Huawei LTE Handover Events

Frequency Domain
Equalization (FDE)
Feature
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Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to
understand:
Basic principle of Frequency Domain Equalization
Implementation of Frequency Domain Equalization in

Huawei RAN12
Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 2
Contents
1. Basic Principle of Frequency Domain Equalization
2. Implementation of Frequency Domain Equalization
Multi-Path Radio Channel
Radio signals are subject to reflection, diffraction, and
attenuation as a result of obstructions such as buildings
and hills in the terrestrial environment. This leads to
multi-path propagation
RAKE Receiver
RAKE receiver uses multi-path radio channel
characteristic to combine the paths and obtain a multi-
path combination gain. This also increases the SNR in the
uplink, thus increasing the system throughput
RAKE receiver is ideal in the low-rate transmission case

because the multi-path combination gain obtained by the
RAKE receiver is greater than the inter-path interference
The RAKE receiver technique was used in the earlier

WCDMA system to increase the system capacity and
coverage
Shortage of RAKE Receiver
The RAKE receiver cannot meet the requirements of users
requesting high-rate services, because the inter-symbol
interference (ISI) caused due to multi-path transmission is
higher than that in the low-rate transmission
To solve the problem mentioned above, highly advanced

algorithms have been developed, such as:
Linear Minimum Mean Square Error receiver (LMMSE
receiver)
Generalized RAKE receiver (G-RAKE receiver)
Introduction of FDE Techniques
Huawei adopts the FDE techniques to suppress the
interference in receiving the signals from the UE:
Compared with the LMMSE receiver, the FDE is easy to
implement
The equalization gain achieved by the FDE is in full parity to

the gain achieved through the LMMSE receiver
Overview of FDE
FDE technique aims to enable the overall transmission function of the
entire system including the equalizer to meet the requirement for zero
distortion in transmission
When the FDE is applied, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) enables the
signals to be equalized in the frequency domain instead of in the time
domain
RAN12
Working Principles of FDE
FDE receiver is used in uplink
The following processing phases are included in the FDE

technique
Benefit of FDE
Compared to RAKE, FDE effectively suppresses inter-path
interference of one user and increase peak data rate
Higher peak
Throughput
data rate
FDE
RAKE Peak data rate is

suppressed by
inter-path
interference
Interference
Benefit of FDE
FDE can reduce the interference from multi-path so as to increase the received
signal quality and the UL throughput
The gain in the scenarios with little multi-path like PA3 is less than 10%. But in
the scenarios abundant in multi-path, the gain is obvious higher and up to
36% in lab test F FDE
D E GGain
a in TTest
est
Test in Lab: Single user in a cell and connected to NodeB antenna by
pipe.
)s 5
User UL Throughput (Mbps)
ROT=6dB and Full buffer service is used.Throughput

pb 9.7%
M 4 gain
(t
up 19.7% 24% 36% 28%
hg 3 22% W ith FD E
uo
rh 2 W /O FD E
T
L
Ur 1
es
U0
P A3 P B3 V A3 VA 30 V A 120 R A 300
Channel
C hannel Mode
Mode
Valuable Scenario
FDE is valuable to provide high UL bit rate for the users in the area
with multi-paths interference like urban
FDE is valuable to provide high UL throughput ( larger than 2Mbps
generally based on test and simulation experience) because the
interferences among multi-paths can’t be ignored in case of high bit
rate and FDE is used to reduce the interference
FDE is necessary in the scenario where 16QAM is enabled and there
are users who meet the criteria of using 16QAM. The bit rate is always
larger than 4Mbps when 16QAM is used. Under the condition, the
interferences among multi-paths are large. Therefore, FDE is required
to reduce the UL interference and help UL throughput reach to its
peak bit rate
Contents
1. Basic Principle of Frequency Domain Equalization
2. Implementation of Frequency Domain Equalization
FDE Resources Allocation
FDE resources are shared by multi-user in one NodeB
FDE resources are allocated to HSUPA users with
high UL rate and high SNR to obtain high gain and
improve the maximum bit rate
Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

FDE Resources Allocation procedure
The Allocation
Duration Coming
Allocate the FDE

There still exist No
resource to the 1st
the FDE
UE
resource?
Yes
Yes
End
There still exist
Criteria for
the FDE
candidate of FDE
resource?
user
Queue based on
No
power of E-
DPDCH/RTWP
End
The flow and criteria to select FDE user:
Users belonging to one

NodeB
Criteria for candidate of FDE user

High bit rate
Enough data in buffer
RL number in SHO
2ms TTI
Candidates queued based on power of E-

DPDCH
NodeB
FDE
pool
Queue based on power of E-

DPDCH/RTWP
FDE user
UL 16QAM User
Allocate FDE resource to UL 16QAM users firstly to improve
the peak bit rate and user experience
CE, Uu, Iub Resources

The FDE resource to a user is reserved for a time to avoid
impact on load
During the reserved time, not reduce the resource of CE, Uu

and Iub for the user to ensure the gain of FDE
Enable FDE
HSUPA is available and FDE license is available:
License control is based on the cell number on NodeB side
Switch: FDE_mode should be true

Hardware:
The BTS3812E/BTS3812AE must be configured with the EULPd
board
The DBS3800 must be configured with the EBBCd board
The 3900 series base stations must be configured with the
WBBPd board
Key Parameters
Id Name Description Range Recomme MML Leve
nded l
Value
FDE_ FDE_ indicates whether FALSE, FALSE ADD/MOD cell

MODE MODE FDE is supported TRUE LOCELL
by the cell This
parameter
KPI Counters
The NodeB takes statistics in each scheduling period
Counter Name Counter Description
VS.HSUPA.FDE.UtilizeTimePermillage Proportion of samples of FDE resource

utilized to the total samples with HSUPA
user in the cell during a measurement
period.
Thank you
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Frequency Domain

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Implementation of Frequency Domain Equalization in

2. Implementation of Frequency Domain Equalization

RAKE receiver is ideal in the low-rate transmission case

The RAKE receiver technique was used in the earlier

To solve the problem mentioned above, highly advanced

Generalized RAKE receiver (G-RAKE receiver)

The equalization gain achieved by the FDE is in full parity to

The following processing phases are included in the FDE

RAKE Peak data rate is

ROT=6dB and Full buffer service is used.Throughput

2. Implementation of Frequency Domain Equalization

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Allocate the FDE

Users belonging to one

Criteria for candidate of FDE user

Candidates queued based on power of E-

Queue based on power of E-

CE, Uu, Iub Resources

During the reserved time, not reduce the resource of CE, Uu

Switch: FDE_mode should be true

FDE_ FDE_ indicates whether FALSE, FALSE ADD/MOD cell

Counter Name Counter Description

VS.HSUPA.FDE.UtilizeTimePermillage Proportion of samples of FDE resource

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