Earthworks Specs JKR 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION B: EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS
PAGE
1. General B/1
2. Site Clearing, Grubbing And Stripping Topsoil B/1
3. Demolition Of Existing Structures B/2
4. Relocation Of Existing Utilities And Services B/2
5. Excavation Works B/2
TABLE B1 : Grading Limits Of Materials For Replacement

Of Excavated Material B/6
6. Filling Works B/8
TABLE B2 : Frequency Of Control Test For Earth

Embankment B/11
7. Protection And Maintenance For Erosion Control B/13
@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
SECTION B : EXCAVATION AND
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
Tarikh : 29 Januari 2014
JKR MALAYSIA Muka Surat : B/1
1. General
1.1 This work shall consist of all the required excavation within the limits of the Works. It
shall include the removal and proper utilization and hauling, or disposal of all
excavated materials, and constructing, shaping and finishing of all earthworks over
the entire extent of the Works, in conformity with the Drawings and these
Specifications.
1.2 The excavation and earthworks shall be executed in such a manner and order as
approved by the S.O. The Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with by-
laws and regulations relating to earthworks.
1.3 Excavation in rock and/or hard material shall respectively be measured and paid for
as extra over to excavation and earthworks in accordance with the Provisional B.Q.
The Contractor shall give reasonable notice to the S.O. to examine, classify the
excavation and to take measurement prior to breaking up.
1.4 For contract based on Specifications and Drawings, unless otherwise provided in
the Contract, for the purpose of pricing the excavation and earthworks, the whole
excavation shall be assumed to be without rock and/or hard material as defined
hereunder.
1.5 For contract based on Quantities, the pricing shall be in accordance with the B.Q.
1.6 Computation of volume of rock excavation for payment shall be based on nett
volume excavated as shown on the Drawings.
1.7 The Contractor shall comply with all statutory requirements and regulations such as
payment of royalties and environmental protection for removal of unsuitable material
and borrow materials.
2. Site Clearing, Grubbing And Stripping Topsoil
2.1 This work shall consist of clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil in the areas within
the limits of Works designated hereunder and/or shown on the Drawings and/or
directed by the S.O., and of clearing only in other areas designated hereunder
and/or shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O., all as specified herein
and as required by the S.O. The work shall also include the demolition and disposal
of structures in the said areas, except where otherwise provided for in the Contract,
as specified herein and as required by the S.O.
2.1.1 Site clearing
Clearing shall consist of cutting and/or taking down, removal and disposal
of everything above ground level, including objects such as walls, fences,
drains and other obstructions, except such trees, vegetation, structures or
parts of structures and other things which are designated in the Contract to
remain, to be protect as satisfied under SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND
TURFING WORKS. The material to be cleared shall include but not
necessarily be limited to trees, stumps (parts above ground), logs,
brushwood, undergrowth, long grasses, crops, loose vegetable matter and
structures (except those structures whose removal or clearance is
otherwise provided for in the Contract). Clearing shall also include levelling
of obsolete dikes, terraces, ditches, et cetera, unless otherwise directed by
the S.O.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
2.1.2 Grubbing
Grubbing shall consist of removal and disposal of surface vegetation, bases

of stumps, roots, underground parts of structures, and other obstructions to
a depth of at least 0.50 m below ground level, with the agreement of the
S.O.
2.1.3 Stripping topsoil
Stripping topsoil shall consist of the removal of topsoil to an average depth

of at least 100 mm below ground level, and its stockpiling for use in the
Works, and/or its disposal, as directed by the S.O.
2.1.4 Disposal
All materials resulting from site clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil shall
be removed and disposed of as approved by the S.O. in accordance with
Environmental Quality Act 1974(Act 127) and Solid Waste and Public
Cleansing Management Act 2007 (Act 672).
3. Demolition Of Existing Structures
3.1 Major structures are those which cannot practicably be cleared by bulldozer and/or
hydraulic excavator, whose demolition requires pneumatic tools, explosives and/or
other specialized equipment. A brief description of each major structure (if any) and
depth to which extent it shall be demolished is given in the B.Q.
3.2 All fences, buildings, structures, and encumbrances of any character within the
limits of the limits of the Works, except those to be removed by others or designated
to remain, shall be demolished and removed by the Contractor.
3.3 Materials designated in the Contract or directed by the S.O. to be salvaged, shall be
carefully removed and stored, and shall be the property of the Government.
4. Relocation Of Existing Utilities And Services
4.1 The Contractor's attention is specially drawn to his responsibilities under the Clause
headed ‘Damage to Property' of the Condition of Contract.
4.2 Before commencing on any excavation, the Contractor or his representative shall
accompany the S.O. on a site inspection to identify the presence of underground
cables, water or other service pipes at or in the vicinity of such excavation.
Thereafter, the Contractor shall carry out the excavation work in a manner and
sequence as approved by the S.O.
4.3 If during excavation, the Contractor's workmen uncover any cables, water or other
service pipes, work shall be stopped immediately and shall not be again started until
the matter has been reported to the S.O. who will notify the appropriate local
authority, and subsequently issue whatever directions he deemed appropriate.
5. Excavation Works
5.1 General Requirements
5.1.1 The work shall include the excavation of all types of material, backfilling,
compaction, forming embankments and slopes, et cetera, as is necessary

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
for the completion of the works up to the formation levels, in accordance

with the lines, grades, dimensions, shapes and typical cross-sections
shown on the Drawings and to the approval of the S.O.
5.1.2 The Contractor shall provide where necessary temporary water courses,
ditches, drains, pumping or other means of maintaining the earthworks free
from water. Such provision shall include carrying out the work of forming
the cuttings and embankments in such a manner that their surfaces have
at all times a sufficient gradient to enable them to shed water and prevent
water ponding.
5.1.3 In pumping water out from excavation and in the lowering of water table
the Contractor shall pay due regard to the stability and settlement of all
structures.
5.1.4 Adequate means for trapping silt shall be provided on all temporary
drainage systems. Similar arrangements shall be made for all earthworks
including excavation whether for pile trenches, foundations or cuttings.
5.1.5 Should the surface of completed areas be damaged by erosion or by any

other causes, the Contractor shall at his own cost make good such areas
to the approval of the S.O.
5.1.6 The Contractor shall exercise care in preventing wastage of suitable

material needed for embankment or fill construction.
5.2 Definitions
5.2.1 Formation level
Formation level means the final earthwork level after cutting or filling.
5.2.2 Common excavation
Common excavation shall mean excavation in any materials which are not
rock or hard materials as defined in sub-sections 5.2.5 and 5.2.6.
5.2.3 Unsuitable materials
5.2.3.1 Unsuitable materials shall include:
(i) Running silt, peat, logs, stumps, roots, grass and other
vegetable matter, perishable or toxic material, slurry or
mud; or
(ii) Organic clay and organic silt; or
(iii) Any material
a) which is susceptible to spontaneous combustion; or

b) which is clay having a liquid limit exceeding 80%
and/or a plasticity index exceeding 55%; or
c) which has a loss of weight greater than 2.5% on
ignition.
5.2.3.2 Materials that are soft or unstable merely because they are too
wet or too dry for effective compaction shall not to be classified
as unsuitable, unless otherwise classified by the S.O.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
5.2.4 Suitable materials
5.2.4.1 Suitable materials shall mean those materials other than the
unsuitable materials defined in sub-section 5.2.3.
5.2.4.2 General fill shall generally comprise of suitable materials made up

of either cohesive soil or cohesion less soil or mixture of both.
The classification of cohesive and cohesion less soil shall be
based on Soil Classification System set out in the latest MS 1056:
Site Investigation.
5.2.4.3 Special fill shall comprise of material, which would otherwise be

classified as general fill but which contains durable well-graded
natural sand and gravel or crushed rock, other than argillaceous
rock, or durable clean crushed demolition rubble of similar particle
size and free from any contaminants.
5.2.5 Hard material
5.2.5.1 This shall mean any hard material which can be excavated using
an excavator with minimum weight of 44 tonnes and nett
horsepower rating of 321 brake horsepower with production rate
not exceeding 50 m3 / hour. The excavator unit is to be in good
condition and operated by experienced personnel.
5.2.5.2 Hard material shall exclude individual masses less than 0.5 m3.
5.2.5.3 Trial excavation shall be carried out using the above equipment to
determine hard material. The trial excavation shall be carried out
on a flat platform in order to develop the rated horsepower at
maximum efficiency.
5.2.6 Rock
5.2.6.1 Rock shall mean material found in ledges or masses which can
be excavated using the following equipment with production rate
not exceeding 20 m3 / hour:
(i) Track-type tractor (dozer)
Equipment with minimum weight of 37 tonnes and nett

horsepower rating of 305 brake horsepower or more (D8R or
equivalent). The tractor unit is to be in good condition and
operated by experienced personnel skilled in the use of
ripping equipment; and
(ii) Ripping unit
The ripper to be attached to the above mentioned tractor

shall have a minimum penetration force of 120 kN. The
ripper shall have a single shank in good working condition
with sharpened cutting point.
5.2.6.2 Trial excavation shall be carried out using the above equipment to
determine rock.
5.2.6.3 Boulders or detached pieces shall only be regarded as rock if

they individually exceed 0.5 m3. For determination of the volume
of individual boulder, diameters of the boulder in three (3)
orthogonal directions shall be taken. The average of the three (3)
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
diameters shall be used to calculate the volume of boulder.

Records of measurements and photographs shall be taken and
kept to support the calculation of the volume of boulder.
5.3 Dimensional Tolerances
Slopes in cutting shall be trimmed mechanically to neat and even surfaces which
shall have gradients not steeper than that shown on the Drawings. Widths of
excavations shall not exceed the dimensions shown on the Drawings by more than
300 mm with encumbrance free to complete the Work, unless otherwise approved
by the S.O.
5.4 Separation And Stockpiling Of Suitable Material
Where excavation reveals a combination of suitable and unsuitable materials, the

Contractor shall, wherever the S.O. considers it practicable, carry out the excavation
in such a manner that the suitable materials are excavated separately for use in the
Works without contamination by the unsuitable materials.
5.5 Removal Of Excavated Material From Site
5.5.1 Trial pit shall be carried out prior to removal of material to be excavated to
confirm water table and depth of excavation.
5.5.2 No excavated material shall be removed from the Site except on the
direction or with the approval of the S.O. Should the Contractor be permitted
to remove suitable materials from the Site to suit his operational procedure,
then he shall make good any consequent deficit of fill material arising there
from, at his own expense. Unless designated dump sites have been shown
on the Drawings, the Contractor shall dispose of surplus suitable material at
his own dump areas outside the Site as approved by the S.O.
5.6 Removal Of Unsuitable Material
5.6.1 Trial pit shall be carried out prior to removal of material to be excavated to
confirm water table and depth of excavation.
5.6.2 Unsuitable material shall be excavated to such depth and over such area
as shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O. and be transported
and disposed off in an approved manner. Unless approval of the S.O. to
dump and spread the unsuitable material within the Site is obtained, the
Contractor shall be responsible for providing his own dump site for such
unsuitable material.
5.7 Replacement Of Excavated Material Under Standing Water
Where it is decided by the S.O. that replacement of excavated material shall be

done under standing water, voids created due to removal of excavated material
shall be backfilled with hard clean crushed rock, natural gravel or sand having
grading within the respective limits specified in TABLE B1.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
TABLE B1: GRADING LIMITS OF MATERIALS FOR REPLACEMENT OF EXCAVATED

MATERIAL
B.S. Sieve Size % Passing By Weight

Crushed Rock or Gravel
63.0 mm 100
37.5 mm 85 – 100
20.0 mm 0 – 20
10.0 mm 0–5
Sand
10.0 mm 100
5.0 mm 90 – 100
1.18 mm 45 – 80
300 µm 10 – 30
150 µm 2 - 10
5.8 Sides Of Excavation
The Contractor shall ensure that at all times, the sides of the excavation are
maintained in a safe and stable condition, and shall be responsible for the adequate
provision of all shoring and strutting including sheet piling required for this purpose.
All temporary works shall comply with the requirements of BS 5975.
5.9 Widening Cuts
5.9.1 The S.O. may instruct the Contractor or the Contractor himself may elect to
obtain material for the Works by widening cuts. In the latter case, the
Contractor shall first request permission in writing from the S.O.
5.9.2 Widening of cuts shall not be permitted beyond the limits of the road
reserve.
5.9.3 Any additional costs and time incurred that resulted from widening cuts shall
be borne by the Contractor.
5.10 Excavation Of Rock
5.10.1 Rock excavation shall be carried out by methods appropriate to site

requirements as approved by the S.O. As far as is practicable the
Contractor shall not use blasting methods for excavations.
5.10.2 Where the excavation is too hard to be performed by digging, dozing,

scraping, ripping, splitting, breaking, jack picking or other such methods, the
Contractor may make a written request to the S.O. for permission to blast.
Such permission will be granted only if the S.O. is satisfied that all
reasonable measures have been tried to carry out the excavation by
methods other than blasting.
5.10.3 Where explosives are used, the Contractor shall provide a method
statement and shall comply fully with requirements of these Specifications,
or any direction, order, requirement or instruction given by the PDRM or any
other authority competent to do so under any written law.
5.10.4 All material from rock excavations shall be used as far as is practicable in
the Works.
5.10.5 Where the rock is of satisfactory quality, the Contractor may elect to crush
and screen it to produce aggregates required for concrete, road base, sub-
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
base, or other purposes with the prior approval of the S.O. Excavated rock
needed for earthwork construction which the Contractor elects so to use for
producing aggregate materials shall be replaced at the Contractor's own
expense by borrow materials of satisfactory quality from alternative
locations approved by the S.O.
5.10.6 Otherwise, excavated rock shall be used in the construction of embankment

and fill, to the fullest practical extent, in either of the two (2) following ways:
(i) Excavated rock shall be broken down to a maximum particle size of

300 mm and used as rock fill as described in sub-section 5.2.6;
(ii) Excavated rock shall be broken down to a maximum particle size of

150 mm, blended with suitable earth fill material in a proportion not
exceeding 1 rock to 1 earth, and used as common fill.
5.10.7 The Contractor may only waste excavated rock with the approval of the
S.O. Excavated rock needed for earthwork construction which the
Contractor elects to waste shall be replaced at the Contractor's own
expense by borrow materials of satisfactory quality from alternative
locations approved by the S.O.
5.11 Storage And Handling Of Explosives
Proper buildings or magazines, with separate compartments for detonators, in

suitable positions for the storage of explosives in manner and quantities to be
approved shall be provided in compliance with all authorities’ requirements. The
prevention of any unauthorised issue or improper use of any explosive brought on
the Works shall be the responsibility of the Contractor and only experienced and
qualified personnel shall be employed to handle explosives for the purpose of the
Works.
5.12 Blasting
5.12.1 Explosives shall be used in the quantities and manner recommended by the
manufacturers and blasting specialist. Blasting shall be restricted to such
periods as the S.O. may prescribe and to comply with all authorities
requirement. If, in the opinion of the S.O., blasting would be dangerous to
persons or properties or to any finished work, or is being carried on in a
reckless manner, he may prohibit it, and order the rock to be excavated by
other means. The use of explosives in large blasts, that is exceeding 9 kg of
explosive, as in seams, drifts, shafts, pits, or large holes, is prohibited
unless authorised in writing by the S.O. Such authorisation shall not in any
way relieve the Contractor of his liabilities under the Conditions of Contract.
5.12.2 All necessary precautions shall be taken to preserve the materials below
and beyond the lines of all excavations in the soundest possible condition.
Delayed blasting to reduce shock waves shall be used to avoid damage to
concrete and other works already completed. As the excavation approaches
its final lines, blasting with pre-splitting technique of approved drill hole
spacing shall be carried out to reduce blast damage and create reasonably
even finished surface by means of parallel drill holes perpendicular to the
toe of the excavation and parallel to the finally required face.
5.13 Safety Measures
5.13.1 When blasting is carried out close to properties or roads, safety rules
complying to authorities’ requirements shall be strictly adhered to. Where
necessary or as directed by the S.O., heavy mesh blasting mats shall be
used to ensure that no damage is caused to persons or properties on or off
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
Site. Special care shall be taken in wet ground to ensure that individual
explosions are reduced to such size as to preclude damage to any buildings
or structures. Plaster shooting will not be permitted within 400 m of any
building or structure. If traffic on any road or railway has to be interrupted for
blasting operations, the Contractor shall obtain approval of his schedule for
such interruption from the appropriate authorities and shall prove to the S.O.
that he has obtained it, prior to the interruption.
5.13.2 When blasting is carried out with close proximity to sensitive structures and
environmental sensitive areas, thresholds and criteria of vibration impact
shall be established for monitoring purpose.
5.14 Insecure Material
The cut slopes shall be cleared of all rock fragments which move when pried with a
crow-bar. The Contractor shall excavate any insecure material to an approved depth
and build up the resulting spaces with Grade 15P/20 concrete or masonry using
rock similar to the adjoining natural rock so as to ensure a solid face.
6. Filling Works
6.1 Material
6.1.1 Fill materials to form formation level shall be of suitable material obtained
from excavation in cuttings. Where the quantity of such materials is
inadequate, the Contractor shall obtain suitable materials from the
designated borrow pits or from his own borrow pits which have been
approved by the S.O.
6.1.2 The fill material shall be free from roots, grass, other vegetable material,
clay lump or material of particles size larger than 150 mm.
6.1.3 Sand shall not be used as fill materials at outer edges of the embankment.
6.2 Borrow Pits
6.2.1 The Contractor shall be responsible for locating borrow pits. Designated
borrow pits shown on the Drawings only indicate to the Contractor potential
areas for borrow. Whether the Contractor obtains materials from the
designated or his own borrow pit, it shall be his responsibility to ascertain
the suitability of the pit with respect to the quantity and quality of the
materials, which shall be subjected to the approval of the S.O.
6.2.2 The Contractor shall keep the borrow pits free from water ponding and the
excavation neat and tidy. The contractor shall make sure the side-wall of the
borrow pits is stable, protect the slope surface by turfing and shall carry out
other necessary erosion and environmental protection measures following
the agreed method statement or as instructed by the S.O.
6.2.3 The following tests should be carried out for each 1,500 m3 of material to be
placed or more frequent tests as required by the S.O. :
(i) Atterberg limits

(ii) Gradation analysis
(iii) M.S 1056 Compaction Test (2.5 kg rammer method)

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
6.3 Placement Of Fill Materials
6.3.1 All fill materials shall be deposited in layers and brought up at a uniform rate
so that all parts of the Site reach finished level at the same time. The loose
depth for each layer of fill shall be determined from the trial compaction.
Each layer shall extend over the full width of the fill area and shall be
compacted in accordance with the requirements of sub-section 6.4. Each
compacted layer shall be maintained at all times with a sufficiently even
surface of longitudinal and cross slope in order to drain away the surface
water.
6.3.2 Where embankment is to be constructed on ground with a cross slope

flatter than 1 (vertical) to 10 (horizontal) but steeper than 1 (vertical) to 30
(horizontal), the foundation material, except where this is rock, shall be
scarified to a depth of 100 mm, blended with embankment fill material and
compacted as described in sub-section 6.4.
6.3.3 Where embankment is to be constructed against existing embankment or

on ground with a cross-slope steeper than 1 (vertical) to 10 (horizontal), the
foundation shall be excavated in all materials (including hard rock) to form
benches with horizontal and vertical faces from which construction of the
embankment shall proceed. The benches shall be contiguous beneath the
full width of the embankment, and shall be of a suitable width to
accommodate construction equipment such as motor-graders, trucks,
rollers, et cetera. Scarifying of the horizontal and vertical faces of the
benches shall not normally be required, and the material excavated in
forming the benches may normally be used as fill in the embankment as
6.4 Compaction
6.4.1 General
6.4.1.1 All materials used in embankments and as fill elsewhere shall be

compacted as soon as practicable after being placed and spread.
Compaction shall be undertaken to the requirements of this
Section by plant approved by the S.O. All compaction
requirements shall be controlled by means of field density
measurement.
6.4.1.2 For compaction of embankment slope, the Contractor may either

extend each compacted layer beyond the design slope surface by
at least 600 mm then trim back to the required slope angle, or he
may employ an agreed tow type roller to compact the sloping
surface.
6.4.2 Compaction trials
6.4.2.1 The latest MS 1056 Compaction Test (2.5 kg rammer method)

shall be used in determining the moisture versus density relation
of soil.
6.4.2.2 The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for his agreement the
proposed method of compaction for each main type of material to
be used in the embankment. This shall include the type of
compaction plant for each type of material and the number of
passes in relation to the loose depth of material to achieve
desired compaction. The maximum loose thickness for fill shall
generally be limited to 300 mm unless trial compaction shows

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
compliance with larger loose thickness and with the approval from
the S.O. The Contractor shall carry out field compaction trials,
supplemented by any necessary laboratory investigations, as
required by the S.O. This shall be done by using the procedures
proposed by the Contractor for earthworks and shall demonstrate
to the S.O. that all the specified requirements regarding
compaction can be achieved. Compaction trials with the main
types of material likely to be encountered shall be completed
before the works with the corresponding materials will be allowed
to commence. Each trial area shall be not smaller than 8 m x 15
m.
6.4.2.3 For earthwork compaction of less than 100 m3, trial compaction
can be waived with approval from the S.O., but field density
testing as per sub-section 6.4.4 is still remained necessary as and
when instructed by the S.O.
6.4.3 Degree of compaction
The whole of the fill area shall be compacted to not less than 90% (for
cohesive material) or 95% (for cohesion less material) of the maximum dry
density determined in the latest MS 1056: Compaction Test (2.5 kg-rammer
method), unless otherwise as shown on the Drawings.
6.4.4 Field density testing
Field density tests on each layer of compacted earth fill shall be carried out
using the sand replacement method in accordance with the latest MS 1056
or by using other means of testing of comparable accuracy approved by the
S.O.
6.4.5 Moisture control
6.4.5.1 Each layer of earth fill shall be processed as necessary to bring

its moisture content to a uniform level throughout the material,
suitable for compaction. The optimum moisture content as
determined by the latest MS 1056: Compaction Test (2.5 kg
rammer method) shall be used as a guide in determining the
proper range of moisture content, preferably on the wet side, at
which each soil type shall be compacted. Water shall be added in
fine spray for consistent moisture absorption in the fill, or the
material aerated and dried to adjust the soil to the proper range of
moisture content to obtain the required density. A satisfactory
method and sufficient equipment as approved by the S.O. shall
be used for the furnishing and handling of water.
6.4.5.2 If the natural water content of suitable material is too high for the
proper compaction to be carried out, the Contractor can either
bring down the moisture content by aeration or drying or
alternatively replace it with suitable materials of compactable
moisture range at his own cost.
6.4.6 Air voids
To reduce potential of collapse compression of unsaturated cohesive fill due

to wetting, the moisture content range at fill placement shall be controlled to
achieve a compacted fill with allowable air void content not exceeding 5 %.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
6.5 Frequency Of Control Tests
6.5.1 For each compacted fill materials, the frequency of control tests shall be in
accordance with TABLE B2. The control tests shall be evenly allocated to
each compacted layer of the entire compacted fill. Each control test shall
provide moisture content, dry density and air void content.
TABLE B2 : FREQUENCY OF CONTROL TEST FOR EARTH EMBANKMENT
Type of Material Frequency of Test

Fill/ Imported material 1 test per 1500 m3
Compacted material 1 test per 500 m2
6.5.2 For California Bearing Ratio (CBR), the frequency of test shall not be less
than one test per 4000 m2 of compacted subgrade surface completed or
otherwise as directed by the S.O.
6.5.3 If certain test methods are used for the reasons of speed and economy,
calibration between such tests and the master test method as per latest MS
1056 shall be carried out at the interval of every 100 tests subject to the
S.O. agreement. The calibration is material specific and shall be performed
for each material type. The non-master test method with variation of more
than ± 5 % shall be rejected.
6.6 Rock Fill Embankment
6.6.1 Rock used in rock fill embankments shall be of maximum particle size of
300 mm so that it can be deposited in horizontal layers, each not exceeding
500 mm in compacted depth and extending over the full width of the
embankment except for any specified external cover to slopes or new
formation level. The materials shall be spread and levelled by a crawler
tractor weighing not less than 15 tonnes. Each layer shall consist of
reasonably well graded rock and all large voids with averaging dimension of
exceeding 150 mm shall be filled with broken fragments before the next
layer is placed. The top surface and side slopes of embankments so formed
shall be thoroughly blinded with approved fine graded material to seal the
surface.
6.6.2 There shall be a transition layer between rock fill and earth fill or the top 300
mm of subgrade of at least 300 mm compacted thickness. This shall consist
of uniformly graded crushed rock between 6 mm and 150 mm as approved
by the S.O.
6.6.3 Each layer of rock used as rock fill in embankments shall be systematically
compacted by at least 12 passes of a vibrating roller with a static load per
25 mm width of roll of at least 45 kg or a grid roller with load per 25 mm
width of roll of at least 200 kg or other approved plant.
6.7 Filling On Soft Ground
6.7.1 Foundation treatment
6.7.1.1 Prior to forming embankment over soft ground, the soil over which
fill material shall be placed shall be given strength improvement
treatment as specified and to the details as shown on the
Drawings or as directed or approved by the S.O. Treatment by
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
means of replacement of unsuitable material shall be as specified

in sub-sections 5.6 and 5.7.
6.7.1.2 The first layer of fill materials shall be deposited over the full width
of the embankment and berms in thicknesses not more than 500
mm or as approved by the S.O. to sufficiently support earthwork
machineries.
6.7.1.3 If fill materials are required to be placed under standing water,

hard clean crushed rock, natural gravel or sand having grading
within the respective limits specified in TABLE B1 shall be used to
backfill the embankment not less than 300 mm above the
standing water to receive compacted suitable fill thereafter.
6.7.2 Surcharge and staged construction
Where indicated in the Contract or directed by the S.O., the embankment

shall be built to different heights in stages with or without surcharge and
with allowance for consolidation time periods in between stages, all in
accordance with the Contract. Where surcharge is specified, the Contractor
shall be responsible for the provision of surcharge material and the removal
and disposal of excess material on completion of consolidation or when
directed by the S.O.
6.7.3 Geotechnical instrumentations
6.7.3.1 Geotechnical instruments shall be provided and installed by the

Contractor in the positions as shown on the Drawings for the
purpose of measuring intended reading at specified location(s)
during and after the construction period. The details of
geotechnical instruments shall be as shown on the Drawings and
the Contractor shall be responsible for supplying, installing and
maintaining the functionality of the geotechnical instruments as
the work proceeds.
6.7.3.2 The Contractor shall take all necessary measures to protect

geotechnical instruments from damage by plant and vehicles at
all times and shall repair any such damage throughout the whole
duration of the Works. Necessary visible barriers shall be
installed around each geotechnical instruments wherever
required.
6.7.4 Monitoring records
6.7.4.1 Joint recording of geotechnical instruments reading shall be

conducted as specified. The monitoring records shall be
submitted to the S.O. on an approved printed form to be supplied
by the Contractor. Softcopy of monitoring records shall be
submitted together with the hard copy records.
6.7.4.2 For the measurement of the volume that has settled below the
original level of the foundation of the embankment, the measured
settlement of each settlement gauge shall be used for volume
computation following the method shown on the Drawings.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
7. Protection And Maintenance For Erosion Control
7.1 Where turfing is required for earthworks protection, they shall be planted
immediately after cutting or filling as specified under SECTION R: LANDSCAPING
AND TURFING WORKS.
7.2 Hydroseeding
7.2.1 Hydroseeding shall be carried out after the proposed slope surface exceeds
1000 m2 or within two (2) weeks after cutting or one (1) week during
monsoon season, whichever is earlier on all slopes and other areas as
shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O. Every measure should
be taken to ensure that the grass seed properly germinate at the intended
location as shown on the Drawings at Contractor’s expense.
7.2.2 The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for his consideration and approval,
at least four (4) weeks in advance of the proposed work, full details of his
proposed method of hydroseeding. The information submitted shall include,
but not necessarily be limited to, a full description of the following aspects of
the work:
(i) the preparation of the areas to be hydroseeded, including if

appropriate the amount of topsoil to be used and its method of
application;
(ii) the details and results of investigations to determine which types of

grass and legume are compatible with the soil in the areas to be
seeded;
(iii) the types of grass and legume (if any) and strains of seed to be used,
and the function, root and growth characteristics of each type;
(iv) the rates of application of the grass and legume seeds;
(v) the composition of fertiliser to be used at the time of hydroseeding and

its rate of application;
(vi) the composition of fertiliser to be used after seeding, the times of

application after hydroseeding, and the rates of application;
(vii) the type of mulch to be used and its method and rate of application;
(viii) the amounts of lime or other chemicals (if any) to be applied to

improve the soil before, during and/or after hydroseeding;
(ix) the type and amounts of binding agent to be applied with the seeds,
mulch, fertiliser, et cetera, as appropriate;
(x) the proportions and methods of preparation of the hydroseeding mix;
(xi) the equipment and methods to be used in preparing and placing the
hydroseeding mix and other materials;
(xii) the cultivation and after-care of the seeded areas, including rates and
frequencies of watering, fertilising, grass cutting and general
maintenance for at least one (1) year after hydroseeding;
(xiii) the time after hydroseeding required for establishing permanent, dense
growth of grasses, which will require minimal maintenance;

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
EARTHWORKS
(xiv) the temporary erosion protection materials used for protecting the
seeds;
(xv) guarantees the success of the hydroseeding work.
7.2.3 All grass shall be regularly watered until the vegetation is satisfactorily
established to the requirements of these Specifications. Any dead grass
shall be replaced at the Contractor's own expense.
7.3 Creepers
7.3.1 Where creepers are introduced on gunited slopes, rocks or unsuitable

materials, species shall be of Malaysian origin such as ficus pumila,
centrusemo pubscens, or to the agreement of the S.O.
7.3.2 The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for his consideration and approval,
at least four (4) weeks in advance of the proposed work, full details of his
proposed method of planting the creepers. The information submitted shall
include, but not limited to, a full description of the following aspects of the
work:
(i) the preparation of the areas to be planted with creepers, including the
amount of topsoil if appropriate to be used and its method of
application;
(ii) the details and results of investigations to determine which types of

creepers are compatible with the soil in the areas to be planted;
(iii) the types of creepers to be used, and the function, root and growth
characteristics of each type;
(iv) the composition of fertilizer to be used at the time of planting the

creepers and its rate of application;
(v) the composition of fertilizer to be used after planting, the times of

application and the rate of application;
(vi) the amounts of lime or other chemicals (if any) to be applied to

improve the soil before, during and/or after planting;
(vii) the cultivation and after care of the areas, including rates and
frequencies of watering, fertilizing and general maintenance for at least
one (1) year after planting;
(viii) the time after planting required for establishing permanent, dense
growth of creepers, which will require minimal maintenance;
(ix) guarantees the success of the creepers planting work.
7.3.3 All creepers shall be regularly watered until the vegetation is satisfactorily
established to the requirements of these Specifications. Any dead creepers
shall be replaced at the Contractor’s own expense.
7.4 Temporary Slope Protection
7.4.1 Should the Contractor be unable to turf/hydroseed the exposed slopes

within two (2) weeks after cutting or one (1) week during monsoon season,
whichever is earlier, temporary protection measures such as covering with
plastic sheeting or artificial cover to control erosion shall be taken.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS
PAGE
1. General D/1
2. Material D/1
3. Concrete Conformity And Identity Testing D/5
4. Production Of Concrete D/10
5. Construction With Concrete D/16
6. Steel Reinforcement D/19
7. Formwork And Surface Finish For Structure D/22
8. Mass And Lean Concrete D/28
9. Building Accuracy D/28
10. Apparatus D/28
11. Precast Concrete Construction D/28
12. Other Concrete Works D/30
Figure D1 : Lift Shaft Enclosure D/31

Figure D2 : Limit Of Accuracy Of Shaft Plumb On All Sides Of Shaft
Enclosure D/32
Figure D3 : Accuracy Of Structural Opening D/32
Table D1 : Composition Of Common Cements D/35
Table D2 : Testing Of Aggregates D/36
Table D3 : Grading For Coarse Aggregate D/36
Table D3A : Grading For Fine Aggregate D/36
Table D4 : Admixture Acceptance Test Requirements D/37
Table D5 : Prescribed Mixes For General Use Per Cubic Meter Of Concrete
By Weight Batching D/38
Table D5A : Proportion And Strength Requirements For Prescribed Mixes By
Volume Batching D/38
Table D6 : Durability Recommendations For Reinforced Or Prestressed
Elements With An Intended Working Life Of At Least 50 Years D/39
Table D6A : Minimum Cement Content For Maximum Aggregate Sizes Other
Than 20 mm D/40
Table D7 : Slump Classes D/40
Table D7A : Compaction Classes D/40
Table D7B : Vebe Classes D/40
Table D7C : Flow Classes D/40
Table D7D : Consistence Suitable For Different Uses Of In-situ Concrete D/41
Table D7E : Maximum Total Chloride D/41
Table D8 : Compressive Strength Classes For Normal Weight And Heavy
Weight Concrete D/41
Table D9 : Compressive Strength Classes For Light Weight Concrete D/42
Table D10 : Minimum Rate Of Sampling For Assessing Conformity D/42
Table D11 : Conformity Criteria For Compressive Strength D/42
Table D12 : Compressive Strength Requirements For Prescribed Mix D/43
Table D13 : Identity Criteria For Compressive Strength D/43
Table D14 : Identity Criteria For Slump Specified As A Slump Class D/43
Table D15 : Identity Criteria For Slump Specified As A Target Value D/43
Table D16 : Recorded Data And Other Documents D/44
Table D17 : Characteristic Strength Of Steel Reinforcement D/44
Table D18 : Minimum Periods Between Concreting And Removal Of Forms D/44

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
SECTION D : CONCRETE WORKS No. Pindaan : 00
JKR MALAYSIA Muka Surat : D/1
1. General
This section shall apply to the construction of all structures or parts of structures to be
composed of concrete with or without steel reinforcement. The work shall be carried out all
in accordance with this specification and the lines, levels, grades, dimensions and cross-
sections shown on the Drawings and as required by the S.O.
2. Material
2.1 Cement
2.1.1 The cement to be used throughout the Work shall be cement obtained from
SIRIM-certified manufacturer. The cement shall be described and complied
with MS EN 197-1 as shown in TABLE D1.
2.1.2 Certificates of test
2.1.2.1 Manufacturers' certificates of test shall in general be accepted as

proof of soundness. Additional tests shall be carried out on any
cement which appears to have deteriorated through age, damage to
containers, improper storage, or any other reason. The test shall be
carried out at any approved laboratory in accordance with MS EN
196 at the expense of the Contractor. Any batch of cement that has
been sampled and tested and found not to have complied with the
requirements shall be rejected and removed from the Site.
2.1.2.2 The S.O. may, without tests being made, order that any bag of
cement, a portion of the contents of which has hardened, or which
appears to be defective in any other way, be removed from the Site.
2.1.3 Transportation and storage
The cement shall be transported to the Site in covered vehicles adequately

protected against water. It shall be stored in a weatherproof cement store to
the approval of the S.O. Cement stored in bags shall not be laid directly on
the ground. It shall be taken for use in the Work in the order of its delivery into
the store. Cement delivered in bulk shall be stored in purposely built silos of
an approved design.
2.2 Aggregates
2.2.1 Aggregates shall be naturally occurring sand, granite or limestone, crushed or

uncrushed, except as otherwise specified, and shall comply with MS EN
12620. They shall be obtained from a source approved by the S.O. Marine
aggregates shall not be used.
2.2.2 Coarse aggregates
Coarse aggregates shall comply with MS EN 12620. For work below ground
level, only crushed granite shall be used. Unless otherwise specified in the
Drawings, tests shall be carried out according to MS 30. The property limits
shall be as specified in TABLE D2. The maximum nominal size of aggregate
shall be as specified in the Drawings.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
2.2.3 Fine aggregates
Fine aggregates shall comply with MS EN 12620. In the context of MS EN

12620, the term 'sand' is used to mean 'fine aggregate'. Unless otherwise
specified in the Drawings, tests shall be carried out in accordance with MS 30.
The property limits shall be as specified in TABLE D2.
2.2.4 Grading
2.2.4.1 Coarse aggregates
The grading of coarse aggregates shall be analysed as described in

MS 30 and shall be within the limits specified in TABLE D3.
2.2.4.2 Fine aggregates
The grading of fine aggregates shall be analysed as described in

MS 30 and shall be within the limits specified in TABLE D3A.
However, for prescribed mixes Grading Limit M shall only be used.
2.2.5 Sampling and testing of aggregates
Where site mixing is used, samples of fine and coarse aggregates approved
by the S.O. shall be kept on Site. These samples shall give a fair indication of
the general quality of the aggregates for comparison with the aggregates
delivered during the course of executing the work. Tests shall be carried out
on samples of the latter, taken at intervals as required by the S.O., or
whenever there is a change of source. The appropriate method of sampling
and testing shall be in accordance with the standards as specified in TABLE
D2. Any batch of aggregate rejected by the S.O. shall be removed from the
Site.
2.2.6 Storage of aggregates
2.2.6.1 Separate storage facilities with adequate provision for drainage shall
be provided for each different size of aggregate used.
2.2.6.2 Aggregate shall be handled and stored so as to minimize

segregation and contamination.
2.3 Water
Water shall comply with the requirements of MS EN 1008. It shall be clean and free
from materials deleterious to concrete in the plastic and hardened state and shall be
from a source approved by the S.O. The S.O. may instruct the Contractor to carry out
chemical tests at any approved laboratory at the expense of the Contractor. The
Contractor shall make adequate arrangement to supply and store sufficient water at
the Site for use in mixing and curing of concrete.
2.4 Admixtures
2.4.1 Suitable admixtures may be used in concrete mixes with the prior approval of
or as directed by the S.O.
2.4.2 The admixtures, the sampling and testing of the admixtures and the
information to be provided with the admixture supplied shall comply with MS
EN 934/ BS EN 934-2

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
2.4.3 All admixtures shall be used strictly in accordance with manufacturer's

recommendation.
2.4.4 Before allowing the admixture to be used in the Work, relevant tests based on
trial mixes shall be carried out. A control mix shall be made using a
conventional trial mix that is without using the admixture, to determine the free
water: cement ratio and mix proportion required to give the specified strength
with the required slump. Using the same mix proportion as in the control mix
but with a modified water: cement ratio whenever necessary, a test shall be
carried out using the recommended dosage of the admixture. The results of
the relevant test obtained from the control mix and test mix shall be
compared. The S.O. may allow the use of the admixture only when the
results are found to be satisfactory and comparable to the effects as claimed
by the manufacturer. The admixture acceptance test shall comply with the
requirements specified in TABLE D4.
2.4.5 The uses of admixtures that are chloride based are not permitted for structural
concrete containing reinforcement, prestressing tendons or other embedded
metal. The Contractor shall submit documentary evidence on the contents of
the admixture to be used.
2.4.6 When the Contractor proposes the use of super-plasticiser, special control
tests shall be carried out with prior approval of the S.O. The tests shall be
carried out in accordance with the latest standard and the manufacturer's
recommendations.
2.4.7 If two or more admixtures are proposed to be used simultaneously in the

same concrete mix, the Contractor shall furnish the S.O. with supporting data
on their suitability and compatibility.
2.5 Classification Of Concrete Mixes
2.5.1 The concrete mix shall be designed concrete to MS523-1 and MS523-2
unless otherwise stated in the Drawings. However, prescribed concrete may
be used subject to the following:
(i) The work is of minor nature or involving a small quantity of concrete,

(ii) Prior approval is given by the S.O.,
(iii) The Contractor shall be responsible for the strength of the concrete
(iv) Only CEM I cement is specified to be used
2.5.2 When other than CEM I cement is specified to be used, the concrete mix shall
be of designed concrete only.
2.6 Prescribed Concrete
2.6.1 Prescribed concrete shall conform to MS 523-1 and MS 523-2. Prescribed

concrete shall be as detailed in TABLE D5. The mix prescribed in the table
does not require the use of admixture.
2.6.2 For small volume concreting work, volume batching is permitted provided prior
approval of the S.O. is obtained. The proportion shall be as specified in
TABLE D5A.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
2.7 Designed Concrete
2.7.1 Designed concrete shall comply with the recommendations of MS523-1 and
MS 523-2. The minimum cement content and maximum free water: cement
ratio to be used shall be as shown on TABLE D6 and D6A.
2.7.2 The Contractor shall comply with the following requirements:
(i) Notify the S.O. whether the designed concrete is to be produced as site-
mixed or ready-mixed.
(ii) If the Contractor chooses to use ready mix concrete, he shall notify the
S.O. the name of the supplier, location of the ready mix plant, journey
time taken to transport the concrete to the Site and production capacity of
the plant
(iii) Submit a mix design report covering all concrete mixes to the S.O. for
approval. The designed concrete shall comply with the requirements
specified in TABLE D6 and D6A.
(iv) The Contractor shall ensure that the S.O. be permitted to visit or station
his representative at the plant at any stage of the concrete production
2.8 Requirements For Concrete
2.8.1 Concrete grade
The grade of concrete to be used in the work shall be as stated in the

Drawings and /or in the B.Q. (Concrete shall be designated as Grade X/Y
where 'X' is minimum characteristic cylinder strength in N/mm2, and 'Y' is
minimum characteristic cube strength in N/mm2. For prescribed mix, a suffix
'P' shall be added after 'X').
2.8.2 Cement content
2.8.2.1 Cement content in this specification shall refer to the total quantities
of cement as approved in sub-section 2.1, or the total quantities of
cementitious materials comprising Portland cement and other
constituents complying to MS EN 197-1.
2.8.2.2 Minimum cement content
The minimum cement content shall be in accordance with TABLE D6

and D6A, unless otherwise shown on the Drawings
2.8.2.3 Maximum cement content
The maximum cement content shall not exceed 550 kg/m3 unless
otherwise shown on the Drawings or as approved by the S.O.
2.8.3 Consistence
2.8.3.1 The consistence of the fresh concrete shall be judged by its

suitability for the condition of handling and placing so that after
compaction, it surrounds all reinforcement, tendons and ducts and
completely fills the formwork. Consistence of the concrete shall be
within one of the following limits:
(i) Slump classes (Refer to TABLE D7)

(ii) Compacting classes (Refer to TABLE D7A)

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
(iii) Vebe classes (Refer to TABLE D7B)

(iv) Flow classes (Refer to TABLE D7C)
2.8.3.2 Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, consistence values

expressed as slump and flow classes appropriate to different uses of
concrete shall be as given in TABLE D7D.
2.8.4 Total chloride content
The total chloride content of the concrete mix arising from the aggregate or
any other source shall not in any circumstances exceed the limits in TABLE
D7E expressed as a percentage relationship between chloride ions and
weight of cement in the mix. When necessary, tests shall be carried out in
accordance with BS 1881: Part 124 for each grade of concrete, to
demonstrate that these limits are not exceeded.
2.8.5 Maximum sulphate content
The total estimated sulphate content of any mix, including that present in the
cement shall not exceed 4% by weight of cement in the mix. Where
necessary, tests shall be carried out in accordance with BS 1881: Part 124 for
each grade of concrete to demonstrate that this limit is not exceeded.
3. Concrete Conformity And Identity Testing
3.1 Evaluation Of Conformity
3.1.1 General
3.1.1.1 The contractor is responsible for the evaluation of conformity for

specified requirements of the concrete. For this purpose, the
contractor shall carry out the following tasks:
(i) Initial test,

(ii) Production control including conformity control
3.1.2 Concrete composition and initial testing
3.1.2.1 In the case of using a new concrete composition, initial testing shall
be performed to provide a concrete that achieves the specified
properties or intended performance with an adequate margin. The
concrete design and design relationships shall be re-established in
the case of a prescribed concrete.
3.1.2.2 New concrete composition shall be reviewed periodically to provide

assurance that all concrete designs are still in accordance with the
actual requirements, taking account of the change in properties of
the constituent materials and the results of conformity testing on the
concrete compositions.
3.1.3 Initial tests
3.1.3.1 Frequency of initial tests
Initial test shall be repeated if there has been a significant change

either in the constituent materials or in the specified requirements on
which the previous test were based.
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
3.1.3.2 Test conditions
(i) In general, initial test shall be carried out on fresh concrete with
a temperature 27±2ºC
(ii) For the initial test of single concrete, at least three specimens
from each of three batches shall be tested.
(iii) The strength of a batch or load shall be taken to be the average

of the test results. The result of the initial test on the concrete is
the average strength of the batches or loads.
3.1.3.3 Criteria for adoption of initial tests
(i) For assessing the properties of concrete, in particular those of

fresh concrete, the differences between the type of mixer and
mixing procedure applied during the initial test and those
applied during actual production shall be taken into account.
(ii) The compressive strength of the concrete with the composition

to be adopted for the actual case shall exceed the values fck of
TABLE D8 or TABLE D9 by an adequate margin. This margin
shall be at least that need to satisfy the conformity criteria given
in sub-section 4.2.1.3. The margin should be about twice the
expected standard deviation, that means at least a margin of 6
N/mm2 to 12 N/mm2 depending on the production facilities, the
constituent materials and the available background information
about the variation.
(iii) The consistence of the concrete shall be within the limits of the
consistence class, at the time at which the concrete likely to be
placed or in the case of ready mixed concrete, delivered.
(iv) For other properties that are specified, the concrete shall meet
the specified values with an appropriate margin.
3.2 Conformity Control For Designed Concrete
3.2.1 Conformity control for compressive strength
3.2.1.1 General
(i) For normal-weight and heavy-weight concrete of strength

classes from C8/10 to C55/67 or light-weight concrete from
LC8/9 to LC55/60, sampling and testing shall be performed on
individual concrete compositions.
(ii) In the sampling and testing plan and the conformity criteria of
individual concrete compositions distinction is made between
initial production and continuous production.
(iii) Initial production covers the production until at least 35 test
results are available.
(iv) Continuous production is achieved when at least 35 test result

are obtained over a period not exceeding 12 months.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
(v) If production of an individual concrete composition, has been

suspended more than 12 months, the criteria, sampling and
testing plan given for initial production shall be adopted.
(vi) During continuous production, the sampling and testing plan

and the criteria for initial production may be adopted.
(vii) If the strength is specified for a different age, the conformity is

assessed on specimens tested at the specified age.
(viii) Identity testing shall be carried out in accordance to 4.4 in order

to verify that a defined volume comes from a conforming
population.
3.2.1.2 Sampling and Testing
(i) Samples of concrete shall be randomly selected and taken in

accordance with EN 12350-1. The minimum rate of sampling
and of testing of concrete shall be in accordance with TABLE
D10 at the rate that gives the highest number of samples for
initial or continuous production, as appropriate.
(ii) The samples shall be taken after any water or admixtures are
added to the concrete, but sampling before adding plasticizer to
adjust the consistence is permitted where there is proof by
initial testing that the plasticizer or super plasticizer in quality to
be used has no negative effect on the strength of the concrete.
(iii) The test result shall be that obtained from an individual

specimen or the average of the results when two or more
specimens made from one sample are tested at the same age.
(iv) Where two or more specimens are made from one sample and
the range of the test values is more than 15 % of the mean the
result shall be disregarded unless an investigation reveals an
acceptable reason to justify disregarding an individual test
value.
3.2.1.3 Conformity criteria for compressive strength
(i) Conformity assessment shall be made be made on test results

taken during an assessment period that shall not exceed the
last twelve months.
(ii) Conformity of concrete compressive strength is assessed on

specimens tested at 28 days in accordance with :
a) Groups of n non-overlapping or overlapping consecutive

test results fcm (Criterion 1)
b) Each individual test result fa (Criterion 2)
(iii) Conformity is confirmed if both the criteria given in TABLE D11

for either initial or continuous production are satisfied.
(iv) Initially, the standard deviation shall be calculated from at least

35 consecutive test results taken over a period exceeding three
months and which is immediately prior to the production period
during which conformity is to be checked. This value shall be
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
taken as the estimate of the standard deviation (σ) of the

population. The validity of the adopted value shall be verified
during the subsequent production using Method 1 as stated
below. However, Method 2 may be used if approved by the
S.O.
a) Method 1
The initial value of standard deviation may be applied for

the subsequent period during which conformity is to be
checked, provided the standard deviation of the latest 15
results (s15) does not deviate significantly from the adopted
standard deviation. This is considered valid provided:
0.63 σ ≤ s15≤1.37 σ
Where the value of s15 lies outside these limits, a new
estimate of σ shall be determined from last available 35 test
results
b) Method 2
The new value of σ may be estimated from a continuous

system and this value is adopted. The sensitivity of the
system shall be at least that of Method 1.
3.3 Non-conformity Of Product
3.3.1 The following actions shall be taken by the Contractor in the event of non-
conformity:
(i) Check test results and if invalid, take action to eliminate errors;
(ii) If non-conformity is confirmed e.g. by retesting, take corrective actions
including a management review of relevant production control
procedures;
(iii) Where there is confirmed non-conformity with the specification that was
not obvious at delivery, notice shall be given to the S.O. in order to avoid
any consequential damage;
(iv) Record actions on the items above
3.3.2 If the Contractor has given notice of non-conformity of the concrete or if the
results of conformity tests do not fulfil the requirements, supplementary testing
according to EN 12504-1 on cores taken from the structure or components or
a combination of tests on cores and non-destructive tests on the structure or
in structural components as given in EN 13791 shall be required by the S.O.
3.4 Identity Testing
3.4.1 General
Identity testing indicates whether the defined volume of concrete in question

belongs to the same population as that verified as conforming with the
characteristic strength via conformity assessment.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
3.4.2 Identity testing for compressive strength
3.4.2.1 Sampling and testing plan
(i) The sampling rate for identity testing shall be as follows:
a) One sample per 10.0 m3 or every group of 10 batches for

critical structures e.g. prestressed concrete, masts,
cantilevers, columns, footing, pile caps, shear wall,
retaining wall.
b) One sample per 20.0m3 or every group of 20 batches e.g.
slabs, beams.
c) One sample per 50.0 m3 or every group of 50 batches e.g.

raft foundation and mass concrete.
(ii) Samples shall be taken from different batches or loads in

accordance with EN 12350-1 Test specimens shall be prepared
and cured in accordance with EN 12390-2. The compressive
strength of the specimens shall be determined in accordance
with EN 12390-3 The test result shall be that obtained from the
average of the results of two or more specimens made from
one sample for testing at the same age. Where the range of test
values is more than 15% of the mean, the results shall be
disregarded unless an investigation reveals an acceptable to
justify disregarding an individual test value.
3.4.2.2 Cube strength at 7 days
One cube from each sample batch shall be tested for the seven (7)
days compressive strength. The cube compressive strength shall not
fall below the corresponding values given in TABLE D12 for
prescribed concrete, and two-third (2/3) of the twenty eight (28) days
compressive strength for designed concrete.
3.4.3 Identity criteria for compressive strength
3.4.3.1 Concrete under production control certification
(i) Identity of concrete is assessed for each individual strength test

result and the average non-overlapping discrete results as
identified in TABLE D13.
(ii) Concrete is deemed to come from a conforming population if

both the criteria in TABLE D13 are satisfied for n results derived
from strength tests on samples taken from the defined volume
of concrete.
3.4.3.2 Concrete not under production control certification
From the defined volume of concrete, at least three (3) samples shall
be taken for testing. The concrete is deemed to come from a
conforming population if the conformity in sub-section 4.2.1.3 and
TABLE D11 for initial production is satisfied.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
3.4.4 Identity testing for slump and flow
3.4.4.1 Sampling and testing plan
(i) The sampling shall be either:
a) In accordance with MS26-1-1; or
b) Measured using a spot sample obtained from the initial

discharge, if concrete is delivered in a truck mixer or
agitating equipment. The spot sample shall be taken after a
discharge of approximately 0.3 m3 by taking six increments
from the moving stream of the concrete in accordance with
MS 26-1-1.
(ii) The sample shall be remixed on a non-absorbent surface and

tested for slump or flow. Slump shall be measured in
accordance with MS 26-1-2. Flow shall be measured in
accordance with MS 26-1-5.
3.4.5 Identity criteria for the slump of an individual batch
If the measured slump meets the requirements specified in TABLE D14 or is

within the tolerance specified in TABLE D15, the identity test confirms that the
batch conforms to MS 523: Part 1 with respect to consistence. For identity
criteria for flow reference shall be made to Annex B of MS523-2.
4. Production Of Concrete
4.1 General
4.1.1 All concrete shall be subjected to production control under the responsibility of
the contractor.
4.1.1.1 Production control comprises all measures necessary to maintain the

properties of concrete in conformity to specified requirements. It
includes:
(i) selection of materials.

(ii) concrete design.
(iii)concrete production.
(iv) inspection and tests.
(v) the use of the results of test on constituent materials, fresh and
hardened concrete and equipment.
(vi) For ready-mixed concrete, inspection of equipment used in
transporting fresh concrete.
4.2 Production Control System
The production control system shall contain adequately documented procedures and
instructions. These procedures and instructions shall, where relevant, be established
in respect of the control requirement as given in the TABLES D10, D11 and D16.
4.3 Supervision
The Contractor shall ensure the required standard of control over materials and
workmanship. The S.O. shall be afforded all reasonable opportunities and facilities to
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
inspect the constituent materials and the production of concrete and to take samples
for testing.
4.4 Site Mixed Concrete
4.4.1 The quantities of cement, fine aggregate and various sizes of coarse
aggregate shall be measured by weight unless otherwise approved by the
S.O. A separate weighing machine shall be provided for weighing the cement.
Alternatively, the cement may be measured by using a whole number of bags
in each batch. The quantity of water shall be measured by volume or by
weight. Any solid admixtures to be added shall be measured by weight; liquid
or paste admixtures shall be measured by volume or weight.
4.4.2 The batch weight of aggregate shall be adjusted to allow for the moisture
content of the aggregate being used. All measuring equipment shall be
calibrated on site or their calibration status established by certificates from
accredited laboratories.
4.4.3 The mixing time shall be not less than two minutes and not more than five
minutes or any other time recommended by the mixer manufacturer after all
the ingredients have been placed in the mixer.
4.4.4 Mixers that have been out of use for more than 30 minutes shall be thoroughly
cleaned before any fresh concrete is mixed. Unless otherwise agreed by the
S.O., the first batch of concrete through the mixer shall contain only two thirds
of the normal quantity of coarse aggregate. The mixer shall be thoroughly
cleaned before changing from one type of cement to another.
4.4.5 The water content of each batch of concrete may be adjusted so as to

produce concrete of the workability required. However care shall be taken to
ensure the free water: cement ratio is maintained. The total amount of water
added to the mix shall be recorded.
4.5 Ready Mixed Concrete
4.5.1 Ready mixed concrete are batched, either dry or wet, at a control plant and
transported in purpose-made agitators operating continuously or truck mixers
to the Site.
4.5.2 Ready mixed concrete shall comply with the requirements of designed
concrete as in sub-section 3.2 and MS 523-1. All concrete materials, including
water and admixtures shall be mixed in the plant and delivered to Site in
purpose made truck mixers. No extra water or admixtures are allowed to be
added after the concrete has left the plant.
4.5.3 Ready mixed concrete delivered to the Site shall be accompanied by delivery
ticket and manufacturer's batching record stating the details of mix proportions
by weight, the grade of concrete, type and size of aggregate, date and time of
loading at plant, type and dosage of chemical admixtures and other relevant
production details in suitable format, failing which the S.O, or his
representative, shall immediately reject the total load of the concrete. The
S.O, or his representative, and the contractor shall ensure the information
provided in the delivery tickets and the manufacturer's batching record
complies with the details of the approved 'designed concrete' and its
corresponding consistence as in sub-section 3.2.1 before discharging the
concrete.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
4.5.4 Rejected concrete shall be removed from the Site. The delivery ticket shall be
marked 'REJECTED'.
4.6 Transporting
Concrete shall be transported from the mixer to the formwork as rapidly as practicable
by methods, which will prevent segregation or loss of any constituents or ingress of
foreign matter or water and maintain the required workability. It shall be deposited as
near as practicable in its final position to avoid rehandling or moving the concrete
horizontally by vibration. The concrete shall be conveyed by chutes or concrete
pumps only with permission from the S.O.
4.7 Placing
4.7.1 Placing of concrete in dry condition
4.7.1.1 For all concrete whether mixed on or off the site of the Work, each
batch shall be placed and compacted within two (2) hours of adding
the cement to the dry aggregates and within 45 minutes (or any
other period of time based on the trial mix as per sub-sections 2.4
and 3.2.3 and approved by the S.O. if an admixture is used) of
adding water to the cement and aggregate. Concrete shall not be
placed in any part of the structure until the approval of the S.O. has
been obtained. If concreting is not started within 24 hours of
approval given, approval shall again be obtained from the S.O.
4.7.1.2 All formwork and reinforcement contained in it shall be clean and

free from standing water immediately before the placing of concrete.
Concreting shall be carried out continuously between and up to
predetermined construction joints in one sequence of operation. It
shall be thoroughly compacted by either hand tamping or mechanical
vibration or both and shall be thoroughly worked into the corners.
After tamping into place the concrete shall not be subjected to
disturbance other than such as incidental to compaction by vibration.
In the event of unavoidable stoppage in positions not predetermined,
the concreting shall be terminated on a horizontal plane and against
vertical surfaces by the use of stop boards. The location for
termination shall be subjected to the approval of the S.O.
4.7.1.3 Fresh concrete shall not be placed against in-situ concrete which
has been in position for more than 45 minutes unless a construction
joint is formed in accordance with sub-section 6.1. When in-situ
concrete has been in place for four hours, no further concrete shall
be placed against it for a further 20 hours. Where retarding
admixture has been used, the S.O. may approve variation to this
limit.
4.7.1.4 Except where otherwise approved by the S.O., concrete shall be

deposited in horizontal layers to a compacted depth not exceeding
450 mm when internal vibrators are used or 300 mm in all other
cases. The surface of the concrete shall be maintained reasonably
level during placing.
4.7.1.5 Concrete shall not be dropped into place from a height exceeding
1.5 m. However, higher drops may be allowed provided the mix has
been well designed and proportioned. When trunking or chutes are
used, they shall be kept clean and used in such a manner as to
avoid segregation.
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
4.7.1.6 The Contractor shall maintain an experienced steel fixer at the site of
reinforced concrete works during the placing of concrete to
reposition any reinforcement which may be displaced.
4.7.2 Placing of concrete under water
4.7.2.1 No concrete shall be placed in flowing water. Underwater concrete if

deemed unavoidable, shall be placed in position by Tremie pipes
from the mixer. During and after concreting under water, pumping or
dewatering operations in the immediate vicinity shall be suspended
until the S.O. permits them to continue. Where the concrete is placed
by a Tremie pipe, the following requirements shall be applicable: -
(i) The hopper and tremie pipe shall be a closed system. The
bottom of the Tremie pipe shall be kept as far as practicable
beneath the surface of the placed concrete.
(ii) The tremie pipe shall be large enough with due regard to the
size of aggregate. For 20 mm aggregates, the Tremie pipe shall
be of a diameter not less than 150 mm and for larger
aggregates, a bigger diameter Tremie pipe approved by the
S.O. shall be used.
(iii) Unless otherwise agreed by the S.O., the first charge of

concrete shall be placed with a sliding plug pushed down the
Tremie pipe ahead of it to prevent mixing of concrete and water.
(iv) The Tremie pipe shall always penetrate well into the concrete
with an adequate margin of safety against accidental withdrawal
if the pipe is surged to discharge the concrete.
(v) The concrete shall be deposited wholly by Tremie pipe and the
method of deposition shall not be changed part way up to
prevent the laitance from being entrapped within the structure.
(vi) All Tremie pipes shall be properly cleaned after use.
4.8 Placement Temperature
4.8.1 Placement temperature shall comply with MS 523-3 to prevent premature

setting and loss of water during placing of concrete in the formwork and the
following precautions shall be taken:
(i) At the time of placing, no part of the concrete shall have a temperature
exceeding 36°C. This may be achieved by cooling the water and
aggregate prior to mixing.
(ii) Concrete shall not be placed in forms or around reinforcement whose
temperature exceeds 36°C. This can be achieved by providing shading
or other means to protect from direct sunlight.
(iii) Freshly placed concrete shall be protected from direct sunlight and from
loss of moisture by covering, shading or other means.
(iv) No concrete shall be placed when the air temperature at the point of
deposition exceeds 36°C
4.8.2 However, higher temperatures may be allowed if specified in the Drawings.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
4.9 Compaction
4.9.1 Unless otherwise approved by the S.O., concrete shall be thoroughly

compacted by vibration and thoroughly worked around the reinforcement,
tendons or duct formers, around embedded fixtures and into corners of the
formwork to form a dense, homogenous mass, free from voids and which will
have the required surface finish when the formwork is removed. Vibration
shall be applied continuously during the placing of each batch of concrete until
the expulsion of air has practically ceased and in a manner which does not
promote segregation of the ingredients.
4.9.2 The concrete maintained between the two walls of formwork shall be
compacted by internal or external vibrators. Concrete in slabs with no
formwork on its upper surface shall be compacted either by vibrators of the
pan type or by a vibrating screen.
4.9.3 The internal vibrators shall be inserted and withdrawn slowly and at a uniform
pace of approximately 100 mm per second. Compaction shall be deemed to
be completed when cement mortar appears in an annulus around the vibrator.
Over vibration leading to segregation of the mix must be avoided. The internal
vibrators shall be inserted at points judged by the area of mortar showing after
compaction, with a certain allowance made for overlapping and they shall not
be allowed to come into contact with the formwork or the reinforcement and
shall be inserted at a distance of not less than 75 mm from the formwork.
4.9.4 The pan vibrator shall be placed on the surface of the concrete, which shall
have previously been tamped and leveled leaving an allowance in height for
compaction until the cement mortar appears under the pan. The vibrator shall
then be lifted and placed on the adjoining surface and this operation shall be
repeated until the whole surface has been compacted. Alternatively, a
vibrating screen spanning the full width of the surface may also be used.
4.9.5 Whenever vibration has to be applied externally, the design of formwork and
disposition of vibration shall receive special consideration to ensure efficient
compaction and to avoid surface blemishes. The vibration shall be such that
there will be no excess water on the top surface on completion of compaction.
4.9.6 External vibrators shall be firmly secured to the formwork which must be
sufficiently rigid to transmit the vibration and strong enough not to be
damaged by it. Internal vibrators shall be capable of operating at not less than
10,000 cycles per minute and external vibrators at not less than 3,000 cycles
per minute. Sufficient vibrators in serviceable condition shall be on Site so that
spare equipment is always available in the event of breakdowns. Vibrators
shall be operated by workmen skilled in their use.
4.9.7 Concrete shall not be subjected to any disturbance within 24 hours after
compaction. No standing or flowing water shall be allowed to come into
contact with exposed concrete surfaces during the first two (2) hours after
placing and compaction of the concrete.
4.9.8 In the event where inadequate or improper compaction is suspected, the S.O.
has the right to inspect and to carry out further tests. The tests may include
non-destructive and destructive methods. All expenses incurred in carrying
out such sampling, testing and remedial works shall be borne by the
Contractor irrespective of whether the tests prove the structure to be sound or
otherwise.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
4.10 Curing And Protection
4.10.1 All concrete work shall be cured for the full period of curing which shall not be
less than five (5) days for F1, F2, F3 and F4 surfaces, but not less than three
(3) days for F11, F12, F13, F14 and F15 surfaces.
4.10.2 Curing and protection shall start immediately after compaction of the concrete
to protect it from:
(i) Impact damage such as shock, overloading or falling earth which may
disrupt the concrete and interface with its bond to reinforcements.
(ii) Premature drying out from direct sunlight and wind.
(iii) Leaching out by rain and flowing water.
(iv) High internal thermal gradients.
4.10.3 Normal curing and protection
4.10.3.1 Concrete, after it is placed and until the expiration of the curing
duration, shall not be allowed to dry out. Provision shall be made for
adequate protection against direct sunlight and wind to allow the
process of curing to complete within the specified period.
4.10.3.2 Curing and protection shall be accomplished by covering the

exposed concrete surface with an impermeable material such as
polyethylene sheet, which should be well sealed and fastened and if
required, this treatment can be continued efficiently throughout the
whole period of curing.
4.10.3.3 When the concrete has attained its final set, one of the following
curing methods shall be adopted:
(i) Water curing shall be accomplished by keeping the surface of

the concrete continuously wet by ponding with water.
(ii) Curing may be accomplished by sealing in the water as specified
above by covering with an approved waterproofed curing paper
or plastic sheeting laid with airtight joints. It must be securely
positioned to prevent displacement by wind and protected from
tearing or other injury.
4.10.3.4 The use of other methods of curing may be deemed necessary when
the concrete is subjected to high internal thermal gradient, or with
large exposed surface area. The Contractor shall submit a method
statement to the approval of the S.O.
4.10.3.5 In the event where the Contractor does not do proper curing, the
S.O. has the right to inspect and to carry out further tests which may
include destructive methods. All expenses incurred in carrying out
such sampling, testing and remedial works shall be borne by the
Contractor irrespective of whether the tests proved the structure to
be sound or otherwise.
4.10.4 Accelerated curing
4.10.4.1 Elevated temperature curing may be used only with Ordinary

Portland Cement.
4.10.4.2 After the completion of the placing of concrete, four (4) hours shall
elapse before its temperature is raised, unless the Contractor is able
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
to prove that curing can start earlier by furnishing all the relevant
supporting data to the S.O. The rise in temperature within any period
of 30 minutes shall not exceed 10°C and maximum temperature
attained shall not exceed 70°C unless it can be proven that any
deviation from this provision shall not result in any detrimental effect
to the concrete work. The rate of subsequent cooling shall not
exceed the rate of heating. The use of accelerated curing methods
for concrete containing other types of cement or any admixture or
any additional materials shall be to the approval of the S.O.
5. Construction With Concrete
5.1 Construction Joints
5.1.1 Construction joints shall be made at the location as shown on the drawing and
concreting work shall be carried out continuously up to the construction joints.
If the position and detail of any construction joints is not described in the
drawings, the Contractor shall propose and obtain the approval of the S.O.
prior to commencement of concreting. The construction joints shall be made
as few as possible with reasonable precautions against shrinkage. The joints
shall be at right angles to the general direction of the member and shall take
due account of shear and other stresses.
5.1.2 Concrete shall not be allowed to run to a feather edge and vertical joints shall
be formed against a stop end. The top surface of a layer of concrete shall be
level and flat unless design considerations make this undesirable. Joint lines
shall be so arranged that they coincide with features of the finished work,
wherever possible.
5.1.3 At horizontal construction joints, gauge strips about 25 mm width shall be

placed inside the forms along all exposed surfaces to ensure a straight joint
on those surfaces. Where a kicker (that is a starter stub) is used for the
construction of walls and columns, it shall be at least 75 mm high, to be
constructed monolithically with the base concrete.
.
5.1.4 Where vertical construction joints are necessary in mass concrete structures,
reinforcing bars shall be placed across the joints so as to make the structure
monolithic, all to the approval of the S.O.
5.1.5 Prior to recommencement of concreting on a joint, the surface of the concrete

against which new concrete will be cast shall be free from laitance and shall
be roughened to the extent that the coarse aggregate is exposed but not
disturbed. Care shall be taken to avoid damaging the lines of the joint. Care
shall also be taken that the joint surface is clean and damp but not wet and
the exposed adjoining surfaces shall be of consistent colour. Immediately
before the fresh concrete is placed against the joint, fresh rich cement mortar
(1:2) shall be applied to the exposed surface.
5.1.6 Where the S.O. considers that special preparation is necessary, e.g. for an in-
situ structural connection, preparation shall be carried out, preferably when
the concrete has set but not hardened, by spraying with a fine spray of air and
water or brushing with a stiff brush sufficiently to remove the outer mortar skin
and expose the larger aggregates without disturbing them. Where this
treatment is impracticable, sand blasting or a needle gun shall be used to
remove the surface skin and laitance. Hardened surfaces shall be chipped
manually or mechanically to be free from laitance and properly roughened to
the extent that the coarse aggregates are being exposed.
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
5.2 Fixing Blocks, Brackets, Built In Bolts, Holes, Chases, Et Cetera
5.2.1 All fixing blocks, brackets, built in bolts, holes, chases, et cetera shall be
accurately set out and formed and carefully sealed prior to the concrete being
placed. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to obtain all such information
for these items of work and to obtain the approval of the S.O. before
incorporating such work prior to the concrete being placed.
5.2.2 Bolts and other inserts to be cast into the concrete shall be securely fixed to
the formwork in such a way that they are not displaced during the concreting
operations and that there is no loss of materials from the wet concrete through
holes in the formwork.
5.2.3 Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or instructed by the S.O.,

reinforcement shall be locally moved so that the minimum specified cover is
maintained at the locations of inserts, holes, chases, et cetera. In the event
where the minimum cover cannot be maintained, the Contractor shall take the
necessary precautions to protect the reinforcements against corrosion by
applying an approved coating materials to the reinforcements and the
concrete cover.
5.2.4 Temporary plugs shall be removed and the threads of built in bolts shall be
cleaned and greased before handing over any part of the Work.
5.3 Movement Joints.
5.3.1 Movement Joints, Expansion joints, contraction joints or other permanent

structure joints shall be provided in the positions and constructed and sealed
with waterproofing materials as detailed in the Drawings.
5.3.2 When forming movement joints, joint filler shall be fixed firmly to the first-
placed concrete. If more than one strip is used within a joint, it is essential to
butt the ends tightly or tape them together to prevent grout leakage restricting
the closure of the joint.
5.3.3 It is essential that the concrete on both sides of the joint, when placed, is
thoroughly compacted to form a dense uniform mass. Where stop ends
comprise more than one element, particular care is necessary to ensure that
joints between elements are sufficiently tight to allow no grout loss through
them during compaction of the concrete.
5.3.4 Where flexible water stops are used, they shall be fixed so as to ensure that
they are not displaced from their intended position during compaction of the
concrete and that the concrete surrounding them is fully compacted. The
design of the water stop should be practical and take account of the problems
often associated with integral water stop construction in difficult placing
conditions.
5.3.5 Water stops laid horizontally and located within the concrete mass shall be
avoided since they attract the greatest risk of local honeycombing.
5.3.6 Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, all exposed expansion joints shall
be covered with 0.7 mm thick aluminium cover strips fixed with masonry nails
at 300 mm centers.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
5.4 Sealants And Special Materials
5.4.1 General
The installation method and the selection, mixing, application and curing of all
joint waterproofing materials shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations. The Contractor may propose to use alternative joint
waterproofing materials by submitting supporting technical information, test
reports and samples of the proposed waterproofing materials to the S.O. for
approval
5.4.2 Waterproofing materials
All waterproofing materials used at public access areas shall be protected

with non-shrink grout covering
5.4.3 Water stops
5.4.3.1 Water stops shall be as specified in the Drawings and shall be

installed and butt jointed according to BS 8007 and the
manufacturer's recommendation.
5.4.3.2 Water stops shall be securely positioned in the formwork to prevent

displacement during concreting.
5.4.4 Two-part polysulphide or two-part polyurethane sealant
5.4.4.1 Two-part polysulphide or two-part polyurethane sealant for external

use shall comply with the following requirements:
(i) Conformance to BS 4254

(ii) Minimum joint movement capacity of ± 27.5% of joint width at
27.5ºC;
(iii) Shore 'A' Hardness of 25 ± at 27.5ºC;
(iv) Resistance to dilute acids, alkali and all kind of fuel
5.4.5 Preformed flexible strip sealant
5.4.5.1 Preformed flexible strip sealant shall comply with the following
requirements:
(i) Shall only be used in horizontal joints and be subjected to

pressure
(ii) throughout its length;
(iii) Good adhesion
(iv) Water resistant
(v) Non-staining
5.4.6 Bitumen/rubber cold applied membrane
5.4.6.1 Bitumen/rubber cold applied membrane shall comply with the

following requirements:
(i) Minimum joint movement capacity of ±10% of joint width at

27.5ºC
(ii) 90% solid content;
(iii) Resistant to dilute acid and alkali.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
5.4.7 Hot-poured rubber/bitumen sealing compound
Hot-poured rubber/bitumen sealing compound shall comply with BS 2499.
5.4.8 Bituminous sheeting
5.4.8.1 Bituminous sheeting with non-asbestos fibre shall comply with the
(i) Resistant to lime water (no visual effect after two (2) weeks
immersion)
(ii) Maximum water absorption of 10% of dry weight
(iii) Minimum tensile strength of 50 kg/cm²
(iv) Ozone and ultraviolet resistant
5.4.9 Neoprene bearing pads
5.4.9.1 Neoprene bearing pads shall comply with the following requirements:
(i) Shore 'A' Hardness of 60 ± 5 at 27.5oC

(ii) Minimum rupture strength of 105 kg/cm²
(iii) Minimum rupture elongation of 300%.
5.4.10 Polyurethane foam backing rods
5.4.10.1 Polyurethane foam backing rods used as sealant stops in panel

joints shall have the following properties: -
(i) Minimum compressibility of 75% of original volume at 27.5oC

(ii) Excellent resilient properties;
(iii) Density between 35 kg/cm³ and 45 kg/cm³
(iv) Total resistance to common acids, lubricants and detergents
(v) Total resistance to water infiltration by capillary action
(vi) Suitability for up to 70oC.
6. Steel Reinforcement
6.1 General
The Work shall consist of furnishing and placing reinforcing steel in accordance with
this specification and in conformity with the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.
6.2 Materials
6.2.1 Hot rolled mild steel and high yield bars shall comply with the requirements of
MS 146. Cold worked steel bars shall comply with the requirements of BS 4461.
Hard drawn mild steel wire shall comply with the requirements of MS 144.
6.2.2 Steel fabric reinforcement shall comply with the requirements of MS 145 and
shall be delivered to the Site in flat sheets, unless otherwise specified.
6.2.3 Dowel bars shall be plain, round bars conforming to the requirements of MS
146. They shall be free from burring or other deformations restricting slippage
in the concrete. Dowel bar sleeves used for debonding shall be of approved
synthetic material. The closed end of the sleeve shall be filled with 25 mm
thick compressible foam fillers and the sleeve shall fit tightly over the length of
the bar to be debonded.
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
6.2.4 Before any reinforcement steel is brought to Site, the Contractor shall furnish
the mill certificates of tests and these shall be submitted for acceptance by the
S.O. In addition Contractor shall on request, furnish the S.O. with a test sheet
from approved laboratories for any batch of bars, giving the results of each of
the mechanical tests and/or chemical composition analysis required under the
MS or any equivalent international standards approved by the S.O. The
specified characteristic strength of steel reinforcement shall be as given in
TABLE D17.
6.2.5 During the course of the work, any reinforcement found to be not in
accordance with the MS or BS may be rejected by the S.O. notwithstanding
any previous acceptance on the strength of the test certificates. The S.O. may
call for additional tests to be made at the Contractor's expense on samples
taken from the batch of the defective reinforcement. If the samples do not
comply with the MS or BS, then the S.O. may reject the whole batch and
instruct its removal from the Site.
6.2.6 Steel reinforcement shall be stored in clean and dry conditions. When placed
in the work it shall be clean and free from loose rust, mill scale, oil, grease,
paint, dirt or anything which may reduce its bond with concrete. If directed by
the S.O., the steel bars shall be brushed or otherwise cleaned before use, at
the Contractor's expense.
6.2.7 Binding wire shall be 1.6 mm diameter soft annealed steel wire complying with
the requirements of BS 1052.
6.3 Construction Methods
6.3.1 Cutting and bending of reinforcement
6.3.1.1 Bars shall be of their correct lengths and bent to the exact shapes
required before being fixed in the work.
6.3.1.2 Bars shall be cut and bent cold by the application of slow, steady
pressure or in an approved bar-bending machine. Bending at
temperatures in excess of 100ºC may only be carried out with the
S.O.'s approval and under his supervision. Except where otherwise
indicated in the Drawings, bars shall be bent and measured in
accordance with BS 4449.
6.3.1.3 Cold worked and hot rolled bars shall not be straightened or bent
again once having been bent. Where it is necessary to bend the free
end of mild steel reinforcement already cast in the concrete, the
internal radius of the bend shall not be less than twice the diameter
of the bar.
6.3.1.4 Special care shall be taken that the overall length of bars with
multiple bends is accurate and that after bending and fixing in
position the bars remain in place without wrap or twist.
6.3.2 Fixing of reinforcement
6.3.2.1 The number, size, length, shape, type and position of all reinforcing
bars, links, spacer bars and other parts of the steel reinforcement,
shall be in accordance with the Drawings.
6.3.2.2 Reinforcements shall be secured against displacement. Unless

specified otherwise, the actual concrete cover shall be taken as the
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
distance between face of concrete and the nearest steel surface. All
intersecting bars shall be tied together with binding wire and the
ends of the wire shall be turned into the main body of the concrete.
6.3.2.3 Reinforcement temporarily left projecting from the concrete at

construction or other joints shall not be bent out of position during
the periods in which concreting is suspended except with the
approval of the S.O.
6.3.2.4 The Contractor shall take particular care that the reinforcement is
laid out correctly in every aspect and temporarily suspended by
annealed wire or supported on concrete blocks or other approved
spacers in the forms to prevent displacement during the placing and
compacting of concrete. Links shall tightly embrace the longitudinal
reinforcement to which they shall be securely wired or spot welded.
The top reinforcement in slabs shall be rigidly supported on mild
steel 'chairs' or equivalent spaced in each direction to prevent
sagging during concreting.
6.3.2.5 No concrete shall be placed until the reinforcement has been

inspected and approved by the S.O.
6.3.3 Splicing
6.3.3.1 Joints to reinforcement bars shall be effected by lapping of bars at

positions shown on the Drawings. Where other types of joints are to
be used, prior approval of the S.O shall be obtained and their use
shall be strictly in accordance with manufacturer's recommendation,
at the positions approved by the S.O.
6.3.4 Supporting and spacer blocks
6.3.4.1 The size of supporting and spacer blocks required for ensuring that
the reinforcement is correctly positioned shall be not more than
50mm x50mm consistent with their purpose, of a shape approved by
the S.O., and designed so that they will not overturn when the
concrete is placed.
6.3.4.2 The nominal size of aggregates used shall be 10 mm. The concrete
spacers shall be of at least the same strength and material's source
as the concrete to be poured. Wires cast in these blocks for the
purpose of tying them to the reinforcement shall be as described in
sub-section 7.2.
6.3.4.3 Spacers left in situ shall not impair the desired appearance or
durability of the structure by causing spalling, rust staining or
allowing the passage of moisture.
6.3.4.4 Other types of spacers may be used only with the approval of the
S.O.
6.3.5 Welding of reinforcement
6.3.5.1 Welding workmanship, including welder qualification shall comply

with sub-section 5 of JKR Standard Specification for structural Steel
Work JKR No. 200600-0019-99.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
6.3.5.2 Reinforcement in structures shall not be welded except where

detailed in the Drawings or permitted in this specification.
6.3.5.3 Welding shall be carried out in accordance with BS EN 1011 and BS

EN 60974. Butt welds shall be of the double V type and two butt
weld bond tests shall be carried out on a specimen prepared to
represent each form of the butt welded joint used in welding the
reinforcement and for each position of welding. The method of
making butt weld tests shall be as laid down in BS EN 17637. The
specimen shall pass the test to the approval of the S.O. before using
the joint, which the specimen represents. Welded joints shall not be
made at bends in reinforcement. Unless otherwise approved by the
S.O., joints in parallel bars of the principal tensile reinforcement shall
be staggered in the longitudinal direction at a distance not less than
the end anchorage length for the bar.
6.3.5.4 The S.O. shall be informed in advance of when welding is to be

carried out so that he may supervise and inspect the work. Welding
shall not be performed in the field during rain or other adverse
conditions.
7. Formwork And Surface Finish For Structure
7.1 Design And Construction
7.1.1 Description
7.1.1.1 Formwork shall include all temporary or permanent forms required

for forming the concrete, together with all temporary construction
required for their support.
7.1.1.2 The Contractor is deemed to have made a study of the Drawings at
tender stage and is aware of all areas of construction, requiring
heavy and specially designed propping to provide the support and
the necessary bracing for the stability of such propping.
7.1.1.3 The design and construction of formwork shall be carried out by a

competent person. The Contractor shall identify all critical formwork
design and submit the strength and deflection calculations and
Drawings or the proposed design, certified by a Professional
Engineer to the S.O. for prior approval. Notwithstanding any
approval by the S.O. with respect to the design submitted by the
Contractor, the responsibility or the adequacy and safety of the
design shall remain with the Contractor. The Contractor shall also
appoint a competent formwork coordinator whose duties would be
similar to those outlined in BS 5975.
7.1.1.4 When the use of proprietary type of formwork is proposed by the

Contractor, the design shall be certified by a Professional Engineer.
7.1.1.5 The formwork shall be sufficiently rigid and tight to prevent loss of
grout or mortar from the concrete at all stages of construction and
shall be appropriate for the methods of placing and compacting.
7.1.1.6 Formwork (including supports) shall be sufficiently rigid to maintain

the forms in their correct position, shape, profile and dimensions.
The supports shall be designed to withstand the worst combination
of forces due to self-weight, formwork weight, formwork forces,
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
reinforcement weight, wet concrete weight, construction and wind

loads, together with all incidental dynamic effects caused by placing,
vibrating and compacting the concrete. Guidance on these loadings
is given in The Concrete Society Manual Formwork - Guide to good
practice, and in CIRIA Report 108, Concrete Pressure in Formwork,
and in BS 5975. Vertical propping to formwork shall be carried down
sufficiently far to provide the necessary support without
overstressing the completed concrete structure.
7.1.1.7 Metal ties may only be used with the prior approval of the S.O.
Where metal ties are permitted, the use of storey height steel
soldiers shall be used to reduce the number of tie bolts required. Tie
bolts with rubber or plastic cone against the form face are to be used
to prevent unsightly grout loss. No metal part of any device for
maintaining formwork in the correct location shall remain
permanently within the specified concrete cover to the reinforcement.
Except for ties used for anchoring void formers, all ties shall be at
least 1.2 m apart and through bolts will not be permitted on exposed
form finished faces. All holes left by ties shall be made good within
one day of the removal of the formwork using a mortar of the same
strength as the cast concrete. Metal ties which allow for holes
through the concrete being cast shall not be permitted to be used in
concrete for water-retaining structure, roof slabs and walls.
7.1.1.8 The formwork shall be so arranged as to be readily dismantled and

removed from the cast concrete without shock, disturbance or
damage. Where necessary, the formwork shall be so arranged that
the soffit form, properly supported, can be retained in position for
such period as may be required by the condition of the maturing
concrete or the specification. If a component is to be prestressed
whilst still resting on the soffit form, provision shall be made to allow
for elastic deformation and any variation in weight distribution. As far
as practicable, formwork joints shall coincide with construction joints.
7.1.2 Form lining
7.1.2.1 The type and treatment of any lining (plywood, metal, plastic,
Controlled Permeability Formwork liner, et cetera) of the forms shall
be appropriate to the concrete finish required.
7.1.2.2 The Controlled Permeability Formwork (CPF) liner shall have the
(i) The requirement for a special finish shall be as for traditional

formwork finishes except that the formwork shall be covered by
a CPF liner.
(ii) CPF liner shall be used on all surfaces as detailed on the
Drawings
(iii) The CPF liner shall be a Water Bylaws Scheme - Approved
Product for use with potable water in accordance with BS 6920.
(iv) The CPF liner shall have the following properties:
a) Compression of less than 10% under a pressure 200 kPa.

b) Maximum pore size of less than 0.030 mm.
c) Minimum water retention capacity of 0.35 l/m2.
d) Result in bleed water from the liner which is free from
cement and fine aggregate particles.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
(v) The concrete cast against the CPF liner shall have an even
uniformly textured matt finish and shall be free of blowholes and
other surface blemishes. The use of the CPF liner shall meet
the following performance requirements which should be
demonstrated by the supply of test certificate:
a) The mean surface strength for the CPF cast face shall
exceed that for the control face by at least 70%.
b) The mean 10 minute ISAT result for the CPF cast face shall
be not more than 15% of that for the control face.
c) The mean depth of carbonation for the CPF cast face shall
be not more than 15% of that for the control face.
d) The mean concentration of chlorides at a depth of 11mm
from the CPF cast face shall be not more than 15% of that
for the control face.
(vi) The CPF liner shall be used once only. Release agents shall
not be used with the liner and any residual release agent
remaining on forms from previous use shall be removed.
(vii) To ensure conformity with the performance requirements, the

CPF liner is to be used in accordance with the manufacturer's
technical guidelines.
(viii) The CPF liner shall unless otherwise directed, be left in place
on the concrete after formwork removal for the curing period
specified by the S.O. It shall be kept wet and covered with
plastic sheeting to promote efficient curing.
7.1.3 Projecting reinforcement, fixing devices
Where holes are needed in form to accommodate projecting reinforcement or

fixing devices, care shall be taken to prevent loss of grout when concreting or
damage when removing forms
7.2 Surface Finishes For Concrete
7.2.1 Control of colour
When specified in the Drawings, the Contractor shall obtain each constituent
material from a single consistent source. The aggregates shall be free of any
impurities that may cause staining. The mix proportions and the grading,
particularly of the fine aggregate, shall be maintained constant. The same
type of plywood or timber shall be used in formwork throughout similar
exposed areas.
7.2.2 Formed surfaces
7.2.2.1 Formed concrete surfaces shall have one of the following classes of
finish.
7.2.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, all exposed concrete surfaces shall be of

Class F12, all unexposed surfaces shall be of Class F1. Other
classes of finishes shall be used only where shown on the Drawings:

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
(i) Class F1
This finish shall be obtained by the use of properly designed

forms of closely joined sawn timber or other approved material.
Small blemishes caused by entrapped air or water may be
expected but the surface shall be free from voids and
honeycombing.
(ii) Class F2
This finish shall be obtained by the use of properly designed

forms of closely jointed wrought boards, approved plywood or
other approved material. Only very minor surface blemishes
shall occur, with no staining or discoloration.
(iii) Class F3
a) This finish shall be obtained by the use of properly

designed steel forms or plastic coated plywood or wrought
boards or other approved material.
b) The surface shall be improved by carefully removing all fins

and other projections, thoroughly washing down and then
filling the most noticeable surface blemishes with a cement
and fine aggregate paste to match the colour of the original
concrete. Form release agents shall be carefully chosen to
ensure that the surface shall not be stained or discolored.
After the concrete has been properly cured, the surface
shall be rubbed down where necessary, to produce a
smooth and even surface.
(iv) Class F4
The requirements for Class F4 are as for Class F3 except that

internal ties and embedded metal parts will be permitted. The
ties shall be positioned only in rebates, or in other positions as
shown on the Drawings or as agreed by the S.O.
(v) Class F11
The requirements for Class F11 surface finish are identical to

those for Class F1 except that it shall be achieved using
Controlled Permeability Formliners.
(vi) Class F12

(vii) Class F13


No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
(viii) Class F14

(ix) Class F15
The requirements for Class F15 are as for Class F4 except that
plywood shutters lined with an approved patterned formliner
shall be used to produce a patterned profile finish. Where
possible, full height formliners shall be employed so that no
horizontal joints in the liners are required. Tie holes shall be
spaced so that they occur at overlap joints in the lining sheet.
7.2.3 Unformed surfaces
7.2.3.1 Class U1
The concrete shall be uniformly leveled and screened to produce a

plain, ridged or broom roughened surface. No further work shall be
applied to the surface unless it is used as the first stage for a Class
U2 or Class U3 finish.
7.2.3.2 Class U2
After the concrete has hardened sufficiently, the concrete Class U1

surface shall be floated by hand or machine to produce a uniform
surface free from screed marks.
7.2.3.3 Class U3
When the moisture film has disappeared and the concrete has
hardened sufficiently to prevent laitance from being worked to the
surface, a Class U1 surface shall be steel-trowelled under firm
pressure to produce a dense, smooth uniform surface free from
trowel marks.
7.2.3.4 Class U4
This finish is for surfaces that are to receive waterproofing systems.

The concrete shall be levelled and floated to produce a uniform
surface and immediately before the waterproofing operation this
surface shall be water jetted or grit blasted to provide a lightly
textured finish. The finished surface shall not deviate from the
required profile by more than 5 mm over a 3 m gauge length or have
any abrupt irregularities of more than 3 mm.
7.2.4 Trial panels for exposed form finished surfaces
7.2.4.1 In order to ensure that the specified formed finishes can be obtained
by the method of construction proposed and to provide a standard by
which the finishes in the Works can be assessed, trial panels shall
be cast on Site. These panels shall be subjected to the S.O.'s
approval before similar casting is permitted in the Works.
7.2.4.2 The trial panels shall employ the materials, plant and concrete mix
proposed for the Works. They shall be at least a storey height and 1
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
m wide. They shall be of similar thickness and similarly reinforced as

the elements they represent and shall incorporate all features which
contribute to the final appearance of the Works.
7.3 Preparation Of Forms Before Concreting
7.3.1 Before concreting, all forms shall be thoroughly cleaned out, free from
sawdust shavings, dust, mud or other debris. The inside surfaces of forms
shall, unless otherwise approved by the S.O., be coated with an approved
non-staining form oil or other approved material to prevent adhesion of the
concrete Such release agents shall be applied strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendation and shall not come into contact with the
reinforcement or prestressing tendons and anchorages. For any exposed
surface only one release agent shall be used throughout the entire area.
7.3.2 All formwork shall be inspected by the S.O. after preparation and immediately
prior to depositing concrete and no concrete shall be deposited until approval
of the formwork has been obtained
7.4 Removal Of Forms
7.4.1 The Contractor shall inform the S.O. and obtain his approval before striking
any formwork, but such approval shall not relieve the Contractor of his
responsibilities for the safety of the work.
7.4.2 Formwork shall be removed without such shock or vibration as would damage
the concrete. A period of time shall elapse between the placing of the
concrete and the removal of the formwork for various parts of the structure so
as to suit the requirements for its curing.
7.4.3 The minimum periods between concreting and the removal of forms are given
in TABLE D18. The periods stated in this table are based on the use of
Ordinary Portland Cement. They may be changed with the approval of the
S.O., if other types of cement as described in sub-section 2.1, admixtures as
described in sub-section 2.4 are used. The result of the compressive strength
obtained from cube strength at 7 days as described in sub-section 4.4.2.2
may also be used for early removal of forms provided always the Contractor
provide proof of calculation to the S.O for approval.
7.4.4 For prestressed in-situ components, temporary supports shall not be removed
until the components is stressed to the approval of the S.O.
7.4.5 Where it is intended that forms are to be reused, they shall be cleaned and
made good to the approval of the S.O.
7.4.6 Following the removal of forms, no further loads shall be imposed upon the
concrete until at least after the completion of the curing period or until such
later time as in the opinion of the S.O. the concrete shall have attained
sufficient strength to safely withstand such loads. Full design loads shall not
be applied to any structure until all load bearing concrete is at least 28 days
old.
7.5 Inspection And Making Good
7.5.1 The surface of the concrete shall be inspected for defects and for conformity
to the surface finish specified and where appropriate, with approved sample
finishes.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
7.5.2 Subject to the strength and durability of the concrete being unimpaired, the
making good of surface defects may be permitted but the level of acceptance
shall be appropriate to the type and quality of the finish specified and ensure
satisfactory permanence and durability.
7.5.3 Any remedial treatment of surfaces shall be approved by the S.O. following
inspection immediately after removing the formwork and shall be carried out
without delay.
8. Mass And Lean Concrete
Mass and lean concrete shall consist of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate in
the nominal ratio by volume of 1:3:6 and 1:4:8 respectively. However where a denser and
more workable concrete can be produced by a variation in the ratio of the fine aggregate to
that of coarse aggregate, this ratio may be varied within the limits (1:1½) and (1:3),
provided that the volumes of fine and coarse aggregate, each measured separately, shall
nevertheless equal the sum of the volumes of fine and coarse aggregate appropriate to the
nominal mix. The concrete shall be mixed as described for reinforced concrete.
9. Building Accuracy
After removal of formwork, the Contractor shall take measurements as directed by the S.O.
to check the deviation of the reinforced concrete works from specified dimensions shown
on the Drawings. All measurements shall be recorded and submitted to the S.O. Any
deviation in building accuracy shall comply with BS EN 13670.
10. Apparatus
10.1 The Contractor shall provide the following apparatus for use on the Site at all times:
(i) Concrete slump test apparatus or flow test apparatus complying with MS 26. One
set of the apparatus shall be provided for each concreting location.
(ii) At least twelve (12) numbers of steel or cast iron moulds for casting 150 mm
concrete test cubes and six (6) numbers of 100 mm mortar or grout test cube
moulds complete with tamping bars and base plates in accordance with MS 26.
A minimum number shall be provided such that no stripping of cubes is required
prior to 24 hours setting and hardening period.
(iii) Three (3) measuring cylinders of 250 ml capacity, graduated to measure to the
nearest 2.0 ml., for determination of silt content (field setting method).
(iv) An approved apparatus for measuring moisture content in fine aggregate.
(v) One (1) electronic calculator with statistical functions.
(vi) One (1) 300 mm steel rule.
(vii) One (1) set of sieves in compliance with BS 410.
(viii) Scale or balance 25 kg maximum capacity and weights.
(ix) Trowel, shovel, spanner and other tools
11. Precast Concrete Construction
11.1 Manufacture Off Site
11.1.1 After the method of manufacture has been approved, no changes shall be
made without the approval of the S.O.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
11.1.2 The Contractor shall inform the S.O. in advance of the date of
commencement of manufacture and casting of each type of precast concrete
component.
11.1.3 When the S.O. requires tests to be carried out, none of the precast concrete
components to which the tests relate shall be dispatched to the site until the
tests have been completed and the results approved by the S.O.
11.1.4 All precast concrete components shall be indelibly marked to show the
identification marking as specified in the Drawings, the production batch
on which they were manufactured and the date on which the concrete was
cast. If the components are symmetrical, the face that will be uppermost
when the member is in its correct position in the work shall be clearly
identified.
11.2 Storage
11.2.1 When the precast concrete components are stored, they shall be firmly
supported only at the points specified in the Drawings. No accumulation
of trapped water and deleterious matter shall be allowed in the components.
Care shall be taken to avoid rust staining and efflorescence.
11.2.2 The precast concrete components shall be stacked in such a manner that
their removal in correct order of age is facilitated.
11.3 Handling And Transport
The precast concrete components shall be lifted only at points specified in the
Drawings or otherwise approved by the S.O. and shall be handled and placed without
impact. The method of lifting, the type of equipment and transport to be used, and the
minimum age of the components to be handled shall be to the approval of the S.O.
11.4 Assembly And Erection
11.4.1 The method of assembly and erection specified in the Drawings shall be
strictly adhered to on site.
11.4.2 Immediately a unit of precast concrete component is in position, and before

the lifting equipment is removed, temporary supports or connections between
components as necessary, shall be provided. The final structural connections
shall be completed as soon as is practicable.
11.5 Forming Structural Connections
11.5.1 For structural purposes, cement mortar shall compose of one (1) part of
cement to one (1) part of sand (1:1), mixed with water so that the free water:
cement ratio does not exceed 0.4 by weight and cement grout shall have a
water: cement ratio between 0.4 and 0.6, or such other proportions as shall be
11.5.2 No structural connections shall be made until approval has been given by the
S.O.
11.5.3 Unless otherwise approved by the S.O., the composition and the free water:
cement ratio of the in-situ concrete or mortar used in any connection and the
packing of joints shall be in accordance with the assembly instructions.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
11.5.4 Levelling devices shall be released or removed only with the approval of the
S.O.
11.5.5 Non load bearing joints between precast concrete components and adjoining
structures shall be filled with appropriate grout and/or mortar protected by
proprietary sealants and backing rod. They shall be waterproof.
11.5.6 Load bearing joints and connection shall be grouted, mortar packed or
concreted. The respective mix design shall be free of lime and chloride. They
shall be durable, waterproof, non-shrink and possess strength higher than that
of precast concrete. Curing for at least three (3) days shall be provided.
Designed mixes shall be submitted to the S.O. for approval.
11.5.7 The method of sampling and testing of grout and mortar shall be carried out
according to MS 26. The compressive strength shall be determined by
crushing test on 100 mm cubes. For each casting day and for each grade of
grout and mortar, three samples shall be taken from three (3) separate
batches. Two (2) cubes shall be cast from each sample for testing at seven
(7) and 28 days. The appropriate strength requirement shall be considered
to be satisfied if the average strength is greater than the specified
characteristic strength.
11.6 Protection
At all stages of construction, precast concrete components and other concrete

associated therewith shall be properly protected to prevent damage to permanently
exposed surfaces, especially arises and other decorative features.
12. Other Concrete Works
12.1 Foundation
12.1.1 All reinforced concrete footings and pile caps shall be constructed according
to the Drawings and to the exact depths required. The Contractor shall supply,
maintain and remove any necessary planking and strutting, sheet piling and
coffer dams, and shall by pumping or other approved means keep the
excavation free from water.
12.1.2 The bottom of excavation shall be cleaned or if in loose or disturbed ground

shall be well rammed, and the whole shall be approved before it is covered
with a blinding layer of lean concrete not less than 50 mm thick. The required
cover of concrete under the reinforcement shall be entirely above the blinding
layer.
12.2 Pile Caps
12.2.1 Before commencing to construct pile caps, the Contractor shall check and
verify the eccentricities and the cut-off levels of all piling works in the ground
are as provided in the Drawings, and shall notify the S.O. in the event of any
discrepancy.
12.2.2 The Contractor shall straighten the steel reinforcement projecting above the
piles for anchoring pile caps, carry out excavation, erect formwork and
temporary timbering for the construction of pile caps and ground beams.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
12.3 Lift Pits And Shafts
12.3.1 For lift pits below ground level, the concrete in the base slab and walls shall
be of reinforced concrete with minimum cement content and maximum free
water: cement ratio in accordance with the exposure XC3 in TABLE D6 and
shall be constructed in operations which shall ensure water tightness in the
structure below the ground level.
12.3.2 All external or internal wall surfaces of lift pits shall be waterproofed with three
(3) coats of bitumen solution complying with BS 3416 or any other type of
waterproofing material as approved by the S.O. The concrete surface shall be
thoroughly cleaned and dried before application of the waterproofing material.
12.3.3 Lift shaft enclosures shall be made of reinforced concrete on all sides and
constructed using steel formwork to ensure the accuracy of the structure in
terms of verticality, shape, profile and dimensions. Refer to FIGURE D1.
12.3.4 All the inner surfaces of a lift shaft enclosure shall form a continuous flush
surface without projection or recesses. Refer to FIGURE D1.
12.3.5 The lift shaft shall have a high degree of verticality. The limit of accuracy of
shaft plumb for the full stretch of the lift shaft shall not exceed ±30 mm. Refer
to FIGURE D2.
12.3.6 The structural openings shall be vertically aligned one above the other for the
full travel of the lift.
12.3.7 The structural opening shall be accurate to the specified dimensions.

Deviations from the specified dimensions shall not exceed +12.5mm, -0mm.
Refer to FIGURE D3.
FIGURE D1: LIFT SHAFT ENCLOSURE
Reinforced concrete
enclosure on all sides
Firemen’s All inner surfaces

Lift shall be continuously flush

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
FIGURE D2: LIMIT OF ACCURACY OF SHAFT PLUMB ON ALL SIDES OF SHAFT

ENCLOSURE
Wd
k k
*k = + 30 mm,
- 30 mm
Highest Floor Wd = Well Depth
Lowest Floor
FIGURE D3: ACCURACY OF STRUCTURAL OPENING
Structural Structural
Opening Opening
Floor
Level Landing Door
x x
x = + 12.5 mm, - 0 mm

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
12.4 Floors
12.4.1 After initial set, the upper surface of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete floors
shall be trowelled smooth with a steel float to true level and even surface. No
screeding of any kind shall be applied to the floor slabs except where
specified. Care shall be taken to ensure that the steel reinforcement is not
displaced or lowered during trowelling.
12.4.2 For areas, which are to receive rendering or other finishes, the fresh concrete
shall be trowelled to true level or as required using a long timber trowel.
Before it hardens it shall be brushed with a stiff broom in one direction to give
a rough and tidy surface.
12.4.3 The reinforced concrete ground floor slab shall not be laid directly onto earth
surfaces. A blinding layer of 50 mm minimum thick of lean concrete as
specified in sub-section 9.0 shall be laid on well prepared firm ground. Plastic
sheeting or other suitable material with sufficient overlaps at joints, shall be
laid on the blinding layer before any reinforcement is placed in position.
12.5 Toilet Floors
12.5.1 The Contractor shall ensure that all suspended floor for toilet areas are
constructed to be watertight and leak proof. All construction method or
alternative details proposed by the Contractor must be based on his
acceptance of and compliance with the requirements for watertightness. The
Contractor shall ensure that holes and fixings are properly constructed.
12.5.2 The floor must be concreted in one sequence of operation. No construction

joints for toilet floor are to be allowed. All pipes and fittings encased in the
concrete floor shall be provided with sleeves to the approval of the S.O and
shall be built in-situ. No holes shall be left for later incorporation of fittings and
no subsequent hacking of floor shall be made. Notwithstanding whatever
shown on the Drawings, all toilet floor slabs shall have a minimum thickness
of 150 mm.
12.5.3 Testing for watertightness
The toilet floor areas should be ponded with water continuously over a period
of 7 days. During this period the exposed soffit shall show no signs of leakage
and remain dry. If any area is found not to be watertight, the Contractor must
repair at his own expense.
12.6 Roofs
12.6.1 Reinforced concrete roofs shall be constructed to fall as shown on the

Drawings and finished with steel trowelling, leaving the surface smooth and
free from mortar droppings.
12.6.2 The base slab shall be concreted as described for concrete generally,
ensuring thorough compactions by the use of a pan vibrator or a vibrating
screen. Concrete shall be poured continuously between pre-determined
construction joints as decided by the S.O., or as shown on the Drawings.
Expansion joints, where applicable, shall be allowed and constructed exactly
as indicated in the Drawings.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
12.6.3 Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, waterproofing screed

to reinforced concrete flat roof shall consist of a 32 mm thick screed
reinforced with temperature steel.
12.6.4 The waterproofing screed shall consist of one (1) part of cement and three (3)
parts of clean well-graded sand (1:3), and shall be mixed with an approved
waterproofing agent and approved plasticizer in the proportion recommended
by the manufacturer.
12.6.5 The temperature steel shall consist of a mesh 6 mm diameter mild steel bars
at 150 mm centers each way, or alternatively steel fabric of MS 145. The
temperature steel shall be placed directly on top of the base slab, and a
minimum cover of 19 mm to top bars of the temperature steel shall be
maintained.
12.6.6 The screed shall be laid after the base slab concrete has sufficiently hardened
but not later than 36 hours after the concreting of the base slab, to obtain a
thorough bond between the screed and the base slab. The surface shall be
finished with a wood float, and followed by a steel trowel to a smooth finish.
12.6.7 Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, joints in the screed
shall be allowed and located over the main roof beams and shall be filled with
approved bituminous compound as soon as possible.
12.6.8 After the screed has been placed, the full area shall be properly protected and
cured for a period of at least seven (7) days. Alternatively as soon as the
screed has sufficiently hardened to withstand a man's weight without marking,
an approved plastic sealing agent shall be sprayed in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendation.
12.7 Drips
Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or directed by the S.O., a 15mm wide drip
shall be formed along edges of soffits to concrete roof slabs, hoods, undersides of
balconies, cantilevered beams and slabs and other parts of building where rain water
is likely to adhere in drops.
12.8 Refuse Chutes
Where shown on the Drawings, all cast-in-situ reinforced concrete refuse chutes shall
be constructed without bolt holes made through the chute walls. If such holes are
unavoidable then they shall be completely grouted with cement mortar as specified in
sub-section 6.2 or sealed and waterproofed by other means to prevent leakage to the
approval of the S.O. Frames which shall not be of asbestos cement, shall be cast into
refuse chute walls for fixing chute hoppers. Such frames shall be obtained from the
same supplier of chute hoppers.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
TABLE D1 : COMPOSITION OF COMMON CEMENTS

a)
Composition [percentage by mass ]
Main constituents
Minor additional
Pozzolano Fly ash
constituents
Blast-furnace
Burnt shale
Silica fume
Notation of 27 products
Limestone
calcareous
Clinker
siliceous
Main (types of common
slag
Natural
Natural
calcine
cement)
b)
K S D P Q V W T L LL
CEM Portland 95 - 0-
CEM I - - - - - - - - -
I cement 100 5
CEM II 80 - 6- 0-
- - - - - - - -
Portland- /A-S 94 20 5
slag cement CEM II 65 - 21 - 0-
- - - - - - - -
/B-S 79 35 5
Portland-
CEM II 90 - 6- 0-
silica fume - - - - - - - -
/A-D 94 10 5
cement
CEM II 80 - - - 6– - - - - - - 0-
/A-P 94 20 5
Portland CEM II 65 - 21 - 0-
- - - - - - - -
types - /B-P 79 35 5
pozzolana CEM II 80 - 6- 0-
- - - - - - - -
cement /A-Q 94 20 5
CEM II 65 - 21 - 0-
- - - - - - - -
/B-Q 79 35 5
CEM II 80 - 6- 0-
- - - - - - - -
/A-V 94 20 5
CEM II 65 - - - - - 21 - - - - - 0-
Portland-fly /B-V 79 35 5
CEM ash cement
II CEM II 80 - 6- 0-
- - - - - - - -
/A-W 94 20 5
CEM II 65 - - - - - - 21 - - - - 0-
/B-W 79 35 5
CEM II 80 - - - - - - - 6- - - 0-
Portland-
/A-T 94 20 5
burnt shale
CEM II 65 - 21 - 0-
cement - - - - - - - -
/B-T 79 35 5
CEM II 80 - 6- 0-
- - - - - - - -
/A-L 94 20 5
CEM II 65 - 21 - 0-
Portland- - - - - - - - -
/B-L 79 35 5
limestone
CEM II 80 - 6- 0-
cement - - - - - - - -
/A-LL 94 20 5
CEM II 65 - 21 - 0-
- - - - - - - -
/B-LL 79 35 5
CEM II 80 - 6 to 20 0-
Portland-
/A-M 94 5
composite
c) CEM II 65 - 21 to 25 0-
cement
/B-M 79 5
CEM III 35 - 36 - - - - - - - - - 0-
/A 64 65 5
Blast-
CEM CEM III 20 - 66 – - - - - - - - - 0-
furnace
III /B 34 80 5
cement
CEM III 81 – - - - - - - - - 0-
5 - 19
/C 95 5
CEM IV 65 - 11 to 35 - - - 0-
CEM Pozzolanic /A 89 5
c)
IV cement CEM IV 45 - 36 to 66 - - - 0-
/B 64 5
CEM V 40 - 18 – - 18 to 30 - - - 0-
-
CEM Composite /A 64 30 5
c)
V cement CEM V 20 - 31 - - 31 to 50 - - - 0-
-
/B 38 50 5
a)
The values in the table refer to the sum of the main and minor additional constituents
b)
The proportion of silica fume is limited to 10%
c)
In Portland –composite cements CEM II/A-M and CEM II/B-M, in Pozzolanic cements CEM IV/A and CEM IV/B and in composite
cements CEM V/A and CEM V/B the main constituents other than clinker shall be declared by designation of the cement

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
TABLE D2 : TESTING OF AGGREGATES
Type of Test
Properties Limits
Aggregate Methods
Grading Both MS30 Table 3 and Table 4
Elongation Index Coarse MS30 Not exceeding 30%
Flakiness Index Coarse MS30 Not exceeding 35%
Water Absorption Both MS30 Not exceeding 8%
Clay Lumps Coarse MS30 Not exceeding 1% by weight
Clay, Silt and Dust Fine MS30 Not exceeding 3% by weight or 8% by vol.
Organic Impurities Fine MS30 Not exceeding 0.4%
Aggregate
Coarse MS30 Not exceeding 40%
Crushing Value
Loss in mass after 5 cycles shall not be more
MS30 than 12% for sodium sulphate or 18% for
Soundness Test Coarse
magnesium sulphate.
Not exceeding 0.06% by weight of chloride
Chloride Content Both MS30
ions
Sulphate Content Both MS30 Not exceeding 0.44% by weight of SO3
TABLE D3 : GRADING FOR COARSE AGGREGATE
Percentage by mass passing BS 410 sieve for nominal sizes

Graded Aggregates Single-sized Aggregate
Sieve size
40 mm to 20 mm to 14 mm to
(BS410) 40 mm 20 mm 10 mm
5 mm 5 mm 5 mm
50.0 mm 100 - - 100 - -
37.5 mm 90 to 100 100 - 85 to 100 100 -
20.0 mm 35 to 70 90 to 100 100 0 to 25 85 to 100 -
14.0 mm 25 to 55 40 to 80 90 to 100 - 0 to 70 100
10.0 mm 10 to 40 30 to 60 50 to 85 0 to 5 0 to 25 85 to 100
5.0 mm 0 to 5 0 to 10 0 to 10 - 0 to 5 0 to 25
2.36 mm - - - - - 0 to 5
TABLE D3A : GRADING FOR FINE AGGREGATE
Sieve Percentage by mass passing BS 410 sieve

size Additional limits for grading
Overall Limits
(BS410) C *M F
10.0 mm 100 - - -
5.0 mm 80 to 100 - - -
2.36 mm 60 to 100 60 to 100 65 to 100 80 to 100
1.18 mm 30 to 100 30 to 90 45 to 100 70 to 100
600 μm 15 to 100 15 to 45 25 to 80 55 to 100
300 μm 5 to 70 5 to 40 5 to 48 5 to 70
150 μm 0 to 15# - - -
# Increase to 20% for crushed rock fines, except when they are used for heavy-duty floors.
* For prescribed mix only Grading Limit M is applicable. See also sub-section 2.2.3(b)
Individual sands may comply with the requirements of more than one grading. Alternatively some
NOTE: sands which satisfy the overall limits but may not fall within any one of the additional limit C, M or F
may also be used provided that the supplier can satisfy the S.O that such materials can produce
concrete of the required quality.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
TABLE D4 : ADMIXTURE ACCEPTANCE TEST REQUIREMENTS
Stiffening Time Minimum

Length change,
Time from completion of Strength as a
Age Maximum
Categories of mixing to reach a percentage of
Water shrinkage
Admixture resistance to penetration of:- the control
Reduction mix
0.5N 3.5N 27.5 % of
Compressive Increase
/mm² /mm² /mm² control
Within
At
1hr.and
least
3hrs. 125 24 hrs.
Type 1: 1hr.
More earlier 125 3 days
Accelerator earlier
- than than 100 7 days
than 135 0.010
1hr. control 100 28 days
control
mix
mix
Within Not
1hr.and more
At least
3hrs. than 90
Type 2: 1hr.later 3 days
later 3hrs. 90
Retarder than 7 days
- than later 95
control 28 days 135 0.010
control than
mix
mix control
mix
Within + Within + Within

Type 3:
1hr. 1hr. + 1hr. 110
Normal 3 days
At least and - and - and - 110
water- 7 days
5% 1hr.of 1hr.of 1hr.of 110 0.010
reducing 28 days 135
control control control
mix mix mix
Within At
Type 4: 1hr.and least
125 24 hrs.
Accelerating More 3hrs. 1hr.
125 3 days
water- At least than earlier earlier
100 7 days 0.010
reducing 5% 1hr. than than 135
100 28 days
control control
mix mix
Not
Within
Type 5: more
At least 1hr.and
Retarding than 110
1hr.later 3hrs. 3 days
water- 3hrs. 110
At least than earlier 7 days
reducing later 110
5% control than 28 days 135 0.010
than
mix control
control
mix
mix

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
TABLE D5 : PRESCRIBED MIXES FOR GENERAL USE PER CUBIC METER OF

CONCRETE BY WEIGHT BATCHING
Nominal Max.Size of Aggregate (mm) 20 Max

28-day
Workability Medium High free
Grades of Strength of
water:
Concrete Concrete
Consistence 25 - 75 75 – 125 cement
(N/mm2)
ratios
CEM I (kg)
Total 280 310
15P 15 aggregate(kg) 1800 1750 0.6
*Fine aggregate 35 - 50 35 - 50
(%)
CEM I (kg)
Total 320 350
20P 20 aggregate(kg) 1800 1750 0.55
(%)
CEM I (kg)
Total 360 390
25P 25 aggregate(kg) 1750 1700 0.5
(%)
CEM I (kg)
Total 400 430
30P 30 aggregate(kg) 1700 1650 0.45
*Fine aggregate 25 - 40 30 – 45
(%)
*Fine aggregate is expressed as a percentage by weight to the total weight of the dry aggregate
TABLE D5A : PROPORTIONS AND STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESCRIBED

MIXES BY VOLUME BATCHING
Cubic Meters of
Strength
Aggregate Per 50 Max.
Quantity of Concrete
Slump kg of CEM I Free
Proportion Of
Limits Water:
(Grade) Water
(mm) Cement At 7 At 28
Coarse (Litres)
Fine Ratio Days Days
(20mm)
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
1:1:2(30P) 25 - 50 0.035 0.07 0.45 22.5 20 30
1:1.5:3(25P) 25 - 50 0.05 0.1 0.5 25 17 25
1:2:4(20P) 25 - 50 0.07 0.14 0.55 - 0.6 27.5 - 30 14 20
1:3:6(15P) 25 - 50 0.10 0.20 0.6 30# 11 15
# or as approved by S.O.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
TABLE D6 : DURABILITY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REINFORCED OR PRESTRESSED

ELEMENTS WITH AN INTENDED WORKING LIFE OF AT LEAST 50 YEARS
Nominal Compressive strength class where recommended, maximum water-cement ratio and minimum Cement/
cover b) cement or combination content for normal-weight concretec) with 20mm maximum aggregate sized) combination
mm types
15 +c 20+c 25+c 30+c 35+c 40+c 45+c 50+c
Corrosion induced by carbonation (XC exposure classes)
C20/25 C20/25 C20/25 C20/25 C20/25 C20/25 C20/25 C20/25

XC 1 All in Table D1
0.70 240 0.70 240 0.70 240 0.70 240 0.70 240 0.70 240 0.70 240 0.70 240
C25/30 C25/30 C25/30 C25/30 C25/30 C25/30

XC2 - - All in Table D1
0.65 260 0.65 260 0.65 260 0.65 260 0.65 260 0.65 260
C30/37 C28/35 C25/30 C25/30 C25/30 C25/30

C40/50 All in Table D1
0.55 300 0.60 280 0.65 260 0.65 260 0.65 260 0.65 260
XC3 - 0.45 340 except IVB-V
C40/50 C30/37 C28/35 C25/30 C25/30 C25/30
- IVB_V
0.45 340 0.55 300 0.60 280 0.65 260 0.65 260 0.65 260
Corrosion induced by chlorides (XS from sea water, XD other than sea water)
Also adequate for any associated carbonation induced corrosion (XC)
C40/50 C32/40 C28/35 C28/35 C28/35 C28/35

XD1 - - All in Table D1
0.45 360 0.55 320 0.60 300 0.60 300 0.60 300 0.60 300
C45/5 C35/45 C32/40 C32/40 C32/40 CEM I,IIA,IIB-

- - -
0.35 380 0.45 360 0.50 340 0.50 340 0.50 340 S, SRPC
C40/50 C32/40 C28/35 C25/30 C25/30 IIB-V, IIIA
- - -
0.35 380 0.45 360 0.50 340 0.55 320 0.55 320
XS1
C32/40 C25/30 C25/30 C25/30 C25/30 IIIB
- - -
0.40 380 0.50 340 0.50 340 0.55 320 0.55 320
C32/40 C28/35 C25/30 C25/30 C25/30 IVB-V
- - -
0.40 380 0.50 340 0.50 340 0.55 320 0.55 320
C40/50 C32/40 C28/35 C28/35 C28/35 CEM I, IIA, IIB-

- - -
0.40 380 0.50 340 0.55 320 0.55 320 0.55 320 S, SRPC
XD2 or C35/45 C28/35 C25/30 C25/30 C25/30 IIB-V, IIIA
- - -
XS2 0.40 380 0.50 340 0.55 320 0.55 320 0.55 320
C32/40 C25/30 C20/25 C20/25 C20/25 IIIB, IVB-V
- - -
0.40 380 0.50 340 0.55 320 0.55 320 0.55 320
- - C45/55 C40/50 C35/45 CEM I, IIA, IIB-

- - -
0.35 380 0.40 380 0.45 360 S, SRPC
- - C35/45 C32/40 C28/35 IIB-V, IIIA
XD3 - - -
0.40 380 0.45 360 0.50 340
- - C32/40 C28/35 C25/30 IIIB, IVB-V
- - -
0.40 380 0.45 360 0.50 340
- C45/55 C40/50 CEM I, IIA, IIB-

- - - - -
0.35 380 0.40 380 S, SRPC
C35/45 C32/40 C28/35 IIB-V, IIIA
XS3 - - - - -
0.40 380 0.45 360 0.50 340
C32/40 C28/35 C25/30 IIIB, IVB-V
- - - - -
0.40 380 0.45 360 0.50 340

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
TABLE D6A: MINIMUM CEMENT CONTENT FOR MAXIMUM AGGREGATE SIZES OTHER
THAN 20 MM
Maximum aggregate
Limiting values given for 20 mm maximum aggregate size
size
Minimum cement or combination content > 40 14 10
Maximum w/c ratio
Kg/m3 mm mm mm
0.70 240 240 260 280
0.65 260 240 280 300
0.60 280 260 300 320
300 280 320 340
0.55
320 300 340 360
320 300 340 360
0.50
340 320 360 380
340 320 360 360
0.45
360 340 380 380
0.40 380 360 380 380
0.35 380 380 380 380
TABLE D7: SLUMP CLASSES
Class Slump in mm
S1 10 to 40
S2 50 to 90
S3 100 to 150
S4 160 to 210
S5 ≥ 220
TABLE D7A: COMPACTION CLASSES
Class Degree Of Compactibility

C0 ≥ 1.46
C1 1.45 to 1.26
C2 1.25 to 1.11
C3 1.10 to 1.04
TABLE D7B: VEBE CLASSES
Class Vebe Time In Seconds

V0 ≥31
V1 30 to 21
V2 20 to 11
V3 10 to 6
V4 5 to 3
TABLE D7C: FLOW CLASSES
Class Flow Diameter In mm

F1 ≤ 340
F2 350 to 410
F3 420 to 480
F4 490 to 550
F5 560 to 620
F6 ≥ 630
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
TABLE D7D: CONSISTENCE SUITABLE FOR DIFFERENT USES OF IN-SITU CONCRETE
Consistence class
Use of concrete Form of compaction Normal-weight Lightweight
concrete concrete
Kerb bedding and braking Tamping S1 -
Floors and hand placed Poker or beam S2 S2
pavements vibration
Strip footings S3 -
Mass concrete foundations S3 -
Blinding Poker or beam S3 -
Normal reinforced concrete in vibration and/or S3 S3
slabs, beams, walls and columns tamping
Sliding formwork construction S3 S2
Pumped concrete S3 F5
Vacuum processed concrete S3 S3
Trench fill Self-weight S4 -
In-situ piling compaction S4 -
TABLE D7E: MAXIMUM TOTAL CHLORIDE
Maximum Total Percentage of

Type or Use of Concrete
Chloride Ions by Mass of Cement
Concrete containing embedded metal and made with
0.4
cement complying with MS522
Prestressed Concrete and Heat-Cured Concrete
0.1
containing embedded metal
Plain, non-structural concrete No limit
Notes on Table 7:-
(1)% Chloride ions x 1.648 = % equivalent sodium chlorides.
(2)% Chloride ions x 1.56 = % equivalent anhydrous calcium chlorides.
TABLE D8 : COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH CLASSES FOR NORMAL WEIGHT AND HEAVY

WEIGHT CONCRETE
Minimum characteristic cylinder Minimum characteristic cube

Compressive strength strength
strength class ƒ ck,cyl ƒ ck,CUBE
N/mm2 N/mm2
C8/10 8 10
C12/15 12 15
C16/20 16 20
C20/25 20 25
C25/30 25 30
C30/37 30 37
C35/45 35 45
C40/50 40 50
C45/55 45 55
C50/60 50 60
C55/67 55 67
C60/75 60 75
C70/85 70 85
C80/95 80 95
C90/105 90 105
C100/115 100 115

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
TABLE D9 : COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH CLASSES FOR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE
Minimum characteristic cylinder Minimum characteristic

Compressive strength cube strength
strength class ƒ ck,cyl ƒ ck,CUBE
N/mm2 N/mm2
LC8/9 8 9
LC12/13 12 13
LC16/18 16 18
LC20/22 20 22
LC25/28 25 28
LC30/33 30 33
LC35/38 35 38
LC40/44 40 44
LC45/50 45 50
LC50/55 50 55
LC55/60 55 60
LC60/66 60 66
LC70/77 70 77
LC80/88 80 88
Other values may be used if the relationship between these and the reference cylinder
strength is established with sufficient accuracy and is documented.
TABLE D10 : MINIMUM RATE OF SAMPLING FOR ASSESSING CONFORMITY
Production Minimum rate of sampling for assessing conformity

First 50m3 Subsequent to first 50m3 of productiona
of Concrete with production Concrete without
production control certification production control
certification
Initial (until at least
3 samples 1/200m3 or 2/production 1/150m3 or 1/production
35 test results are week day
obtained)
Continuousb (when 1/400m3 or 1/production
at least 35 test week
results are
available)
a
Sampling shall be distributed throughout the production and should not be more than 1
sample within each 25 m3
b
Where the standard deviation of the last 15 results exceeds 1,37, the sampling rate
shall be increased to that required for initial production for the next 35 test results
TABLE D11 : CONFORMITY CRITERIA FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Number n of test Criterion 1 Criterion 2

results for
Mean of n results (ƒ
Production compressive Any individual test result (ƒcl)
cm)
strength in the N/mm2
N/mm2
group
Initial 3 ≥ ƒ ck +4 ≥ ƒ ck ―4
Continuous 15 ≥ ƒ ck +1,48 ≥ ƒ ck ― 4

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
TABLE D12 : COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESCRIBED MIX
28-day Strength of Cube Strength at 7 Average Cube Strength

Grades of
Concrete Days* at 28 Days*
Concrete
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2
20P 20.0 14 20.0
25P 25.0 17 25.0
30P 30.0 20 30.0
*Only for CEM1
TABLE D13 : IDENTITY CRITERIA FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Criterion 1 Criterion2
Number n of test results for
Any individual test result
compressive strength from the Mean of n results (ƒ cm)
(ƒcl)
defined volume of concrete N/mm2
N/mm2
1 Not applicable ≥ ƒ ck – 4
2-4 ≥ ƒ ck +1 ≥ ƒ ck – 4
5-6 ≥ ƒ ck +2 ≥ ƒ ck – 4
NOTE: The identity criteria of table 13 give probability that a conforming concrete volume is rejected.
TABLE D14 : IDENTITY CRITERIA FOR SLUMP SPECIFIED AS A SLUMP CLASS
Requirement
Specified
For composite samples taken in For spot samples taken from initial
Slump
accordance with BS EN 12350-1 discharge
Class
Not less than Not more then Not less than Not more than
S1 0 60 0 70
S2 40 110 30 120
S3 90 170 80 180
S4 150 230 140 240
S5 210 - 200 -
NOTE : Dimension in millimeters
TABLE D15 : IDENTITY CRITERIA FOR SLUMP SPECIFIED AS A TARGET VALUE
Tolerance
Specified Target
For composite samples taken in For spot samples taken from
Slump
accordance with BS EN 12350-1 initial discharged
≤40 -20, +30 -30, +40
50 to 90 -30, +40 -40, +50
≥100 -40, +50 -50, +60

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
TABLE D16 : RECORDED DATA AND OTHER DOCUMENTS
Subject Recorded data and other documents
Cements, aggregates,
Name of suppliers
admixture, additions
Tests on mixing water (not
Date and place of sampling. Test results
required for potable water)
Test on constituent materials Date and test results
Concrete description
Record of masses of constituents in batch or load
Composition of concrete
Water/cement ratio
Chloride content
Date and place of sampling
Location in structure
Consistence (slump or other methods)
Density
Tests on fresh concrete Concrete temperature
Air content
Volume of concrete batch or load tested
Number and codes of specimens to be tested
Water/cement ratio
Date of testing
Code and ages of specimens
Tests on hardened concrete
Test results for density and strength
Special remarks (e.g. unusual failure pattern of specimen)
Evaluation of conformity Conformity/non-conformity with specifications
Location of work
Additionally for ready mixed
Numbers and dates of delivery tickets related to tests
concrete
Delivery tickets
TABLE D17 : CHARACTERISTIC STRENGTH OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Specified Characteristic
Type Nominal Sizes (mm)
Strength, fy (N/mm2)
Hot rolled grade 250 (MS 146) All sizes 250
Hot rolled grade 460 (MS 146) All sizes 460
Cold worked (BS 4461) All sizes 460
Hard drawn steel wire (MS 144) Up to and including 12 485
TABLE D18 : MINIMUM PERIODS BETWEEN CONCRETING AND REMOVAL OF FORMS
Vertical faces of beams, wall, columns, piles, foundation plinths and precast
3 days
components
Slabs (props left under) 4 days
Removal of props to slab 10 days
Beam soffits (props left under) 8 days
Removal of props to beams 21 days
Note: This table is applicable only for CEM1 cement. Where other types of cement, admixtures or
additional material are to be used, the minimum periods between concreting and removal of forms shall
be as approved by the S.O.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION E : NON-STRUCTURAL WALL SYSTEM
PAGE
1. General E/1
2. Bricks and Blocks E/3
3. Walling E/4

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
SECTION E : NON-STRUCTURAL
No. Pindaan : 00
WALL SYSTEM
JKR MALAYSIA Muka Surat : E/1
1. General
1.1 Cement
The cement, unless otherwise described, shall be CEM 1 complying with MS EN

197-1 and as specified under SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS.
1.2 Sand
Sand for mortar shall comply with MS EN 12620 and as specified in SECTION D:
CONCRETE WORKS.
1.3 Mortar
1.3.1 Mortar shall consist of one (1) part of cement to six (6) parts of sand, with
the addition of an approved mortar plasticizer used strictly in accordance
with manufacturer’s recommendation. The ingredients for mortar shall be
measured in proper gauge boxes and shall be mixed on a clean boarded
platform or in an approved mechanical batch mixer.
1.3.2 All mortar shall be used within forty five (45) minutes of mixing and no
remaking up of mortar shall be permitted thereafter.
1.3.3 Mortar for brickwork below damp proof course or ground floor level shall be
in the proportion of one part of cement and three parts of sand.
1.4 Damp Proof Course
1.4.1 Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, bituminous damp proof courses
shall comply with BS 8215: Code of practice for design and installation of
damp-proof courses in masonry construction. The bitumen damp proof
membrane shall be two (2) ply with a nominal mass of 1840 g/m².
1.4.2 Bitumen damp proof course shall be in rolls to suit the thickness of walls or
brickwork. The damp proof course shall be bedded on a level bed of
cement mortar (1:1) and lapped at least 150mm or the width of the damp
proof course at running joints and intersections.
1.4.3 In all cases of doubt as to the exact location of the damp proof course, the
Contractor shall refer to the S.O. before laying the damp proof course. The
damp proof course above ground shall be continuous for the whole length
and thickness of the wall and be at least 150 mm above finished ground
level to prevent moisture from the ground rising through the foundation to
the wall above ground, which otherwise would make wall surfaces damp
and damage wall finishes.
1.5 Loading
All internal lightweight partitions shall be constructed only for their intended
purposes and any additional loadings shall be referred to the S.O. for approval.
1.6 Insulation (Acoustical and Thermal)
1.6.1 Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, acoustic wall panel
and/or systems shall be constructed and calculated according to
requirements of acoustic specialist and approved by S.O.'s approval.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
WALL SYSTEM
1.6.2 Thermal insulation system shall comply with MS1020. Samples of the
insulation material shall be submitted to the S.O for approval before they
are used and subsequent delivery shall be up to the standard of samples
approved.
1.6.3 Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, glass wool insulation shall be
50mm thick. It shall have a conductive value of maximum 0.035 W/m²K
(tested at a mean temperature of 20°C based MS1020 tested according to
ASTM C177/C518). Glass wool insulation shall be fixed in accordance with
the manufacturer’s recommendation and to the approval of the S.O.
1.6.4 Where stone wool insulation is to be used, it shall be 50mm thick. It shall
have a conductive value of maximum 0.035 W/m²K (tested at a mean
temperature of 20°C based MS1020 tested according to ASTM
C177/C518). Stone wool insulation shall be fixed in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendation and to the approval of the S.O.
1.6.5 Use of foam based insulation shall be prohibited due to health hazard.
Foam based insulation release toxic substances when heated and burned.
1.7 Fire Rating
1.7.1 Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, fire rated walls and
partitions system shall be constructed and calculated according to
requirements and approval of the DGFR and compliance to the Uniform
Building By-Law (UBBL).
1.7.2 The glass wool and stone wool insulation materials used shall comply with
BS 476 - Fire tests on building materials and structures:
(i) Non-combustibility test for materials

(ii) Method of test for fire propagation for products
(iii) Method of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of
flame of products
1.8 Type Of Finishes To Walls And Partitions
1.8.1 Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, all plastering works for brick
walls shall include the wall surface area above ceiling finish level.
1.8.2 Unless otherwise specified or shown on the drawings, the appropriate type
of finishes for walls and partitions shall be as specified in the Schedule of
Finishes. Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the
B.Q., The finishes and their dimensions shall be as specified in SECTION
K: PLASTERING, PAVING AND TILING WORKS and SECTION O:
PAINTING WORKS.
1.9 Samples And Mock-up
1.9.1 Samples and mock-up of wall construction shall be provided and approved
by the S.O. prior to the commencement of the actual construction works.
The size of the samples shall be determined by the S.O.
1.9.2 The samples and mock-up for walls and partitions shall include
connections between the following components where applicable:
(i) Floor to floor to a minimum of 5 meter length
(ii) Wall corners
(iii) Lintels
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
WALL SYSTEM
(iv) Stiffeners
(v) Door and window frames
(vi) All other walls between different materials
2. Bricks And Blocks
2.1 General
All brick walls shall have G.I expanded/exmet mesh reinforcement with 750 mm x
5 mm diameter brickwork dowel bar complete with 75 mm right angle bent to hook
onto brickwork at every 4th course.
2.2 Samples
Separate samples of each type of bricks and blocks taken at random from the load,
shall be submitted to the S.O. for approval before the bricks and blocks are used. All
subsequent deliveries shall generally be up to the standard of the samples
approved. No soft, broken, twisted or otherwise defective bricks and blocks will be
permitted to be used.
2.3 Clay Bricks
All ordinary clay bricks shall be machine-made, wire cut and shall be hard, well
burnt, sound, square and clean all in accordance with MS 76.
2.4 Cement Sand Bricks And Hollow Blocks
2.4.1 All cement sand bricks and hollow blocks shall comply with MS 27.
2.4.2 The dimensions of blocks shall comply with MS 1064.
2.4.3 Wherever blocks are used, a modular sized block shall be used and
constructed in accordance with the manufacturer’s standards,
requirements and method statements.
2.4.4 The composition of cement sand bricks and hollow blocks shall consist of a
uniform mixture of sand and cement. The sand cement shall be mixed in
the ratio of six (6) parts of sand to one (1) part of cement by volume in a
mechanical mixer capable of taking one (1) bag of cement (50 kg of
cement shall be taken as 0.035 cube). The sand used shall be as
described hereinbefore and the maximum size shall pass through a 4.8
mm mesh BS sieve. The cement used shall be CEM 1 as described under
SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS.
2.4.5 The Contractor shall only use cement sand bricks and hollow blocks
supplied by approved manufacturer.
2.4.6 The minimum permissible average compressive strength shall be 5.2

N/mm² for bricks and 2.8 N/mm² for hollow blocks per 10 samples taken at
random from the Contractor’s stock pile of 1000 or part thereof. All rejected
or condemned bricks shall be removed from site at the Contractor’s
expense.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
WALL SYSTEM
2.5 Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block
2.5.1 Autoclaved aerated concrete blocks shall be high pressure steam cured
consisting of a mixture of ordinary cement, sand and lime. The mix shall be
free from asbestos or toxic substances.
2.5.2 Where autoclaved aerated concrete blocks are used in lieu of clay bricks, a
modular sized block shall be used according to manufacturer’s standards,
requirements and method statements.
2.5.3 The autoclaved aerated concrete blocks shall have the following
performance criteria:
(i) dry density of between 500 kg/m³ and 700 kg/m³;

(ii) dimensional accuracy of ± 1.5 mm on all faces;
(iii) the minimum permissible compressive strength shall be 2.5 N/mm²
per 10 samples taken at random from the contractor’s stock pile of
1000 or part thereof;
(iv) minimum fire rating of two (2) hours.
2.6 Patented Brick And Block
Patented bricks and blocks shall comply with MS 27 and shall be used and laid
strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
2.7 Large Prefabricated Panels.
Large prefabricated panels when used shall conform to MS 1313 and shall be
installed strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
3. Walling
3.1 Brick Walling
3.1.1 Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, the whole of the
brickwork shall be constructed with standard size clay bricks in mortar as
described and the surface left ready for plastering.
3.1.2 All clay bricks shall be soaked in a suitable tank or pit to be provided by the
Contractor for at least half an hour before being laid and shall be kept wet
whilst being laid. The top of walls left off shall be thoroughly wet before
work is resumed. All constructed walling must be left wet and properly
protected from the direct sunlight during the following day. The Contractor
shall provide sufficient means to ensure that this is done.
3.1.3 Cement sand bricks shall not be soaked but dipped in water before being
laid and all constructed brickwork shall be protected from direct sunlight
during the day on which it is laid and also during the following day and the
contractor shall provide sufficient means to ensure that this is done.
3.1.4 All bricks shall be properly bedded in mortar and all joints shall be
thoroughly flushed up and raked out to a depth of 13 mm as the works
proceeds. No joint shall exceed 10 mm in thickness.
3.1.5 Brickwork shall be carried up perfectly true and plumb in a uniform manner.
No one portion being raised more than 1m above another at one time. No
overhand work shall be permitted and scaffolding shall be carried up as the
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
WALL SYSTEM
work proceeds. The vertical points of every alternate course shall be kept
perpendicular over one another, and all perpends, quoins, et cetera shall
be kept strictly true and square.
3.1.6 All intersections and angles of walls shall be properly bonded together, and
all walls and piers of lengths not multiples of brick sizes shall be cut and
bonded in the best approved manner. No broken bricks shall be used
except where required to form bonds.
3.1.7 All half brick (113 mm) walls shall be reinforced at every fourth course with
approved reinforcement (for example exmet) commencing two courses
above floor level. For block walling, reinforcement shall be at every second
course commencing one course above floor level.
3.1.8 All brick walls shall be constructed on reinforced concrete beams in

accordance with the Drawings. No brick walls except lightweight partitions
are allowed to be constructed on reinforced concrete slabs.
3.1.9 Unless otherwise specified, all toilet perimeter walls shall be constructed
using clay bricks. Cement sand bricks shall not be used for toilet walls.
3.1.10 All half brick walls shall be built in Stretcher Bond.
3.1.11 All other brickwork shall be built in English Bond or as shown on the
Drawings.
3.2 Facing Brickwork
3.2.1 All facing brickwork shall be executed in first quality approved facing bricks
in Stretcher or Flemish Bond as shown on the Drawings, properly bonded
into any backing walls, piers, et cetera. Joints shall be racked out to a
depth of 13 mm and point up in coloured cement mortar to approved tints,
finished with a neat struck weathered joint.
3.2.2 Facing brickwork shall be kept perfectly clean and no rubbing down of
brickwork will be allowed.
3.3 Stonework
3.3.1 Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the B.Q., all
stone blocks used shall be of limestone or granite whichever is more
readily available within the locality of the Site and shall be free from cracks,
fissures or other defects to the approval of the S.O. The stone blocks shall
in general, have their largest faces parallel. Unless otherwise required, the
maximum thickness of the stone blocks shall in no case exceed the
thickness of the wall or portion of the structure into which it is being built.
3.3.2 Stone walling shall be laid random uncoursed or random coursed as

shown on the Drawings. Through or bonded stones shall be used at one
stone per meter square for random coursed. Where backing brick wall is
shown, the through stone shall be properly bonded in such brick wall.
3.3.3 Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, all stonework shall be bedded in
cement and sand mortar (1:3) mix and finished with a flushed joint rubbed
down with sacking. All interstices between individual stones shall be filled
with mortar. Finish to exposed surfaces or random walling shall be
hammer-dressed.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
WALL SYSTEM
3.4 Hollow Block Walling
The cement sand block wall shall be laid in the manner specified for brick wall. The
hollow block shall not be soaked but dipped in water before laying. The hollow block
wall shall be reinforced at every second course with reinforcement commencing one
course above floor level.
3.5 Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block Walling
3.5.1 Where shown on the Drawings and/or described in the B.Q. or as an

alternative to clay bricks, the Contractor may use autoclaved aerated
concrete blocks for non-load bearing walls and partitions. The autoclaved
aerated concrete block work shall be constructed strictly in accordance
with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Any extra cost in connection
therewith shall be borne by the Contractor.
3.5.2 The autoclaved aerated concrete block work shall be installed using an
approved thin layer of adhesive mortar to all horizontals and perpends. The
first course must be made true and level using a normal layer of mortar
with thin layer of adhesive to fully seal the perpends. The thin layer of
adhesive shall be applied using notched trowel to obtain an even
distribution of adhesive to achieve joint thickness of 2 mm to 3 mm.
3.5.3 A damp-proof course slip-joint membrane shall be laid on top of the floor
slab or beams before receiving the mortar bedding to allow for differential
movement between the blocks and the supporting structure.
3.5.4 The autoclaved aerated concrete block work shall be laid in a manner that
the vertical joint of the lower course shall be staggered at least 100 mm
relative to the vertical joint of the overlaying course.
3.5.5 Unless otherwise directed and/or shown, where concrete block walls abut
concrete faces, the face shall be flushed.
3.5.6 Control joints should be built into walls at spacing not greater than 8 m
centres, and at locations in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendation.
3.5.7 Care must be taken to keep the walls clean, strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendation. Excess adhesive must be removed
progressively.
3.5.8 In lieu of cement sand plastering, the wall surfaces may be finished with
suitable surface coating that has the dual properties of being waterproof
and water vapour permeable and shall be applied in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendation.
3.6 Parapet And Freestanding Wall
3.6.1 Any parapet and freestanding wall consisting of 155 mm thick brick wall
including plastering on both sides shall only be constructed to a maximum
height of 900 mm.
3.6.2 Where shown on the Drawings, freestanding walls above 900 mm in height
shall be constructed as per the engineer’s detail Drawings or to the S.O.’s
approval.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
WALL SYSTEM
3.6.3 Precast reinforced concrete copings shall be constructed on all external

parapet and free standing walls. The reinforced concrete coping shall be
laid to fall, complete with 12 mm half round throating.
3.6.4 Freestanding walls more than 3 m length vertically and horizontally shall be
constructed with reinforced concrete stiffeners to engineer's detail and with
the S.O’s approval.
3.7 Lintel And Stiffener
3.7.1 Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, lintels shall be

provided to all openings and to be sized accordingly by the Contractor to
the S.O.’s approval.
3.7.2 Reinforced concrete stiffeners shall be constructed at every minimum of 3

m vertically and horizontally to strengthen brick and block wall system
construction according to engineer’s detail.
3.8 Fasteners
Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, fasteners or cramps for frames, metal
windows and precast units shall be built in at 1 m centres on the vertical side of the
frame. Mild steel cramps shall be 25 mm x 3 mm x 225 mm long for fixing wooden
frames, etc. One end of the cramp shall be turned up and screwed to back of the
frame and the other end shall be split and fish-tailed for building in. Cramps which
are to be fixed to concrete shall be embedded in concrete and built into brickwork as
the work proceeds.
3.9 Cutting
All cuttings such as arches, sinks, setbacks, and projections shall be properly
formed. Chases and holes through walls and slabs for the passage of pipes, wiring
and the like shall be neatly cut or formed. Upon the installation of the services pipes,
the chases and holes through walls shall be properly sealed (Fire Stop) to prevent
fire spread as required by the DGFR and UBBL. Where plastering works are done
on the cuttings, the surface shall be smooth and seamless.
3.10 Timber Framing For Partition
3.10.1 All timber used for the timber stud framings for partition walls shall be as
specified in SECTION H: TIMBER, JOINERY AND IRONMONGERY
WORKS.
3.10.2 Wall partition consisting of timber frames shall consist of vertical and
horizontal studs. The studs shall consist of approved timber hardwood with
a minimum size of 50 mm x 50 mm unless otherwise specified. All
horizontal and vertical studs shall be constructed at a maximum spacing of
600 mm centres.
3.10.3 The top most horizontal frame, referred to as the top plate shall be bolted
or nailed to the ceiling and continuously erected using timber or metal
stiffener securely fixed to the slab to the S.O's approval. The timber and
metal stiffeners shall be spaced at 1200 mm centres maximum.
3.10.4 The lowest horizontal frame, referred to as the bottom plate, shall be
securely fixed using bolts or nails. All fixing to slabs, M12 expansion bolts
shall be used at 1200 mm centres maximum with galvanized mild steel

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
WALL SYSTEM
strap to the floor to the S.O.'s approval. All fixings to timber slabs shall be
fixed at 600 mm centres maximum.
3.10.5 Unless otherwise specified, dimension for timber panels shall comply with
MS 1064.
3.10.6 Where proprietary timber partitions are used, they shall be constructed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and to the S.O.’s
approval.
3.10.7 Partitions, screens and vent panels, shall be constructed as detailed in the
Drawings. Where shown, galvanized welded wire mesh or expanded metal
of the required sizes and patterns shall be fixed to vent panels and window
openings. The mesh shall be secured in position using rebated and mitred
timber battens and screws.
3.11 Metal Framing For Partition
3.11.1 Steel sections such as, but not limited to metal framing and studs shall
comply with ASTM C645, BS EN 14195, BS 7364 or other approved
equivalent standards as appropriate, and to the approval of the S.O.
3.11.2 Unless otherwise specified, all metal framing for partitions shall be
galvanized steel 62 mm C-Studs (vertical) and 64 mm U-tracks (horizontal)
of 0.5 mm base metal thickness. The steel stud shall be manufactured
from galvanized mild steel strip, steel grade Z2 with minimum yield
strength of 210 N/mm² and zinc coating type Z275 minimum, complying
with BS EN 10143.
3.11.3 The stud which is to support a joint shall have a minimum fixing face width
of 32 mm for screw fixing and all other framing members shall not be less
than 30 mm. Drywall screws shall be at least 10 mm longer than total
thickness of plasterboards on each side of the partition wall. The
plasterboards are laid staggered and fixed to the metal frames using
drywall screws not exceeding 300 mm centres.
3.11.4 The top most U-frame (horizontal) shall be screwed to the ceiling and
continuously erected using metal stiffener securely fixed to the slab. The
metal studs directly supporting plasterboard sheets shall be spaced at 600
mm centres maximum. The bottom U-frame (horizontal) shall be securely
fixed to the floor slab using bolts or screws. All fixing to slabs, M12
expansion bolts shall be used at 1200mm centres maximum with
galvanized mild steel strap to the floor and to the S.O.'s approval.
3.11.5 Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the partitions shall not be
erected more than 3000 mm height. Partitions which are more than 3000
mm height shall be supported by additional structural members, to
structural engineer's detail and S.O.’s approval.
3.11.6 Partition above ceiling shall allow for cut out opening for service ducts or
trunks and cable trays. The contractor shall coordinate with all
subcontractors on the exact location and size of the openings. Any gaps
around any pipe ducts through the partition shall be properly sealed with
and approved fire smoke stop system. by the penetration collar protection
specialist.
3.11.7 If full height partition has to be terminated below ventilation duct route
parallel to the partitions, the stud of the partition shall be secured to the
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
WALL SYSTEM
support frame of the duct. In such cases, space between the duct and
reinforced concrete soffit need not be sealed up.
3.11.8 The deflection of the metal frame partition system under service condition
shall be controlled by the limit for the calculated deflection of the element
chosen for the system and its intended use. The deflection shall not
exceed L/240 or L/360 subject to the finishing material attached to the
partition. Any system wall partition selected shall be installed strictly
according to the manufacturer's specifications and details to the S.O.’s
approval.
3.12 Plasterboard Partition
3.12.1 The type of plasterboard used shall comply with BS EN 520. The specified
plasterboard shall carry class ‘O’ approval from DGFR. Unless otherwise
specified the plasterboards used for the works shall be 12.5 mm thick with
standard length of 3000 mm and shall be free of defects.
3.12.2 The deviations and tolerances shall be in accordance with BS 8212. When
required, the deflection under load shall be determined in accordance with
BS EN 520.
3.12.3 The appropriate type of sealant shall be used for the required type of
plasterboard. Elastomeric sealants shall be used at the perimeter of the dry
lining or partitioning to provide an airtight construction and to the approval
of the S.O.
3.12.4 Jointing compound shall be of air drying or setting type, in accordance with
BS EN 13963, and to the approval of the S.O. Jointing compound shall be
applied as per manufacturer’s recommendation and S.O.’s approval. The
use of any additives to modify any of the properties of compounds shall not
be permitted.
3.12.5 Jointing tape for plasterboards shall not be less than 48 mm wide and not
exceeding 60 mm in accordance with ASTM C475 and the approval of the
S.O.
3.12.6 Control joints shall be provided for a long continuous run of plasterboard
wall spaced at not more than 9 m apart.
3.12.7 Corner beads shall be provided as reinforcement to permit construction of

true, concealed angles with gypsum base and panels.
3.12.8 Provision shall be allowed for the plasterboard partition system to support
surface mounted fixtures by incorporating independent support framing
hidden behind or exposed on the partition surface to provide adequate and
appropriate support and to the approval of the S.O.
3.12.9 Wherever possible, full length plasterboard sheets shall be used to

eliminate the need for sheet end butt joints. Where possible, joints on
opposite sides of framing should be arranged to occur between different
framing members.
3.12.10 Plasterboard sheets shall be laid out to minimize butt joints and waste. Butt
joints on adjoining sheets shall be staggered. Butt joints on opposite sides
of the wall shall be staggered. The sheet shall be laid so that the vertical
joints fall a minimum of 200 mm from the edge of the opening.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
WALL SYSTEM
3.12.11 Fire resisting systems comprising of more than one layer of plasterboards,
the joints in successive layers should be staggered. In the case of walls
sheeted on both sides joints should be staggered on opposite sides of the
wall.
3.12.12 Penetrations in the system shall only be allowed if installed in accordance

to manufacturer’s recommendation and tested at the Contractor’s
expenses. Penetration shall be strictly carried out in accordance with the
requirements of the DGFR and to the recommendationapproval of the S.O.
3.12.13 Fasteners shall have a corrosion-resistant finish and be appropriate for

intended use, also in accordance with BS EN 14566 and BS 8212. The
heads of fasteners shall be shaped so that they can be driven slightly
below the surface of the plasterboard without punching through the paper
liner.
3.12.14 Impact resistance of a partition system including gypsum plasterboard shall

be determined in accordance with ISO 7892 and BS 5234-2.
3.12.15 The Contractor shall submit to the S.O., a manufacturer’s warranty against
any defect or damage to the proprietary plasterboard partition system
which may arise during the period of five (5) years from the date of
Certificate of Practical Completion. Terms of the warranty shall be such as
shall be approved by the S.O.
3.13 Glass Partitions
3.13.1 Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawing, all fixed glass wall
systems shall be 8 mm thick minimum, erected with stainless steel framing
system for sizes up to 1200 mm x 4800 mm maximum installed to
manufacturer’s recommendation and to S.O.’s approval. For sizes more
than 4800 mm, the panels shall be constructed according to
manufacturer’s recommendation and the installation shall be certified by a
P.E.
3.13.2 Glass doors shall be installed complete with accessories as recommended

by the manufacturer and to the S.O.’s approval.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION R: LANDSCAPING AND TURFING WORKS
PAGE
1. General R/1
2. Classifications And Characteristics Of Plants R/1
3. Size Of Plants R/1
4. Handling And Planting R/3
5. Soil Mixture, Soil Conditioners And Chemical Fertilizers R/4
6. Turfing R/4
7. Football And Playing Fields R/5
8. Relocation And Protection Of Existing Tress R/8
9. Maintenance Of Plant And Turf R/8
10. Final Handing Over R/10

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND
No. Pindaan : 00
TURFING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA Muka Surat : R/1
1. General
1.1 All landscaping works shall be as shown on the Drawings. Turfing works and tree
planting shall be carried out in such a manner as to minimize risks of damage to
turfs and plants, and stunted growth. Turfing on all slopes shall be carried out
immediately after slopes are formed. Tree planting shall be carried out as soon as
practicable.
1.2 All landscaping works shall start as early as possible so that trees and plants are
well- grown, and fully adapted to the new environment when the project concerned
is handed over upon completion.
1.3 All landscaping works shall be furnished, installed and maintained by the Contractor
as specified herein, or as shown on the Drawings, using the best horticultural
management, giving special attention to planting practices, soil mixtures, and
application of agricultural chemicals.
1.4 Existing water elements such as lakes, ponds and streams shall be incorporated
into the landscape design. Unless otherwise specified, mature existing trees shall
be retained and incorporated into the landscape design. Replantation and relocation
of the trees removed shall be considered as part of the landscaping works.
2. Classifications And Characteristics Of Plants
2.1 Plants shall mean trees, palms, shrubs, ground covers, and plants of others
descriptions to be provided by the Contractor, as shown on the Drawings or listed in
the plant schedules.
2.1.1 Each tree shall possess characteristics of its variety and growth typical to
such tree. All trees shall be well-branched, with straight trunks
characteristic of the species, with well-shaped top and intact leader. The
height shall be measured from the stem’s earth line to the top of the tree.
2.1.2 Palms shall have vigorous root system, crown of new leaves, proper color
of leaves of adult palms, and sufficient hardlines. The height of palms shall
be measured from the stem’s earth line to the base of the first frond.
2.1.3 Shrubs and vines shall possess characteristics and growth habits typical of
their species. All shrubs shall be well-shaped and bushy, with well-spaced
branches, and not skinny. The height of shrubs or vines shall be measured
from the stem’s earth line to the top branches.
2.1.4 Ground cover is defined as any plant or groups of plant, other than
grasses, which shall satisfactorily cover the ground, forming a compact and
attractive cover.
2.2 All plants shall be in healthy growth condition, free from pests and diseases, and
shall be representatives of their normal species or variety. All plants shall have well-
branched heads and vigorous root systems, and shall be injury-free. Unless
otherwise shown or specified in the Drawings, only nursery-grown plants shall be
used. Plants which are potted or plastic-bag-grown shall not be root-bound.
3. Size Of Plants
3.1 The size of plants refers to plant table size that is the size that is required for
planting out on sites. All plants shall have the following sizes:

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
TURFING WORKS
3.1.1 Ground covers
Ground cover plants can be supplied in plastic bags. If supplied in 150 mm

- size bags they shall have at least nine (9) cuttings per bag, and not less
than 150 mm long.
3.1.2 Shrubs
Height of shrubs shall range between 150 mm and 1000 mm.
3.1.3 Trees
3.1.3.1 Trees shall be either container grown, or grown on the open

ground. They shall be of the following three types:
i) Tree saplings
Tree saplings shall mean grown from seedlings or

cuttings. They shall have straight main stems of not less
than 1200 mm in height from the soil level to the lowest
branch, and a stem diameter of not less than 12 mm, and
a well-branching system.
ii) Rooted stump cutting
These refer to plants which can be easily grown from

stem cuttings instead of from seeds. They shall have
straight main stems of 2400 mm to 3000 mm in height,
with a diameter ranging from 37 mm to 50 mm.
iii) Instant trees
An instant tree is generally referred, to the semi-mature

tree with a minimum trunk height of 2000 mm for palms
(measured from earth line to first frond) and 3000 mm for
other which shall have well-spread branches.
3.1.4 Palms
3.1.4.1 Palms shall be either container-grown on the open ground, and

shall be of two types:
i) Single-stem palm
These refer to palms with single main trunk. Their trunk

height shall be not less than 1200 mm measured from the
earth line to the base of the first front.
ii) Cluster palms
The Palms referred to are those which grow in clusters.

They shall have a minimum of three (3) palms clustered
together, measuring 750 mm to 1000 mm from the earth
line to the base of the first frond.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
TURFING WORKS
4. Handling And Planting
4.1 Handling
Plants shall be transported, handled and stored in such a manner as to prevent

deterioration, damage or contamination. All plant materials shall be carefully
protected and, if necessary, wrapped with hessian or gunny cloth during lifting,
transportation, unloading and storage on site.
4.2 Planting
4.2.1 Pits/holes
4.2.1.1 Generally all pits for palms and trees shall not be less than
1000 mm x 1000 mm or 1/3 size bigger than the root ball,
spaced at intervals as shown on the Drawings or approved by
the S.O.
4.2.1.2 For shrubs, the pit size may be reduced to 500 mm x 500 mm
deep (for big shrubs), or 300 mm x 300 mm x 300 mm deep (for
medium shrubs). Alternatively, continuous trench 500 mm x 300
mm deep respectively, shall be formed where required.
4.2.1.3 The bottom of all pits and trenches shall be forked loose to a
depth of 300 mm prior to backfilling with approved soil mixture
before transplanting. All pits and trenches shall be soaked with
water before planting.
4.2.1.4 Flower beds or trenches shall be made to the size as shown in

the Drawings, and to a depth not exceeding 200 mm.
4.2.1.5 The distance for planting trees and palms shall be between
3000 mm to 5000 mm unless otherwise specified.
4.2.1.6 The distance for planting shrubs shall be between 150 mm to

300 mm unless otherwise specified.
4.2.1.7 For ground covers, planting works shall be carried out in zig-
zag manner at distance between 100 mm to 150 mm unless
otherwise specified.
4.2.2 Transplanting
4.2.2.1 Transplanting shall not be carried out in very hot, dry weather
conditions which may result in initial drying out of the root system
and/or scorching of leaves.
4.2.2.2 Immediately before transplanting, the plants shall be carefully

removed from the nursery bags or pots. The plants shall be
placed into the pits and the surround filled with approved black
earth making sure that the roots are not excessively disturbed.
The earth around the base of the stems shall be recessed
slightly to facilitate watering.
4.2.3 Plants supports
All newly plants shall be supported either by staking, tying or guying.

Stakes shall be of wood, still or plastic of an approved type, driven into the
ground before planting so as not to damage the root ball or aerial parts of

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
TURFING WORKS
plants. Stakes shall be long enough to the plants, with one (1) tie per stake
set 150 mm from the bottom.
5. Soil Mixture, Soil Conditioners And Chemical Fertilizers
5.1 Soil Mixture
Soil mixture for ground planting and backfill shall be in the ratio of 1:3, i.e. 1 part to
soil conditioner or organic materials to three (3) parts of top soil. Planter box soil
mixture shall be in the ratio of 1:2:3, i.e. one (1) part of sand of sand to two (2) parts
soil conditioner or organic materials to three (3) parts top soil.
5.2 Top Soil
Top soil shall consist of fertile and friable topsoil obtained from a well-drained flood-
free site excavated from not more than 300 mm deep from ground level. It shall be
of medium texture and without admixture of stones, lumps, plants or roots, and other
extraneous matter. Topsoil material shall be obtained from excavated topsoil
sourced or, if not available, from other sources as approved by the S.O.
5.3 Soil Conditioners (Manure And Compost)
Soil Conditioners shall be organic materials such as composed coconut, fiber, peat
or other approved materials which shall be composed in a stable condition, free
from toxic impurities and containing no substance injurious to plants. The organic
matter with 45% - 55% moisture content and with Ph adjusted to 5.5 - 6.5 shall be
used. All manure or compost used as additive to the soil mixture shall be procured
from an approved source.
5.4 Chemicals Fertilizers
Chemicals fertilizers shall be granular slow release compound fertilizers with a

minimum four (4) months release period at 320 C. They shall be stored in waterproof
sealed bags and kept under shelter. The Contractor shall submit manufacturer’s
technical data on the proposed fertilizer for the S.O.’s approval prior to the
application of the fertilizer.
6. Turfing
6.1 Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, turfing shall be provided to all exposed
earth surfaces throughout the site. All surfaces to be turfed shall be completely
cleared of all incidental Contractor’s debris, stone and other obstructions.
6.2 The ground to be turfed shall be graded to fall toward surface water discharge line
as shown in the Drawings, or approved by the S.O.
6.3 On level ground, minimum gradient of 1:60 shall be provided to eliminate ponding
hollows. Any undesirable vegetation, debris, stumps or roots shall be grubbed up
and removed from the site.
6.4 Top soil shall be provided on a prepared surface, and compacted to provide a
suitable tilt for the growth of the turf. Before spreading the topsoil, the ground is to
be trimmed and leveled and all roots of bushes and undesirable growth grubbed up
and removed from the site.
6.5 All turfs shall be of good, healthy, dense indigenous cow grass (Axon Opus
Compresses) from an approved source. The grass shall be of even density,

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
TURFING WORKS
vigorous growth and green in color, forming a turf sufficiently fibrous to hold together
when installed. They shall be free from mimosa, weeds or other foreign vegetation.
6.6 Each turf shall be approximately 300 mm x 300 mm x 50 mm thick with roots still
attached to the soil. They shall be kept moist and in shade, and shall be planted
within 24 hours of lifting. Samples of turfs to be used shall be submitted to the S.O.
for approval before any turfs are brought in for use. The sources of material shall be
stated by the Contractor.
6.7 Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, close turfing shall be provided to slopes,
and extending 2 m of the platform at the top and bottom of the slope, 1 m the sides
of all drains, and 2 m wide of road shoulders, so that they cover the whole area
without any space/gap between them.
6.8 Each sod shall be pegged in place with wooden/bamboo pegs 12 mm diameter and
200 mm long through the sod and into the soil base. These pegs shall be removed
after the turf have firmly established. On steep slopes, netting in shall be laid onto
the turfed areas for protection.
6.9 Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, spot turfing shall be carried out on all level
ground. The turf shall be laid at 450 mm center, embedded 25 mm in the top soil.
6.10 Turf shall be fertilized with approved slow release fertilizers high in Nitrogen content,
one (1) month after planting at the rate of 60 gm/m2 and evenly spread over the
whole area. Turfs shall be well watered after each fertilizer application which shall
be done once in every three months after grass cutting.
6.11 Grass cutting shall be done every three weeks after one (1) month
growth/establishment by grass cutter/mover as often as in required to give a well
trimmed sod not more than 25 mm in height for flat surface and not less than 50 mm
on slope. All clippings shall be removed from the site before watering is carried out.
7. Football And Playing Fields
7.1 General
7.1.1 Unless otherwise specified hereinafter, turfing for football and playing fields
shall be as specified hereinbefore. Turfing works shall start as soon as
possible and shall be completed and fully established not later than three
(3) months before the date of completion of the works.
7.1.2 The Contractor shall supply and install sub-soil drains as specified
hereinafter at the locations and accordance with the lines, levels and
grades shown in the Drawings and/or as directed by the S.O.
7.2 Materials
7.2.1 Sub-soil drain pipes
Subsoil drain pipes shall be of high Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

perforated corrugated drainage pipe to DIN 16961 PT 1 and 2:1989 or
equivalent, or Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipes for subsoil drains complying
with AS Specification 2439.1 or BS 3656 or equivalent, of diameter and
lengths of pipe as shown on the Drawings.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
TURFING WORKS
7.2.2 Filter materials
Filter Materials shall consist of an angular, clean, hard and durable crush
rock with uniformly sized particle of 14 mm, free form lumps of clay or
organic matter.
7.2.3 Geo textile fabric
Geo textile fabric shall be of non-woven type thermally bonded with

minimum weight of 100 g/m² or equivalent and shall be of approved
manufacturer.
7.3 Site Preparation
The site area shall be completely cleared of all debris, large stones, discarded
gravel and other unacceptable materials. The site shall then be graded to form a
crown at the centre of the field with a minimum gradient of 1:300. The soil shall be of
good texture and structure with the majority of the crumbs of size 1 mm to 2 mm and
not contaminated with seeds, stolon or rhizomes of noxious weeds.
7.4 Trenching For Sub-soil Drain Pipes
Trenches shall be excavated and trimmed clean true to grade and alignment and
the geo textile fabric shall be laid as shown on the Drawings. The fabric shall
overlap the full width of the trench at the top. Where the fabric requires jointing
along the trench, it shall overlap a minimum of 500 mm at the joint.
7.5 Laying And Jointing Subsoil Drain Pipe
Subsoil pipe shall be laid and bedded as shown on the Drawings. Subsoil drain pipe
shall be jointed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
7.6 Backfilling
The trench shall be backfilled with the filter material in layers not exceeding 150 mm
loose thickness and uniformly compacted by suitable method approved by the S.O.
to the level as shown in the Drawings. Care shall be taken that the pipe is not
damaged or displaced.
7.7 Outlets
Outlets shall be constructed as shown in the Drawings and to the S.O.’s approval.
7.8 Laying Of Sand And Turf Mixture
7.8.1 The prepared surface of the field shall be laid with a first layer of 100 mm
thick river sand or other suitable course grained granular materials and a
second layer of 100 mm thick turf mixture before receiving the turf.
7.8.2 The Contactor surface shall carry out final gradient check prior to the
turfing works.
7.8.3 Before turfing works commence, the Contractor shall submit samples of
the turf mixture for the approval of the S.O. The turf mixture shall be laid to
the required formation level and gradient.
7.8.4 The turf mixture shall have the following composition by weight of 4% - 5%
organic matter, 12% - 15% clay and 81% - 85% river sand. The PH value
for the root zone medium shall be 5 to 7.5.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
TURFING WORKS
7.9 Inspections
7.9.1 The Contractor shall give not less than twenty-four (24) hour notice prior to
the commencement and upon completion of the under mentioned works.
The Contractor shall not proceed with the next succeeding operation until
specific approval has been given for the following:
(i) Trench excavation.

(ii) Trench lining with geo textile fabric and laying of subsoil drain pipe
(iii) Filter material backfill
(iv) Sand laying
(v) Turf mixture
(vi) Turfing work
7.10 Leveling Of Field
7.10.1 The Contractors shall water the turf at least twice a day or as instructed by
the S.O. The rate of application and frequency of watering shall be
sufficient to maintain the turf mixture in a moist condition to ensure proper
and healthy growth of the turf even during the dry weather.
7.10.2 Water shall be applied as fine spray by means of suitable pumps and hose
or sprinkler or any other method approved by the S.O so as not to disturb
the turf mixture.
7.11 Weed Control
Weeding shall be carried out on the newly turfed area about ten (10) days after
planting to get rid of foreign species and maintain a pure culture of Axonopus
Compressus (Cow Grass). Weeding on a Continuous basis shall be carried out to
prevent weeds from growing.
7.12 Fertilization
The first fertilization shall be carried out two (2) weeks after planting, using
mechanical spreader. Subsequently, the fertilizer shall be applied at three (3) weeks
interval.
7.13 Mowing
7.13.1 Mowing shall be carried out using properly sharpened and adjusted
machine tools so that the turf is out cleanly and no tearing takes place.
7.13.2 The first cut shall be carried out when the turf reaches 50 mm – 70 mm in
height. The turf shall be cut to 25 mm – 30 mm in height. Subsequently,
mowing shall be done at least once in every two (2) weeks.
7.14 Top Dressing
The Contractor shall, from time to time or whenever directed by the S.O. check the
flatness of the field and if found uneven, rectify by top dressing with turf mixture and
followed by proper compaction.
7.15 Maintenance During Defect Liability Period
7.15.1 The Contractor shall be responsible for carrying out full-time intensive
maintenance of the turfing works for the entire duration of the Defect
Liability Period of the Works.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
TURFING WORKS
7.15.2 The maintenance includes watering, weed control, fertilization, moving and
top dressing, all as specified hereinbefore.
7.16 Handing Over Of The Works
On handing over of the works, the field shall be in good playable condition with all
the full line markings to the dimensions as shown on the Drawings.
8. Relocation And Protection of Existing Tress
8.1 Relocation Of Trees
8.1.1 Where shown in the Drawings or if directed by the S.O, all existing trees
having girth of 300 mm and below identified and marked for relocation,
shall not be cut, but shall be dug up, prepared for, and relocated by the
Contractor to other areas within, or in the vicinity of the site. In the event of
any such trees being accidentally cut or damaged, the same shall be
replaced with trees of equivalent size and species by the Contractor.
8.1.2 The Contractor shall protect and maintain the relocated trees by fencing to
a height of 1.2 m, watering, manuring, pruning, and other necessary
treatments throughout the contract period (including the Defects Liability
Period) until satisfactory, growth is established. Any relocated trees which
are accidentally damage, or fail to re-grow satisfactorily within the Defect
Liability Period, Shall be replaced accordingly at the Contractor own cost.
8.2 Protection of Trees Retained On Site
8.2.1 All existing trees having girth of 800 mm and above identified and marked
by the S.O. or as shown in the Drawings to be retained on site, shall be
protected and maintained by fencing to a height of 1.2 m, watering
manuring, pruning and other necessary treatments throughout the contract
(including the Defects Liability Period) so as not to jeopardize their growth.
8.2.2 The ground around the tree spread shall be protected to prevent
contamination from materials and chemicals detrimental to plant growth.
Method of protection shall be to the approval of the S.O. in the event of any
such trees being accidentally or otherwise out or damaged, the same
shall be replaced by the Contractor with trees equivalent size and species
at his own cost.
9. Maintenance of Plant and Turf
9.1 General
9.1.1 After planting and prior to the onset of the maintenance period, the
Contractor shall be responsible for carrying out all necessary measures to
ensure that all plant materials and turfing thrive and become established,
and that the landscaped areas are kept in a clean and tidy condition.
9.1.2 The Contractor shall protect and maintain the plants and turfing from any
damage and destruction, by way of watering, manuring and tilling, any by
staking and fencing, where necessary, to support and protect the plants,
until the end of the Defects Liability Period. All plants and turfs which are
defective and/ or fail to grow within the Defect Liability Period or as
instructed by the S.O. shall be replaced immediately and/ or replanted
accordingly, at the Contractor’s own cost.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
TURFING WORKS
9.1.3 Unless otherwise specified, all maintenance works shall be carried out
complying to the minimum standard as detailed out in the `Garis Panduan
Pengurusan Dan Penyelenggaran Projek Landskap’ (latest edition) by
Jabatan Perancang Bandar & Desa, Kementerian Perumahan Dan
Kerajaan Tempatan. During the Defects Liability Period, the Contractor is
required to implement the maintenance works as follows:
(i) Water the plants twice (2) per day.

(ii) Feeding the plants with fertilizers (NPK Green) 15:15:15 once (1)
every month for the first six (6) months and as needed after six (6)
months onwards. Application of the fertilizer shall be as specified
hereinafter, and as recommended by the fertilizer manufacturer.
(iii) Weeding/Hoeing and Site Cleaning
(iv) Disease and Pest Control
(v) Plants Replacement
(vi) Mulching
(vii) Trimming/Pruning
9.1.4 The Contractor shall provide persons who are competent and experienced
for organizing and running the maintenance programs during the Defects
Liability Period, at the Contractor’s own cost.
9.1.5 The Contractor shall be responsible for the use of all materials, labour and
equipment. Any injury to plants caused by such materials, labour and
equipment shall be corrected and repaired at the Contractor’s own cost.
9.1.6 The Contractor shall carry out all necessary measures to ensure that all
plants thrive and become established within this period. All landscaped
areas shall be inspected at monthly intervals and lists of remedial works
shall be issued upon each inspection within seven (7) working days. All
items on the remedial work list shall be executed before the next
scheduled inspection.
9.2 Weeding And Hoeing
Weeding and hoeing shall be done frequently, depending on weed growth or

whenever directed to do so by the S.O. The Contractor shall be responsible for
maintaining areas close the base of trees or shrubs. Weeding shall be done
manually either by hand, hoe or garden tools at least once a month, with care taken
not to wound plant stems.
9.3 Fertilizers And Application Rate
9.3.1 Feedings to plants shall be done with approved organic manure or slow
release fertilizers at regular intervals to maintain healthy growth. The S.O.
reserves the right to request the Contractors to use any kind of fertilizer, let
it be straight mixture, complex or slow release, at the Contractor’s own
cost.
9.3.2 Six (6) applications shall be required during the maintenance period. The
first shall be carried out during the second (2nd) month after planting. The
second and subsequent applications shall be worked into the soil above
the roots and lightly watered in. the fertilizer shall be applied, preferable,
when the plants are in their active stage of growth.
9.3.3 Slow release fertilizers shall be applied strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer’s directions and recommendations.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
No. Pindaan : 00
TURFING WORKS
9.3.4 The Contractor shall take note that plant feeding shall be carried out only
after all other maintenance works like weeding, hoeing and trimming or
pruning have been carried out.
10. Final Handing Over
10.1 Two weeks before the expiry of the Defects Liability Period a joint final inspection
shall be held with the S.O. to review the requirements for any alteration or
replacement in order to gain approval for Final Handing Over.
10.2 At the time of Final Inspection, all areas under this contract shall be free from
weeds, neatly cultivated and raked, and all plant boxes in good order. Grass shall
be neatly cut and all clippings removed. No bare patches of earth shall be visible in
turf or planting areas unless otherwise specified.
10.3 If any portions of the works are found to be not acceptable, under the terms and
intent of the Drawings and specifications, the Contractor shall carry out immediate
remedial works to S.O’s acceptance before the date of Final Handing Over. The
cost of all remedial works shall be borne by the Contractor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION S: DRAINAGE WORKS
PAGE
1. General S/1
2. Excavation And Backfilling S/1
3. Materials S/3
TABLE S1 : Grading Limits For Sand Backfill S/3

TABLE S2 : Grading Limit For Granular Backfill Other Than Sand S/4
4. Surface Water Drains S/4
TABLE S3 : Maximum Steepness Of The Side Slopes S/5
5. Subsoil Drain S/6

6. Sumps S/6
7. Culverts S/6
8. On-site Detention Pond S/7

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01
SECTION S : DRAINAGE WORKS No. Pindaan : 00
JKR MALAYSIA Muka Surat : S/1

1. General
1.1 All drainage works shall be in accordance with the JKR Standard Specification for
Drainage Works in Building Projects No. 20601-0195-13 or the latest edition
published by JKR and the requirements of the MSMA.
1.2 The works shall include the construction of surface drains, sumps, culverts, subsoil
drains, and other drainage structures in accordance with these Specifications or as
1.3 Drainage works shall be constructed to the lines, levels, grades and cross-sections
shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.
1.4 Final discharge point shall be identified and approved by the S.O. Where necessary,
the existing drainage system shall be upgraded in order to ensure they are fully
functional.
2. Excavation And Backfilling
2.1 The Contractor shall notify the S.O. sufficiently in advance of the beginning of any
excavation so that cross-section elevations and measurements shall be taken of
undisturbed ground. The natural ground adjacent to the structure shall not be
disturbed without permission of the S.O. The excavation works shall be carried out
so as not to cause any danger or obstruction to the traffic or public.
2.2 All excavation shall be inspected and approved by the S.O. prior to further work
being carried out.
2.2.1 Excavation of hard materials/rock
2.2.1.1 Hard materials/rock encountered in the trench excavation shall be

removed to the approval of the S.O. Layer of rock encountered
along the bottom of the excavation shall be cut and trimmed to the
required level.
2.2.1.2 Voids formed at bottom of the trench due to the removal of rocks
shall be backfilled to the required level with 20 mm Grade 20P
concrete or other suitable materials, well rammed and compacted
all to the approval of the S.O.
2.2.1.3 Jagged surfaces of rocks at the bottom of the excavation due to

the trimming shall be levelled and smoothened with sand blinding
to the approval of the S.O.
2.2.2 Excavation of soft materials
When, in the opinion of the S.O. the foundation material is soft or otherwise
unsuitable, the Contractor shall remove and insert foundation fill material or
concrete as specified or shown on the Drawings or directed by the S.O. It
shall be placed and compacted in layers not more than 150 mm thick or as
2.2.3 Excavation for drain trenches
2.2.3.1 The trench shall be excavated to a depth of 150 mm less than the
depths intended or shown on the Drawings. The remaining
excavation shall be carried out immediately prior to the placing of
blinding materials.
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01

2.2.3.2 Should the bottom of the trench be inadvertently excavated below
the specified level, it should be brought back at the Contractor’s
expense to the correct level with good selected earth or sand,
carefully rammed into place.
2.2.4 Excavation for culvert
2.2.4.1 The earthworks at the required location shall be constructed to a

level at least 600 mm above the top of culverts design levels or to
the top of subgrade levels, whichever is lower. The culverts
specified to be constructed in trench conditions shall be excavated
in accordance with sub-section 2.2.5.
2.2.4.2 Where drainage conditions or other circumstances so require, the

S.O. shall direct the Contractor to construct the culvert without first
constructing the earthworks to the level specified above, in which
case excavation,and foundation preparation shall be in accordance
with sub-section 2.2.6.
2.2.5 Trench method
2.2.5.1 The trench to receive culvert shall have sufficient width and depth
to enable the placing of bedding material. The bottom of the trench
shall be trimmed to suitably smooth plane surface which shall be
kept free from water, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.
2.2.5.2 The hard material excavated shall be replaced with suitable

material uniformly compacted in layers of not more than 150 mm
compacted thickness to provide satisfactory support for the culvert,
all to the satisfaction of the S.O.
2.2.6 Open ground method
2.2.6.1 Where existing ground levels are above top bedding material
design levels and firm foundation materials are encountered,
excavation and foundation preparation shall be similar to the
described in trench method above. Otherwise a firm foundation
plane shall be prepared, which shall be essentially free draining
along the line of the culvert by trimming the existing ground, or
such fill as it is necessary to place and compact, over a width
sufficient to permit satisfactory construction of the pipe bedding, all
to the satisfaction of the S.O.
2.2.6.2 Where soft or unstable soil is encountered in the foundation, it

shall be excavated over a width of at least 1.5 times the outside of
each side of the culvert centre-line to the depth directed by the
S.O., and replaced with suitable material uniformly compacted in
layers of not more than 150 mm compacted thickness to provide
satisfactory support for the pipe, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.
2.3 Backfilling
2.3.1 Drainage trenches shall be backfilled immediately after completion of drain

laying or installation of culverts and as soon as the S.O. has inspected and
given his approval.
2.3.2 Backfilling with approved fill materials shall be placed evenly in layers not
exceeding 150 mm. To provide uniform support, loose thickness of fill
materials on both sides of the drain shall be thoroughly compacted with
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01

mechanical rammers. This procedure shall be followed for the whole depth of
drain section.
2.3.3 All spaces excavated under this Specification and not occupied by a
permanent structure shall be backfilled with material free from large lumps,
wood and extraneous material.
3. Materials
3.1 Basic construction materials shall comprise the following;
3.1.1 Granular bedding material
The foundations shall be of granular bedding material suitably graded broken

rubble, crushed stone, crushed gravel, sand or other material as shown on
the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.
3.1.2 Concrete
Concrete for blinding, bedding and cast-in-situ drains shall be as shown in

the Drawings and as specified in SECTION D : CONCRETE WORKS.
3.1.3 Ordinary backfill material
3.1.3.1 Ordinary backfill material shall be of suitable material such as

medium stiff clay, clayey sand or other approved soils. The
maximum particle size of the backfill material shall be 50 mm.
3.1.3.2 Materials from swamps, peats or top soils and other highly organic
clay or silt, materials containing logs, stumps or boulders, which
are susceptible tocombustion, and any other materials which, by
virtue of their physical or chemical composition or at their moisture
content will not compact properly, shall not be used for filling.
3.1.4 Granular backfill material
3.1.4.1 Granular backfill material shall be sand, crushed stone, crushed

gravel or a mixture of crushed and natural aggregates, shall be
essentially free from vegetative and other organic matter and clay,
and shall not contain lateritic or concretionary materials. The
material shall conform to the following physical and mechanical
quality requirements:
(i) The fines shall be non-plastic;

(ii) Sand shall have a gradation conforming to the envelope
shown in TABLE S1;
(iii) Material other than sand shall have a gradation conforming to
one of the envelopes shown in TABLE S2.
TABLE S1 : GRADING LIMITS FOR SAND BACKFILL
B.S. Sieve Size % Passing By Weight

10.0 mm 100
5.0 mm 90 - 100
1.18 mm 45 - 80
300 µm 10 - 30
150 µm 2 - 10
No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01

TABLE S2 : GRADING LIMIT FOR GRANULAR BACKFILL OTHER THAN SAND
B.S % Passing By Weight

Sieve Size A B C
37.5 mm 100 - -
28.0 mm 70 -100 100 -
20.0 mm 60 - 90 70 - 100 100
10.0 mm 45 - 75 45 - 75 -
5.0 mm 30 - 60 35 - 65 45 - 75
2.0 mm 20 - 50 25 - 50 30 - 60
425 µm 10 - 30 10 - 30 15 - 35
75 µm 0-2 0- 2 0-2
3.1.4.2 The granular backfill shall be placed in layers not to exceed 150
mm in depth and each layer shall be thoroughly compacted by
means of packers or mechanical tampers to a relative compaction
of not less than 95% Standard Proctor Density for the backfill
material at optimum moisture content.
4. Surface Water Drains
4.1 Surface drains shall be constructed with regard to both operation and ease of
maintenance and adequate gradient shall be provided to enable self-cleansing flow.
4.2 Where gradient designed is not practical or above the finished level, the Contractor
shall submit their proposal for the approval of the S.O.
4.3 Reinforced concrete struts shall be provided for all drain side walls exceeding 1.0 m
height. Handrails shall be provided for open drains more than 1.5 m width.
4.4 Types Of Surface Drains
4.4.1 Surface drains of all types shown on the Drawings shall be constructed
either unlined or lined using cast in situ concrete, precast or porous concrete
drain sections or stone pitching.
4.4.2 Unlined (earth) drains
4.4.2.1 The Contractor shall refer to approved plans for location, extent
and construction details as shown on the Drawing, or otherwise
4.4.2.2 Excavation for unlined/earth drains shall be trimmed to form a

smooth, firm surface to the required lines, levels, grades and
cross-sections as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the
S.O.
4.4.2.3 Any areas of over excavation shall be made good to the

satisfaction of the S.O., all at the expense of the Contractor.
4.4.2.4 The sides of cut drain shall not be steeper than 1:1.5 (V:H), while
fill slopes shall not be steeper than 1:2 (V:H).The surface water
shall be discharges to a stable outlet such that soil erosion is
prevented from occuring.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01

4.4.3 Lined drain
4.4.3.1 Lined drains shall be constructed from material proven to be

structurally sound and durable and have satisfactory jointing
systems. Unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, the maximum
steepness of the side slopes for lined open drains shall be as
indicated in TABLE S3.
TABLE S3: MAXIMUM STEEPNESS OF THE SIDE SLOPES
Maximum steepness of the

Drain lining
maximum side slopes (V:H)
Concrete, brickwork and blockwork Vertical
Stone Pitching 1:1.5
Grassed/Vegetated, rock riprap 1:2
4.4.3.2 All concrete works shall conform to the requirement in SECTION

D: CONCRETE WORKS of this Specification or unless otherwise
specified.
4.4.3.3 Lined drains shall be constructed by the following means ;
(i) Cast-in-situ concrete drains
a) Cast-in-situ concrete drains shall be Grade 25P concrete

unless otherwise stated. Weep holes shall be cast in-situ
as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.
b) Where the concrete grade is found to be of the lower

grade, the S.O. shall request the Contractor to do the
rectification work according to the requested proper
method.
(ii) Precast concrete drain
a) Precast concrete block iverts shall be of the shapes and

dimensions as shown on the Drawing and shall be of
Grade 25P concrete or unless otherwise specified.
b) The joint shall be grouted with cement mortar Grade 15P

and weep holes shall be provided as shown on the
Drawing or as directed by the S.O.
c) The S.O. shall have access to the casting yards where

the proprietary precast concrete product are being
utilized.A copy of the manufacturer’s test certificate shall
be provided to the S.O.
d) All inspections shall be conducted in the present of the

S.O.and any rectification works shall be carried out any
accordance to the method as approved by the S.O.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01

(iii) Cascade drains
Cascade drains shall be constructed from precast concrete

drain units and laid stepping on a 150 mm thick bed of mass
concrete of Grade 15P as shown on the Drawings or as
5. Subsoil Drain
5.1 This work shall include supply and installation of subsoil drains, constructed in
accordance with these Specifications at locations as shown on the Drawing and/or as
5.2 Minimum gradient of 1:100 shall be provided for the drain to discharge into existing
stormwater system, open drain, creek or pond in the area. The discharge shall not
create an unwanted bog.
5.3 The lateral drain shall have a minimum slope of 1:100 to ensure water always flowing
even though there are undulations and laid at 2 m spacing at 450 to the main
pipes/collector drain.
6. Sumps
6.1 Sumps shall be constructed as accordance to the Drawing or as directed by the S.O.
to facilitate changes in level and flow within a drainage system. All sumps shall be
covered either by concrete slab or galvanized steel grating hinged to the seating
frame on the sumps for safety purposes.
6.2 Unless otherwise as shown on the Drawings, sumps of depth less than 1.5 m
(internal depth) shall be made up of brickwalls of minimum 225 mm thickness. Sump
of depth (internal depth) more than 1.5 m shall use reinforced concrete Grade 20P.
7. Culverts
7.1 The work shall comprise of supply and installation of either reinforced concrete pipe
culverts or precast box culverts, including the end treatment components such as
headwall, wingwalls, aprons and sumps and channel protection works, all in
accordance with these Specifications and details as shown on the Drawings.
7.2 Culvert Bedding
7.2.1 Type A bedding shall consist of Grade 20P concrete and complying with
SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS.
7.2.2 Type B bedding shall consist of clean, natural sand or gravelly sand of
suitable gradation and quality with maximum particle size of not more than
12 mm.
7.3 Culvert Components
Culvert shall be constructed with barrel and end treatments including headwalls,
endwalls, wingwalls, outlet protection, inlet improvement and debris control
structures.

No. Dokumen : JKR 20800-0183-14
No. Keluaran : 01

7.4 Pipe Culverts
7.4.1 Pipe for culvert shall be of spun reinforced concrete of approved

manufacturers complying with MS 881 and approved by the S.O. with spun
concrete collars or spigot and socket type as shown on the Drawing.
7.4.2 The S.O. reserves the right to request for test certificates and to request for
tests to be carried out on samples, all at the Contractor's own cost.
7.5 Precast Box Culverts
7.5.1 Box culverts shall be of precast concrete of approved manufacturer

complying with MS 1293 or any equivalent alternative acceptable and
7.5.2 Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the box shall be capable of
withstanding a proof load test of 112.5 kN applied over an area of 320 mm x
320 mm at any position on the cover slab. The S.O. reserves the right to call
for test certificates on the concrete boxes supplied.
7.5.3 Individual sections of the box shall be rejected because of such defects
specified herein before for pipe culverts.
7.5.4 Precast box culverts shall be laid on Type B bedding with layer of crushed
aggregate of maximum particle size not exceeding 50 mm as shown on the
Drawings or directed by the S.O.
7.5.5 The maximum gap between each culvert shall not be more than 13 mm and
the difference in level shall less than 3 mm. The gap shall be filled with
cement mortar (1:3) with smooth finished.
7.5.6 To ensure uniform bearing, a layer of cement grout shall be spread along the
top of the walls of the invert where the lid shall sit.
8. On-site Detention Pond
8.1 On-site detention (OSD) pond shall be constructed in accordance to the Drawings
and conform to the requirements of MSMA.
8.2 Unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, the side slopes of basins shall not be
steeper than 1 (V): 6 (H). Fence and warning signs shall be provided.
8.3 The construction of detention pond shall include the system components at the inlet,
storage and outlet zone to cater outflow discharges without causing adverse effects
on downstream properties.
8.4 Maintenance shall be done periodically or as and when the silt has accumulated to
half of the pond height.

Earthworks Specs JKR 2014

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Earthworks Specs JKR 2014

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Earthworks Specs JKR 2014

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION B: EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS

TABLE B1 : Grading Limits Of Materials For Replacement

6. Filling Works B/8

TABLE B2 : Frequency Of Control Test For Earth

7. Protection And Maintenance For Erosion Control B/13

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

2. Site Clearing, Grubbing And Stripping Topsoil

2.1.1 Site clearing

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Grubbing shall consist of removal and disposal of surface vegetation, bases

2.1.3 Stripping topsoil

Stripping topsoil shall consist of the removal of topsoil to an average depth

3. Demolition Of Existing Structures

4. Relocation Of Existing Utilities And Services

5.1 General Requirements

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

for the completion of the works up to the formation levels, in accordance

5.1.5 Should the surface of completed areas be damaged by erosion or by any

5.1.6 The Contractor shall exercise care in preventing wastage of suitable

5.2.1 Formation level

5.2.2 Common excavation

5.2.3 Unsuitable materials

5.2.3.1 Unsuitable materials shall include:

a) which is susceptible to spontaneous combustion; or

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

5.2.4 Suitable materials

5.2.4.2 General fill shall generally comprise of suitable materials made up

5.2.4.3 Special fill shall comprise of material, which would otherwise be

5.2.5 Hard material

(i) Track-type tractor (dozer)

Equipment with minimum weight of 37 tonnes and nett

(ii) Ripping unit

The ripper to be attached to the above mentioned tractor

5.2.6.3 Boulders or detached pieces shall only be regarded as rock if

diameters shall be used to calculate the volume of boulder.

5.3 Dimensional Tolerances

5.4 Separation And Stockpiling Of Suitable Material

Where excavation reveals a combination of suitable and unsuitable materials, the

5.5 Removal Of Excavated Material From Site

5.6 Removal Of Unsuitable Material

5.7 Replacement Of Excavated Material Under Standing Water

Where it is decided by the S.O. that replacement of excavated material shall be

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

TABLE B1: GRADING LIMITS OF MATERIALS FOR REPLACEMENT OF EXCAVATED

B.S. Sieve Size % Passing By Weight

5.8 Sides Of Excavation

5.9 Widening Cuts

5.10 Excavation Of Rock

5.10.1 Rock excavation shall be carried out by methods appropriate to site

5.10.2 Where the excavation is too hard to be performed by digging, dozing,

5.10.6 Otherwise, excavated rock shall be used in the construction of embankment

(i) Excavated rock shall be broken down to a maximum particle size of

(ii) Excavated rock shall be broken down to a maximum particle size of

5.11 Storage And Handling Of Explosives

Proper buildings or magazines, with separate compartments for detonators, in

5.13 Safety Measures

5.14 Insecure Material

6.2 Borrow Pits