Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 148 views

    Adoption of Programming Codes in The Design of Earth Retaining Wall in Different Backfill Conditions

    Uploaded by

    rodas tefera
    This document describes using Python programming code to design earth retaining walls under different backfill conditions. It includes the introduction of retaining walls and Python, as well as methodology and sample code. The methodology section describes designing a cantilever retaining wall with dry horizontal backfill and fully submerged backfill conditions. The code provides outputs such as depth of foundation, bending moments, earth pressures, and required steel areas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Adoption of Programming Codes in The Design of Earth Retaining Wall in Different Backfill Conditions

    Uploaded by

    rodas tefera
    148 views7 pages
    This document describes using Python programming code to design earth retaining walls under different backfill conditions. It includes the introduction of retaining walls and Python, as well as methodology and sample code. The methodology section describes designing a cantilever retaining wall with dry horizontal backfill and fully submerged backfill conditions. The code provides outputs such as depth of foundation, bending moments, earth pressures, and required steel areas.

    Original Description:

    Book of civil

    Original Title

    8. 47-53

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document describes using Python programming code to design earth retaining walls under different backfill conditions. It includes the introduction of retaining walls and Python, as well as methodology and sample code. The methodology section describes designing a cantilever retaining wall with dry horizontal backfill and fully submerged backfill conditions. The code provides outputs such as depth of foundation, bending moments, earth pressures, and required steel areas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    148 views7 pages

    Adoption of Programming Codes in The Design of Earth Retaining Wall in Different Backfill Conditions

    Uploaded by

    rodas tefera
    This document describes using Python programming code to design earth retaining walls under different backfill conditions. It includes the introduction of retaining walls and Python, as well as methodology and sample code. The methodology section describes designing a cantilever retaining wall with dry horizontal backfill and fully submerged backfill conditions. The code provides outputs such as depth of foundation, bending moments, earth pressures, and required steel areas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)

    ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 23-19 – 1805


    || Pages || PP 47-53 || 2018 ||

    Adoption of Programming Codes in the Design of Earth


    Retaining Wall in Different Backfill Conditions.
    Dr. P. D. Hiwase1 Mr. Shashank Bisen 2 Mr. Pratik Surana3
    Assistant Professor Civil Engg. Department RCOEM Nagpur
    4th Year Student Civil Engg. Department RCOEM Nagpur
    4th Year Student Civil Engg. Department RCOEM Nagpur

    ABSTRACT:The earth retaining wall is the most important structure in various construction projects of civil
    engineering. It involves intricate design work and the manual calculations can sometimes become tedious and
    time taking. Also the accuracy and precision of the design becomes very important when it comes to big
    structures such as bridges and dams. Therefore, a lot of companies and construction firms have started using
    various user friendly software. We, through this paper, want to make an attempt to use programming languages
    to make calculations of the design of retaining wall much more easy and swift.
    KEYWORDS: Retaining wall design, Active earth pressure, Software programming.

    I. INTRODUCTION
    Retaining walls are used to retain earth or other loose material. These walls are commonly constructed
    in the places namely construction of building basement, as wing wall or abutment in bridge construction and in
    the construction of embankment. All these types of construction works require intricate calculations with
    accuracy and precision. So to make these calculations much easy and appropriate, the use of a programming
    language known as Python is used here. Python as a coding language is very useful as it gives Learning Ease, it
    has User-friendly Data Structures: and the Productivity and Speed is very quick. This paper deals with the
    design of retaining wall with horizontal backfill using Python to get more accurate data.

    1.1 Retaining Wall


    Retaining walls are used to retain earth or other loose material. These walls are commonly constructed
    in the following places :
    1. In the construction of building basement
    2. As wing wall or abutment in bridge construction
    3. In the construction of embankment

    1.2 Types of Retaining wall


    1. Gravity Retaining Wall
    2. Cantilever Retaining Wall
    3. Counterfort Retaining Wall
    4. Buttress Retaining Wall

    1.2.1 Cantilever Retaining Wall


    It is the most common type of Retaining wall which consists of a vertical wall called as stem, heel slab
    and toe slab. As all the three components of this wall acts as cantilever, the wall is called as cantilever retaining
    wall.
    The stem, heel and toe all resist the earth pressure by bending. These walls can be L or inverted in
    shape. The cantilever Retaining wall are used upto height of 6meter.

    Recent Innovation & Challenges in Civil Engineering Page 47


    Adoption Of Programming Codes In The Design Of Earth Retaining Wall In Different Backfill

    Figure 1: Basic elements of Retaining Wall


    (Source: Wikipedia)
    1.3 About the programming language: Python
    Python is an interpreted high-level programming language for general-purpose programming. Created
    by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code
    readability, and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code, notably
    using significant whitespace. It provides constructs that enable clear programming on both small and large
    scales.
    Python features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management. It supports multiple programming
    paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative, functional and procedural, and has a large and
    comprehensive standard library.
    Python interpreters are available for many operating systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python,
    is source software] and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its variant
    implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation.
    (Source: Wikipedia)

    1.3.1 Advantages of Python Language


    1. This language is Open Source and support Community Development.
    2. It is easy to learn.
    3. The language is User-friendly Data Structures.
    4. It is Productivity and Speedy.

    II. METHODOLOGY
    By using Python programming language we have designed retaining wall in different backfill conditions.
    2.1Case 1: Retaining wall with dry horizontal backfill
    Problem 1:
    Total height of retaining wall = 4.4m
    Width of base slab = 2.5m
    Thickness of base slab = 0.4m
    Cantilever projection on toe side = 0.8m
    Cantilever projection on heel side = 1.4m
    Angle of shearing resistance = 30degrees
    Unit weight of soil = 18
    Soil Bearing Capacity = 150

    2.2Program for design of retaining wall structure


    import math
    print 'Enter the height of retaining wall'
    H = input()
    print 'Enter width of base slab'
    b = input()

    Recent Innovation & Challenges in Civil Engineering Page 48


    Adoption Of Programming Codes In The Design Of Earth Retaining Wall In Different Backfill

    print 'Enter the thickness of base slab'


    t = input()
    print 'Enter projection on toe side'
    b1 = input()
    print ' Enter angle of shear resistance'
    phi = input()
    print ' Enter unit weight of soil(in kN/cumec)'
    gama = input()
    print ' Enter soil bearing capacity'
    q = input()
    print ' Enter grade of concrete'
    fck = input()
    print ' Enter grade of steel'
    fy = input()
    print ' Enter clear cover'
    cc = input()
    b2 = b - b1 - 0.1 - 0.2
    ka = (1 - math.sin(math.radians(phi)))/(1 + math.sin(math.radians(phi)))
    Df = (q/gama) * ka * ka
    print 'Depth of foundation is ',Df
    h=H-t
    Pa = (ka * gama * h * h)/2
    Pau = 1.5 * Pa
    Mu = Pau * h/3
    print 'Bending moment due to active earth pressure on retaining wall in kN-m is',Mu
    d = math.sqrt(Mu*1000000/(0.138*fck*1000))
    print 'Effective depth is',d
    Astem = (0.5*fck*1000*d)/fy*(1 - math.sqrt(1-((4.6*Mu*1000000)/(fck*1000*d*d))))
    print 'Area of steel of stem is',Astem
    W1 = 0.2*h*25
    W2 = 0.5*0.1*h*25
    W3 = b*t*25
    W4 = (2.5 - b1 - 0.3)*h*18
    W = W1 + W2 + W3 + W4
    Wu = 1.5*W
    Pa1 = 0.5*ka*gama*H*H
    Pa1u = 1.5 * Pa1
    OM = (Pa1 * H)/3
    X1 = b1 + 0.1 + 0.1
    X2 = b1 + (2 *0.1)/3
    X3 = b/2
    X4 = b1 + 0.1 + 0.2 + b2/2
    RM = W1*X1 + W2*X2 + W3*X3 + W4*X4
    RM1 = RM - OM
    x = RM1/W
    e = b*0.5 - x
    print 'eccentricity is ',e
    Smax = (Wu*(1+(6*e)/b))/b
    Smin = (Wu*(1-(6*e)/b))/b
    print 'Maximum pressure is',Smax
    print 'Minimum pressure is',Smin
    Px = (((Smax-Smin)*(b-b1))/b)+Smin
    Py = (((Smax-Smin)*(b-b2))/b)+Smin
    print 'Pressure at the end of toe section',Px
    print 'Pressure at the end of toe section',Py
    BMtoe = (0.5*(Smax+Px)*b1)*((2*Smax+Px)/(Smax+Px))*(b1/3)-((t*b1*25*1.5)*(b1/2))
    BMheel = ((b2*t*25*1.5)*(b2/2))+((W4*1.5)*(b2/2))-(0.5*(Smin+Py)*b2)*(((2*Py+Smin)/(Py+Smin))*(b2/3))
    print 'Bending moment at toe section is',BMtoe
    print 'Bending moment at heel section is',BMheel

    Recent Innovation & Challenges in Civil Engineering Page 49


    Adoption Of Programming Codes In The Design Of Earth Retaining Wall In Different Backfill

    d1 = t*1000-cc
    Atoe = (0.5*fck*1000*d1)/fy*(1 - math.sqrt(1-((4.6*BMtoe*1000000)/(fck*1000*d1*d1))))
    Aheel = (0.5*fck*1000*d1)/fy*(1 - math.sqrt(1-((4.6*BMheel*1000000)/(fck*1000*d1*d1))))
    print 'Area of steel at toe section is',Atoe
    print 'Area of steel at heel section is',Aheel

    2.2 Output of Retaining wall with dry horizontal backfill

    Figure 2:Output of Retaining wall with dry horizontal backfill

    Figure 2 shows the required depth of foundation, pressures at various sections of the retaining wall and area of
    steel required.

    III. CASE 2: RETAINING WALL WITH FULLY SUBMERGED CONDITION


    Problem 2:
    Total height of retaining wall = 4.4m
    Width of base slab = 2.5m
    Thickness of base slab = 0.4m
    Cantilever projection on toe side = 0.8m
    Cantilever projection on heel side = 1.4m
    Angle of shearing resistance = 30degrees
    Unit weight of soil = 18 kN/m^3
    Soil Bearing Capacity = 150 kN/m^2
    Unit weight of water = 9.81 kN/m^3

    3.1 Program for design of retaining wall structure under fully submerged condition
    import math
    print 'Enter the height of retaining wall'

    Recent Innovation & Challenges in Civil Engineering Page 50


    Adoption Of Programming Codes In The Design Of Earth Retaining Wall In Different Backfill

    H = input()
    print 'Enter width of base slab'
    b = input()
    print 'Enter the thickness of base slab'
    t = input()
    print 'Enter projection on toe side'
    b1 = input()
    print ' Enter angle of shear resistance'
    phi = input()
    print ' Enter unit weight of soil(in kN/cumec)'
    gama = input()
    print ' Enter unit weight of water(in kN/cumec)'
    gama1 = input()
    print ' Enter soil bearing capacity'
    q = input()
    print ' Enter grade of concrete'
    fck = input()
    print ' Enter grade of steel'
    fy = input()
    print ' Enter clear cover'
    cc = input()
    gama2 = gama-gama1
    b2 = b - b1 - 0.1 - 0.2
    ka = (1 - math.sin(math.radians(phi)))/(1 + math.sin(math.radians(phi)))
    Df = (q/gama2) * ka * ka
    print 'Depth of foundation is ',Df
    h=H-t
    Pa = 0.5 * (ka*gama2*h+ka*gama1*h)*h
    Pau = 1.5 * Pa
    Mu = Pau * h/3
    print 'Bending moment due to active earth pressure on retaining wall in kN-m is',Mu
    d = math.sqrt(Mu*1000000/(0.138*fck*1000))
    print 'Effective depth is',d
    Astem = (0.5*fck*1000*d)/fy*(1 - math.sqrt(1-((4.6*Mu*1000000)/(fck*1000*d*d))))
    print 'Area of steel of stem is',Astem
    W1 = 0.2*h*25
    W2 = 0.5*0.1*h*25
    W3 = b*t*25
    W4 = (2.5 - b1 - 0.3)*h*18
    W = W1 + W2 + W3 + W4
    Wu = 1.5*W
    Pa1 = 0.5 * ((ka*gama2*H)+(ka*gama1*H))*H
    Pa1u = 1.5 * Pa1
    OM = (Pa1 * H)/3
    X1 = b1 + 0.1 + 0.1
    X2 = b1 + (2 *0.1)/3
    X3 = b/2
    X4 = b1 + 0.1 + 0.2 + b2/2
    RM = W1*X1 + W2*X2 + W3*X3 + W4*X4
    RM1 = RM - OM
    x = RM1/W
    e = b*0.5 - x
    print 'eccentricity is ',e
    Smax = (Wu*(1+(6*e)/b))/b
    Smin = (Wu*(1-(6*e)/b))/b
    print 'Maximum pressure is',Smax
    print 'Minimum pressure is',Smin
    Px = (((Smax-Smin)*(b-b1))/b)+Smin
    Py = (((Smax-Smin)*(b-b2))/b)+Smin

    Recent Innovation & Challenges in Civil Engineering Page 51


    Adoption Of Programming Codes In The Design Of Earth Retaining Wall In Different Backfill

    print 'Pressure at the end of toe section',Px


    print 'Pressure at the end of toe section',Py
    BMtoe = (0.5*(Smax+Px)*b1)*((2*Smax+Px)/(Smax+Px))*(b1/3)-((t*b1*25*1.5)*(b1/2))
    BMheel = ((b2*t*25*1.5)*(b2/2))+((W4*1.5)*(b2/2))-(0.5*(Smin+Py)*b2)*(((2*Py+Smin)/(Py+Smin))*(b2/3))
    print 'Bending moment at toe section is',BMtoe
    print 'Bending moment at heel section is',BMheel
    d1 = t*1000-cc
    Atoe = (0.5*fck*1000*d1)/fy*(1 - math.sqrt(1-((4.6*BMtoe*1000000)/(fck*1000*d1*d1))))
    Aheel = (0.5*fck*1000*d1)/fy*(1 - math.sqrt(1-((4.6*BMheel*1000000)/(fck*1000*d1*d1))))
    print 'Area of steel at toe section is',Atoe
    print 'Area of steel at heel section is',Aheel
    3.2 Output of Retaining wall with fully submerged condition

    Figure 3: Output of Retaining wall with fully submerged condition

    Figure 3: shows the required depth of foundation, pressures at various sections of the retaining wall and area of
    steel required.

    IV. CONCLUSION
    By adoption of the Python programming language, it is easy to solve complex problems like the design
    of retaining wall in different conditions with accuracy and precisions. Itis a quicker way of solving time taking
    problem. Also the use of a modern software such as python enables the civil engineer to construct the structure
    according to the demands of the clients.

    REFERENCES
    [1]. Research Paper on Python: A Programming Language for Software Integration & Development by M.F.Sanner (The Scripps
    Research Institute, La Jolla)
    [2]. Wikipedia.
    [3]. Retaining wall: A building guide and design by Tina Skinner.
    [4]. Basics of Retaining Wall Design by Huge Brooks and John P Nielsen.
    [5]. Learning Python Design by Gennadiy Zlobin.

    Recent Innovation & Challenges in Civil Engineering Page 52


    Adoption Of Programming Codes In The Design Of Earth Retaining Wall In Different Backfill

    Dr. P.D. HIWASE is currently working as an Assistant Professor in Shri Ramdeobaba


    College of engineering and management.He has a specialization in Structural engineering.
    He has been in the teaching sector since 9 years along with an industrial experience of 4
    years in the field of structural engineering. He has published about 10 journals till date.

    Mr Shashank Bisen is a student of final year (2014-2018) of Shri Ramdeobaba College of


    Engineering and Management. He has been a part of various technical and non-technical
    organizations in and outside the college.

    Mr. Pratik Surana is a student of Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and


    Management of Final Year(2014-2018) Civil branch. He has been a part of various
    technical conferences in the past.

    Recent Innovation & Challenges in Civil Engineering Page 53

    You might also like