Bearing Analysis

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887

Volume 6 Issue VII, July 2018- Available at www.ijraset.com
Analysis on Effects of Different Materials used to

Manufacture Deep Groove Ball Bearing
Monu Jasoriya1, U.K. Joshi2
1 2
Research scholar, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur
Abstract: Here in this work it calculated the effect of different types of material used to manufacture deep groove ball bearing.
For calculating the suitability of material used for deep groove ball bearing here it calculate the value of contact stress on inner
and outer ring, it also calculated the value of total deformation. For analyzing the different material here it considered four
different materials that are SUJ2, ASTM 52100, JIS4104 and SUS440C. In order to check different conditions of loading on
different material here it considered 2000, 4000, 6000 and 10000 N load to perform static analysis on deep groove ball bearing.
For the analysis here it considered 6332 type deep groove ball bearing. During dynamic analysis different rotational speed were
applied on the ball bearing and calculate the value of equivalent stress and total deformation, for different rotating conditions
hear it considered four different rotational speed that is 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 RPM. Through analysis it is found that
SUS440C material is the optimum material to manufacture deep groove ball bearing.
Keywords: Deep groove ball bearing, FEA, Static analysis, Dynamic analysis, Material, deformation
I. INTRODUCTION
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and reduces friction between moving
parts. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a
fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts. Most bearings
facilitate the desired motion by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions
allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts. Rotary bearings hold rotating components such
as shafts or axles within mechanical systems, and transfer axial and radial loads from the source of the load to the structure
supporting it. The simplest form of bearing, the plain bearing, consists of a shaft rotating in a hole. Lubrication is often used to
reduce friction. In the ball bearing and roller bearing, to prevent sliding friction, rolling elements such as rollers or balls with a
circular cross-section are located between the races or journals of the bearing assembly.
A wide variety of bearing designs exists to allow the demands of the application to be correctly met for maximum efficiency,
reliability, durability and performance. The performances of bearing were analyzed at both the condition that is static and dynamic
to improve the quality and performance of bearing. Here in this work it has numerically analyzed the contact stresses and
deformation during the static and dynamic condition of ball bearing. Here in this work four different materials were used to
minimize the contact stresses and also to reduce total deformation of ball bearing. In order to perform the numerical analysis of ball
bearing first it has to develop the solid model of ball bearing.
II. SOLID MODEL OF BALL BEARING

Here in this work the solid model of ball bearing were drawn on the basis of parameters that were considered during the
experimental analysis of ball bearing perform by shuting li [19]. The geometric specification of ball bearing used for the numerical
analysis were shown in the below table.
Table.1 Geometric parameter of ball bearing

Parameters Value
Inner race diameter or bore diameter (d) 32 mm
Outer race diameter (D) 75 mm
Width (B) 20 mm
Ball diameter 11.11 mm
Number of ball 8
On the basis of given geometric specification solid model of ball bearing were develop. The solid model of ball bearing were shown
in the below fig.
©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 287

Fig.1 solid model of ball bearing used for the numerical analysis
A. Mesh
To perform the numerical analysis first it has to discretize the complete body of ball bearing in to number of nodes and elements. In
order calculate the dependency of result on nodes and elements, here in this work it perform mesh of ball bearing with different
number of nodes and elements and calculated the value of contact stresses. Through analysis it is found that the contact stress does
not depend on the number of nodes and elements. Here in this analysis it discretizes the ball bearing in to 18894 numbers of
elements which gives optimum result. The mesh of the ball bearing is shown in the below fig.
Fig.2 shows the meshing of the ball bearing
Fig.3 shows the fine meshing on balls
B. Materials

Here in this work four different materials were considered to manufacture ball bearing. The contact stress in ball bearing mainly
depends on the material properties that are used for the manufacturing of bearing. So in order to reduce contact stress and
deformation in ball bearing here if considered four different types of material used for manufacturing of ball bearing. The properties
of four different materials used for the numerical analysis is shown in the below section. For the initial analysis here we have
considered material as considered in base paper that is SUJ2 type
Table.2 Properties of SUJ2 material

Property value
Density (kg/ ) 7850
Young modulus (MPa) 2.1×10
Poisson ratio 0.3
Table.3 Properties of ASTM 52100 material

Property value
Density (kg/ ) 7827
Poisson ratio 0.277
Table.4 Properties of JIS4104 material

Property value
Density (kg/ ) 7830
Poisson ratio 0.285
Table.5 Properties of SUS440C material

Property value
Density (kg/ ) 7680
Young modulus (MPa) 2×10
Poisson ratio 0.27
C. Mathematical model
In order to validate the numerical analysis here it calculated the value of contact stress analytically. Here it calculates the value of
contact stress for SUS440C material at 2000 N load condition. The mathematical calculation used for finding contact stress
Where
a = 1.145 (F. K. ) , b = 1.145 (F. K. ) , = + , K=
Where F = radial load, = radius of ball, = radius of inner race groove, = radius of inner race, = 5.5562 mm, =
5.6674 mm, = 23.009 mm, K = 4.4058 mm, = 8.667 × 10
1 2 ( )
= ( )

2 ( )
= ( )
a = 1.0025 mm
b= 0.5012 mm
Contact between inner ring and ball
Contact stress = 1900.35MPa
D. Boundary condition
Here in this work first it perform the static analysis of ball bearing, to perform the numerical analysis of ball bearing at static state
here we have considered same boundary conditions as considered during the experimental analysis performed by shuting [19]. Here
in this work for static analysis it considered outer ring of the ball bearing is in fix condition whereas 2000 N radial load is applied on
the ball bearing and calculate the value of contact stresses and total deformation of ball bearing. During the dynamic analysis of ball
bearing it considered four different loading conditions that is 2000, 4000, 6000 and 10000 N
III. RESULT
This work considered both that is static and dynamic numerical analysis of ball bearing to analyses the different material used for
the ball bearing. It calculates the value of contact stress and deformation of ball bearing at different loads during static state
numerical analysis. For analyzing the effect of different loads on contact stress and deformation during dynamic analysis it
considered four different load that is 2000, 4000, 6000, 10000 N and calculate the value of contact stress and deformation for each
load.
A. For Static Analysis

During static analysis it considered the same material as considered during the experimental analysis performed by shuting [19] that
is SUJ2 and also considered the same boundary condition as considered during the experimental analysis.
B. Validation Of Numerical Analysis

In order to validate the numerical model of deep groove ball bearing it calculated the value of contact stresses on inner and outer
ring of deep groove ball bearing for different loads the value of contact stress for different loads were shown in the below table.
Fig.4 shows the contact stress on inner ring for 2000 N load
Table.6 Value of contact stresses in between inner ring and balls

Applied load (N) Contact stress from base Contact stress for FEA Error in %
paper (MPa) analysis (MPa)
2000 2000 2023.8 1.19
4000 2640 2681.7 1.57

6000 3090 3137.3 1.53
10000 3800 3846 1.21

Fig.5 shows the contact stress on outer ring for 2000 N load
Fig.6 contact stress at contact point of ball
Table.7 Value of contact stresses in between outer ring and balls

Applied load (N) Contact stress from base Contact stress for FEA Error in %
paper (MPa) analysis (MPa)
2000 1900 1917.5 0.92
4000 2500 2540.8 1.6
6000 2940 2972.1 1.09
10000 3600 3643.2 1.2
4000
3500
Contact stress (MPa)
3000
2500
for numerical analysis
2000 from base paper
1500
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Radial load (N)
Fig.7 comparison of value of contact stresses in between inner ring and ball

4000
3500
Contact strees (MPa)
3000
2500
for numerical analysis
2000 from base paper
1500
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Radial load (N)

Fig.8 comparison of value of contact stresses in between outer ring and ball
From above graph it is found that the value of contact stresses at inner and outer ring is near to the value of contact stresses as given
in the base paper so here we can say that the numerical analysis of deep groove ball bearing is correct. After validating the
numerical analysis of deep groove ball bearing here it perform the numerical analysis on different materials used for the
manufacturing of deep groove ball bearing and calculate the value of contact stresses on inner and outer ring and also calculate the
value of total deformation.
C. For SUJ2 Material
Fig.9 shows the total deformation ball bearing at 2000 N load
Table.8 Shows the value of different parameters of deep groove ball bearing of SUJ2 material
Load (N) Contact stress on outer Contact stress on outer Total Deformation
ring (MPa) ring (MPa)
2000 1917.5 2023.8 0.0547
4000 2540.8 2681.7 0.7260
6000 2972.1 3137.3 0.08492
10000 3643.2 3846 0.10411

D. For JIS4104 Material

Table.9 Shows the value of different parameters of deep groove ball bearing of JIS4104 material
2000 1920.6 1991.6 0.05271
4000 2544.8 2639 0.06984
6000 2976.9 3087.3 0.08170
10000 3649.1 3784.8 0.10016
Fig.10 shows the total deformation 6000 N
E. For ASTM 52100 Material

Table.10 Shows the value of different parameters of deep groove ball bearing of ASTM 52100 material
2000 1922.2 1975.7 0.05446
4000 2547 2618 0.07216
6000 2979.5 3062.8 0.08441
10000 3652.3 3754.6 0.10348
F. For SUS440C Material

Table.11 Shows the value of different parameters of deep groove ball bearing of SUS440C material
2000 1923.7 1962.5 0.04983
4000 2548.9 2600.4 0.06603
6000 2981.7 3042.2 0.07724
10000 3655.1 3729.4 0.09468
G. Comparison of Different Material

Here we have compares the value of contact stresses on inner and outer ring of deep groove ball bearing and also compared the
value of total deformation take place on ball bearing and find the optimum material for deep groove ball bearing.

4000
3600
3200
2800 for SUJ 2

for JIS4104
2400
for ASTM 52100
2000
for SUS440C
1600
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Radial load (N)
Fig.11 comparison of value of contact stress on the inner ring of deep groove ball bearing
4000
3500
Contact stress (MP)
3000
for SUJ 2
2500 for JIS4104
for ASTM 52100
2000
for SUS440C
1500
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Radial load (N)
Fig.12 comparison of value of contact stress on the outer ring of deep groove ball bearing
0.11
0.1
0.09
0.08
for SUJ 2
0.07
for JIS4104
0.06 for ASTM 52100
0.05 for SUS440C
0.04
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Radial load (N)
Fig.13 comparison of value of total deformation of deep groove ball bearing

From the above analysis it is found that the value of contact stresses is minimum for SUS440C material and also shows the
minimum total deformation as compared to other material. From the analysis it is also found that as the value of load increases the
value of contact stresses also increase.
H. For Dynamic Analysis

Here in this section it calculate the value of equivalent stress for different loading condition and also calculate the value of total
deformation during dynamic analysis of deep groove ball bearing. For SUS440C material at 2000 N loading condition the value of
equivalent stress is shown in the below fig.
Fig. 14 value of equivalent stress for dynamic loading at 1000 rpm
Table. 12 Value of equivalent stresses for different material at different rotational speed
Rotational Equivalent stress Equivalent stress (MPa) Equivalent stress Equivalent stress (MPa) for
Speed (MPa) for SUS440 for JIS4104 material (MPa) for SUJ 2 ASTM 52100
(RPM) material material material
1000 0.004 0.0071 0.0079 0.0054
1500 0.009 0.0138 00146 0.0115
2000 0.016 0.0227 0.025 0.0195
2500 0.025 0.038 0.0405 0.034
0.05
Equivalent Stress (MPa)
For SUS404C Material

0.04 For JIS4104 Material
For SUJ2 Material
0.03 For ASTM 52100 Material
0.02
0.01
0
800 1300 1800 2300 2800
Rotational Speed (RPM)
Fig.15 comparison of value of equivalent stress for different materials during Dynamic analysis

3
For SUS440C material
2.5
Total Deformation (e-07) mm
For JIS4104 Material
2 For SUJ2
For ASTM 52100 Material

1.5
0.5
0
800 1300 1800 2300 2800
Rotation speed (RPM)
Fig. 16 comparison of value of Total Deformation for different material during dynamic condition
From the dynamic analysis it is found that the total deformation of deep groove ball bearing is minimum for SUS440C material
during different running speed. Through analysis it is found that the value of equivalent stress is minimum for SUS440C material as
compared to other materials.
After evaluating deep groove ball bearing for static and dynamic analysis, it is found that SUS440C material is the most compatible
material to manufacture deep groove ball bearing.
IV. CONCLUSION
A. After performing the numerical analysis of deep groove ball bearing, it is found that the value of contact stresses increases with
increase in load.
B. The value of contact stresses on outer ring is minimum for material SUS440C during static loading condition.
C. Through analysis it is also found that the value of total deformation is minimum for material SUS440C which shows the
maximum load bearing capacity of material as compared to other materials.
D. During dynamic analysis, material SUS440C shows the less equivalent stress and minimum total deformation.
E. So here it is conclude that SUS440C material is the optimum material to manufacture deep groove ball bearing.
REFERENCES
[1] N. Tandon and A. Choudhury, “A Review of Vibration and Acoustic Measurement Methods for the Detection of Defects in Rolling Element Bearings”
Tribology International, Vol. 32, pp.469–480, 1999.
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1984; 106:447–53.
[3] Patel V N, Tandon N, Pandey R K. “A dynamic model for vibration studies of deep groove ball bearing considering single and multiple defects in races”.
Journal of Tribology 2010; 132: 041101-1- 10.
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Sciences 2010; 52: 1176-85

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Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States, 19 October 2012
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)

ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887

Analysis on Effects of Different Materials used to

II. SOLID MODEL OF BALL BEARING

Table.1 Geometric parameter of ball bearing

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 287

Fig.2 shows the meshing of the ball bearing

Fig.3 shows the fine meshing on balls

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 288

Table.2 Properties of SUJ2 material

Table.3 Properties of ASTM 52100 material

Table.4 Properties of JIS4104 material

Table.5 Properties of SUS440C material

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 289

Contact between inner ring and ball

Contact stress = 1900.35MPa

A. For Static Analysis

B. Validation Of Numerical Analysis

Table.6 Value of contact stresses in between inner ring and balls

4000 2640 2681.7 1.57

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 290

Fig.6 contact stress at contact point of ball

Table.7 Value of contact stresses in between outer ring and balls

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 291

2000 from base paper

Radial load (N)

C. For SUJ2 Material

Fig.9 shows the total deformation ball bearing at 2000 N load

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 292

D. For JIS4104 Material

Fig.10 shows the total deformation 6000 N

E. For ASTM 52100 Material

F. For SUS440C Material

G. Comparison of Different Material

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 293

2800 for SUJ 2

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 294

H. For Dynamic Analysis

Fig. 14 value of equivalent stress for dynamic loading at 1000 rpm

1000 0.004 0.0071 0.0079 0.0054

1500 0.009 0.0138 00146 0.0115

2000 0.016 0.0227 0.025 0.0195

2500 0.025 0.038 0.0405 0.034

For SUS404C Material

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 295

For JIS4104 Material

For ASTM 52100 Material

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 296

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 297

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