IMPARTIALITY – Whether or not Respondent is liable for the alleged act

FACTS:
-

a) Complainant’s Arguments (Sy - Win)

- Filed a complaint against Respondent for Conduct Unbecoming a Member of the Judiciary
-Argued that while Civil Case No. 1403-24 was pending in Judge Dinopol’s sala, the judge asked
him for commodity loans in the form of construction materials to be used in the construction of
the judge’s house. Sy further claimed that aside from the commodity loans, Judge Dinopol
obtained cash loans from him on various occasions between December 2, 2005 to July 14, 2006,
in the total amount of P121,000.00, and Judge Dinopol borrowed from him his Suzuki Multi-cab
and returned it after the judge was suspended in September 2007. Sy presented disbursement
vouchers, official receipts and an acknowledgement to prove his claim

b) Respondent’s Arguments (Judge Dinopol - Lost)

- Argued that when he obtained the commodity loans from Sy in March 2005, he had already
inhibited himself from handling Civil Case No. 1403-24; he did so on April 16, 2004. He
explained that Misc. Case No. 1440-24 was filed only on September 15, 2005, and was assigned
to his sala on September 22, 2005. He denied that he received from Sy cash loans in the amount
of P121,000.00. He also denied borrowing Sy’s Suzuki Multi-cab and claimed that it was
Rogelio Villanueva who borrowed it.

ISSUE:
- Whether or not Respondent is liable for the alleged act

RULING:
Conclusion:
- Respondent is liable. He is dismissed. The complaint is granted
Rule:
- Canon 3 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct in relation to a judge’s impartiality provides,
inter alia, as follows:
-Sec. 2. – Judges shall ensure that his or her conduct, both in and out of court, maintains
and enhances the confidence of the public, the legal profession and litigants in the
impartiality of the judge and the judiciary.
-Sec. 3. – Judges shall, so far as is reasonable, so conduct themselves as to minimize the
occasions on which it will be necessary for them to be disqualified from hearing or
deciding cases.
Application:
- In this case, Judge Dinopol violated the above provisions when he received accommodations
from Sy for the building materials he needed for the construction of his house. He compromised
his position as a judge. Although at the time he and his family had business dealings with Sy
there was no pending case involving the businessman, he should have been more circumspect in
securing the construction materials. The sphere of Sy’s business operations was within his
territorial jurisdiction. As the OCA aptly noted, “it is neither impossible nor remote that a case
might be filed in his court with complainant as a party. In such a case, his (respondent) business
and financial dealings with complainant would create a doubt about his fairness and impartiality
in deciding the case and would tend to corrode the respect and dignity of the court.”
Conclusion:
- Thus, Respondent is liable. He is dismissed. The complaint is granted
 Republic of the Philippines
Supreme Court
Manila

EN BANC

VICTORIANO SY, A.M. No. RTJ-09-2189 (Formerly A.M.

Complainant, OCA IPI No. 08-2837-RTJ)

Present:

CORONA, C.J.,
CARPIO,
CARPIO MORALES,
VELASCO, JR.,
NACHURA,
LEONARDO-DE CASTRO,
- versus - BRION,
PERALTA,
BERSAMIN,
DEL CASTILLO,
ABAD,
VILLARAMA, JR.,
PEREZ,
MENDOZA, and
SERENO, JJ.
Judge OSCAR E. DINOPOL, Regional
Trial Court, Branch 24, Koronadal City, Promulgated:
Respondent.
January 18, 2011

x-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x
DECISION

PER CURIAM:

We resolve in this Decision the Verified Complaint, dated March 11, 2008,1[1] filed by
Victoriano Sy against Judge Oscar E. Dinopol of the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 24,
Koronadal City, South Cotabato, for Conduct Unbecoming a Member of the Judiciary and for
Gross Ignorance of the Law, in relation to Civil Case No. 1403-24, entitled Sps. Victoriano Sy
and Loreta Sy v. Metrobank, for Annulment and/or Declaration of Nullity of Real Estate
Mortgage, and Misc. Case No. 1440-24, entitled Metrobank v. Sps. Victoriano Sy, et al., for
Issuance of a Writ of Possession.

The Antecedents Facts

The facts are set out in the memorandum/report, dated May 25, 2009,2[2] of the Office of
the Court Administrator (OCA), and are summarized below.

The Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company (Metrobank) was the mortgagee in good faith
and for value of twenty-three (23) parcels of land all located in Koronadal City. The mortgagors
were Marvella Plaza Hotel, Sprinter Lumber, Hardware and Auto Parts, Inc. and/or Sps.
Victoriano Sy and Loreta Cabaies-Sy and/or Sps. Vicente and Antonia Mandanas.

Metrobank foreclosed the mortgage for violation of the terms and conditions of the
mortgage agreement. At the public auction on August 31, 1998, the mortgaged parcels of land
were sold to Metrobank as the highest bidder. Metrobank was issued a certificate of sale which
was registered on September 18, 1998 with the Register of Deeds of South Cotabato. The
mortgagors failed to redeem the 23 parcels of land within the redemption period.

Thereafter, Sps. Victoriano and Loreta Sy, and Sprinter Lumber, Hardware and Auto
Parts, Inc. filed with the RTC, Branch 24, Koronadal City, presided over by Judge Dinopol, a
complaint against Metrobank for Annulment and/or Declaration of Nullity of Real Estate
Mortgage, Extrajudicial Foreclosure Proceedings and Certificate of Sale, with Damages and
Attorney’s Fees and with prayer for the Issuance of a Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) and
Preliminary Injunction, docketed as Civil Case No. 1403-24.

On April 16, 2004, Judge Dinopol inhibited himself from further acting on the case3[3]
on the ground that he received a call, on April 12, 2004, from a ranking officer of the Philippine
Judicial Academy, interceding in behalf of the defendant bank and an earlier call (July 2003)
from a ranking personnel of the OCA, appealing in behalf of the plaintiffs. He claimed he
wanted to avoid being charged with partiality either way he acted on the case.

On September 15, 2005, Metrobank filed with the RTC, South Cotabato, a Petition for
the Issuance of a Writ of Possession over the parcels of land subject of the foreclosed mortgage
against Marvella Plaza Hotel, Sprinter Lumber, Hardware and Auto Parts, Inc., and/or Sps.
Victoriano and Loreta Sy, and/or Sps. Vicente and Antonia Mandanas, docketed as Misc. Case
No. 1440-24,4[4] and assigned to the RTC, Branch 24, Koronadal City, presided by Judge
Dinopol.

On July 13, 2006, Judge Dinopol issued an Order granting the petition,5[5] and issued the
writ of possession on July 21, 2006.6[6]

Meanwhile, or on May 22, 2006, Sprinter Lumber, Hardware and Auto Parts, Inc. filed
with the RTC, Branch 8, Marawi City, a petition, entitled In the Matter of: Petition for the
Declaration of State of Suspension of Payments with Approval of Proposed Rehabilitation Plan,
docketed as Corp. Case No. 1585-06.7[7]

On June 26, 2006, the RTC, Branch 8, Marawi City, issued an Order8[8] staying the
enforcement of all claims against the debtor, its guarantors and sureties not solidarily liable with
the debtor. The same court subsequently approved the rehabilitation plan.

In the meantime, Sheriff Conrado B. Dapulang, Jr. proceeded to implement the writ of
possession issued by Judge Dinopol, but it was returned unsatisfied in view of the stay order
issued by the RTC, Branch 8, Marawi City, in Corp. Case No. 1585-06.9[9]

Consequently, the respondents in Misc. Case No. 1440-24 filed a Motion to Suspend
Proceedings due to the issuance of the stay order and the approval of the rehabilitation plan by
the Rehabilitation Court, and a motion for inhibition on grounds of bias and partiality on the part
of Judge Dinopol. Judge Dinopol denied the motions in an Order dated February 11, 2008, and
directed Deputy Sheriff Ricardo G. Publico to re-implement the writ of execution of July 31,
2006.10[10]

Shortly thereafter, Sy filed the present administrative complaint11[11]charging Judge

Dinopol of gross ignorance of the law and conduct unbecoming a member of the judiciary.

Gross Ignorance of the Law

Sy alleged in his complaint that while Civil Case No. 1403-24 (in which he and his wife
sought the declaration of nullity of the foreclosure proceedings against Metrobank) was pending
before Judge Dinopol’s sala, the judge inhibited himself from acting on the case. This
notwithstanding, and to Sy’s surprise, Judge Dinopol still handled Misc. Case No. 1440-24, a
petition for the issuance of a writ of possession filed by Metrobank, a matter closely intertwined
with Civil Case No. 1403-24. Judge Dinopol then issued an order granting Metrobank the right
to possess the foreclosed properties.12[12]

Sy further alleged that despite the issuance by the RTC, Branch 8, Marawi City, of a stay
order13[13] and the approval of the rehabilitation plan, as well as the pendency of Metrobank’s
petition before the Court of Appeals (CA) Twenty-Third Division in Cagayan De Oro City (CA
G.R. SP No. 01824) assailing the validity of the stay order, Judge Dinopol ordered that the writ
of possession be implemented.14[14]

Conduct Unbecoming of a Judge

Sy claimed in relation with his charge that while Civil Case No. 1403-24 was pending in
Judge Dinopol’s sala, the judge asked him for commodity loans in the form of construction
materials to be used in the construction of the judge’s house. The transaction was evidenced by
delivery receipt no. 15178 (March 8, 2005),15[15] and charge invoices no. 9817 (March 8, 2005)
for P16,000.00,16[16] no. 9826 (March 9, 2005) for P850.00,17[17] and no. 9838 (March 10,
2005) for P780.00.18[18]

Sy further claimed that aside from the commodity loans, Judge Dinopol obtained cash
loans from him on various occasions between December 2, 2005 to July 14, 2006, in the total
amount of P121,000.00, and Judge Dinopol borrowed from him his Suzuki Multi-cab and
returned it after the judge was suspended in September 2007. Sy presented disbursement
vouchers, official receipts and an acknowledgement to prove his claim.19[19]

Judge Dinopol’s Comment

In a 1st indorsement dated March 18, 2008,20[20] the OCA required Judge Dinopol to
comment on the complaint, which he did on April 21, 2008.21[21]

Judge Dinopol denied Sy’s accusations. He stressed that he inhibited himself from Civil
Case No. 1403-24 on April 16, 2004 and had not acted on the case since then; nobody intervened
and pleaded in behalf of Metrobank after Misc. Case No. 1440-24 was filed. He was not aware
nor had he been given notice that Metrobank filed a petition before the CA (CA G.R. SP No.
01824), nor did he receive any order from the appellate tribunal enjoining him to desist from
performing or acting on the incidents pending in Misc. Case No. 1440-24.

Judge Dinopol denied that he committed any breach of procedural rules that could be
characterized as gross ignorance of the basic rules of civil procedures. He maintained that Sy did
not allege any specific actuations of deceit, malice or intent to cause injury to Sy, and that he had
acted fairly and objectively. He added that he observed the requirements of the Code of
Professional Responsibility as a lawyer, relative to his handling of Misc. Case No. 1440-24.

With respect to the alleged accommodations he received from Sy at the time his house
was under construction, Judge Dinopol claimed that when he obtained the commodity loans from
Sy in March 2005, he had already inhibited himself from handling Civil Case No. 1403-24; he
did so on April 16, 2004. He explained that Misc. Case No. 1440-24 was filed only on
September 15, 2005, and was assigned to his sala on September 22, 2005. He denied that he
received from Sy cash loans in the amount of P121,000.00. He also denied borrowing Sy’s
Suzuki Multi-cab and claimed that it was Rogelio Villanueva who borrowed it.
Judge Dinopol countered that it was Sy who acted with sinister design and employed
deceit and cunning to frustrate the administration of justice in the cases he handled.

In a Resolution dated July 15, 2009, the Court resolved to: (1) note Sy’s complaint and
Judge Dinopol’s answer/comment; (2) re-docket the complaint as a regular administrative
matter; and (3) require the parties to manifest whether they were willing to submit the matter for
resolution on the basis of the pleadings. The Court also noted the OCA Report dated May 25,
2009,22[22] which found no basis for the charge of ignorance of the law on the part of Judge
Dinopol, but found him liable for conduct unbecoming a judge.

The Court’s Ruling

The OCA evaluation is well-founded. Judge Dinopol cannot be disciplined for ignorance
of the law and of procedure in his handling of Civil Case No. 1403-24 (for Annulment and/or
Declaration of Nullity of Real Estate Mortgage) filed by Sps. Victoriano and Loreta Sy against
Metrobank, as he inhibited himself from the case, nor in his handling of Misc. Case No. 1440-24
(Petition for the Issuance of a Writ of Possession) filed by Metrobank against Sps. Victoriano
Sy, et al., because of the essential nature of the proceeding itself.

In issuing the writ of possession and in directing its re-implementation when it was
returned unsatisfied the first time it was enforced, Judge Dinopol acted in accordance with the
rules and jurisprudence on the matter.
 As the Court held in Santiago v. Merchants Rural Bank of Talavera, Inc.,23[23] the
proceeding in a petition for the issuance of a writ of possession is ex-parte and summary in
nature. It is brought for the benefit of one party only and may be granted even without notice to
the mortgagor, in this case, complainant Sy. Moreover, the duty of the court to grant a writ of
possession is a ministerial function. The court does not exercise its official discretion or
judgment. 24 [24] Judge Dinopol, before whom the petition for the issuance of a writ of
possession was filed, had no discretion on whether to issue the writ of possession or not. It
cannot be said, therefore, that Judge Dinopol exposed himself or exhibited bias in favor of
Metrobank when he issued the writ of possession.

Further, regardless of whether there is a pending suit for the annulment of the mortgage
or the foreclosure itself, the purchaser is entitled to a writ of possession, without prejudice of
course to the eventual outcome of the annulment case. Once the writ of possession is issued, the
trial court has no alternative but to enforce the writ without delay.25[25]

From another perspective, a stay order only affects claims filed against the assets and
properties belonging to a debtor. Properties that have already been foreclosed, and those whose
titles have already passed on to the winning bidder are no longer considered properties of the
debtor.26[26] In such case, it is a ministerial duty on the part of the trial court to grant a
possessory writ over the foreclosed properties.27[27]

Clearly, Judge Dinopol was well within his authority and committed no impropriety in
directing the re-implementation of the writ of execution in Misc. Case No. 1440-24.

On the other hand, we cannot say the same thing with regard to Sy’s charge of conduct
unbecoming against Judge Dinopol. The latter’s denial of having committed the acts complained
of flies in the face of indications in the records and documentary evidence that he obtained
commodity loans from Sy in the form of building materials for the construction of his house in
Koronadal City. There was also Sy’s claim of cash loans to Judge Dinopol on various occasions,
between December 2, 2005 and July 14, 2006, amounting to P121,000.00, as well as the loan of
Sy’s Suzuki Multi-cab to the Judge.

The commodity loans were evidenced by receipts 28 [28] indicating delivery of

construction materials to Judge Dinopol’s residence. The cash loans appear to have been
covered by disbursement vouchers, 29 [29] and the borrowed multicab is the subject of an
“acknowledgement”30[30] from Judge Dinopol’s driver Rogelio Villanueva.

There is substantial evidence showing that Judge Dinopol obtained the commodity loans
from Sy. The judge himself admitted that he wrote Sy, on March 4, 2005, regarding the
purchase of materials for his house which was then under construction, although he claimed that
it was his wife who transacted with Sy and it was Sy himself who offered to deliver the materials
to his residence.31[31] Judge Dinopol pleaded innocence regarding the commodity loans or even
the cash loans saying that the transaction with Sy regarding the construction materials occurred
when there was no case pending in his sala where Sy was a party.

The above disclaimer notwithstanding, we find Judge Dinopol to have committed a

serious impropriety in his or his family’s financial or business dealings with Sy.

Canon 3 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct in relation to a judge’s impartiality

provides, inter alia, as follows:

Sec. 2. – Judges shall ensure that his or her conduct, both in and out of
court, maintains and enhances the confidence of the public, the legal profession
and litigants in the impartiality of the judge and the judiciary.
 Sec. 3. – Judges shall, so far as is reasonable, so conduct themselves as to
minimize the occasions on which it will be necessary for them to be disqualified
from hearing or deciding cases.

Judge Dinopol violated the above provisions when he received accommodations from Sy
for the building materials he needed for the construction of his house. He compromised his
position as a judge. Although at the time he and his family had business dealings with Sy there
was no pending case involving the businessman, he should have been more circumspect in
securing the construction materials. The sphere of Sy’s business operations was within his
territorial jurisdiction. As the OCA aptly noted, “it is neither impossible nor remote that a case
might be filed in his court with complainant as a party. In such a case, his (respondent) business
and financial dealings with complainant would create a doubt about his fairness and impartiality
in deciding the case and would tend to corrode the respect and dignity of the court.”32[32]

In addition, we find that Judge Dinopol also violated Section 1 of Canon 1, Canon 2 and
Canon 4 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct.

Section 1 of Canon 1 highlights the independence of a judge in performing his official

duties, thus:

SEC. 1. Judges shall exercise the judicial function independently on the basis of
their assessment of the facts and in accordance with a conscientious
understanding of the law, free of any extraneous influence, inducement, pressure,
threat or interference, direct or indirect, from any quarter or for any reason.

Canon 2 requires a judge to promote integrity in the discharge of his official functions:

Integrity is essential not only in the proper discharge of the judicial office
but also to the personal demeanor of judges.

SEC. 1. Judges shall ensure that not only is their conduct above reproach,
but that it is perceived to be so in view of a reasonable observer.

SEC. 2. The behavior and conduct of judges must reaffirm the people’s
faith in the integrity of the judiciary. Justice must not merely be done but must
also be seen to be done.

Moreover, Canon 4 mandates a judge to observe and maintain proper decorum and its
appearance in his public office:
 Propriety and the appearance of propriety are essential to the performance
of all the activities of a judge.

SEC. 1. Judges shall avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety

in all of their activities.

By his own admissions, Judge Dinopol failed to observe these ethical standards. In his
Answer/Comment, Judge Dinopol admitted that he talked with Sy on several occasions to
discuss Misc. Case No. 1440-24.33[33] Judge Dinopol also admitted that Sy, in at least two
instances, requested him to delay the resolution of the writ of possession.34[34] Judge Dinopol’s
actions no doubt created the inference that at some point, he acceded to Sy’s requests to delay the
proceedings. This conclusion, is in fact, bolstered by Judge Dinopol’s knowledge that the
counsel for Metrobank was instructed to immediately secure the order for the issuance of the writ
of possession.35[35] Regardless of the representations allegedly made to him by Sy, Judge
Dinopol should have immediately issued the writ of possession in Metrobank’s favor.

From these inappropriate actions, we find that Judge Dinopol compromised not only his
impartiality in handling Misc. Case No. 1440-24 but also his independence and integrity as a
judge. His actions no doubt diminished public confidence and public trust in him as a judge. His
actions gave the public the impression and the appearance that he can be influenced by
extraneous factors - other than the legal arguments and the court evidence – in discharging his
judicial functions.

In addition, we find that Judge Dinopol committed impropriety in talking with litigants
outside court proceedings. His improper conduct was further aggravated by the fact that these
conversations took place in the absence of the opposing litigants and/or the opposing counsel. In
Agustin v. Mercado,36[36] we declared that employees of the court have no business meeting
with litigants or their representatives under any circumstance. In Re: Affidavit of Frankie N.
Calabines, 37 [37] the Court minced no words in explaining that such unethical conduct
constitutes “a brazen and outrageous betrayal of public trust.”38[38] The Court further declared
in the said case:

x x x The Court cannot overemphasize the need for honesty and integrity on the
part of all those who are in the service of the judiciary. x x x

The image of a court as a bastion of justice depends to a large extent on the

personal and official conduct of its employees. Thus, from the judge to the lowest
clerk, judicial personnel have the sacred duty to maintain the good name of the
Judiciary.

All employees in the judiciary should be examples of responsibility,

competence and efficiency. As officers of the court and agents of the law, they
must discharge their duties with due care and utmost diligence. Any conduct they
exhibit tending to diminish the faith of the people in the judiciary will not be
condoned.39[39]

Certainly, these responsibilities become more exacting when one occupies the position of
a judge. Time and again, we have emphasized that judges are expected to conduct themselves in a
manner that would enhance respect and confidence of the people in the judicial system.40[40]
The New Code of Judicial Conduct for the Philippine Judiciary mandates that judges must not
only maintain their independence, integrity and impartiality; they must also avoid any
appearance of impropriety or partiality, which may erode the people’s faith in the
Judiciary.41[41] These standards apply not only to the decision itself, but also to the
process by which the decision is made.42[42]
 Without a doubt, Judge Dinopol is liable for gross misconduct in office and deserves to
be sanctioned under the above findings. His track record as a judge, in this regard, is far from
exemplary. He is a repeat offender, as demonstrated by the following cases where we
penalized him for questionable conduct:

First, in A.M. No. RTJ-06-1969 decided on June 15, 2006, Judge Dinopol was found
guilty of gross ignorance of the law and was fined P20,000.00. 43[43]

Second, in A.M. No. RTJ-06-2020 decided on September 20, 2006, he was found guilty
of gross ignorance of the law and abuse of authority, and was fined P20,000.00. 44[44]

Third, in A.M. No. RTJ-06-2003 decided on August 23, 2007, he was found liable for
undue delay in rendering a decision or order and for violating the clear provisions of A.M. No.
01-1-07-SC, and was fined P11,000.00.45[45]

Fourth, in A.M. OCA IPI No. 05-2173-RTJ decided on August 28, 2006, he was
strongly admonished, even as the complainant desisted from pursuing the complaint against the
judge for gross ignorance of the law, grave abuse of authority and discretion.46[46]

And more recently, in A.M. No. RTJ-07-2052 decided on March 30, 2009, Judge Dinopol
had been reminded and warned against entertaining litigants outside court premises.47[47]

Section 8, Rule 140 of the Rules of Court classifies gross misconduct constituting a
violation of the Code of Judicial Conduct as a serious charge. Under Section 11 of the same
Rule, the respondent found guilty of a serious charge may be meted any of the following
sanctions:
 1. Dismissal from the service, forfeiture of all or part of the benefits as the Court may
determine, and disqualification from reinstatement or reappointment to any public office;

2. Suspension from office without salary and other benefits for more than three (3)
months but not exceeding six (6) months; or

3. A fine of more than P20,000.00 but not exceeding P40,000.00.

Considering his repeated infractions and numerous breaches of the standard ethical
conduct demanded of judges, we find Judge Dinopol unfit to discharge the functions of a judge.
We impose upon him the severest penalty of dismissal from the service, with forfeiture of all
retirement benefits, excluding accrued leave benefits, and disqualification from reinstatement or
reappointment to any public office, including government-owned or controlled
corporations.48[48]

Lastly, as we sanction Judge Dinopol, we remind the members of the bench that:

[a]lthough every office in the government service is a public trust, no

position exacts a greater demand on moral righteousness and uprightness of an
individual than a seat in the [J]udiciary. A magistrate of the law must compose
himself at all times in such a manner that his conduct, official and otherwise, can
bear the most searching scrutiny of the public that looks up to him as the epitome
of integrity and justice.49[49]

WHEREFORE, premises considered, Judge Oscar E. Dinopol, Regional Trial Court,

Branch 24, Koronadal City, is declared GUILTY OF GROSS MISCONDUCT and is hereby
DISMISSED from the service, with FORFEITURE of all benefits, except accrued leave
credits, if any, with prejudice to his re-employment in any branch or service of the government,
including government-owned and controlled corporations.

SO ORDERED.