01-01 System Description

HUAWEI iGateway Bill
User Manual Contents
Contents
1 System Description....................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Product Introduction.......................................................................................................................................1-2
1.1.1 Product Features....................................................................................................................................1-2
1.1.2 Service Functions..................................................................................................................................1-3
1.1.3 Operation and Maintenance Function...................................................................................................1-3
1.2 Hardware Structure.........................................................................................................................................1-4
1.3 Software Architecture.....................................................................................................................................1-7
1.3.1 Key Terminologies................................................................................................................................1-7
1.3.2 Overall Architecture: overall architecture.............................................................................................1-8
1.3.3 Service Processes..................................................................................................................................1-9
1.4 Functional Principles....................................................................................................................................1-11
1.4.1 Key Terminologies..............................................................................................................................1-11
1.4.2 Communication Between Dual Systems.............................................................................................1-11
1.4.3 Communication with MSOFTX3000..................................................................................................1-11
1.4.4 Communication with the Billing Center.............................................................................................1-13
1.4.5 Communication with the NMS and client...........................................................................................1-13
1.5 Main Technical Parameters...........................................................................................................................1-14
1.5.1 System Specifications.........................................................................................................................1-14
1.5.2 Environment Specifications................................................................................................................1-14
1.5.3 Reliability Specifications....................................................................................................................1-15
Issue 07 (2007-10-10) Huawei Technologies Proprietary i

Figures
Figure 1-1 iGWB introduction.............................................................................................................................1-2
Figure 1-2 Cabinet configuration.........................................................................................................................1-5
Figure 1-3 Location and application of the iGWB network adapter (at the back of the IBM server chassis)....1-6
Figure 1-4 Location and application of the iGWB network adapter (at the back of the DELL 2950 server
chassis).................................................................................................................................................................1-6
Figure 1-5 iGWB software architecture architecture...........................................................................................1-9
Figure 1-6 CDR processing flow.......................................................................................................................1-10
Figure 1-7 Communication with the MSOFTX3000.........................................................................................1-12
Issue 07 (2007-10-10) Huawei Technologies Proprietary iii

Tables
Table 1-1 Description to the iGWB server network adapters..............................................................................1-6
Table 1-2 Technical parameters of IBM server..................................................................................................1-14
Table 1-3 Technical parameters of DELL server...............................................................................................1-14
Table 1-4 Environment Specifications...............................................................................................................1-14
Table 1-5 Reliability Specifications...................................................................................................................1-15
Issue 07 (2007-10-10) Huawei Technologies Proprietary v

User Manual System DescriptionSystem Description
1 System Description
About This Chapter
The following table lists the contents of this chapter.
Title Description
1.1 Product Introduction Introduces the features and functions of the iGWB.
1.2 Hardware Structure Introduces the hardware devices of the iGWB.
1.3 Software Architecture Introduces the software architecture of the iGWB.
1.4 Functional Principles Introduces how the iGWB communicates with other
devices and how it processes CDRs.
1.5 Main Technical Parameters Introduces the technical parameters of the iGWB.
Issue 07 (2007-10-10) Huawei Technologies Proprietary 1

System DescriptionSystem Description User Manual
1.1 Product Introduction

The iGateway Bill (iGWB) cooperates with the MSOFTX3000 Switch System, and provides
a large-capacity CDR storage medium and billing interface for the MSOFTX3000.
Figure 1.1 iGWB introduction
LAN: Local Area Network WAN: Wide Area Network NMS: Network Management System
The iGWB is a large-capacity billing gateway developed by Huawei. With advanced software
and hardware techniques, the iGWB provides powerful CDR storage and conversion
capabilities and supports the interconnection with a billing center through File Transfer
Protocol (FTP) or File Transfer Access Management (FTAM) protocol.
1.1.1 Product Features

The iGWB has the following features.
High Reliability
 Dual-system
Because of the special position of the billing system in networking, high reliability of the
iGWB is demanded. To achieve that, the iGWB adopts a dual-system design in both hardware
and software. In addition, the iGWB provides an automatic switchover protection mechanism
between the dual systems to ensure the operation reliability and service continuity.
 Data Redundant Backup
The iGWB adopts RAID5 plus hot spare. The purpose is to ensure that data will not be lost in
the event of a fault occurring to one of the hard disks.
 Network Backup
The iGWB can automatically back up CDR files to another storage devices through WAN or
LAN, to further improve the data security.
 Auto-control
2 Huawei Technologies Proprietary Issue 07 (2007-10-10)

The iGWB can automatically boot up through the monitor module in case of a power failure.
The purpose is to ensure the normal running of the system when unattended.
Multi-Access
The iGWB can receive and process CDRs in various formats simultaneously, store them in the
channel of the backsave folder separately, and provide them to the billing center.
Flexible CDR Format Conversion

The billing system of telecom carriers might have special requirements for CDR format. For
example, they might need the iGWB to convert an original CDR in a binary format to a final
CDR in another format such as text format or Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) format
and abstract particular fields from an original CDR to generate a new CDR for the billing
center. The iGWB provides flexible CDR format configuration and conversion functions to
meet the diversified requirements of telecom carriers.
Large Capacity
The hard disks configured in the iGWB provide a sufficient valid capacity to store the CDRs
that are generated by the MSOFTX3000 in at least seven days in the case of maximum
subscriber quantity. In addition, the iGWB is scalable in hard disk capacity.
1.1.2 Service Functions

Service functions include the following contents.
CDR Processing Function

The iGWB system sorts the original CDRs as required. The different types of CDRs can be
sorted to different storage directories in accordance with the pre-defined sorting conditions,
for example, sorting by CDR type.
Flexible Billing Interface

The iGWB system can communicate with the billing center through FTP or FTAM. The
iGWB system supports configuring CDR file name, file size, and file generation time. The
iGWB system supports flexibly converting CDR format.
Optimized Alarming Function

The iGWB system provides a variety of alarms, such as “Insufficient Disk Space” alarm,
“Write File Failure” alarm, “Cluster Switchover” alarm, “BS Not Fetch CDRs for a Long
Time” alarm, and “heartbeat interruption” alarm.
Backup CDR Over Network

The iGWB system can back up the CDRs in real time to another computer over the network.
The purpose is to improve the security of the data.
1.1.3 Operation and Maintenance Function

The iGWB provides the following operation and maintenance functions.

User Management Functions

The system provides functions to add and delete an operator account, and modify and query
operator information.
Software Management Functions

The system provides functions to query information about the software version of the iGWB
server and the client.
CDR Storage Setting Functions

What can be set includes storage paths for original CDRs and final CDRs, size of a final CDR
file, generation duration of a final CDR file, and buffer expiration of CDRs.
Routine Maintenance Functions

 Log management function
The system provides log browse and query functions. Log of a specified user in specified time
can be queried. The system log can be queried.
 CDR browse and query function
CDRs can be queried according to CDR type, date, subscriber number, and conversation
duration.
 Performance monitor function
The system supports monitoring the memory space, hard disk space, and heartbeat state in
real time.
 Debugging function
The running status of the system can be displayed in real time.
 Protocol trace function
The system provides functions to trace message flow inside the system and message flow
between the iGWB and the MSOFTX3000.
 Parameter configuration
The system provides the GUIs to modify the system configuration parameters remote and
improve the maintainability.
1.2 Hardware Structure

In the MSOFTX3000, the iGWB and the MSOFTX3000 basic service processing frame are
configured in the same cabinet (integrated configuration cabinet). The related hardware
components include active and standby iGWB servers, core LAN Switches, and an Keyboard
& Video & Mouse & Switcher (KVMS), as shown in Figure 1-2.

Figure 1.1 Cabinet configuration
(1) Power distribution frame (2) Service processing frame

(3) Integrated converter (4) LAN Switch1
(5) LAN Switch0 (6) BAM
(7) Standby iGWB (8) Active iGWB
iGWB Server
The iGWB server is the core device of the iGWB system and adopts a dual-system design.
Currently, you can use the following servers:
 Two IBM x3650T servers
 Or two DELL 2950 servers
Each server provides four network adapters: two for communication with the MSOFTX3000,
one for the billing center, and one for the NMS.
Because the servers are updated periodically, the server type may be different the delivered one. Please
refer to the delivered one.
 When the IBM x3650 server is used, the location and application of the network adapter
in the iGWB server is shown in Figure 1-3.

Figure 1.1 Location and application of the iGWB network adapter (at the back of the IBM server
chassis)
To BC (#3 Network
To #1 LAN Switch interface)
(#2 Network interface)
To MT and NMS To #0 LAN Switch

(#0 Network interface) (#1 Network interface)
 When the DELL 2950 server is used, the location and application of the network adapter
in the iGWB server is shown in Figure 1-4.
Figure 1.2 Location and application of the iGWB network adapter (at the back of the DELL 2950
server chassis)
to the #1 LAN switch to the billing center
to the LMT and the NMS to the #0 LAN switch
For the convenient of description, the four network adapters are numbered as shown in
Table 1-1.
Table 2.1 Description to the iGWB server network adapters

No. ID Function
0 Network adapter0 To connect the NMS and client.

to Office LAN
1 Network adapter1 To connect the 0# LAN Switch and the active plane of the
to 0#LAN Switch MSOFTX3000.
2 Network adapter2 To connect the 0# LAN Switch and the standby plane of
to 1#LAN Switch the MSOFTX3000
Used as the first heartbeat path of the iGWB dual systems.

No. ID Function
3 Network adapter3 To connect to the billing center.

to Billing Center
KVMS
The active iGWB, the standby iGWB, and a Back Administration Module (BAM) are
configured in the integrated configuration cabinet. An KVMS is thus configured in the
cabinet, used to achieve operation control and switch of input and output devices, such as
liquid crystal display (LCD), keyboard, and mouse.
LAN Switch
LAN Switch is the communication channel between the iGWB and the MSOFTX3000.
Generally, Huawei’s Quidway series products are selected for this purpose. Two LAN
Switches are configured in the integrated configuration cabinet.
Power Supply
The power distribution box in the integrated management cabinet supplies power for the
iGWB. The nominal voltage is –48 V DC.
Client
The iCG9815 uses the concepts of server and client. Typically, you need to install a PC where
the iCG9815 Client resides in the equipment room. This PC works as a local client. You also
need to install such a PC in the NMS center as the remote client.
1.3 Software Architecture

This section introduces the key terminologies, overall architecture and service process of the
iGWB.
1.3.1 Key Terminologies

This section introduces the key terminologies of the iGWB. Correct understanding of the key
terminologies will facilitate the use and maintenance of the iGWB.
Access Point
To access two or more same or different switches, “access point” is used in the design of the
iGWB. Based on the parameter configuration and operation maintenance, one access point is
associated with one ap_proc process. This process realizes the modules that communicate
with the switches and the modules that store and transform the CDRs.

Channel
Channel is a logical concept. A channel refers to the CDR processing modes and storage
directories that match a certain sorting condition. Simply speaking, one channel is associated
with one CDR storage path.
Original CDR
The original CDRs refer to the unprocessed CDRs that the iGWB receives from the switches.
The original CDRs are saved in files with a fixed size of 3MB for each in the iGWB disk.
These files are called original CDR files.
The original CDRs are generally stored in d:\frontsave in the iGWB server. This path is called
the frontsave folder.
Final CDR
The CDRs that have been preprocessed (sorting and format conversion) by the iGWB are
called final CDRs. The final CDRs can be saved as fixed-size or fixed-interval files. These
files are called final CDRs.
The final CDRs are generally stored in e:\backsave in the iGWB server. This path is called the
backsave folder.
Format Library
The format library is the core that the iGWB transforms the CDRs. It is associated with one
format conversion module (dynamic link library) and a series of format configuration files.
The format library is designed to make the CDR format dynamically configurable, but not
hard-coded.
Active/Standby
Active/standby is a pair of basic concepts for a cluster system. In a cluster system, if a node
provides external services, its state is called “active”. If a node currently does not provide
external services, its state is called “standby”.
Primary/Secondary
Primary/Secondary is a basic concept for a cluster system. In a cluster system, two nodes may
be peered or not peered. If they are not peered, then they can be defined as primary or
secondary. In this case, one node will be set with highest priority. If this node runs normally, it
has the priority to control the resources of the cluster system.
Resources
The physical equipment and logical equipment that are shared by the nodes of the cluster
system are called “resources”, such as shared storage media, and virtual IP address.
1.3.2 Overall Architecture: overall architecture

Overall, the iGWB is a client/server system with multi-processes and multi-threads.
Based on independent services, the iGWB software is set with the thread modules. Then the
thread modules with most related service functions are combined into one process. So the

entire software forms a multi-process and multi-thread architecture. For the communication
modes between processes, the iGWB adopts the client/server mode (currently, this is the most
mature application mode). Specially, the iGWB has one process as the core process with other
processes as sub-processes so that one process can schedule and monitor the sub-processes of
other services.
The overall software architecture of the iGWB is shown in Figure 1-5.
Figure 1.1 iGWB software architecture architecture
Dual-system
process
Access Point Kernel

MSOFTX3000 OM Process iGWB Clinet
Process Process
Parameter
Configuration
iGWB Server Process
1.3.3 Service Processes

As shown in Figure 1-5, shows that the iCG9815 server consists of five processes:
 Kernel process
 Access point process
 Operation and maintenance process
 Cluster process
 Configuration process
Each process consists of various separate service process modules.
Except the configuration process, other four processes all contain the following two modules:
 Management module
It carries out the management and dispatch functions of other modules.
 Message forwarding module
It controls the intra- and inter-process communication and message forwarding.
Kernel Process (knl_proc)

The kernel process is the core of the whole software. It acts as the Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) server for the other processes. It is responsible for
starting, stopping, and monitoring the access point process and the operation and maintenance
process. This process is composed of a message relay module, a management module, a dual-
system monitor module and a dual-system interface module.

Access Point Process (ap_proc)

The access point process incorporates the main service functions of the iGWB, including
CDR reception, CDR processing, and CDR storage. The service functions are integrated to be
a network module, a front disk module, a CDR processing module, and a back disk module.
The four modules constitute a CDR processing flow, in which the service logic is uni-
directional and can be cut down, as shown in Figure 1-6. (The arrows stand for the flow
directions of the CDR data.)
Figure 1.1 CDR processing flow

iGWB
MSOFTX3000 Bill Processing Flow
Generates Receives Bill and Uses a Particular

and Protocol to Ensure Bill Transmission
Transmits Against Repetition or Loss
Bills Network Module
Saves the Bills Received by Network

Module to Form Original Bills
Frontsave Module
Combines and Sorts Bills as Required,

and Transmits Bills to Backsave
Module
Bill Processing Module
Bill Center
Saves Bills by Channel to Form Final

Bills and Provides Bills to Bill Center FTP/FTAM Charge on
CDRs
Backsave Module
Operation and Maintenance Process (om_proc)

The operation and maintenance process integrates the operability and maintainability
functions of the iGWB. In terms of functionality, the incorporated service modules include a
log module, a backup module, a CDR browse and query module, a man-machine language
(MML) server module, a performance module, and an alarm module. The modules are
relatively independent of each other.
Dual-System Process (cls_proc)

This process is used to start and manage the kernel process. It manages and synchronizes the
two systems of the iGWB. It has the following functions:
 To monitor the status of the active and standby systems of the iGWB.
 To provide the virtual IP addresses for the iGWB dual systems.

Parameter Configuration Process (cfg_proc)

The parameter configuration process is the parameter configuration module of the iGWB. The
iGWB provides the remote parameter configuration function via the graphic user interface
(GUI) of the parameter configuration console.
1.4 Functional Principles

This section is about the functional principles of the iGWB.
1.4.1 Key Terminologies

This section is about the key terminologies of the iGWB functional principle.
igwb.ini Configuration File

It is the system configuration file of the iGWB. The file is in c:\iGWB\config\ini\igwb.ini of
the iGWB server by default. Through configuring igwb.ini and format library, the iGWB can
be applied to various environments flexibly.
Virtual IP Address
The virtual IP address keeps the connection between the iGWB dual systems and the
MSOFTX3000 and the iGWB operation and maintenance system in case of the switchover of
the dual systems. The virtual IP address of the iGWB is configured through the igwb.ini file.
If you use the single system, you do not need to configure the virtual IP address, and the IP
address of the network adapter is enough.
1.4.2 Communication Between Dual Systems

The active and standby iGWB servers are configured with the heartbeat path, through which,
 The handshake information between the active and standby iGWB servers is interacted.
 One server can know the status of the other.
 The statuses, such as CDR serial number, frontsave and backsave folders, are
synchronized.
 The active and standby iGWB servers monitor the status of each other in real time. If
there is any exception, they can be switched over.
The iGWB is configured with two heartbeat paths. One connects the network adapters of the
active and standby iGWB servers, and the other connects the serial ports of the two servers.
One path is the backup path for the other. When one path is disconnected, the other one is
used.
1.4.3 Communication with MSOFTX3000

This section is about how the iGWB receives and processes the CDR files sent by the
MSOFTX3000.

Acquiring CDRs from the MSOFTX3000

The iGWB receives CDR files from the MSOFTX3000 through the core LAN Switch and the
sliding window protocol, as shown in Figure 1-7.
Figure 1.1 Communication with the MSOFTX3000
FE FE To BC
Frame 0
FE iGWB0
To BC
3×FE
0# LAN Switch
Frame 1
1# LAN Switch iGWB1
Frame 2 Core LAN Switch iGWB

L A N S w it c h
To NM S
Frame 9
LMT LMT LMT
MSOFTX3000
FE: Fast (100 Mb) Ethernet Interface LAN Switch: Local Ethernet switch
LMT: Local maintenance terminal -
The following introduces the flow of sending CDRs by the MSOFTX3000 from three phases:
 In the MSOFTX3000 host
The flow of transferring CDRs is triggered by the internal timer of the MSOFTX3000.
The MSOFTX3000 monitors the bill pool. If there is a CDR in the bill pool, the
MSOFTX3000 sends it to the iGWB immediately. The timer is set to millisecond, so the
CDRs are sent in real time.
To transfer the CDRs normally, active channel and emergency channel are designed in
the MSOFTX3000 host. There are two channels for CDR transfer between the Calling
Control Unit (CCU) and the iGWB in each frame.
− Active channel: The CCU sends CDRs to the core LAN Switch directly through the
System Management Unit (SMU).
− Emergency channel: When an error occurs to the TCP connection between the SMUI
and the iGWB, the CCU selects a channel from the frame where it locates to a normal

frame, and sends CDRs to the SMUI of the normal frame. The SMUI of the normal
frame then sends the CDRs to the core LAN Switch.
 In the core LAN Switch
Two LAN Switches forms the active and standby planes of the core LAN Switch.
− The 0# core LAN Switch sends CDR files to network adapter 1 of the active and
standby iGWB servers, to form the active plane CDR transfer channel.
− The 1# core LAN Switch sends CDR files to network adapter 2 of the active and
standby iGWB servers, to form the Standby plane CDR transfer channel, which also
serves as the first heartbeat path of the two servers.
− Two core LAN Switch communicates with each through cascade cables.
 Between the dual systems
− Network adapter 1 of the active and standby iGWB servers receives CDRs from the
active plane CDR transfer channel through a virtual IP address.
− Network adapter 2 of the active and standby iGWB servers receives CDRs from the
standby plane CDR transfer channel through a virtual IP address.
Principle of Sorting CDRs

The iGWB discards the transfer overhead of the CDRs from the MSOFTX3000, consolidates
them and then stores in D:\frontsave\X3KM. These CDRs are called original CDRs. X3KM is
the access name, determined by the value of APName in the configuration file igwb.ini.
The iGWB sorts the CDR files in the frontsave folder and converts them into the required
CDRs according to the sort and conversion conditions. This process is called CDR sort and
conversion. The sorted and converted CDRs are called final CDRs.
The CDRs are sorted according to the format library. The format library is in
C:\iGWB\Config\Format. All the selectable format libraries are in
C:\iGWB\Config\SpecialFormat.
Before the backsave folder is generated, the iGWB generates a temporary folder to save the
CDRs, and then generates the official CDR file according to the trigger conditions (file size or
interval) configured in igwb.ini.
1.4.4 Communication with the Billing Center

The iGWB communicates with the billing center through network adapter 3. The billing
center collects CDRs through the FTP or FTAM protocol.
Generally, the billing center accesses to the active and standby iGWB servers at the same
time. Each of the active and standby iGWB servers provides an IP address respectively.
1.4.5 Communication with the NMS and client

The network adapter 0 or the active and standby iGWB servers connects to the NMS and
client, and communicates through MML.
The network adapter 0 or the active and standby iGWB servers should be set with a virtual IP
address. The virtual IP address should be in the same network with the IP addresses of the
NMS and client.

1.5 Main Technical Parameters

This section introduces the main technical parameters of the iGWB, including system
specifications, environment specifications and reliability specifications.
1.5.1 System Specifications

IBM Server
Table 1.1 Technical parameters of IBM server

Item Specification
Valid hard disk capacity 300 GB

CDR processing capability 2 300 CDRs/s
Cabinet dimensions (width x depth x height) 600 mm×800 mm×2 200 mm
Server weight 42 kg
Server power consumption Maximum: 835 W
DELL Server
Table 1.1 Technical parameters of DELL server

Item Specification
Valid hard disk capacity 438 GB

CDR processing capability 2 300 CDRs/s
Cabinet dimensions (width x depth x height) 600 mm×800 mm×2 200 mm
Server weight 42 kg
Server power consumption Maximum: 835 W
1.5.2 Environment Specifications

Table 1.2 Environment Specifications
Item Specification
Power supply Nominal voltage -48 V

Allowed range -52V to +40V
Operating temperature Long-term operation 0°C to 45°C
Short-term operation 5°C to +55°C

1.5.3 Reliability Specifications

Table 1.3 Reliability Specifications
Item Specification
System availability (A) ≥ 99.999%

Mean time between failures (MTBF) ≥ 45 years
Mean time to repair (MTTR) ≤ 1 hour (exclusive of preparation time)

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HUAWEI iGateway Bill

User Manual Contents

Issue 07 (2007-10-10) Huawei Technologies Proprietary i

Figure 1-1 iGWB introduction.............................................................................................................................1-2

Figure 1-2 Cabinet configuration.........................................................................................................................1-5

Figure 1-5 iGWB software architecture architecture...........................................................................................1-9

Figure 1-6 CDR processing flow.......................................................................................................................1-10

Figure 1-7 Communication with the MSOFTX3000.........................................................................................1-12

Issue 07 (2007-10-10) Huawei Technologies Proprietary iii

Table 1-1 Description to the iGWB server network adapters..............................................................................1-6

Table 1-2 Technical parameters of IBM server..................................................................................................1-14

Table 1-3 Technical parameters of DELL server...............................................................................................1-14

Table 1-4 Environment Specifications...............................................................................................................1-14

Table 1-5 Reliability Specifications...................................................................................................................1-15

Issue 07 (2007-10-10) Huawei Technologies Proprietary v

About This Chapter

The following table lists the contents of this chapter.

Issue 07 (2007-10-10) Huawei Technologies Proprietary 1

1.1 Product Introduction

Figure 1.1 iGWB introduction

1.1.1 Product Features

2 Huawei Technologies Proprietary Issue 07 (2007-10-10)

Flexible CDR Format Conversion

1.1.2 Service Functions

CDR Processing Function

Flexible Billing Interface

Optimized Alarming Function

Backup CDR Over Network

1.1.3 Operation and Maintenance Function

Issue 07 (2007-10-10) Huawei Technologies Proprietary 3

User Management Functions

Software Management Functions

CDR Storage Setting Functions

Routine Maintenance Functions

1.2 Hardware Structure

4 Huawei Technologies Proprietary Issue 07 (2007-10-10)

Figure 1.1 Cabinet configuration

(1) Power distribution frame (2) Service processing frame

Issue 07 (2007-10-10) Huawei Technologies Proprietary 5

To MT and NMS To #0 LAN Switch

to the #1 LAN switch to the billing center

to the LMT and the NMS to the #0 LAN switch

Table 2.1 Description to the iGWB server network adapters

0 Network adapter0 To connect the NMS and client.

6 Huawei Technologies Proprietary Issue 07 (2007-10-10)

3 Network adapter3 To connect to the billing center.

1.3 Software Architecture

1.3.1 Key Terminologies

Issue 07 (2007-10-10) Huawei Technologies Proprietary 7

1.3.2 Overall Architecture: overall architecture

8 Huawei Technologies Proprietary Issue 07 (2007-10-10)

Figure 1.1 iGWB software architecture architecture

Access Point Kernel

1.3.3 Service Processes

Kernel Process (knl_proc)

Issue 07 (2007-10-10) Huawei Technologies Proprietary 9

Access Point Process (ap_proc)

Figure 1.1 CDR processing flow

MSOFTX3000 Bill Processing Flow