CANCER Report
CANCER Report
CANCER Report
Chapter 13
Cancer: Reducing Your Risk
Agenda for Cancer Lecture
Introduction (Etiology, Epidemiology,
Oncologist)
Basic Understanding of Biology (cells)
Define Cancer (Autoimmune Disease)
Risk Factors (profile of our exposures)
Classifications of Cancer
Location of Cancer
Prevention, Detection and Treatment
Introduction
Lung Cancer
Killed 164,000 in 2000
Prevention-researchers theorize: 90% of all lung
cancers could be avoided by not smoking
Gas Exchange in Your Lungs
Lung and Bronchus Cancer
(Invasive), 1975-2002 (CDC)
Lung and Bronchus Cancer for
U.S. Males, 1992-2002
Lung and Bronchus Cancer for
U.S. Females, 1992-2002
Ten Leading Causes of Death
for Males, 2002 (CDC)
Ten Leading Causes of Death
for Females, 2002 (CDC)
An Overview of Cancer
Variations in Rates
Rates have large variations among populations
444.6 per 100,000 African Americans
402.1 per 100,000 Whites
272.4 per 100,000 Hispanics
279.3 per 100,000 Asian Pacific Islanders
152.8 per 100,000 Native Americans
An Overview of Cancer
What is Cancer?
Uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
Neoplasms
Malignant tumors
Benign tumors
An Overview of Cancer
Cellular Change/Mutation Theories
Spontaneous errors
External agents
Oncogenes
Figure 13.1
What Causes Cancer?
Biological Factors
Genetic predisposition
Reproductive and hormonal risks
What Causes Cancer?
Viral Factors
Herpes-related virus and human papillomavirus
Medical Factors
Diethylstibestrol (DES)
Chemotherapy
Table 13.1
Types of Cancer
Breast Cancer
One in 8 women
Risk increases with age
Risk factors supported by research
Prevention (self-exam and mammography)
See figure 13.3 for self-examination procedure
Treatment
Breast Self-Examination
Figure 13.3
Types of Cancer
Colon and Rectum Cancer
3rd most common in men and women
135,400 in 2001 diagnosed
Warning signals, e.g. blood in the stool, rectal
bleeding
Prostate Cancer
Most common in males today
189,000 new cases will be diagnosed in 2002
Estimated 30,200 men will die
Types of Cancer
Skin Cancer: Sun Bathers Beware
1.3 million cases of skin cancer
Treatable: basal or squamous
Virulent: malignant melanoma
ABCD rule about melanoma
Testicular Cancer
Ages 17-34 at greatest risk
Cause is unknown
Undescended testicles present a great risk
How and when should men examine their
testicles?
(see Figure 13.4)
Testicular Self-Examination
Figure 13.4
Types of Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
4th leading cause of death in young women
Enlargement of abdomen common sign
Prevention: annual pelvic exams
Leukemia
Cancer of blood-forming tissues
Leads to the creation of immature white blood
cells
Symptoms: fatigue / paleness / weight loss
Can be acute or chronic
Facing Cancer
Detecting Cancer
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Computerized Axial Tomography scanning (CAT
scan)
Prostatic ultrasound (rectal probe)
Self-exam and check-ups
Table 13.3
Facing Cancer