918
b) Where was the League of Nations headquarters situated?
At Geneva in Switzerland.
c) How should the Member Nations solve the problems?
Member Nations should solve the problems only through League of Nations.
d) When did Japan capture Manchuria?
In 1931.
1. Franklin D. Roosevelt: (AP-12,MAR-16)
a) When was the Presidential election held?
In 1932
b) How was Franklin D. Roosevelt commonly known as?
F.D.R.
c) What was his election manifesto?
“I Pledge You, I pledge myself to a New Deal for the Americans”
d) Name the policy formulated by him.
New Deal Policy.
2. Effects of Relief Measures:
a) What did it restore?
It restored confidence among the people on the Government.
b) What did it lay?
It laid a firm foundation for industrial prosperity and led to increased production.
c) Mention the ideas accepted by the Americans as part of there life.
i. Collective bargaining between the employees and the workers.
ii. Regulation of stock exchange.
iii. Restriction on hours of work.
d) What has become synonymous throughout the world?
The New Deal Policy has become synonymous with reforms throughout the world.
1. Fasicist Party: (AP-14, SE-14,OC-16)
a) Who was the founder of Fascist party?
Benito Mussolini
b) Give the slogans of Mussolini.
1. Believe, Obey, Fight
2. The More Force, The More Honour
c) What were the aims of Fascism?
1. Exaltation of the state
2. Protection of private property and
3. Spirited foreign policy.
d) What was the motto of Fascism?
1. Everything within the state
2. Nothing against the state
3. Nothing outside the state
2. Achievements of Fascism:
a) What did Mussolini bring in the Industrial field?
Mussolini brought order and discipline in the industrial field.
b) What do you know about the “Charter of Labour”?
The Charter of Labour issued by Mussolini provided great relief to workers.
c) What were the measures taken by Mussolini in the agricultural field?
Marshes were drained, Canals were dug.
d) When was Latern Treaty signed?
In 1929.
3. Aggressive Foreign Policy of Mussolini:

a) What was Mussolini‟s slogan before the Nation?
“Italy must expand or perish”.
b) When did he capture Albania?
In 1939
c) Name the island bombarded by the Allied Forces.
Sicily Island
d) What was the end of Mussolini?
Mussolini was shot dead by his own countrymen in 1945.
Caption:
1. Adolf Hitler: (AP-15,SE-12,13,MAR-17)
a) Where was Adolf Hitler born?
In Austria
b) What was his father?
Custom Officer
c) What did he organize?
National socialist – Nazi party
d) Name the book written by Hitler.
Mein Kampf ( My struggle)
2. Hitler‟s Aggressive policy:
a) Why did Hitler Conquer territories?
To accommodate the growing population and to accumulate resources.
b) How did he violate the Locarno Treaty of 1925?
In 1936, he reoccupied the Rhineland and violated the treaty.
c) What did he demand from Poland?
He demanded the right to construct a military road connecting East Prussia
with Germany through Poland and also the surrender of Danzig.
d) When did he declare war on Poland?
On 1st September 1939.

1. Causes of the Second World War: (JU-14)
a) Name the treaty signed by Italy, Germany and Japan.
Rome - Berlin - Tokyo axis
b) Mention some of the ideologies that emerged after the First World War.
Democracy, Communism, Fascism and Nazism.
c) What was the policy followed by the statesmen of the major world powers?
Policy of Appeasement
d) What did Hitler violate?
Versailles Treaty and Munich Pact.
2. Operation Barbaressa:
a) Mention the year of operation Barbaressa.
1941
b) What was the wish of Hitler?
Hitler despised communism and wished to destroy it in the land of its birth.
c) What did he order?
A large attack on the Yugoslavia and Greek.
d) When did the Axis countries bring the Balkans under their control?
By the end of April, 1941.
3. End of the war:
a) Where did a big American and British force land?
Normandy
b) With whom did they join?
French forces
c) What did Hitler do?
Hitler committed suicide.
d) When did America drop atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
August 6, and August 9, 1945.
4. Results of the war:
a) Who occupied Japan?
American Forces under General Mc Arthur.
b) Name the two super powers that emerged after the Second World War.
America and Russia
c) Mention some of the countries which got independence after the war.
India, Burma, Egypt, Ceylon and Malaya.
d) Why was UNO set up?
To maintain International peace and harmony.

1. Organs of the UNO:
a) Name the major organs of the UNO.
1. The General Assembly 2. The Security Council 3. The Economic and Social Council
4. The Trusteeship Council 5. The International court of Justice 6. The Secretariat
b) Who was elected as the president of the UN General Assembly in 1953?
Mrs. Vijayalakshmi Pandit
c) What is the function of the Trusteeship Council?
It looks after certain territories placed under the Trusteeship of the UNO.
d) How is the Secretary General of the UNO appointed?
The General Assembly on the advice of Security Council.
2. Major achievements of the UNO: (JU-12,15)
a) Name the treaties signed by the UNO.
i) NTBT in 1963 ii) CTBT in 1996
b) Where was the UN Conference on Environment and Development held?
At Rio de Janeiro in 1992
c) What was adopted by all the countries?
Agenda 21
d) How did UNO tackle Suez Canal crisis?
UNO made France, Britain and Israel to withdraw troops from Egypt.
8. EUROPEAN UNION
1. Organs of the EU:
a) Which is the Legislative body of the EU?
European Parliament
b) What is the function of the European Commission?
It drafts proposals for new European laws and presents to the European Parliament and the
Council.
c) Where is the seat of the Court of Justice?
In Luxemburg
d) Who is responsible for the foreign exchange operation?
The European Central Bank
2. Achievements of EU:
a) What is the symbol of the Euro?
€
b) What did the Euro eliminate?
It eliminated Foreign exchange hurdles and promoted free trade policy.
c) How many members are there in the EU at present?
28
d) Who allocates funds to European research projects?
European Research Council

1. Political causes for the Revolt of 1857: (JU-16)
a) Who introduced Subsidiary Alliance?
Lord Wellesley
b) Name the policy introduced by Lord Dalhousie.
Doctrine of Lapse
c) What was the order issued by the British against the Mughal Emperor?
On the death of Bahadur Shah II and his successor had to give up their ancestral palace and Red
Fort.
d) Why did Nana Saheb develop grudge against the British?
By stopping the pension to Nana Saheb.
2. Revolt at Kanpur: (SE-12, JU-14)
a) Who joined the rebels at Kanpur?
Nana Saheb with Tantia Tope
b) What happened to the English?
The English surrendered to the rebels.
c) Who defeated Nana Saheb?
Sir Colin Campbell
d) When was Kanpur brought under the British control?
By the middle of November 1857
3. Revolt at Central India: (AP-12, JU-13,SE-15,OC-16)
a) Who led the revolt at Central India?
Rani Lakshmi Bai
b) Name the place captured by Rani Lakshmi Bai.
Gwalior
c) What was her end?
She was killed.
d) What did Tantia Tope do?
Escaped but captured and put to death.

1. Brahmo Samaj: (JU-13,SE-15)
a) Who founded Brahmo Samaj?
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
b) What were the languages learnt by Raja Rammohan Roy?
Arabic, Sanskrit, Persian, English, French, Latin, Greek and Hebrew.
c) Name the books written by Raja Rammohan Roy.
Precepts of Jesus Christ, The Guide to Peace and Happiness
d) What did Brahmo Samaj believe?
Universal religion based on the principle of one Supreme God.
2. Arya Samaj: (AP-13, SE-14,15,MAR-16)
a) What was the original name of Swami Dayanandha Saraswathi?
Mul Shankar
b) Who was his guru?
Swami Virjanand
c) What was his motto?
Go Back to Vedas
d) What did the Samaj advocate?
Women education, inter-caste marriage and inter-dining.
3. The Theosophical Society: (JU-12)
a) Who was the founder of the Theosophical Society?
Madame Blavatsky and Henry S.Olcott
b) Why was it founded?
To preach about God and Wisdom
c) Who was the President of this Society in 1893?
Mrs. Annie Besant
d) Where is the headquarters of this Society located?
At Adyar in Chennai
4. Ramakrishna Mission: (SE-13, AP-14)
a) Who was Ramakrishna Paramahamsa?
A Priest in Dakshineswar Kali Temple. Born in an orthodox Brahmin family in Bengal. A social
reformer. Guru of Swami Vivekananda.
b) Who founded the Ramakrishna mission?
Swami Vivekananda
c) When and where was the parliament of Religions held?
In 1893 at Chicago in the USA
d) Who represented the Hindu religion at the parliament of religions?
Swami Vivekananda
5. Aligarh Movement:
a) Name the first religious movements of the Muslims.
Aligarh Movement.
b) What did Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Strongly believe?
The spread of modern education and social reforms among the Muslims.
c) What was his greatest achievement?
The establishment of the Mohammaden Anglo Oriental College at Aligarh in 1875
d) Name the newspaper published by him.
Tahzil-ud-Akhlaq
6. Dr. B.R. Ambedhkar: (AP-15)
a) Who is the messiah of dalits and downtrodden?
Dr. B.R. Ambedhkar
b) Who was the first Law Minister of India?
Dr. B.R. Ambedhkar
c) How was he honoured by the Government of India?
Bharath Ratna award in 1990
d) Why did he lead the Mahad March near Bombay?
To give the untouchables the right to draw water from the public tank the Mahad publicly.
e) When and where he born?
14th April 1891, at Mhow
f) What did he founded?
Outcastes Welfare Association or Bahiskrit Hitkaraini Sabha
1. Factors leading to the rise of Nationalist Movement:
a) How did the national leaders inspire the people?
They inspired the people with the ideas of self respect and self confidence.
b) When was the Vernacular Press Act passed?
In 1878
c) What was the policy of the British?
Divide and Rule
d) How did the British consider the Indians?
The Indians as inferior and uncivilized
2. The Indian National Congress:
a) When was the Indian National Congress founded?
In 1885
b) On whose advice was it founded?
Allan Octavian Hume
c) Where was the first session of the congress held? Who was the Chair person?
Held at Bombay. The chair person was W.C. Bannerjee
d) Name some of the leaders who attended the first session of the Congress.
Dadabai Naoroji, S.N. Banerjee, Madan Mohan Malavya, Gokhale, Mahadev Govind Ranade and
Arabind Ghosh
3. Extremists:
a) Name the extremists leaders.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Roy (Bal-Pal-Lal)
b) What did Tilak declare?
Swaraj is my Birth Right and I shall have it.
c) Name the festivals revived by Tilak.
Ganapathi and Shivaji festivals
d) What was the desire of the militant nationalists? .
To change not only the aim of the congress but also the means to attain it.
4. Jallian Wala Bagh Tragedy: (AP-12, 15, JU-13, SE-12,15,MAR-17)
a) Who were the prominent leaders arrested?
Dr.Satyapal and Dr.Saifuddin Kitchlew
b) Where did the people gather?
At Jallian Wala Bagh in Amritsar
c) Who was the British Military commander of Amritsar?
General Dyer
d) What did Rabindranath Tagore do?
Renounced his Knighthood
1. Simon Commission: (AP-14)
a) Why was Simon Commission appointed?
To enquire into the working of the Act of 1919
b) Why was it an insult to the Indians?
All the members of this commission were English men
c) How was Simon Commission greeted?
With the slogan “Go Back Simon”
d) Name the Indian leader who died during the Simon Commission agitation.
Lala Lajpat Rai
2. The August Offer:
a) When was the August offer announced?
1940
b) What was promised for India after Second World War?
Dominion Status
c) Why was the committee set up?
To frame a constitution for India
d) Who would be appointed in the war council of the Viceroy?
An Indian
3. The Mount Batten Plan: (JU-14)
a) Who became the Governor General of India in 1947?
Lord Mount Batten
b) Who was the last British Governor General?
Lord Mount Batten
c) What was Mount Batten Plan?
India to be divided into Indian Union and Pakistan Union
d) What was the reaction of the Congress and Muslim League?
Accepted this plan
1. C. Rajagopalachari: (JU-16)
a) Where was he born?
Thorapalli
b) Why did he resign his Chief Ministership in 1939?
To protest against the use of Indian men and materials in the Second World War by the British
Government without their consent.
c) What did he introduce during his second term?
The Kula Kalvi Thittam.
d) Why was he often referred as “Chanakya”?
For his Diplomatic Skills.
2. K. Kamaraj: (AP-13,MAR-16)
a) How did he enter into politics?
By taking part in Vaikam Sathyagraha in 1924.
b) Where was he kept in prison in 1930?
In Alipore jail
c) Where did he hoist the Indian National Flag in 1947?
In Sathya murti‟s house
d) When did he die?
On October 2nd 1975.
1. The Justice Party:
a) Who established the Justice Party?
T.M. Nair and Thiyagaraya Chetty
b) When did the Justice Party come to power?
In 1920
c) When was it defeated?
In 1937 elections.
d) Write any two achievements of the Justice Party.
1. The women were granted right to vote in 1921
2. Abolished Devadasi System.
2. Self Respect Movement: (JU-12, SE-13,14)
a) Who started the Self Respect Movement?
E.V. Ramasamy Periyar
b) Why did he start?
To spread and execute his ideas and policies of self respect, social equality and women
liberation
c) When was it started?
In 1925
d) Name the laws passed by the Government due to the constant struggle of Self-
Respect Movement.
Widow Re-marriage Act, Women‟s Right to Property Act, Abolition of Devadasi Act.
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS - HISTORY
1. What were the causes for Imperialism? (JU-13,SE-12,MAR-16)
1. Industrial Revolution :
The Industrial Revolution created a great demand for raw materials and new markets.
2. National security :
Among the European Political groups desired to ensure national security and self-sufficiency
instigated colonial imperialism.
3. Nationalism :
Many nations developed pride over their race, culture and language so, acquired colonies to enhance
prestige.
4. Balance of power :
European nations were forced to acquire new colonies to achieve balance with their neighbours and
competitors.
5. Discovery of new routes :
The discovery of new routes to African and Asian continents promoted the spirit of Imperialism.
6. Growth of Population :
The Population growth and its impact of unemployment forced the Europeans to emigrate in search
of new lands and careers abroad.
2. Explain the techniques of Imperialism.
1. Conquest and Annexation:
In the early modern times, Spaniards, the Frenchmen and the British used to send soldiers to distant
lands. They overpowered the native chiefs and conquered their lands and established colonies.
2. Concession or Franchise:
In the name of franchise the economic resources in a backward region was exploited (e.g.) Bagdad
Railway was built in Turkey by Germany.
3. Leasehold :
Leasehold of a territory also led to the exploitation of economic resources.
(E.g.) Leasehold of Germany over Shantung Peninsula in China for 99 years
4. Sphere of Influence:
Under sphere of influence, economically backward region was developed by powerful countries.
(E.g.) Great Britain and Russia divided Persia under their control. The Europeans followed the
technique in China.
5. Protectorate:
By this technique, a powerful nation placed native puppet ruler in charge of a backward region.
(E.g.) France established protectorate over Morocco.
6. Economic or Tariff Control:
Under this system, the powerful nations controlled the finances of the weaker region.
(E.g.) Ottoman Public Debt Administration.
7. Mandate System:
The League of Nations delegated its authorities most of the former colonies and backward regions
as agents or mandatories.
3. What were the effects of Imperialism? (AP-14, OCT-16)
Positive Effects:
1. The imperialistic countries developed the transport and communication facilities in the weaker nations.
2. The improved medical care and sanitation facilities were introduced.
3. They Introduced new farming methods and increased food production.
4. Such kind of improvements provided better standard of living.
5. The colonies were provided Education.
6. It promoted order and discipline and unity in countries.
Negative Effects:
1. The colonies had no freedom. They were exploited and treated as slaves.
2. Imperialism led to the exploitation of the natural resources of the colonies.
3. The colonies were used as the suppliers of raw materials and markets for finished products.
4. The colonies plunged into poverty and unemployment due to the disappearance of indigenous
industries.
5. Traditional culture of the colonies got affected due to the introduction of Western culture.
6. Due to slave trade Africa faced the extinction of some of its races.
7. Some colonies suffered due to the policy of racial discrimations.
4. Describe First and Second Opium Wars. (JU-12,SE-15)

a) First opium war – A.D 1839 –A.D 1842 :
1. Causes:
i. The British started to grow opium in India and sell it in China.
ii. They sold opium for Chinese goods, or even for gold.
iii. The Chinese thought that their peace was disturbed by the Europeans.
iv. The European traders were irritated by high custom duties they had to pay.
v. They did not like the attitude of China in curbing the import of opium.
2. Course:
i. The British enjoyed good profit out of Opium trade.
ii. To continue the trade of opium they resorted to a war in 1839 in the name of First Opium
War.
3. Results:
i. The Chinese were defeated
ii. By concluding the Treaty of Nanking in 1842.
iii. The British got the Island of Hong Kong from China.
iv. The Chinese opened five ports to the British Traders.
v. The British were given extra territorial jurisdiction in criminal cases.
b) Second opium war – A.D 1857 – A.D 1860

1. Causes:
i. The foreigners demanded more ports for trade.
ii. The Chinese government rejected this demand.
2. Course:
i. In 1857 Canton was captured by the British and French.
ii. It was called the Second Opium war.
3. Results:
i. The Chinese were defeated.
ii. The Chinese signed the Treaty of Peking in 1860.
iii. The Chinese gave up the port of Kowloon to Great Britain.

1. How can we say that the Balkan problem led to the First World War?
1. Weakness :
The Balkan countries like Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece and Montenegro proclaimed their
independence from the Ottoman Empire due to its weakness.
2. Balkan War - I :
In 1912, the Balkan countries declared war on Turkey. This is known as the First Balkan War.
Turkey was defeated.
3. Treaty of London:
The war came to an end by the Treaty of London.
4. Sharing :
Dispute arose between Serbia and Bulgaria in sharing the spoils of war.
5. Bulgaria :
In 1913, the other Balkan countries declared war on Bulgaria.
6. Serbia :
Bulgaria was defeated and Serbia gained more territories.
7. Germany :
Turkey and Bulgaria approached Germany to regain its territories. It resulted in the first world war.
2. What were the results of the first world war?
1. Heavy loss :
It caused a heavy loss of property and human lives
2. League of Nations :
The League of Nations was formed with the main aim of averting another war and maintaining
international peace.
3. Democracy :
Monarchy was abolished in Germany, Russia, Austria and Turkey.
4. Germany :
The army of Germany was reduced and to pay high war indemnity.
5. Treaties :
The victorious nations forced the defeated nations with unfair treaties, it sowed the seeds for another
world war.
6. Independence :
Lithuvania, Latvia and Esthonia were granted independence.
7. 14 points :
President Woodrow Wilson put forward his famous fourteen points.
8. New Republics:
New Republics of Czechoslovakia and Poland were born.
3. What were the achievements of League of Nations ? (SE-12,13)
1. Standard of education :
It attempted to raise the standard of education in various states.
2. Refugees and lepors :
It extended its helping hand in solving the problems of refugees and lepors. It whole heartedly
promoted cultural co-operation among the nations.
3. Problems solved :
It settled the problems of various countries.
Greece - Italy
Germany - Russia
Sweden - Finland
4. Border disputes :
It settled the border disputes between
Greece - Bulgaria
Peru - Columbia
Poland - Germany
5. International Court :
The International Court of Justice handled more than thirty cases.
It delivered judgments in some cases and in other cases gave advisory opinions.
6. Prevent diseases :
Through its other organs the League prevented the spread of many diseases.
4. Enumerate the causes for the failure of the League of Nations.
1. Settling disputes :
The League of Nations did not succeed in its prime aim of settling disputes among nations through
peace.
2. U.S.A not a member :
The U.S.A could not become a member, hence the league looked like a building without deep
foundation.
3. Member nations :
Whenever the member nations were not happy with the attitude of the League, they were permitted
to go out.
4. Japan resigned :
The League protested against the capture of Manchuria by Japan in 1931. So Japan resigned from
the League. It weakened the League.
5. Permanent force :
The League of Nations did not have a permanent force or army of its own to implement its policies.
6. Rise of dictatorship :
The rise of dictatorship in Italy, Japan and Germany weakened the chances of success of the
League.
7. Lacked practical wisdom :
The statesman who dominated the League lacked practical wisdom and it began to be called by
some as „Geneva Conference of Fools‟.
1. Write A Paragraph about Relief, Recovery and Reforms introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt. (AP-
12,15, JU-15)
1. The New Deal policy
F.D. Roosevelt formulated New Deal policy. The Basic concepts of the New Deal Policy were
Relief, Recovery and Reforms.
2. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
This project was established for the promotion of construction of dams, power plants, navigation
projects, flood control projects, soil conservation and reforestation programmes.
3. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was set up to provide with 500 million dollars to be
given to the State and local governments.
4. The Federal Reserve Banks (FRB)
Federal Reserve Bank was set up to provide loans to banking Institutions and Industries.
5. The Security Exchange Act (SEA)
The Security Exchange Act 1934, issued license to stock exchange.
6. The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
The National Industrial Recovery Act was passed to reform the conditions of the workers by raising
wages and lowering their working hours.
7. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
The Agricultural Adjustment Act was passed to provide compensation to farmers who curtailed
agricultural production there by to raise prices.

1. What were the achievements of Fascism under Mussolini? (SE-13)
1. Peace and order :
Mussolini established peace and order.
2. Stable government :
He was able to provide a stable government.
3. Discipline Industrial field :
He brought order and discipline in the industrial field.
4. Charter of Labour :
The Charter of Labour issued by him provided great relief to workers.
5. Increase production :
There were no strikes, there was increase in production.
6. Reclamation projects :
Marshes were drained, Canals were dug and reclamation projects were launched.
7. Electricity schemes :
Hydro electricity schemes were undertaken.
8. Transportation :
Railways and other means of transportation were improved.
9. Latern Treaty :
He put an end to the conflict between Papacy and the Italian government by signing Latern Treaty
in 1929.
10. Pope recognized :
Pope recognized the sovereignty of the king in Rome.
2. Write a paragraph on Mussolini‟s aggressive foreign policy.

1. Vigorous policy :
Mussolini began to follow the vigorous and forward foreign policy.
2. Prestige of Italy :
He was determined to raise the prestige of Italy in the eyes of the world.
3. Italy expand :
Mussolini‟s slogan before the nation was “Italy must expand or perish”.
4. Annexation policy :
1. In 1936, he annexed Ethiopia.
2. In 1937, he left the League of Nations.
3. In 1939, he captured Albania.
5. Axis Treaty :
He joined Rome –Berlin – Tokyo axis.
6. Second World War :
1. The Second World War brought disaster to Italy.
2. In 1941, Italy lost its territories in Africa.
7. End of War :
1. Mussolini failed to cope up with the financial burden of the War.
2. Mussolini was shot dead by his own countrymen in 1945.

1. How did Hitler establish Nazi rule in Germany?
Adolf – Hitler:
1. Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria.
2. His father was a Custom Officer.
3. He lost his parents from his earlyhood. So he went to Vienna for job and was a painter for
sometime.
4. During First World War he joined the army and fought bravely for which he was awarded the Iron cross.
Rise of Nazist party:
1. After the war he did not get any job. So he organized a group of men called the National Socialists
in 1919 which became Nazist party
2. The followers of Hitler were called “Brown Shirts”.
3. They were called Hitler as “Fuhrer” (Leader).
4. His party emblem was Swastika.
5. His secret Police was Gestapo.
Capture of power:
1. In 1923 he made an attempt to capture power. It was known as “Beer Hall Revolution”. But he failed.
2. He was arrested for high treason and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment.
3. While he was in prison he wrote a book called “Mein Kampf” (My Struggle) which became the
bible of Nazis.
4. In the election of 1932, he became the Chancellor.
Conclusion:
1. On the death of President Hindenburg in 1934 Hitler made himself President and Chancellor.
2. He abolished the Weimar Republic and proclaimed Third Reich (Empire) with himself as dictator.
3. He became the dictator of Germany with Nazi party.
2. Explain Hitler‟s aggressive policy.
1. Forward Foreign Policy : Hitler followed a „Forward and aggressive Foreign Policy‟.
2. Rearmed Germany : Hitler introduced conscription and rearmed Germany.
3. Conquered territories : He conquered territories to accommodate his growing population and to
accumulate resources.
4. Left League of Nations : He pulled Germany out of the League of Nations in 1933.
5. Reoccupy Rhineland : In 1936, he reoccupied the Rhineland, the demilitarized zone
6. Axis : In November 1937, he formed an Alliance with Italy and Japan in the name of Rome-Berlin-
Tokyo Axis.
7. Annexed Austria : He annexed Austria in 1938.
8. Munich Agreement : He signed the Munich Agreement in 1938 with Britain that no more
territories would be annexed. But he broke it in 1939.
9. Military road Poland : He demanded to construct a military road through Poland.
10. Declared war : When Poland denied, Hitler declared war on Poland on 1st Sep. 1939, thus sparkling
the Second World War.

1. Write any five causes for the out break of Second World War. (AP-14)
1. Treaty of Versailles
i. Germany loses all her colonies.
ii. Army of Germany was reduced.
iii. Germany was stamped as an Aggressor and levied a huge was indemnity.
2. Rise of Japan
i. The industrial development and economic growth forced Japan to follow imperialism.
ii. It signed Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis with Italy and Germany and sowed the seeds for Second
World War.
3. Rise of Dictatorship
i. The rise of new ideologies such as Democracy, Communism Fascism, and Nazism.
ii. The acquiring policy of Mussolini and Hitler led to Second World War.
4. Formation of Axis powers
i. Germany, Italy and Japan joined together and formed Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis.
ii. Adolf Hitler, the leader of the German National Socialist (Nazi) party, preached a racist brand
of Nazism.
5. Immediate cause
i. Hitler demanded Poland to construct a Army route through Poland.
ii. In 1939, Poland refused it. Thus started the Second World War on 1 September, 1939.
2. Write a paragraph on Soviet attack and Battle of Britain.
a) The Battle of Britain (1940)
1. Hitler sent his air force Luftwaffe to drop bombs on Britain.
2. “U” Boats torpedoed many British ships.
3. During the month of August and September 1940, Luftwaffe continuously bombed London
and other cities daily.
4. Though the British suffered heavy losses at first it managed under Winston Churchill and
turned the air strike against Germany.
b) Soviet attack
1. On June 22, 1941 Hitler invaded Russia.
2. It was the time of Russian winter and it stalled the German (army) to a halt at the gates of
Moscow.
3. Stalin had planned to evacuate the city.
4. Russians followed Scorched Earth Policy.
5. They abandoned the villages and set fire to crops, roads, railways, factories and even houses.
6. After a long besiege of five months, the Germans were able to capture the empty city of
Moscow.
7. After suffering a crushing defeat in Russia they retreated in January, 1944.
3. What were the results of the Second World War? (SE-13,JU-15,16)

1. Losses :
1. Over 50 millions lost their lives
2. The destruction of life and property was on a much large scale.
2. End of Dictatorship :
1. It sounded the death knell to dictatorship in Germany and Italy.
3. Dividing Germany :
1. Germany was divided into two parts.
2. The West Germany was controlled by Britain, France and America and the East Germany by Russia.
4. Japan Surrender :
Japan was occupied by American forces under General Mc Arthur.
5. Weakened Country :
The war weakened Britain and France.
6. Super power countries :
America and Russia became super power countries.
7. Cold war :
A cold war started between Russia and America.
8. Freedom countries :
India, Burma, Ceylon, Egypt and Malaya got freedom from Britain.
9. End of imperialism :
The European countries gave up the policy of imperialism and colonialism.
10. UNO formed :
The United Nations Organisation (UNO) was set up to maintain International peace and harmony.
11. National movements:
The war quickened the phase of national movements in Asia and Africa.

1. Explain the functions of the organs of the UNO.
1. General Assembly
i. It is the deliberative body of the UNO
ii. It has the right to discuss and make recommendations on all matters within the scope of the UN Charter.
iii. It consists of representatives of all member countries.
2. The Security Council
i. The main responsibility of the Security Council is to maintain international peace and security.
ii. The council has five permanent members have the right to VETO for any Council‟s decision.
3. The Economic and Social Council
It co-ordinates the economic and social work of the United Nations and the specialized agencies.
4. The Trusteeship Council
i. It looks after certain territories placed under the trusteeship of the UNO.
ii. Most of these territories were taken from nations defeated at the end of the World War II.
5. International Court of Justice
i. It is the principal judicial body of the UNO
ii. It tries cases of the member countries which are brought before the court.
6. The Secretariat
i. The administrative functions of the UNO are performed by the Secretariat.
ii. The Secretary General is the Chief Administrative Officer of the UNO.
iii. The Secretary General appointed by the General for five years.
2. What are the major achievements of the UNO? (AP-12, SE-12,MAR-16,OC-16)
1. Peace and Security : UNO has rendered a great service in establishing Peace and Security.
2. International Court of Justice : Political disputes by Security Council, Legal disputes by International
Court of Justice and others by special agencies solved the problems.
3. International disputes : UNO has solved many International disputes.
4. Peaceful negotiations : It preserves peace in the world through peaceful negotiations.
5. Settled disputes : It settled disputes between Israel and Palestine, Iran and Iraq and withdrawal of Soviet
troops from Afghanistan.
6. Nuclear Test Ban treaties : It has signed many Nuclear Test Ban treaties like NTBT in 1963 and CTBT in 1996.
7. Conference of environment : UN has conducted the conference of environment and development at Rio
de Janeiro in 1992.
8. Agenda 21 : “Agenda 21” a blueprint to promote economic development and protect sustainable
development or the concept of economic growth while protecting natural resources was adopted 1992 at
Rio de Janeiro conference.
9. Women Issues : The UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and the International Research and
Training Institute for the Advancement of women (INSTRAW) have supported programmes and projects
to improve the quality of life for women in over 100 countries.
10. Quality of life : It has supported many programmes and projects to improve the quality of life for women
in over 100 countries.
11. Suez Canal crisis : The UNO played a vital role in the Suez Canal crisis of 1956. It made France, Britain
and Israel to withdraw troops from Egypt.
12. End of War : The UNO also settled the Korean War and Vietnam War.
8. EUROPEAN UNION
1. What are the achievements of the European Union?
1. Single market :
i. The EU has developed a single market.
ii. It maintains common policies of trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development.
iii. It ensures the free movement of people, goods services and capital including the abolition of passport controls.
2. Security Policy :
i. EU plays the role of a legal personality.
ii. It has representatives in WTO , G-8, g-20 and the UNO.
iii. It enacts legislation in justice and home affairs.
3. Single currency :
i. Euro - € is the single currency.
ii. It promoted free trade policy.
iii. Euro eliminates foreign exchange hurdles.
4. Enlargement of EU :
The EU has grown from six to twenty seven member states today.
5. Scientific Research :
i. Scientific development is facilitated through the EU frame work.
ii. The independent European Research Council allocates funds to European or national research projects.
6. Relation with UNO :
i. It has established a strong relationship with the UNO.
ii. The EU is the largest contributor of foreign aid in the world.
iii. Unity was brought by the EU in the Eurozone.
1. What were the Administrative and Military Causes of the great Revolt of 1857? (AP-13,MAR-17)
Administrative Causes
1. The British replaced Persian language by English as the court language.
2. The most affected part of British administration was the revenue system.
3. The peasants had to pay heavy land taxes.
4. The British excluded the Indians from all high civil and military jobs.
5. The Judicial system of the British was costly, mechanical and involved much time.
Military Causes
1. Indian Sepoys were paid less than the British.
2. No promotion for Indian soldiers.
3. The sepoys were also insulted very badly.
4. The feeling of discontent was intensified by Lord Canning‟s General Service Enlistment Act
ordering all recruits of the Bengal army to be ready for service both within and outside India.
5. The number of Indian soldiers was five times more than that of the British.
2. Enumerate the causes for the failure of The Great Revolt of 1857. (JU-12,13,14, AP-15)
1. Disunity
There was no unity among the Indians
2. Not widespread :
The revolt did not spread beyond North India
3. Not participate :
South India, Punjab, Sind and Rajasthan did not participate.
4. Not support :
The educated Indians and Indian rulers did not support the revolt.
5. No modern weapons :
The rebellious soldiers had to fight with traditional weapons whereas the British used modern weapons.
6. No match Generals :
The Indian leaders like Nana Saheb, Rani Lakshmi Bai, Tantia Tope were no match to the British
generals.
7. No common idea :
1. There was no common aim among the Indians.
2. The Muslims wanted to revive the Mughal rule.
3. The Hindus wanted to bring back the Peshwa Raj.
4. The rebels had no common idea.
8. Divide and Rule :
The British won over the revolt with their diplomatic policy of Divide and Rule.
9. No Communication :
Telegraph and postal communications were in favour of the British.
It helped for their proper military actions.
10. Zamindars not join
A large number of Indian rulers and the big Zamindars did not join the revolt.
3. Mention the results of the Great Revolt of 1857. (SE-14)

1. End of company rule :
The Great Revolt put an end to the Company‟s rule in India in 1858.
2. Administration Change :
The Administration of India was directly taken over by the British Crown.
3. Board abolished :
The Board of Control and the Court of Directors were abolished.
4. Secretary created :
The Secretary of state was created for India.
He was to be assisted by an Indian Council of 15 members.
5. Adoption right :
The Indian Princes were given the right of adoption.
6. Army reorganized :
The Indian Army was thoroughly re-organized.
7. Religious Freedom :
Full religious freedom was granted to Indians.
8. Seed National Movement :
No doubt, the Great Revolt of 1857 sowed the seeds for National Movement in India.
9. Magna Carta :
The proclamation issued by Queen Victoria is described as the Magna Carta of India.
10. Governor General :
The Governor General of India was designated as the Viceroy of India.

1. Write a paragraph on Brahmo Samaj.
1. Founder :
Brahmo Samaj was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828.
2. Universal Religion :
It believed in a Universal Religion based on the principle of one supreme god.
3. Condemned policy :
The Samaj condemned idol worship, costly rites and rituals, caste distinctions, untouchability,
practice of sati, polygamy and child marriage.
4. Sati abolished :
Because of Raja Ram Mohan Roy‟s hard work, Lord William Bentinck passed Sati Prohibition Act
in 1829.
5. Supported :
He supported inter caste marriage and widow remarriage.
6. Encourage English :
He encouraged the study of English Language and the Western Science in India.
7. Western studies :
By the western studies the various superstitions, blind-faiths and the like were removed from India.
8. Followers :
After the death of Raja Rammohan Roy, the work of the Samaj was carried by Keshab Chandra Sen
and Devendranath Tagore.
9. Abolish Child marriage :
Due to the effort of Keshab Chandra Sen, an act was passed in 1872 to abolish polygamy and child
marriage.
10. Respect Women :
It tried to obtain a respectable position for women in the Indian Society.
2. Explain the activities of the Ramakrishna Mission.
Educational work, Health care, cultural activities, Rural uplifetment, Tribal welfare and Youth movement.
1. Medical Mission :
The Ramakrishna Mission has its own hospitals, charitable dispensaries, maternity clinics,
tuberculosis clinics and mobile dispensaries.
2. Training Nurses :
It also maintains training centers for nurses.
3. Orphanages Home :
Orphanages and homes for the elderly are included in the Mission‟s field of activities, along with
rural and tribal welfare work.
4. Education Institution :
In educational activities, the Ramakrishna Mission has established many renowned educational
institutions in India.
5. Own centres :
It has own University, Colleges, Vocational training centers.
6. Relief operations :
It has also involved in disaster relief operations during famine, epidemic, fire, flood, earthquake,
cyclones and communal disturbances.
7. Lighting system :
It played an important role in the installation of Photovoltaic (PV) lighting system in the Sundarbans
region of West Bengal.
8. Provide Electricity :
The PV lighting was used to provide electricity to the people who were traditionally depending on
kerosene and diesel.
3. “Ramalinga Adigal played a prominent role in the Social and Religious Reform movements” - Justify.
1. Sangam formed :
Ramalinga Adigal formed Samarasa Suddha Sanmarga Sangam in 1865.
In 1872, he established Sathya Gnana Sabai.
2. Socio-religious Reformer :
He was a prominent socio-religious reformer of the 19th century in Tamilnadu.
3. Songs :
His songs and works were harmonious blend of social reforms and religious sentiments.
His devotional songs are compiled in a volume called “Thiru Arutpa”.
4. Casteless society :
He favoured a casteless society guided by God in the form of „Arul Perum Jyothi‟.
5. Universal brotherhood :
He promoted universal love and brotherhood.
6. Worship :
He advocated that feeding the poor is the highest form of worship.
7. Feeding poor :
He organized Sathya Dharma Salai in 1867 at Vadalur for feeding the poor.
8. Spirituality :
According to Vallalar the “Master key to spirituality” is love.
9. Veg Food :
He emphasized on vegetarian food.
He forbade the killing of animals for the sake of food.
10. Path of Moksha :
His primary teaching – „Service to mankind is the path of Moksha‟.

1. Write any five factors that promoted the rise of Nationalist Movement. (JU-14)
1. British imperialism
i. It brought about the unification of the Country and think as one nation.
ii. The British imperialism made the people of the whole of India think a one nation.
2. Contact with the European Countries
i. Indians were motivated by the unification of Germany and Italy.
ii. Though English language they were able to understand the ideas and culture of the western
country.
3. Modern Methods of Transport and Communication
i. It helped the Indian leaders to carry on their ideas to every nook and corner of the country.
ii. The frequent meeting of the leader and their personal contact with the people in different parts
of the country gave a momentum to the nationalist movement in the country.
4. The great leaders of India
i. The great leaders played an important role in the development of national awakening.
ii. They encouraged people to fight against the foreign rule.
5. The Indian Press and Literature
i. Patriotic writers brought national awakening among Indians.
ii. It spread national consciousness among the masses of India and stamped their minds with ideas
of freedom.
2. Write a paragraph on Partition of Bengal.
Partition of Bengal:
1. Lord Curzon :
In 1905, Lord Curzon made the Partition of Bengal.
2. Two parts :
He divided Bengal into two parts,
a) East Bengal and Assam on one side,
b) West Bengal and Bihar on the other side.
3. Break the unity :
Indians thought that this partition was to break the unity of people and to flare up confrontation
between the Hindus and the Muslims.
4. Extremist angered :
This angered the moderates and extremists.
5. Divide Rule policy :
They called it as an introduction of the policy of „Divide and Rule‟.
6. Revoked :
Due to violent criticism and agitation the partition was revoked in 1911.
7. Swadeshi Movement :
It paved the way for the birth of the Swadeshi Movement, an economic boycott.

1. Explain the stages of Non-Co-operation Movement of 1920-22. Why was it suspended? (AP12,14, SE14)
Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM)
1. The Congress started the Non-Co-operation Movement in 1920.
2. To show their opposition for the Rowlatt Act, Jallian Wala Bagh massacre and Mantague Chelmsford
reforms, Gandhi started Non-Co-operation Movement.
3. The movement was observed in three stages.
First Stage
Indians who received titles and honours from the British renounced them in protest.
Second stage
1. There were large scale demonstration including hartals.
2. All Government institution including schools, colleges, offices and legislatures were boycotted.
3. Important leaders were arrested and imprisoned.
Third stage
1. The most important and final stage of the movement was non-payment of taxes.
2. The congress session held in 1921 at Ahmadabad called upon the people not to pay taxes to the
Government till their demands were met.
3. The non co-operation movement was in its full swing, hartals and lock-out were all over the country.
Reasons for suspension
1. When the Non co-operation movement was full swing, Gandhiji advised his followers not to involve
in violence.
2. On February 5,1922 at Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh a procession of thousand peasants was organized.
3. The police fired at the peasants.
4. In retaliation the angry peasants attacked and burnt the police station killing 22 police men.
5. Gandhiji was upset and suspended the Non Co-operation Movement immediately.
2. Write a short note on Salt - Sathyagraha. (SE-12,15,OC-16)
1. Causes for the Salt Sathyagragha: (Civil Disobedience Movement – CDM)
i. The British Government levied tax on common salt used by millions of people.
ii. It hit the poor hard. So Gandhiji started the civil disobedience movement 12th March 1930.
iii. This movement is known as Salt Sathyagragha or the civil Dis – obedience movement .
2. Dandi March:
i. Gandhi and 78 chosen followers including Sarojini Naidu left Sabramathi Ashram in Ahmadabad
to Dandi.
ii. It covered nearly a distance of 400 kms. This March is popularly known as “Dandi March”
iii. Gandhiji and thousands of Indians who had joined him during the course of the March, Dandi on
6th April, 1930. The slogan “Vande Matharam echoed every where.
iv. Gandhiji broke the salt laws on the same day by preparing salt from the water.
v. The and picked up a handful of salt from the beach.
Results:
i. Gandhiji was arrested and put into the prison.
ii. In Tamilnadu Raja Gopalachari organized a march from Trichy to Vedaranyam on Tanjore coast
to break the Salt laws.
3. What is the importance of Three Round Table Conferences? (JU-15)
Round Table Conferences (1930-32)
1) The First Round Table Conference (1930)
2) The Second Round Table Conference (1931)
3) The Third Round Table Conference (1932)
1. The First Round Table Conference (1930)
1. The British could not suppress the civil dis-obedience movement.
2. In order to solve the polished deadlock called the first Rould Table Conference London in 1930.
3. Congress was not attended and it ended in failure.
2. The Second Round Table Conference (1931)
1. As per the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji attended this conference.
2. No decision could be reached regarding the communal questions and constitutional changes.
3. When Gandhiji landed in India he was arrested and the Congress was banned.
4. So the Civil Disobedience Movement was once again revived.
3. The Third Round Table Conference (1932)
1. No Congress leaders participated in the Third Round Table Conference.
2. It ended in failure without the participation of the Congress Leaders.
4. Write a Paragraph on Quit India Movement. (AP-15)
1. Failure Cripps Mission :
1. The Cripps Mission failed, changed in Gandhiji‟s attitude.
2. He felt that non-violent methods so far followed did not yield the desired effect.
3. Therefore he asked for the complete withdrawal of the British from India.
2. Resolution passed :
1. Gandhiji asked British to Quit India
2. Congress passed a resolution on 8th August 1942 demanding the immediate withdrawal of the
British from India.
3. Gandhi‟s memorable speech :
1. Gandhi said, “I am not going to be satisfied with anything short of complete freedom.
We shall either free India or die in the attempt.”
4. Leaders arrested :
1. Gandhiji, Nehru, Abul Kalam Azad and other important leaders of the Congress were arrested.
2. Due to lack of proper leadership violent riots took place everywhere.
5. Second World War :
1. At the end of Second World War, Labour party leaders Clement Atlee came to power in England.
2. He withdrew all the prohibitory orders imposed on the Congress by the British.
3. Also deputed a mission to find a solution for India‟s problem.
5. Write about the role of Subash Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army in our freedom struggle.
Subash Chandra Bose and INA 1942
1. Join INC :
1. Subash Chandra Bose joined the National Congress in 1927 and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru.
2. He was popularly called Netaji.
3. Netaji was the source of Inspiration for the youth and the masses and made several youth to join
the national movement.
2. Congress President :
1. He was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1938.
2. He started the Forward Bloc Party in 1939.
3. He toured many countries and earned their sympathy for India.
3. Form INA :
1. When he went to Burma in 1942, Burma was captured by Japan.
2. There many Indian prisoners were released and Subash Chandra Bose entered into collaboration
with the Japanese Government.
3. With these 20,000 soldiers he formed the Indian National Army of Indians.
4. Subash Chandra Bose became the Supreme commander of the INA or Azad Hind Fauj.
5. A women‟s regiment named after the Rani of Jhansi under Lakshmi from Tamil Nadu was
formed.
4. Slogan :
1. His slogans „Jai Hind‟ echoed throughout India. 2. „Delhi Chalo‟ was another famous slogan of Bose.
5. End of Second World War :
1. In 1945 Japan was forced to surrender.
2. Indian National Army soldiers were arrested.
3. Netaji hurried back to Tokyo from Bangkok
4. It is believed that Bose was killed in an air crash on the way.

1. Explain the contributions of Madras Mahajana Sabha.
Madras Mahajana Sabha:
1. Madras Native Association :
Madras Native Association was established by Harley, Lakshminarasu Chetty and Srinivasa Pillai in 1852.
2. Association merged :
In 1884, this Association was merged with the Madras Mahajana Sabha established by
S. Ramaswami Mudhaliar, P. Anandacharlu and P.Rangaiah Naidu.
3. Aim :
1. The Sabha functioned at the office of „The Hindu‟ , Ellis Road Junction at Mount Road.
2. The Sabha voiced out the fundamental rights of our countrymen.
4. Salt Sathyagraha Movement :
1. The Sabha organized the Salt Sathyagraha Movement on April 22nd in Madras George Town,
Esplanade, High Court and Beach areas.
2. When the British Government banned the congress party, the Madras Mahajana Sabha conducted
numerous exhibitions like All India Khadi Exhibition, Swadeshi Exhibition.
3. Through these Exhibitions the Sabha developed the Partriotic feelings in the hearts of our
countrymen.
5. Leader‟s visit :
1. The father of our Nation – Mahatma Gandhiji had delivered a speech at the meeting of Mahajana
Sabha on October 24th , 1896.
2. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru also had participated in the Golden Jubilee celebrations of the sabha
2. Bharathiar is a freedom fighter – Prove. (JU-12, SE-13,MAR-16)

1. Tamil Teacher :
i) Bharathi was born in Ettayapuram in Tuticorin district.
ii) He worked as Tamil Teacher in 1904 at Madurai.
2. Assistant Editor :
He was the Assistant editor of Swadeshimithran in 1904.
3. Congress movement :
In 1907 he attended the Surat Conference of the Congress to support the demand for swaraj along
with Tilak and Aurobindo.
4. Editor :
i) In April 1907 he became the editor of the Tamil Weekly „India‟ and English Newspaper „Bala
Bharatham‟
ii) In 1908, he organised a huge public meeting to celebrate Swaraj Day.
5. Poems :
i) His inspiring poems are „Vande Matram‟, „Achamillai Achamillai‟, „Enthaiyum Thayum‟,
„Jaya Bharatham‟.
ii) Free copies of these poems were given to people.
6. British against :
i) In 1908, he gave evidence in favour of V.O.Chidambaram Pillai in the case which had been
instituted by the British against V.O.C.
ii) After the First World War Bharathiar was arrested near Cuddalore in November 1918.
iii) He was kept in custody for three weeks and then got released.
iv) Once again Bharathiar resumed the editorship of Swadeshimithran in Madras.
1. Write a paragraph on the formation and achievements of the Justice Party. (JU-12, SE-13,14)
Formation of Justice Party:
1. The justice Party officially known as South Indian Liberal Federation was a political party in the Madras
Presidency of British India.
2. This party was established in 1916 by T.M. Nair and Thiyagaraya Chetty.
3. During its early years, the party involved in petitioning the imperial administrative bodies.
4. It demanded more representation for Non-Brahmins in administration.
5. Since this party published Dravidian in Tamil, Andhra Prakasika in Telugu and Justice in English, it is
called as Justice party.
Achievements of the Justice Party:
1. Pioneer of Case based Reservation:
i. The Justice Party Government set right the imbalance in the presentation of different communities
and improved the Status of Depressed Classes.
ii. It is introduced case based remembered for the reservation.
2. Education :
i. College committees were created to regulate the higher educational institutions.
ii. In 1925, Andhra University and in 1929 Annamalai University were opened.
3. Right to vote :
In Women were granted the right to vote in 1921.
4. Mid-day meal :
i. Mid-day meal schemes at Thousand lights introduced by Thiyagaraya Cheetiar.
ii. It causes increased the strength of students in the school.
5. Hindu Religious Endowment Bill :
i. To regulate temple accounts, Temple Committees were created.
ii. In 1926 the Hindu Religious Endowment Bill was passed.
6. Abolished Devadasi system :
It abolished Devadasi system, prevented immoral traffic of Women and passed Industrial Act.
7. Free patta system :
Free patta system for housing sites to the poor was introduced.
8. Staff Selection Board
It created Staff Selection Board in 1924 and it became the Public Service Commission in 1929.
9. Medical Education :
It gave encouragement to Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani Medical Education.
10. Reservation :
It provided reservation of appointments in Local bodies and Educational Institutions for Non-Brahmins.
2. “Dr.Muthulakshmi‟s contribution to Tamil Society is beyond description” –Prove the statement.

1. First women Doctor :
Dr. Muthulakshmi‟s Reddy was the first woman to get a degree in medicine in India.
2. Cancer Hospital :
She started Cancer Relief Hospital in 1949.
3. Devadasi System :
1. She dedicated herself to the cause of removing the cruel practice of Devadasi system from Tamil
Nadu.
2. She was personally praised by Gandhiji for her active propaganda against Devadasi system.
3. She was supported by Thiru V. Kalyana Sundaranar and Periyar in her efforts against Devadasi
System.
4. All India Women Conference :
1. In 1930, she organized All India Women Conference at Pune.
2. She was the President of Indian Women Association from 1933 to 1947.
5. Avvai Illam :
She started Avvai Illam in Chennai an Orphanage.
6. Political
She was nominated to the Tamil Nadu Legislative council in 1929.
3. “Moovalur Ramamirdham is a freedom fighter and a Social Reformer”– Justify the statement.(SE-15)
Freedom Fighter :
1. Fight for right :
Ramamirdham Ammaiyar decided to fight for their emancipation of humiliated women.
2. Join INP :
She joined the Indian National Party and organized the conference of Isai Vellalar at Mayiladurai in
1925.
3. Take part :She inspired women to take part in the National Movement on a large scale.
4. National awakening :
With the support of Rajaji, Periyar and Thiru.V.Ka., She brought national awakening among the
people of Tamil Nadu especially on women.
Social Reformer :
1. Isai Vellalar women :
Isai Vellalar women were ill-treated and humiliated by the landlords and Zamindars in the name of
caste.
2. Devadasi Abolition Act :
1. On seeing the attrocities and cruelties she decided to fight for their emancipation.
2. She travelled all over the country and spoke about the miseries for her own girls.
3. She won the support of many leaders.
4. She raised slogans against the cruel practice of Devadhasis.
5. As a result, the Government passed “Dr. Muthulakshmi Devadasi Abolition Act”.
3. Marriage Assistance Scheme :
1. In her memory, the Government of Tamil Nadu has instituted the “Moovalur Ramamirdham
Ammal Ninaivu Marriage Assistance Scheme”.
2. It is a social welfare scheme to provide financial assistance to poor women.
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS - GEOGRAPHY

1. „India is a sub-continent‟ – Justify. (SE-13,JU-16)
A continent possesses distinct characteristics of diverse
1. Physical features
i. India has all the physical features of the world such as a mountains, plains, plateaus, valleys,
coastal plains etc..,
ii. It has unique landscape ranging from the highest peak to the lowest plains.
2. Climatic conditions
i. Then climatic conditions varies from the tropical to the temperate zone.
ii. Cherrapunji in Meghalaya receives the highest amount of rainfall.
iii. Whereas the Thar desert receives the minimum rainfall.
3. Natural Vegetation
i. India has wet dense tropical forest in Western Ghats, Mangrove trees in the Sunderbans of the
West Bengal and shrubs and sparse vegetation in the desert.
ii. Hence a wide variety of plants and animals are found in India .
4. Mineral Resources
i. In India, We get high level of minerals like Iron, Manganese, Mica, Gypsum, Titanium, Thorium
and Uranium.
5. Human Habitations
According to 2001 census, India has 1028 million population.(1,210 Million - 2011 Census)
6. Cultural Norms
India has been divided into 28 states and 7 union territories. (29th State – Telungana)
7. Ancient ethnic and linguistic groups
Ancient ethnic and linguistic groups and huge area.
India is called the “museum of human race”.
8. Huge area
All these above distinctive continental characteristics are found in India. Hence India is called as sub
– continent.
2. „Unity in Diversity‟- Explain. (JU-13,SE-15)
The following points prove that there is unity in diversity in India.
1. India has unique land forms ranging from the highest peaks to lowest coastal plains.
2. The climate of India varies from tropical to the temperate zone.
3. India an ideal habitat for a variety of flora and fauna.
4. India has wet dense forest to the desert vegetation.
5. In India so many religions, cultural and language diversity are found.
6. In spite of several diversity people shed their differences and stand united as Indian, when there is a
crisis . Ex. Kargil Invasions and natural calamities like floods and tsunami.
3. Explain the origins of the Himalayas. (AP-15,JU-12,MAR-17)
1. Gaseous mass
Geologists believe that the earth was originated from a gaseous mass that separated from the sun and
condensed to form spherical in shape over a long time..
2. Only one large land
Millions of years ago, there was only one large land mass on the surface of the Earth and it was
surrounded by an ocean on all sides.
3. The landmass
The landmass was called „Pangea‟ surrounded by a water body, known as „Panthalasa‟.
4. Two parts
In due course, Pangea split into two parts. The northern part was known as „Angara land‟ and the
southern part was known as „Gondwana land‟.
5. Tethys sea
The sea separating these two was called the „Tethys sea‟. This sea stretched towards the East –West
direction.
6. Angara and Gondwana
The rivers from Angara and Gondwana deposited their silts along the Tethys Sea.
7. Form fold mountains
After a long time, due to the northward movement of Gondwana land the deposits under the sea were
forces uplifted and formed the Himalayas as fold mountain.
4. Mention the importance of Himalayas. (AP-13, SE-14)
1. Climatic influence:
Himalayas prevents the South–West monsoon winds cause rainfall and snowfall.
2. Physical barrier :
Himalayas forms a natural boundary for the sub – continent.
3. Prevents foreign invasion
It is permanently frozen and prevents foreign invasion.
4. Source of perennial rivers
The Himalayas are source of many perennial rivers like Indus and Ganges.
5. Religious centers
Many hill resorts and religious centers are found in Himalayas.
6. Sheltering wild life
It is also the home for many plants and animal species.
7. Copious rainfall
South west monsoon winds are prevented from moving beyond resulting in copious rainfall.
5. Write short notes on Northern Plains of India.
Northern plains can be divided in to the following four regions.
1. Rajasthan plain 2. Punjab – Haryana plain 3. Ganga plain 4.Brahmaputra plain.
1. Rajasthan plain:
1. Location : Rajasthan plain is located in the West of Aravalli Range.
2. Area : It extends for about 640kms with an average width of about 300 kms.
3. Height : It is about 300 metres above mean sea level.
4. Important rivers: Luni is an important river of this region.
2. Punjab – Haryana plain:
1. Location : Punjab – Haryana plain lies to the northeast of the Great Indian Desert.
2. Area : It extends for about 640 kms from the northeast to the south west and about 300 km
from west to east.
3. Delhi ridge : It acts as water – divide (doab) between the Yamuna and Sutlej River.
4. Important rivers : Sutlej, Beas and Ravi rivers.
3. Ganga plain:
1. Location:
It extends from the Yamuna river in the west to Bangladesh in the east.
2. Area:
It covers a distance of about 1500 km with an average width of 300 km. It covers the states of
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.
3. Important rivers:
Ramganga, Gomti, Ghaghra, Gandak, Kosi, Yamuna, Son, Chambal, Betwa.
4. Elevation:
The average elevation of the plain is about 200 m above the sea level.
5. Hindu religious centers:
The Hindu religious centers such as Haridwar, Mathura, Varanasi and Allahabad have
developed into large cultural educational and tourist centers.
6. The World Largest delta:
In the lower part the Ganga and the Brahmaputra rivers divided into several channels in this
region to form the largest delta in the world.
4. The Brahmaputra plain:
1. Location:
The Brahmaputra plain is in the eastern most part of the northern plains is drained by the
Brahmaputra River and its numerous tributaries.
2. Area:
It extends for about 720 km long and about 60-100 km wide.
3. Elevation:
The general slope of the plain is from the northwest to the southwest.
4. Rivers:
A large number of tributaries coming from the Assam hills in the north join the main river and
form alluvial fans. There are large marshy tracts in this area. The alluvial fans have led to the
formation of Terai.
6. Write in brief about Peninsular Plateau.
1. Location :
The peninsular plateau is located to the south of northern great plains with triangular in shape.
2. Area :
It covers an area of about 16 lakh sq.km.
3. Surrounded :
It is surrounded by hill ranges on all sides such as the Aravalli, Vindhya, Satpura and Rajmahal
ranges in the north, the Western Ghats in the west and the Eastern Ghats in the east.
4. Distance :
The peninsular plateau extends from north to south for a distance of about 1600 km and from east
to west for about 1400 km.
5. Average height :
The average height of this plateau varies 600 to 900 mts above the mean sea level.
6. Slope :
The general slope is from west to east, while in the Narmada – Tapti region it is from east to west.
7. Unequal part: The Narmada River divides the peninsular plateau into two unequal parts.
8. Central Highlands: The northern part is called the Central Highlands while the southern part is
called the „Deccan plateau‟.
2. INDIA - CLIMATE
1. Analyse any two factors determining the climate of India. (SE-13)
The two factors determining the climate of India are the winds and position of mountains
1. Wind 2. Position of Mountains.
1. Winds
1. The wind that blows from sea to land is called sea breeze and wind which blows from land to sea
is called land breeze.
2. Sea breeze is cooler and land breeze is warmer. This why coastal areas experience relatively
cooler summer compared to areas that lie in the interiors.
3. Air currents in the upper layers of the atmosphere is known as „Jet streams‟. It could determine
the arrival and departure of mosoon winds in India.
Example:
1. The Western disturbances originate in Mediterranean sea and blow into the northwest India. They
bring rain to Punjab and Haryana.
2. The Tropical cyclone wind originates in Bay of Bengal and blows along east coast of India. It
causes heavy loss to life and property.
2. Position of mountains:
Mountains
1. Position of mountains plays a vital role in determining the climate of India.
2. Position of mountains plays a vital role in determining the climate of any place.
Example:
1. The great Himalayan range in the North India obstructs the bitter cold winds from Central Asia
to India.
2. The Himalayan range intercepts the rain-bearing southwest monsoon winds, forcing them to shed
their moisture, resulting in heavy rain fall in the northeast and Indo-Gangetic plain.
3. The Aravalli range being parallel to the South west monsoon resulting in dry conditions on the
western side of Rajasthan.
2. Explain any two characteristic features of monsoon winds.
1. Uneven distribution of Rainfall during the year:
1. The south west monsoon causes over 80 percent of the rainfall over the country during June to
September.
2. But the rainfall is not evenly distributed.
3. The Monsoons are erratic in quantity, incidence.
2. Influence of Mountains:
The rain fall is very much influence by orographic features. Though the wind passes over Gujarat
and Rajasthan, it brings very little rainfall due to absence of mountains.
Along the west coast, the winds strike the western ghats and bring heavy rainfall on the windward
side. For example the Shillong plateau receives heavy rainfall while the central part of the Assam
valley which is situated in the leeward side receives less rainfall.
3. Tropical Cyclone:
The intensity and distribution of rainfall are determined by a series of tropical depressions which
have their origin near the northern part of Bay of Bengal and travel across the country in west and
north westerly direction. On an average, eight such cyclonic depressions may pass from the Bay of
Bengal into the land area between June and September.
4. Erratic nature of the Rainfall:
It is difficult to make any general statement describing the rainfall in any particular state. An area
which receives heavy rainfall in one season may experience drought conditions in another season.
Sometimes there is a delay in the onset of monsoons. There may be break in the monsoon rain
during July and August, sometimes the rain disappear for a week or more. The monsoon may also
withdraw earlier than usual or may persist longer than usual.
5. Monsoon rains have great effect on the country‟s economy:
The prosperity of India depends on the success or failure of the monsoon. Slight variations in the
directions of rain-bearing wind may convert normally well-watered areas into deserts. For example
Gujarat and Deccon plateau are particularly prone to drought. The hydro-electric power plants are
affected severely during low rainfall. It leads to shortage of electric supply to the industries and
result in great loss of economy.
3. Describe any one of the branches of South-West Monsoon. (JU-13)
Two branches of South – West monsoon winds are as follows:
1. Arabian sea branch
2. Bay of Bengal branch
1. Bay of Bengal Branch
1. The Bay of Bengal branch of south west monsoon is a moisture bearing wind.
2. It strikes against the Kasi, Garo and Jaintia Hills and causes heavy rainfall in Cherrapunji
3. A part of this branch gets deflected by Himalayas and moves towards the west giving rain to
Gangetic plains.
4. As it moves further it gives scanty rainfall to Punjab and Haryana.
5. It finally meets the Arabian sea branch at the foot hills of Himalayas and gives heavy rainfall
along the Siwaliks.
4. Describe Rain water Harvesting. (SE-12,OC-16)
Rain water harvesting :
The process of storing rain water when and where it falls for use during non-monsoon months is called
rain water harvesting.
The necessary of rain water harvesting:
1. India experiences Tropical monsoon type of climate.
2. In which the available rain is seasonal erratic and not uniform.
3. So to tap this available rain water, rain water harvesting is done..
4. It is an activity of direct collection and storage of rain water in the water tanks for future
withdrawal.
5. In order to prevent surface run off the rain water is harvested by letting it through pipes into
domestic wells.
Methods of rain water harvesting :
1. Rain water can be harvested from the roof tops and also from open spaces.
2. Wherever open wells or borewells are available, rooftop water can be used for direct recharging of
these wells.
3. Rainwater available in the open spaces can be recharged into the ground using other recharge
structures.
5. What is water management? Give the basic requirement of water conservation.
1. Water management means using the water for human benefit in proper way .
2. It is not only controlling its depletion and degradation but also for our future needs.
3. Water is an indispensable resource and has multiple uses.
4. Therefore, it becomes extremely important to manage our soil and water resources in an integrated
manner.
Basic requirements for water conservation
1. The total involvement, co-operation and participation of all local people.
2. All the family members should know the importance of managing household water.
3. The most important aspect in water conservation is to treat water as economic commodity and to
use it judiciously.
4. In the distribution of this economic (commodity) good both equity and quality must be ensured.
5. We can save the water through “rain water harvesting” strategy.

1. Write the importance of forest. (AP-12,14,JU-13,MAR-16)
1. Valuable timber:
Forests provide valuable timber for domestic and commercial use and raw materials for industries.
2. Products :
It supplies Lac, Gum, Resins, Tanning materials, medicines, herbs, honey and spices.
3. Foreign Exchange :
Export of forest products earns valuable foreign exchange.
4. Dairy Farming :
Grazing cattle in the forests helps in dairy farming.
5. Developing tourism :
Many forest reserves have been developed into tourist centres.
6. Controlling air pollution
Forests absorb atmospheric carbon-di-oxide and helps in controlling air pollution.
7. Environmental Protection :
It controls soil erosion, floods and land reclamation.
8. Save water :
Forests help in water percolation and thus maintain underground water table.
9. Natural habitat :
It provides a natural habitat to primitive tribes, animals and birds.
10. Moderators of Climate:
Forests are the moderators of climate and affect temperature, humidity and rainfall.
11. Energy needs :
Forests meet nearly 40% of energy needs of the country.
2. Describe the need for the conservation of natural resources. (JU-14,15,SE-15)
We know that nature provides us all resources to satisfy our basic needs but we tend to overexploit it. If
we go on exploiting the nature there will be no more resources available in future. There is an urgent need to
conserve the nature.
Some of the needs are:
1. To maintain ecological balance for supporting life.
2. To preserve different kind of species (Bio-diversity).
3. To make the resources available for present and future generation.
4. To ensure the survival of human race.
5. We should understand that natural resources are not renewable source and we should keep it safely.
6. Through implementing the laws for using the natural resources, we may save our natural resources.
1. What are the benefits of adopting Bio-technology in agriculture? (AP-12,15,JU-12)
The National research Centre on plant Bio-technology was established in 1985 to undertake research,
teaching and training personnel in the modern areas of Molecular biology and Bio-technology.
Benefits of adopting Biotechnology in agriculture:
1. Adopting Biotechnology is environmentally safe and sustainable.
2. Cost of production of the farmers will be decreased.
3. Water requirement for the crop is minimised.
4. It makes crops more resistant to insects, pests and diseases.
5. The yield of the crops per hectare can be increased.
6. Farmers can get more Income.
2. Discuss any three current challenges in Indian agriculture.
1. Gamble of monsoon :
Indian agriculture is a gamble of monsoon . Monsoons are irregular unevenly distributed and
uncertain . So agriculture is influenced.
2. Construction work :
Rapid increase in the construction work of Industries and residential buildings reduce the extent of
cultivable lands.
3. Global climatic changes :
Global climatic changes affect agriculture through their direct and indirect effects on the crops, soil,
livestock and pests.
4. Environmental problem :
The previous strategies for more productivity cause serious problems of environmental and natural
resource degradation.
5. Future technology
In future technologies must result not only in increased productivity level but also ensure the quality
of natural resources.
1. Write an account of Iron and Steel industries of India.
1. Tata Iron & Steel Company (TISCO):
i. Tata Iron & Steel company was established in 1907 at Jamshedpur.
ii. It is the oldest and largest integrated iron and steel plant in India.
iii. It is the 10th largest producer of iron and steel in the world.
iv. The company produces pig iron and steel.
2. Indian Iron & Steel Company (IISCO)
i) The steel plant at Kulti, Burnpur and Hirapur were integrated and the Indian Iron & Steel
Company was set up at Burnpur in 1990.
ii) The control and management of IISCO were taken over by SAIL in 1972.
iii) The company produces pig iron & crude steel.
3. Visveshwaraya Iron & Steel Ltd (VISL:
i) Visveshwaraya Iron & Steel Ltd were setup in 1923 at Bhadravati in Shimogo district in Karnataka.
ii) Its major products are alloy and special steel.
4. Hindustan Steel Ltd
i. Hindustan Steel Ltd (HSL), Bhilai has started making plates for ship building industry.
ii. Hindustan Steel Ltd., (HSL) – Rourkela, produces hot and cold rolled sheets, galvanized sheets
and electrical steel plates.
iii.Hindustan Steel Ltd., (HSL) - Durgapur, specializes manufacture of alloy steel, construction
material and railway items like wheel axles and sleepers.
iv. HSL-Bokaro: The sludge and slog of the plant are used in making fertilizer at Sindri.
5. The Salem Steel Plant:
The plant is the major producer of the world class stainless steel which is exported to many advanced
countries in the world.
6. The Vijayanagar Steel Plant :
The Vijayanagar Steel Plant has been set up at Tornagal in Karnataka.
7. The Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant :
This is the most sophisticated and modern integrated Steel Plant in the country. It is a major export
oriented steel plant.
2. Describe the factors encouraging cotton textile Industry in Mumbai. (SE-12, AP-14,MAR-16)
Cotton textile industry based on indigenous raw material cotton. Mumbai in Maharashtra is the leading
cotton textile centre and it is called as the Manchester of India .
The following factors favour the cotton textile industries in Mumbai.
1. Port facility :
Location of port facilities for the export of finished goods.
2. Transport :
It is well connected through rail and road links with cotton growing areas.
3. Climate :
Humid coastal climate favours yarning.
4. Capital :
Capital goods and finance are available in Mumbai.
5. Manpower :
Manpower is in plenty.
6. Raw material :
Availability of raw material.
3. Write a note on Sugar Industries of India.
1. Second largest industry:
Indian Sugar Industry is the second largest agro based industry in India.
2. Location of Factories:
Since sugarcane is weight losing material and it loses sucrose content, the factories are located near
the areas of cultivation.
3. Production:
India is the fourth major sugar producing country in the world.
4. Sugar Bowl:
Uttar Pradesh and Bihar alone account for 70% of the sugar production. This belt is known as „Sugar
bowl of India‟.
5. Sugar Producing States:
Punjab, Haryana, Maharastra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu are the other sugar
producing states of India.
6. Sugar Producing areas in Tamilnadu:
Nellikupam, Pugalur, Coimbatore and Pandyarajapuram are the famous centres for sugar production
in Tamilnadu.
7. Dual Price System:
The Government of India has developed a dual price system for internal sugar trade.
4. Give an account of Automobile Industry or Software Industry in India. (AP-13)

Automobile Industry
1. Premier Automobile:
The first automobile industry was started at Kurla (Mumbai) in 1947 under the name of Premier
Automobile limited.
2. Hindustan Motors:
Hindustan Motors Limited setup the automobile industry at Uttarpara (Kolkata) in 1948.
3. Progress in India:
In the last 30 years, India has made a tremendous progress in this industry by manufacturing
commercial vehicles, passenger cars, jeeps, scooters, motorcycles, mopeds and three wheelers.
4. Major Centres:
The major centres are Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, New Delhi, Pune, Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Satara
and Mysore.
5. Foreign Companies:
Suzuki, General motors, Ford, Mitsubishi, Honda, Daewoo, Mercedes, Nissan, Mahindra &
Mahindra and Millennium Motors are some of the foreign automobile companies entered in Indian
Market.
Software Industry
1. Indian economy :
The software industry has emerged as a major industry in the Indian economy.
2. Software professionals :
The main reason for its rapid growth is due to the availability of cheap and skilled young software
professionals in our country.
3. IT parks :
Department of Electronics and Information Technology has established “IT parks” in different parts
of our country.
4. Main centres :
The main centres are Chennai, Coimbatore, Bengaluru, Thiruvananthapuram, Mysuru, Hyderabad,
Vishakapatnam, Mumbai, Pune, Bhubaneshwar, Indore, Gandhinagar, Jaipur, Kolkata, Noida,
Mohali and Srinagar.
5. Software firms :
At present there are more than 500 software firms in the country.
6. Exports :
Today the software industry in India exports software and service to nearly 95 countries in the
World.
7. Government role :
The government has also played a vital role in the development of software industry.
1. What are the effects of acid rain? (SE-14,OC-16,MAR-17)
1. Microscopic organisms : The most basic microscopic organisms such as plankton may not be able
to survive due to acid rain.
2. Sea animals : The sea animals depending on planktons will die and the food chain will be affected.
3. Ocean temperature : If ocean temperature increases, growth of coral reefs will be affected.
4. Limestone shell : The corals control the proportion of carbon-di-oxide by turning CO2 in the water
to limestone shell.
5. Coral reefs : Coral reefs grow in temperature just above 10º Celsius.
6. Ecosystems : Other ecosystems such as forests and desert will also be harmed.
7. Bio-diversity : Loss of bio-diversity and extinction of rare species will occur.
8. Soil leaching : They also change the acidity level of the soil by leaching Crucial Nutrients.
2. What is smog? What are the effects of smog? (JU-15)
Smog :
1. The word smog is a combination of the words smoke and fog.
2. The smog effect is created when sunlight, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide are mixed together.
3. Major producers of smog include automobiles, fires, waste treatment, oil production, industrial solutions,
paints and coatings.
4. Smog includes carbon monoxide, dirt, dust and ozone.
Effects of Smog:
1. Smog causes a smoky dark atmosphere.
2. It decreases visibility and creates gaze throughout the area.
3. It creates lung failure and pneumonia.
4. Smog is not only a city problem. Wind carries smog away from urban areas and harms other areas too.
5. Agriculture is also affected by Smog.
3. Write a brief note on Air pollution.
1. Air pollution is a contamination of air by the discharge of harmful substances.
2. Air pollution can have serious effects on the health of the human beings.
3. Every time when we breathe in dangerous substances.
4. Volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen disposal, evaporation of organic compounds and natural
radioactivity are the natural causes of air pollution.
5. It resulted in Ozone depletion global warming or green house effects and acid rain.
6. Most sulphur-di-oxide comes from power plants that use coal as fuel.
7. Automobiles produce about half of the nitrogen oxide.
8. The major air pollutants are sulpur oxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon-mono-oxide and organic compounds
that can evaporate and enter the atmosphere.
9. It affects the cardio-vascular system of human beings.
10. It indirectly affects through water, food and skin infections.

1. Explain India‟s trade with reference to her major exports and imports. (SE-12)
Export and import are the two components of trade.
Internal trade, International trades are the two types of trade.
1. Major Exports from India
1. Export Means, goods and services sold for foreign currency.
2. India exports nearly 7,500 goods to nearly 190 countries of the world.
3. Agriculture products, Textiles and handicrafts, ores and minerals, Leather products, Gems and
Jewellery, Chemicals and related products, engineering goods are exported from India.
2. Major Imports from India
1. Transport equipment 2. Machine tools 3. Non - electrical machineries
4. Electrical machineries 5. Wheat 6. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
7. Petroleum 8. Fertilizers 9. News Print
3. India‟s value of exports is,
1950 -51 - Rs. 607 Crores.
2012 -13 - Rs. 464.2 billion US dollars.
4. India‟s value of imports is
1950 -51 - Rs. 580 Crores.
2012-13 - Rs. 590.6 billion US dollars.
This clearly indicates the significant growth of both exports and imports is India.
2. Classify the Indian Roads and explain.
1. Village roads
i. Link different villages with towns. They are maintained by village Panchayats.
ii. In India, village roads run to a length of 26,50,000 kms.
2. District Roads
i. It Links the towns with district headquarters .They are maintained by the Corporations and
Municipalities.
ii. In India, District roads run to a total length of 4, 67,763 kms.
3. State highways
i. State Highways links state capitals with the different district headquarters.
ii. The roads and constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department. (SPWD)
iii. The State Highways runs to a length of 1,31,899 kms.
4. National Highways
i. National Highways links the state capitals with national capital and maintained by the Central
Public Works Department. (CPWD)
ii. It runs to a length of 92,851 kms.
5. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways
i. It is a major Road development project launched by the Government of India.
ii. It runs to a length of 14,846 km connecting the major cities of India.
6. Express ways
i. Expressways are the technologically improved high class roads in the Indian Road network.
ii. There are six lane roads and run to a length of more than 200 kms.
7. Border Roads
i. Border Roads are constructed and maintained by Border Roads Organisation. (BRO)
ii. The organization has constructed 46,780 km of roads in difficult terrain.
8. International Highways
i. International Highways are the roads that link India with neighbouring countries.
ii. It is promoting harmonious relationship with them.
3. Explain the means of Personal Communication in India.
Personal communication refers to exchanging of information between two persons.
1. Postal service :
i. Indian postal service is the largest network in the world.
ii. It enables people to send parcels and mails to foreign lands and to the remotest villages.
2. Telegram :
i. Telegram is a form of written communication by which messages can be sent quickly to distant
places.
ii. It‟s closed by April 1, 2015.
3. Telephone :
i. Telephone is a form of oral communication.
ii. It is considered very essential for the growth of commerce.
4. Mobile phones :
i. Mobile phones provide an access to the user and receiver at any time at anywhere.
ii. Short Message Services (SMS) is a method by which message can be sent to a mobile phone via
another mobile phone.
5. Fax :
i. Fax enables instant transmission of any matter, which may be handwritten or printed like
letters, diagrams, graphs and sketches by using telephone lines.
ii. A fax machine sends the exact copy of the document to another fax machine at the receiving end.
8. REMOTE SENSING
1. Write about the development of Remote sensing Technology. (AP-12,13,JU-15,MAR-16)
1. The Definition of Remote Sensing :
i. The most effective technology to gather information on any part of earth within a short
span of time without footing the region is the Remote Sensing Technology.
ii. Remote sensing can be defined as the collection of data about an object from a distance.
2. Geographers use :
i. Geographers use the remote sensing as a tool to monitor or measure phenomena on the Earth‟s
lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.
3. Sensors :
i. Remote Sensing of the environment by geographers is usually done with the help of mechanical
devices known as sensors.
ii. These sensors are positioned in helicopters, planes and satellites.
iii.The sensors record information about an object by measuring the Electro Magnetic Energy that is
reflected back and radiated from the object on the earth surface.
4. History of Remote Sensing :
i. Aerial photographs were the first results of remote sensing utilized by cartographers or map
makers.
ii. In 1858, French map-makers used a hot air balloon and primitive cameras to take oblique aerial
photographs of the landscape.
iii. By comparing photographs taken at different angles; cartographers were able to create accurate
and detailed maps of different territories.
5. The revocability or Remote Sensing Technology :
i. In 1960:
In 1960, a revolution in remote sensing technology began with the deployment of space satellites.
ii. In 1970 :
In the 1970s, the second revolution in remote sensing technology began with the launch of Earth
Resource Technology Satellite (ERTS)
iii. In USA
The first meteorological satellite TIROS-1 (Television and Infrared Observation Satellite) was
launched by the United States.
iv. In FRANCE :
In 1986 France launched the satellite SPOT and other five satellites have produced more than 10
million images.
2. Explain the various components of Remote sensing. (SE-13, AP-14,JU-16)
The four basic components of a remote sensing are
1. Target
2. Energy source
3. Transmission path
4. Sensor.
1. Target
i. The target is an object or material that is being imaged.
ii. The components in the system work together to measure and record information about the target
without actually coming into physical contact with it.
2. Energy source
i. The Energy source provides electromagnetic energy to the target.
ii. The energy source can be classified into two
1. Passive System
That is sun, irradiance from earth‟s materials
2. Active System
It is irradiance from artificially generated energy sources such as radar. The electromagnetic
radiation interact with the target, depending on the properties of the target and the radiation.
3. Transmission path
i. Transmit information from the target to sensor.
ii. The electro magnetic radiation interacts with the target depending on the properties of the target
and the radiation.
4. Sensor
i. Sensor is a device to detect the Electro Magnetic Radiation (EMR).
ii. Sensors can be classified on the basis of energy received into Passive sensors and Active
Sensors.
1. Passive Sensors
It detects natural radiation that is emitted or reflected by the object or surrounding area being
observed.
Example : Cameras used for taking favorite pictures during daylight.
2. Active Sensors
It transmits their own signal and measure the energy that is reflected from the target.
Example: Radar.
3. Explain the process involves in remote sensing Technology. (JU-12,SE-15)
1. Sun is an energy Source (A)

The first requirement for remote sensing is energy source, it provides electromagnetic energy to the
target of things .
2. Sunrays and atmosphere (B)
As the energy travels from its source to the target, it will come into contact with and also interact
with the atmosphere.
3. Sunrays and objects on earth (C)
Once energy makes its way to the target through atmosphere it interacts with the target.
4. Recording of Energy by the Sensor (D)
After energy has been scattered or emitted from target the sensor collects and records the
electromagnetic radiation.
5. Transmission, Reception, and processing (E)
The energy recorded by the sensor has to be transmitted, often in electronic form. It is transmitted to
a receiving and processing station. Here the data are processed into an image.
6. Interpretation and Analysis (F)
The processed image is interpreted, visually or digitally or electronically to extract information about
the target which was illuminated.
7. Application (G)
The final element of the remote sensing process is achieved by applying the extracted information for
better understanding and to reveal some new information, or assist in solving a particular problem.
4. What are the advantages of remote sensing? (AP-15)
1. Synoptic view :
This system has the ability to provide a synoptic view of a wide area in a single frame.
2. Inaccessible areas :
i. Remote sensing systems detect features of inaccessible areas that cannot be reached by human
vision.
ii. Example: Equatorial forest in the Congo basin, Africa.
3. Cheaper and rapid method :
i. Cheaper and rapid method of acquiring data up to-date and continuous information over a
geographical area
ii. Example: It helps agriculturists to identify the areas affected by pests, crop related diseases etc.
4. Holistic functioning :
i. It helps the planners for formulating policies and programmes to achieve the holistic functioning
of the environment.
ii. Example : Spots the areas of natural disasters such as tsunami, drought prone, flood affected and
cyclone hit areas and helps in providing relief and rehabilitation program in the affected areas.
5. Cartographers :
i. It enables the cartographers to prepare thematic maps with a great speed and accuracy.
ii. Example: Geological maps. Soil maps, population maps etc. with great speed and accuracy.
9. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

1. Write the important of Early Warning System in Disaster Risk Reduction.
Emergency reduces:
The term refers to the provision of information on an emergency to reduce the risks involved.
1. System exists :
This system exists for
- natural geophysical - biological hazards
- socio political emergencies - Industrial hazards and
- other related hazards.
2. Training :
Without the early warning the training and evacuation methods can become irrelevant.
3. Related elements :
Early warning system depends upon four main inter related element
1. Observation and recordings 2. Risk knowledge and recognition
3. Warning and Dissemination 4. Appropriate response
4. Result : A weakness in any one of these could result in failure of whole system.
2. What do you understand from the term Recovery stage of Disaster Risk Reduction? (OC-16,MAR-17)
1. Return to normal situation :
It also ensures return to the normal situation and recovers equilibrium.
2. Improving the condition :
Decision and action taken after a disaster with a view to restoring are improving the conditions of the
community and strengthen their capacity to cope with future disaster.
3. Rehabilitation and Reconstruction :
The rehabilitation and reconstruction are the task in this stage.
4. Disaster Risk Reduction
A valuable opportunity to develop and implement the measures of disaster risk reduction.
5. Community activity :
The community activity, school disaster management committee and education on disaster
management play a vital role in reducing the severity of natural and man-made hazards.
6. UNDP :
The Government of Tamil Nadu has initiated the disaster risk management programme with the
support and guidance given by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
7. Enhance the capacity :
The main objective of the programme is to enhance the capacity of the local community by providing
training on first aid, search and rescue, early warnings etc.
3. Name of two mitigation measures and explain them.
1. Two categories :
Mitigation measures includes two general categories namely i) Structural and ii) Non-structural.
Mitigation measures can be applied before during and after a disaster.
2. Structural measures :
This refer to any physical construction to reduce or avoid possible impacts of hazards, or application
of engineering techniques to achieve hazard-resistance and resilience in structures or systems.
3. Non-structural measures :
This refers to any measure not involving physical construction that uses knowledge, practice or
agreement to reduce risks and impacts, in particular through policies and laws, public awareness
raising, training and education.
4. The structural measures include construction of :
i. Embankments or strengthening the embankments
ii. Designing electrical power systems to withstand weather and earthquake.
iii. Enforcing strict building codes
iv. Seismic resistant designs of buildings
v. Retrofitting public buildings to withstand
vi. Construction of houses away from hazardous areas
vii. Building community shelters at various hazard prone areas.
5. The non-Structural measures include :
i. Management Regulating measures such as
a) zoning b) coastal area management c) hill side management
d) slope management e) Flood plain development restrictions etc.
ii. Community services
iii. Educational programmes
iv. Natural resource use regulations
v. Polices on limiting the buildings of unsafe projects.
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS - CIVICS

1. Write a paragraph about Pancha sheel and the policy of Non-Alignment. (AP-13,15,SE-12,14,MAR-17)
i. Pancha sheel:
India is called by the name of „A Great Peace Maker‟. It followed five principles which are
popularly known as „Pancha sheel‟. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru laid stress on these five
principles in 1955 at Bandung conference.
1. Each country should respect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of others.
2. No country should attack any other country.
3. No one should try to interfere in the internal affairs of others.
4. All country shall strive for equality and mutual benefit.
5. Every country should try to follow the policy of peaceful coexistence.
ii. The policy of Non-alignment :
1. After second world war the world got divided into two hostile blocs under America and Russia.
2. Both of them trying to increase their influence at the cost of the other.
3. But India did not join any of these two blocs.
4. It tried to sortout any difference of opinion between these blocs, substantially contributed towards
World Peace.
2. Write a short note on SAARC. (AP-12, 14, JU-12,13,14,15, SE-13,15,MAR-16,JU-16,OC-16)
i. Explanation:
SAARC - The South Asian Association for Regional co-operation
ii. Formation of SAARC:
1. India took the initiative to form SAARC to maintain peace in the regional level.
2. SAARC‟S first meeting was held at Dacca in Bangladesh on Dec 7, 1985.
3. Abul Ashan of Bangladesh was the first Secretary General of SAARC.
iii. Annual Summit:
1. 1985 - Bangaladesh – Dacca
2. 2007 - India – New Delhi
3. 2014 - Nepal – Kathmandu (18th Summit)
4. 2016 - Pakistan – Islamabad (19th Summit)
iv. Member countries of SAARC: (PAIN MBBS)
The member countries are
Pakistan,
Afghanistan,
India,
Nepal
Maldives,
Bangladesh,
Bhutan and
Srilanka.
v. Activities of SAARC: ( SHARP T3)
The SAARC countries identified mutual co – operation in the following areas,
Shipping,
Health,
Agriculture,
Rural reconstruction,
Postal services,
Transportation,
Tourism and
Telecommunication.
* Acronym for SAARC countries – PAIN MBBS (P for Pakistan, A-Afghanistan, I-India, N-Nepal, M-
Maldives, B-Bangladesh, B-Bhutan, S-Srilanka)
2. DEMOCRACY
1. Explain the types and importance of democracy. (JU-14)
Democracy has two types.
i. Direct Democracy
ii. Indirect Democracy
1. Direct Democracy:
i. People directly participate in the functioning of the government.
ii. It existed in ancient Greece and Rome.
iii. In ancient India, village panchayat system was functioning based on direct democratic norms.
2. Indirect Democracy:
i. The representatives are duly elected by the people.
ii. They form and run the government.
iii. Most of the countries in the world follow indirect democracy.
iv. Political parties play a major role in the functioning of the government.
Importance of Democracy:
i. People have the freedom to choose their representatives.
ii. Democracy assures people certain fundamental rights.
iii. It is a government chosen by the majority of the people.
iii. A democratically elected government is entrusted with the responsiblility of ensure public
welfare and well-being.
iv. Its policies are equitable, just and balanced.
2. Mention the types of election and explain them. (AP-12, JU-13,15,SE-15,JU-16,OC-16,MAR-17)
Types of elections in India:
In India, people elect their representatives through
i) Direct elections ii) Indirect elections. iii) By-elections iv) Mid-term polls
1. Direct Elections:
1. The citizens themselves elect the representatives through votes.
2. Members of the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies are elected in this manner.
2. Indirect Elections:
1. The citizens do not directly take part in the election.
2. The elected representatives are the voters here.
3. The members of the Rajya Sabha, the President and Vice – President are elected in this manner.
3. By-Elections:
1. By-elections held when an elected candidate from a constituency dies or resigns from the
parliament or the state legislatures.
2. Under these circumstances elections will be held only in those constituencies. Such elections are
called by-elections.
4. Mid-term polls:
1. Some times it happens that the Parliament or the state legislatures do not function for the whole
period of five years for various reasons.
2. Then they are dissolved, elections are held. These elections are called the mid-term polls.
3. Explain the role of Opposition party in a democracy. (AP-14, SE-13, 14,MAR-16)
Role of the opposition party in a democracy:
1. The Success of the democracy depends to a great extend on the constructive role of the opposition parties.
2. In every democracy all the parties cannot get majority seats all the time in the parliament.
3. The parties which do not get majority seats are called opposition parties.
4. The party which gets majority seats in the Lok Sabha next to the ruling party is called the
recognised opposition party. The leader of the opposition party enjoys some privileges equivalent to
that of a cabinet minister.
5. All the powers mentioned in the constitution are exercised by the ruling party. The opposition party also
functions in an effective manner, and their work is no less important than that of the ruling parties.
6. To check the government from becoming authoritarian and to restrict its powers, the opposition
parties keep a watch over them.
7. The main duty of the opposition party is to criticize the policies of the government.
8. Outside the legislature the opposition parties attract the attention of the press and report their
criticism of the government policy in the news papers.
9. The opposition parties have the right to check the expenditure of the government also.
10. During the question hour, the opposition parties criticize the government generally.
11. The criticisms of these parties make the ruling party correct its actions. Thus the opposition parties
try to restrain the government from abusing its power.
1. Explain how do language and literature help to maintain Unity in diversity. (AP-15)
Language part in Unity in diversity:
1. People of India speak different languages like Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Hindi, Urdu,
Sanskrit, Gujarathi and dialects are spoken by its people.
2. Almost, in India about 845 languages are spoken.
3. Out of these 22 are recognized as the official languages by our government.
4. Hindi in Devanagari Script has been chosen as the official language of India.
5. English is being used as the official link language.
6. If we realize all other languages are as good and special as our own language, they would become the
instruments of growth, development and common brotherhood.
Literature part in Unity in diversity:
1. The growth of Indian languages led to Indian literature to reach its zenith.
2. Sanskrit and other languages have helped the growth of thoughts and philosophy.
3. The Ramayana and Mahabharata are the two great epics of India.
4. Thirukkural by Thiruvalluvar is the greatest literary work in Tamil.
5. The Bhagavad-Gita is the holy book of Hindus.
6. Umaruppulavar‟s Seerappuranam tells the life history of Prophet Mohammad.
7. Thembavani written by Veeramamunivar is related to Christianity.
2. Write a paragraph on National Integration. (AP-13, JU-12, 13,SE-12)
1. In spite of diversity in physical features, its influence on person‟s living, their varied habits, religious
faiths, language, food and dress habits make the people look different.
2. But the heritage of India binds them together.
3. Humanism, spiritual urge, brotherhood, friendship, love for all and religious tolerance make the
Indians live in unity and harmony.
4. The feeling and thought that all are Indians and brothers and sisters help towards the growth of
National Integration.
5. This feeling further supported by the National symbols, National flag, and National anthem.
6. United we live, divided we fall is the spirit with which the Indians live and safeguard National
Integration.
7. This unity of India which we have achieved is basically the result of cultural heritage.
8. India has developed this cultural heritage right from the days of the Indus culture.
4. CONSUMER RIGHTS
1. Write a paragraph on the rights of consumers. (MAR-16,JU-16,OC-16)
1. Right to protect:
The consumers have the right to be protected against marketing of goods and services, which are
hazardous to life and property.
2. Service and price:
The quality, quantity, potency, purity, standard and price of goods; should be properly
informed,assurance of access to variety of goods and services at competitive price.
3. Right assured:
In case of single supplier, the consumer has the right to be assured of satisfactory quality and
service at a fair price.
4. Consumer welfare:
The consumer‟s interests should receive due consideration at appropriate forums relating to
consumer welfare.
5. Right to settlement:
They seek redressal against unfair trade practices or exploitation of consumers and right to fair
settlement of the genuine grievances and the knowledge about goods and issues relating to
consumer welfare.
6. RTI Act:
The Right to Information Act was passed by the Parliament on 12th Oct 2005.
7. Fundamental rights:
The RTI enables all citizens to use their fundamental rights to access information from public bodies.
2. What are the measures taken by the Government of Tamil Nadu to protect the Consumers?
(AP-13, 15, JU-12, 15,SE-12,15,MAR-17)
1. Consumer Clubs:
In every educational institution, Consumer Clubs are established.
2. Consumer Education to rural:
Women Self Help Groups and Panchayat level federations are providing consumer education in
rural masses. The Residents Welfare Associations are providing consumer education in urban areas.
3. Seminars:
Workshops and seminars are conducted to create awareness on consumer protection.
4. Monthly magazine:
Tamil Nadu Nugarvor Kavasam‟, a monthly magazine gives awareness to the people on consumer
protection.
5. Mass Media:
Through Radio, Television and short video films propagate consumer awareness.
6. Organization:
With the motive of developing citizen as a “Valuable Consumer” various consumer organizations are
serving together with Government of Tamil Nadu in providing consumer education to general public.
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS - ECONOMICS

1. NATIONAL INCOME
1. Explain two basic concepts of National Income. (AP-14,SE-13,MAR-16,JU-16,OC-16)
The Basic concepts of National income
1. Gross National Product (GNP) :
2. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) :
3. Net National Product (NNP) :
4. Net Domestic Product (NDP) :
5. Percapita Income (PCI) :
1. Gross National Product (GNP) :
1. Gross National Product is the total value of output (goods and services) produced
and income received in a year by domestic residents of a country.
2. It includes profits earned from capital invested abroad.
2. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) :
1. Gross Domestic Product is the total value of output (goods and services) produced
by the factors of production within the geographical boundaries of the country.
2. In the above two concepts Goods and Services are called as follows :
Goods :
Goods include the total number of cars, motorcycles, ships rail engines, pens, pencils, rice, wheat,
edible oils etc.
Services :
The services include the services of doctors, engineers, teachers, artists etc.
3. Net National Product (NNP) :
1. Net National Product is arrived by making some adjustment with regard to
depreciation.
2. That is we arrive the NNP by deducting the value of depreciation from Gross
National Products (GNP).
3. NNP = GNP (-) Depreciation
1. Net Domestic Product (NDP) :
1. Net Domestic Product is part of Gross Domestic product.
2. Net Domestic Product is obtained from the Gross Domestic Product by deducting the
quantum of tear and wear expenses (depreciation).
3. NDP = GDP (-) Depreciation.
2. Percapita Income (PCI) :
1. Percapita Income or output per person is an indicator to show the living standard of people in
the country.
2. It is obtained by dividing the national income by the population of a country.
3. Percapita Income = National Income
Population
2. Explain the need for the study of National Income. (AP-12,15, JU-15, SE-12,15)
Need for the study of National Income:
1. To measure the size of the economy and level of country‟s economic performance.
2. To measure the production of goods and services.
3. To trace the trend or speed of the economic growth of our country in relation to
previous years and that of other countries.
4. To know the contribution of primary, secondary and tertiary sector in the National
Income.
5. To help government, to formulate development plans and policies to increase
economic growth.
3. Explain the methods of calculating National Income. (JU-13, SE-14,MAR-17)
Methods of calculating National Income:
The National Income of a country can be calculated by the following three methods.
1. Product Method
2. Income Method
3. Expenditure Method.
1. Product Method :
In this method the total value of all goods and services produced in a country is taken into
account.
2. Income Method:
In this method , the Income and Payments received by all the people in the country are calculated.
3. Expenditure Method :
i) In this method we add up the expenditure of all people on consumer goods, investment and
saving.
ii) In India Product Method and Income Method are used to arrive National Income.
4. Write about the functions of Modern Welfare State. (AP-13, 15,JU-13)
Function of Modern welfare state:
1. Protective functions:
2. The Administrative function:
3. Social Security functions:
4. Economic Functions:
1. Protective functions:
1. Economic development can be achieved only if there is peace in the state.
2. So the primary function of the government is to maintain law and order besides
protecting the people from external aggression and internal disorder.
2. The Administrative function:
The three important wings of the state are Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.
3. Social Security functions:
The government undertakes social security measures by offering relief to the poor, sick and the
unemployed.
4. Economic Functions:
1. The government takes various measures to improve agriculture and develop trade and industry.
2. E.g Grant of Subsidies, loans at lower rate of interest, administered and support prices etc.
1. Write down the Objectives of Eleventh Five year plan.(AP-12, 13, 15, JU-15, SE-12, 13, 14,15,MAR-17)
Objectives of Eleventh five year plan:
1. Increasing the public investment in irrigation, rural electrification and rural roads.
2. To reduce the subsidies in power, fertilizer.
3. Promoting agricultural research.
4. To ensure environmental protection.
5. Create Larger employment opportunities.
6. To develop rural infrastructure.
7. To abolish poverty.
8. To reduce the dropout rate in primary schools.
2. Explain Green Revolution. (AP-12,13, JU-14, SE-13,14,15,MAR-16,JU-16,OC-16)
a. Green Revolution :
1. Green revolution was introduced in the year 1967.
2. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) introduced this new strategy through land
reforms, promoting the use of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds and improved irrigation
facilities, to increase the agricultural production.
b. Land Reforms :
1. The government initiated speedy land reform measures like land ceiling legislation, abolition of
intermediaries and tenancy legislation.
2. In this regard the Bhoodhan movement started by Vinobhavbhave deserves a mention.
3. Through the Bhoodhan movement millions of acres of land were received from the landlords and
distributed to the landless poor.
c. High Yielding Variety seeds programme :
1. The green revolution largely means increasing production of food grains by using High Yielding
Variety seeds especially of wheat and rice.
2. The use of High Yielding Variety seeds requires regular supply of water, fertilizer, presticides and
financial resources.
d. Effects of the Green Revolution :
1. As a result of green revolution large number of states benefited by producing more crops.
2. This enabled India to achieve self – sufficiency in food grain production.
3. The credit of introducing the High Yielding Variety seeds goes to Indian Council of Agriculture
Research and many agricultural universities in India particularly Ludhiana, Pantnagar (UP) and
Coimbatore.
3. Explain Economic Reforms of 1991. (AP-14,JU-12,13,MAR-16,JU-16,OC-16)
1. Significance year :
i. The year 1991 has a special significance in the Indian economy.
ii. Many economic measures were introduced to achieve the objectives of new economic policies of
government.
2. Rapid industrialization :
i. The economic reforms aimed at rapid industrialization.
ii. For this, abolition of industrial licensing, allowing foreign investment, encouragement to private
sector and coexistence of public sector and private sector were taken by the government.
3. Foreign investment :
i. Because of the economic reforms foreign investment in India is increased many fold.
ii. Multi National Companies like Nokia, Ford, Hyundai and L&T have made investment in India.
4. Cottage industries :
i. Cottage industries are household industries depending on local market and production is of
primitive methods.
ii. Example: Handlooms, Coir industries.
5. Small scale industries :
i. More over small scale industries and cottage industries were allowed to expand by providing
them concessions.
ii. Small scale industries are more are less mini factories.
iii. They depend on large scale industries.
iv. Example : Industrial units in and around BHEL of Trichy and Ranipet.
6. Economic Reforms :
1. Liberalisation :
i. Liberalisation means movement towards a free market system.
ii. Liberalisation otherwise known as withdrawal of regulation and restrictions for private
sectors.
iii. Private sectors are encouraged to enter into core industries which are reserved for public
sector.
2. Privatisation :
i. Privatisation generally means transforming all economic activities from public sector to
private sector.
ii. It also refers to the setting up of private units in public utility services.
3. Globalisation :
i. Globalisation refers the worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade and
communication integration.
ii. The finished goods also find a place in the global market.
iii. Thus globalization is the linkage of nation‟s markets with global markets.
7. Foreign exchange :
i. The Ultimate benefits of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation in India are the sizable
increase in foreign exchange reserves.
4. Explain the various Power Programs in Tamil Nadu. (AP-14, JU-13,14,SE-12,MAR-17)
Power programs in Tamil Nadu:
1. Thermal Power :
Thermal power stations are in
1. Ennore 2. Tuticorin 3. Mettur 4. Basin Bridge 5. Neyveli.
2. Hydel Power :
Hydel power stations are in
1. Mettur 2. Kundah 3. Periyar Dam 4. Kothayar Dam
5. Pykara 6. Singara 7. Moyar.
3. Atomic Energy :
Atomic power stations are in
1. Kalpakkam 2. Koodankulam.
4. Wind Energy:
It is a non-conventional form of energy. The windmills are situated in
1. Coimbatore 2. Kanyakumari 3. Tuticorin
4. Ramanathapuram and 5. Tirunelveli.
5. Biomass Energy:
This is another kind of non-conventional energy.
This kind of electricity is produced in 1) Namakkal 2) Dharmapuri districts
TIME LINE ( 1885 – 1950) – Indian History
YEAR EVENTS
1885-1920
1885 Birth of Indian National Congress
1905 Partition of Bengal, Swadeshi Movement
1906 Birth of Muslim Leauge
1907 Surat Split
1909 Minto - Morley Reforms Act
1911 Cancellation of Bengal Partition
1914 Out break of First World War
1916 Home Rule Movement, Lucknow Pact
1917 August Declaration
1918 End of the First World War
1919 Montague - Chelmsford Reforms, Rowlatt Act,
Jallian Walabagh Massacre, Khilafat Movement.
1920 Non co-operation movement
1920-1930
1922 Chauri Chaura Incident, Suspension of Non Co-operation Movement
1923 Swarajya party formed
1927 Formation of Simon Commission
1928 Arrival of Simon Commission to India
1929 Lahore Congress
1930 Salt Satyagraha, Civil Disobediance Movement, Dandi March.
1930-1940
1930 First Round Table Conference
1931 Second Round Table Conference, Gandhi – Irwin pact
1932 Third Round Table Conference, Communal Award, Poona pact
1935 Government of India Act
1939 Beginning of Second World War
1940 August Offer, Demand for Pakistan
1940-1950
1942 Quit India Movement, Arrival of Cripps Mission
1945 End of Second World War
1946 Arrival of Cabinet Mission, The Interim Government
1947 Indian Independence Act, Mountbatten Plan, India got Independent.
1948 Assassination of Gandhiji
1950 India became Republic, Indian Constitution came into force
53. a) COMBINED MAP – ASIA (HISTORY)
53. a) COMBINED MAP – EUROPE (HISTORY)
53. b) COMBINED MAP – INDIA (HISTORY)
53. b) COMBINED MAP – INDIA (HISTORY)
GEOGRAPHY – INDIA MAP
1. MOUNTAINS
1. Mt. Everest 2.Mt. K2 (Godwin Austin) 3.Nilgiri 4.Satpura
5. Aravalli Range 6.Western Ghats 7.Eastern Ghats 8.Vindhya
2. PLATEAU
1. Deccan 2. Malwa 3. Chota Nagpur 4.Thar Desert
3. COSTAL PLAINS
1. Eastern 2. Western 3. Gangatic Plains 4.Coramandal
5. Northern circars 6. Malabar 7.Konkan 8.Sunderbans
4. GULF – ISLANDS
1. Palk strait 2. Mannan 3. Kutch 4. Khambhat
5. Rann of Kutch 6. Andaman Nicobar 7. Lakshadweep
5. RIVERS
1. Ganga 2. Bramaputra 3. Narmata 4. Godavari
5. Krishna 6. Tapti 7.Kaveri 8.Mahanadi
6. SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY PARKS
1. Bangalore 2. Hyderabad 3. Srinagar 4. Trivandrum
5. Noida 6. Coimbatore 7.Baroda 8. Mysore
7. SEA PORTS
1. Kandla 2. Mangalore 3. Goa 4. Cochin
5. Kanyakumari 6. Tuticorin 7.Vizakapattinam 8.Paradweep
8. CULTIVATION CROPS
1. Paddy 2. Wheat 3. Sugarcane 4. Coffee
5. Tea 6. Cotton 7. Jute 8. Rubber
9. SOIL – FOREST
1. Alluvial 2. Black 3. Red 4. Mountain
5. Desert 6. Tropical Ever Green 7.Mongrove (sundarban)
10. MINERALS
1. Iron 2. Coal 3. Petroleum 4.Manganese
5. Gold 6. Mica
11. TRANSPORTS
1.Chennai – Mumbai 2. Chennai – Kolkata 3. Chennai – Delhi
4. Mumbai – Kolkata 5. Mumbai – Delhi 6. Kolkata– Delhi
12. RAIN FALL REGIONS
1. Below 50 cm 2. Above 200 cm
13. MONSOON
1. South-West 2. North-East
COMBINED MAP – INDIA 1 (GEOGRAPHY)
COMBINED MAP – INDIA 2 (GEOGRAPHY)

Class 10th-social-English-Study Materials-Www - Governmentexams.co - in PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Class 10th-social-English-Study Materials-Www - Governmentexams.co - in PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Class 10th-social-English-Study Materials-Www - Governmentexams.co - in PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

10th Social Science

One Mark Questions

2. FIRST WORLD WAR 1914 -1918

Match the following:

4. FASCISM IN ITALY 1922 – 1945

5. NAZISM IN GERMANY 1933 – 1945

Match the following :

9. THE GREAT REVOLT OF 1857

B) 1. Rani Lakshmi Bai (SE-12, JU-15) - a. Mughal Emperor

10. REFORM MOVEMENTS IN 19TH CENTURY

11. FREEDOM MOVEMENT PHASE - I (1885 – 1919)

Match the following :

12. FREEDOM MOVEMENT PHASE - II (1920 – 1947)

B) 1. Motilal Nehru - a. Uttar Pradesh

13. TAMIL NADU FREEDOM MOVEMENT

14. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION IN TAMIL NADU

ONE MARK QUESTIONS - GEOGRAPHY

1. INDIA - LOCATION AND PHYSIOGRAPHY

3. INDIA - NATURAL RESOURCES

Match the following:

ONE MARK QUESTIONS - ECONOMICS

4. Explain war in the Eastern Front.

6. SECOND WORLD WAR 1939 – 1945

4. What was the immediate cause of the Second World War?

9. THE GREAT REVOLT OF 1857

5. How did the British cripple the Indian trade?

10. REFORM MOVEMENTS IN 19TH CENTURY

11. FREEDOM MOVEMENT PHASE - I (1885 – 1919)

12. FREEDOM MOVEMENT PHASE - II (1920 – 1947)

14. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION IN TAMIL NADU

2. What are the aims of Self Respect Movement ? (AP-13,15,JU-12,15)

3. INDIA - NATURAL RESOURCES

3. What are the five principles of the Pancha sheel? (JU-12,13)

3. How do our customs, habits and heritage help to maintain unity?

2. Write a brief note on the COPRA.

TWO MARK QUESTIONS - ECONOMICS

10. What is Net Domestic Product? (SE-13)

2. INDIAN ECONOMY AFTER INDEPENDENCE

(AP -13, 15,JU-12, 14, SE-12)

(JU-13, AP-14, SE-14,15,MAR-17)

3. INDIA - NATURAL RESOURCES

(AP-12, 13, 15,JU-12,15,SE-12, 14,MAR-17)

7. INDIA - TRADE, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

4. Boxer Rebellion: (JU-15)

2. FIRST WORLD WAR 1914 -1918

3. Aggressive Foreign Policy of Mussolini:

6. SECOND WORLD WAR 1939 – 1945

7. THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION

9. THE GREAT REVOLT OF 1857

10. REFORM MOVEMENTS IN 19TH CENTURY

4. Describe First and Second Opium Wars. (JU-12,SE-15)

b) Second opium war – A.D 1857 – A.D 1860

2. FIRST WORLD WAR 1914 -1918

4. FASCISM IN ITALY 1922 – 1945

2. Write a paragraph on Mussolini‟s aggressive foreign policy.

5. NAZISM IN GERMANY 1933 – 1945

6. SECOND WORLD WAR 1939 – 1945

3. What were the results of the Second World War? (SE-13,JU-15,16)

7. THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION