Jquery Introduction: What You Should Already Know

JQuery Introduction
The purpose of jQuery is to make it much easier to use JavaScript on your

website.
What You Should Already Know

Before you start studying jQuery, you should have a basic knowledge of:
 HTML
 CSS
 JavaScript
What is jQuery?
jQuery is a lightweight, "write less, do more", JavaScript library.
The purpose of jQuery is to make it much easier to use JavaScript on your

website.
jQuery takes a lot of common tasks that require many lines of JavaScript code
to accomplish, and wraps them into methods that you can call with a single line
of code.
jQuery also simplifies a lot of the complicated things from JavaScript, like AJAX
calls and DOM manipulation.
The jQuery library contains the following features:
 HTML/DOM manipulation
 CSS manipulation
 HTML event methods

 Effects and animations
 AJAX
 Utilities
Why jQuery?
There are lots of other JavaScript frameworks out there, but jQuery seems to be
the most popular, and also the most extendable.
Many of the biggest companies on the Web use jQuery, such as:
 Google
 Microsoft
 IBM
 Netflix
jQuery Get Started

Adding jQuery to Your Web Pages
There are several ways to start using jQuery on your web site. You can:
 Download the jQuery library from jQuery.com
 Include jQuery from a CDN, like Google
Downloading jQuery
There are two versions of jQuery available for downloading:
 Production version - this is for your live website because it has been
minified and compressed
 Development version - this is for testing and development (uncompressed

and readable code)
Both versions can be downloaded from jQuery.com.
The jQuery library is a single JavaScript file, and you reference it with the HTML
<script> tag (notice that the <script> tag should be inside the <head>
section):
<head>
<script src="jquery-1.11.3.min.js"></script>
</head>
jQuery CDN
If you don't want to download and host jQuery yourself, you can include it from
a CDN (Content Delivery Network).
Both Google and Microsoft host jQuery.
To use jQuery from Google or Microsoft, use one of the following:
Google CDN:
<head>
<script
src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></scr
ipt>
</head>
Microsoft CDN:
<head>
<script src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-
1.11.3.min.js"></script>
</head>
jQuery Syntax
With jQuery you select (query) HTML elements and perform "actions" on them.
jQuery Syntax
The jQuery syntax is tailor made for selecting HTML elements and performing
some action on the element(s).
Basic syntax is: $(selector).action()
 A $ sign to define/access jQuery
 A (selector) to "query (or find)" HTML elements
 A jQuery action() to be performed on the element(s)
Examples:
$(this).hide() - hides the current element.
$("p").hide() - hides all <p> elements.
$(".test").hide() - hides all elements with class="test".
$("#test").hide() - hides the element with id="test".
The Document Ready Event

You might have noticed that all jQuery methods in our examples, are inside a
document ready event:
$(document).ready(function(){
// jQuery methods go here...
});
This is to prevent any jQuery code from running before the document is finished
loading (is ready).
It is good practice to wait for the document to be fully loaded and ready before
working with it. This also allows you to have your JavaScript code before the
body of your document, in the head section.
Here are some examples of actions that can fail if methods are run before the
document is fully loaded:
 Trying to hide an element that is not created yet
 Trying to get the size of an image that is not loaded yet
Tip: The jQuery team has also created an even shorter method for the
document ready event:
$(function(){
// jQuery methods go here...
});
Use the syntax you prefer. We think that the document ready event is easier to
understand when reading the code.
jQuery Selectors
jQuery selectors are one of the most important parts of the jQuery library.
jQuery Selectors
jQuery selectors allow you to select and manipulate HTML element(s).
jQuery selectors are used to "find" (or select) HTML elements based on their id,
classes, types, attributes, values of attributes and much more. It's based on the
existing CSS Selectors, and in addition, it has some own custom selectors.
All selectors in jQuery start with the dollar sign and parentheses: $().
The element Selector
The jQuery element selector selects elements based on the element name.
You can select all <p> elements on a page like this:
$("p")
Example
When a user clicks on a button, all <p> elements will be hidden:
Example
$("button").click(function(){
$("p").hide();
});
});
The #id Selector

The jQuery #id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML tag to find the specific
element.
An id should be unique within a page, so you should use the #id selector when
you want to find a single, unique element.
To find an element with a specific id, write a hash character, followed by the id
of the HTML element:
$("#test")
Example
When a user clicks on a button, the element with id="test" will be hidden:
Example
$("#test").hide();
});
});
Class Work
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
$("#test").hide();
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p id="test">This is another paragraph.</p>
<button>Click me</button>
</body>
</html>
The .class Selector

The jQuery class selector finds elements with a specific class.
To find elements with a specific class, write a period character, followed by the
name of the class:
$(".test")
Example
When a user clicks on a button, the elements with class="test" will be hidden:
Example
$(".test").hide();
});
});
Class Work
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
$(".test").hide();
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h2 class="test">This is a heading</h2>
<p class="test">This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
<button>Click me</button>
</body>
</html>
jQuery Event Methods

jQuery is tailor-made to respond to events in an HTML page.
What are Events?

All the different visitor's actions that a web page can respond to are called
events.
An event represents the precise moment when something happens.
Examples:
 moving a mouse over an element
 selecting a radio button
 clicking on an element
The term "fires/fired" is often used with events. Example: "The keypress
event is fired, the moment you press a key".
Here are some common DOM events:
Mouse Events Keyboard Events Form Events Document/Window Events
click keypress submit load
dblclick keydown change resize
mouseenter keyup focus scroll
mouseleave blur unload
jQuery Syntax For Event Methods

In jQuery, most DOM events have an equivalent jQuery method.
To assign a click event to all paragraphs on a page, you can do this:
$("p").click();
The next step is to define what should happen when the event fires. You must
pass a function to the event:
$("p").click(function(){
// action goes here!!
});
Commonly Used jQuery Event Methods

$(document).ready()
The $(document).ready() method allows us to execute a function when the

document is fully loaded. This event is already explained in the jQuery
Syntax chapter.
click()
The click() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML element.
The function is executed when the user clicks on the HTML element.
The following example says: When a click event fires on a <p> element; hide
the current <p> element:
Example
$("p").click(function(){
$(this).hide();
});
mouseenter()
The mouseenter() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML

element.
The function is executed when the mouse pointer enters the HTML element:
Example
$("#p1").mouseenter(function(){
alert("You entered p1!");
});
mouseleave()
The mouseleave() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML

element.
The function is executed when the mouse pointer leaves the HTML element:
Example
$("#p1").mouseleave(function(){
alert("Bye! You now leave p1!");
});
mousedown()
The mousedown() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML

element.
The function is executed, when the left, middle or right mouse button is pressed
down, while the mouse is over the HTML element:
Example
$("#p1").mousedown(function(){
alert("Mouse down over p1!");
});
mouseup()
The mouseup() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML element.
The function is executed, when the left, middle or right mouse button is
released, while the mouse is over the HTML element:
Example
$("#p1").mouseup(function(){
alert("Mouse up over p1!");
});
hover()
The hover() method takes two functions and is a combination of the

mouseenter() and mouseleave() methods.
The first function is executed when the mouse enters the HTML element, and
the second function is executed when the mouse leaves the HTML element:
Example
$("#p1").hover(function(){
alert("You entered p1!");
},
function(){
alert("Bye! You now leave p1!");
});
focus()
The focus() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML form field.
The function is executed when the form field gets focus:
Example
$("input").focus(function(){
$(this).css("background-color", "#cccccc");
});
blur()
The blur() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML form field.
The function is executed when the form field loses focus:

Example
$("input").blur(function(){
$(this).css("background-color", "#ffffff");
});
The on() Method

The on() method attaches one or more event handlers for the selected
elements.
Attach a click event to a <p> element:
Example
$("p").on("click", function(){
$(this).hide();
});
Attach multiple event handlers to a <p> element:
Example
$("p").on({
mouseenter: function(){
$(this).css("background-color", "lightgray");
},
mouseleave: function(){
$(this).css("background-color", "lightblue");
},
click: function(){
$(this).css("background-color", "yellow");
}
});
Class Work
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
$("p").on({
mouseenter: function(){
$(this).css("background-color", "lightgray");
},
mouseleave: function(){
$(this).css("background-color", "lightblue");
},
click: function(){
$(this).css("background-color", "yellow");
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<p>Click or move the mouse pointer over this paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>
Query Effects - Hide and Show
Hide, Show, Toggle, Slide, Fade, and Animate. WOW!
Examples
jQuery hide() and show()
With jQuery, you can hide and show HTML elements with the hide() and show()
methods:
Example
$("#hide").click(function(){
$("p").hide();
});
$("#show").click(function(){
$("p").show();
});
Class Work
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
$("#hide").click(function(){
$("p").hide();
});
$("#show").click(function(){
$("p").show();
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<p>If you click on the "Hide" button, I will disappear.</p>
<button id="hide">Hide</button>
<button id="show">Show</button>
</body>
</html>
Syntax:
$(selector).hide(speed,callback);
$(selector).show(speed,callback);
The optional speed parameter specifies the speed of the hiding/showing, and
can take the following values: "slow", "fast", or milliseconds.
The optional callback parameter is a function to be executed after the hide() or

show() method completes (you will learn more about callback functions in a
later chapter).
The following example demonstrates the speed parameter with hide():

Example
$("p").hide(1000);
});
Class Work
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
$("p").hide(1000);
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button>Hide</button>
<p>This is a paragraph with little content.</p>
<p>This is another small paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
jQuery toggle()
With jQuery, you can toggle between the hide() and show() methods with the
toggle() method.
Shown elements are hidden and hidden elements are shown:
Example
$("p").toggle();
});
Class Work
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
$("p").toggle();
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button>Toggle</button>
<p>This is a paragraph with little content.</p>
<p>This is another small paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
jQuery Effects - Fading

Examples
jQuery Fading Methods
With jQuery you can fade an element in and out of visibility.
jQuery has the following fade methods:
 fadeIn()
 fadeOut()
 fadeToggle()
 fadeTo()
jQuery fadeIn() Method

The jQuery fadeIn() method is used to fade in a hidden element.
Syntax:
$(selector).fadeIn(speed,callback);
The optional speed parameter specifies the duration of the effect. It can take
the following values: "slow", "fast", or milliseconds.
The optional callback parameter is a function to be executed after the fading

completes.
The following example demonstrates the fadeIn() method with different

parameters:
Example
$("#div1").fadeIn();
$("#div2").fadeIn("slow");
$("#div3").fadeIn(3000);
});
Class Work
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
$("#div1").fadeIn();
$("#div2").fadeIn("slow");
$("#div3").fadeIn(3000);
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<p>Demonstrate fadeIn() with different parameters.</p>
<button>Click to fade in boxes</button><br><br>
<div id="div1" style="width:80px;height:80px;display:none;background-color:red;"></div><br>
<div id="div2" style="width:80px;height:80px;display:none;background-color:green;"></div><br>
<div id="div3" style="width:80px;height:80px;display:none;background-color:blue;"></div>
</body>
</html>
jQuery fadeOut() Method

The jQuery fadeOut() method is used to fade out a visible element.
Syntax:
$(selector).fadeOut(speed,callback);

completes.
The following example demonstrates the fadeOut() method with different

parameters:
Example
$("#div1").fadeOut();
$("#div2").fadeOut("slow");
$("#div3").fadeOut(3000);
});
jQuery fadeToggle() Method

The jQuery fadeToggle() method toggles between the fadeIn() and fadeOut()
methods.
If the elements are faded out, fadeToggle() will fade them in.
If the elements are faded in, fadeToggle() will fade them out.
Syntax:
$(selector).fadeToggle(speed,callback);

completes.
The following example demonstrates the fadeToggle() method with different

parameters:
Example
$("#div1").fadeToggle();
$("#div2").fadeToggle("slow");
$("#div3").fadeToggle(3000);
});

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JQuery Introduction

The purpose of jQuery is to make it much easier to use JavaScript on your

What You Should Already Know

The purpose of jQuery is to make it much easier to use JavaScript on your

The jQuery library contains the following features:

 HTML event methods

jQuery Get Started

 Download the jQuery library from jQuery.com

 Include jQuery from a CDN, like Google

 Development version - this is for testing and development (uncompressed

Both Google and Microsoft host jQuery.

To use jQuery from Google or Microsoft, use one of the following:

Basic syntax is: $(selector).action()

 A $ sign to define/access jQuery

 A (selector) to "query (or find)" HTML elements

 A jQuery action() to be performed on the element(s)

$(this).hide() - hides the current element.

$("p").hide() - hides all <p> elements.

$(".test").hide() - hides all elements with class="test".

$("#test").hide() - hides the element with id="test".

The Document Ready Event

// jQuery methods go here...

 Trying to hide an element that is not created yet

 Trying to get the size of an image that is not loaded yet

// jQuery methods go here...

You can select all <p> elements on a page like this:

When a user clicks on a button, all <p> elements will be hidden:

The #id Selector

<p id="test">This is another paragraph.</p>

The .class Selector

<h2 class="test">This is a heading</h2>

<p class="test">This is a paragraph.</p>

<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

jQuery Event Methods

What are Events?

 moving a mouse over an element

 selecting a radio button

Here are some common DOM events:

Mouse Events Keyboard Events Form Events Document/Window Events

click keypress submit load

dblclick keydown change resize

mouseenter keyup focus scroll

mouseleave blur unload

jQuery Syntax For Event Methods

To assign a click event to all paragraphs on a page, you can do this:

Commonly Used jQuery Event Methods

The $(document).ready() method allows us to execute a function when the

The click() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML element.

The mouseenter() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML

The mouseleave() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML

The mousedown() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML

The mouseup() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML element.

The hover() method takes two functions and is a combination of the

The function is executed when the form field gets focus:

The function is executed when the form field loses focus:

The on() Method

Attach a click event to a <p> element:

Attach multiple event handlers to a <p> element: