Rule 128

General Provisions

Quantum of Evidence
Tan, Jr. v. Hosana, G.R. No. 190846, February 3, 2016
Tolentino v. Mendoza, A.C. No. 5151, October 19, 2004
Riño v. Employees Compensation Commission, G.R. No. 132558, May 9, 2000
People v. Caranguian, G.R. No. 124514, July 6, 2000

Sec. 3. Admissibility of evidence

People v. Del Monte y Gapay, G.R. No. 179940, April 23, 2008
BSB Group, Inc. v. Go, G.R. No. 168644, February 16, 2010
People v. Galleno, G.R. No. 123546, July 2, 1998
De Jesus v. Sanchez-Malit, A.C. No. 6470, July 8, 2014
People v. Samontañez, G.R. No. 134530, December 4, 2000
OCA vs. Lerma, A.M. No. RTJ-07-2076, October 12, 2010
People vs. Ilisan, G.R. No. 179487 November 15, 2010

Rule 129
What Need Not Be Proved

Spouses Latip v. Chua, G.R. No. 177809, October 16, 2009

Sec. 1. Mandatory Judicial Notice

Siena Realty Corp. v. Gal-lang, G.R. No. 145169, May 13, 2004
B.E. San Diego, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 159230, October 18, 2010
Atienza v. Board of Medicine, G.R. No. 177407, February 9, 2011
People v. Documento, G.R. No. 188706 (Resolution), March 17, 2010
Department of Environment and Natural Resources v. DENR Region 12
Employees, G.R. No. 149724, August 19, 2003
||Peltan Development, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 117029, March 19, 1997
People v. Sevilleno y Villanueva, G.R. No. 129058, March 29, 1999

Sec. 2. Discretionary Judicial Notice

Candelaria v. People, G.R. No. 209386, December 8, 2014

Habagat Grill v. DMC-Urban Property Developer Inc., G.R. No. 155110, March
31, 2005

Sec. 3. Judicial Notice, When Hearing Necessary

People v. Tundag, G.R. Nos. 135695-96, October 12, 2000

People v. Liban, G.R. Nos. 136247 & 138330, November 22, 2000
Sec. 4. Judicial Admissions

Alfelor v. Halasan, G.R. No. 165987, March 31, 2006

People v. Castillo y Lumayro, G.R. Nos. 131592-93, February 15, 2000
Tan v. People, G.R. No. 218902, October 17, 2016
Eastern Shipping Lines, Inc. v. BPI/MS Insurance Corp., G.R. No. 182864,
January 12, 2015
Constantino v. Heirs of Constantino, Jr., G.R. No. 181508, October 2, 2013
Atillo III v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119053 (Resolution), January 23, 1997

Rule 130
Rules of Admissibility

A. Object (Real Evidence)

Sec. 1. Object as Evidence

People v. Rullepa y Guinto, G.R. No. 131516, March 5, 2003

Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Reyes, G.R. No. 157177, February 11, 2008
Ricalde v. People, G.R. No. 211002, January 21, 2015

B. Documentary Evidence

Sec. 2. Documentary Evidence

1. Best Evidence Rule

Sec. 3. Original Document Must be Produced

Consolidated Bank and Trust Corp. v. Del Monte Motor Works Inc., G.R. No.
143338, July 29, 2005
Atienza v. Board of Medicine, G.R. No. 177407, February 9, 2011
Bayani Magdayao v. People, G.R. No. 152881, August 17, 2004
Estrada v. Desierto, G.R. Nos. 146710-15, 146738 (Resolution), April 3, 2001
Manila Mining Corporation v. Tan, G.R. No. 171702, February 12, 2009
People v. Casingal, G.R. No. 132214, August 1, 2000
Josef v. People, G.R. No. 146424, November 18, 2005
Lorenzana v. Lelina, G.R. No. 187850, August 17, 2016
People v. Mantis, G.R. Nos. 150613-14, [June 29, 2004
People v. Cayabyab, G.R. No. 167147, August 3, 2005
Heirs of Prodon v. Heirs of Alvarez, G.R. No. 170604, September 2, 2013
Marquez v. Espejo, G.R. No. 168387, August 25, 2010
Nissan North Edsa v. United Philippine Scout Veterans Detective and Protective
Agency, G.R. No. 179470, April 20, 2010
Arceo, Jr. v. People, G.R. No. 142641, July 17, 2006

Rule on Electronic Evidence

Garcillano v. House of Representatives Committees on Public Information, G.R.

No. 170338, 179275, December 23, 2008
People v. Enojas y Hingpit, G.R. No. 204894, March 10, 2014
Maliksi v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 203302, March 12, 2013
Bartolome v. Maranan, A.M. No. P-11-2979, November 18, 2014
MCC Industial Sales Corp. v. Ssangyong Corp., G.R. No. 170633, October 17,
2007
Garvida v. Sales, Jr., G.R. No. 124893, April 18, 1997
National Power Corporation v. Codilla, Jr., G.R. No. 170491, April 3, 2007

Sec. 4. Original of Document

Bank of the Philippine Islands v. SMP, Inc., G.R. No. 175466 (Resolution),
December 23, 2009
Capital Shoes Factory, Ltd. v. Traveler Kids, Inc., G.R. No. 200065, September 24,
2014

2. Secondary Evidence

Sec. 5. When Original document is unavailable

Dantis v. Maghinang, Jr., G.R. No. 191696, April 10, 2013

Country Bankers Insurance Corp. v. Lagman, G.R. No. 165487, July 13, 2011
Republic v. Spouses Mateo, G.R. No. 148025, August 13, 2004
Citibank v. Teodoro, G.R. No. 150905, September 23, 2003

Sec. 6. When original document is in adverse party’s custody or control

Bayani Magdayao v. People, G.R. No. 152881, August 17, 2004

Sec. 7. Evidence Admissible when the original document is a public record

Republic v. Development Resources Corp., G.R. No. 180218, December 18, 2009
Bunagan-Bansig v. Celera, A.C. No. 5581, January 14, 2014
Saad Agro-Industries, Inc. v. Republic, G.R. No. 152570, September 27, 2006
Cabugao y Sison v. People, G.R. No. 158033, July 30, 2004
Sec. 8. Party who calls for document not bound to offer it

Rule 27, Rules of Court

3. Parol Evidence Rule

Sec. 9. Evidence of written agreements

Pilipinas Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141060, September 29, 2000
Eagleridge Development Corp. v. Cameron Granville 3 Asset Management, Inc.,
G.R. No. 204700 (Resolution), November 24, 2014
Manila Electric Co. v. Heirs of Spouses Deloy, G.R. No. 192893, June 5, 2013
Spouses Paras v. Kimwa Construction and Development Corp., G.R. No. 171601,
April 8, 2015
Marquez v. Espejo, G.R. No. 168387, August 25, 2010
Spouses Amoncio v. Benedicto, G.R. No. 171707, July 28, 2008
Spouses Trinidad v. Imson, G.R. No. 197728, September 16, 2015
Leighton Contractors Philippines, Inc. v. CNP Industries, Inc., G.R. No. 160972,
March 9, 2010
Rosario Textile Mills Corp. v. Home Bankers Savings and Trust Co., G.R. No.
137232, June 29, 2005

4. Interpretation of Documents

Sec. 10. Interpretation of a writing according to its legal meaning

Sec. 11. Instrument construed so as to give effect to all provisions

Home Development Mutual Fund v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118972, April 3,
1998
BPI-Family Savings Bank, Inc. v. Spouses Domingo, G.R. No. 158676, November
27, 2006
Development Bank of the Phils. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 137557, October 30,
2000
De Mesa v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 106467-68, October 19, 1999
Multinational Village Homeowners Association Inc. v. Ara Security &
Surveillance Agency, G.R. No. 154852, October 21, 2004

Sec. 12. Interpretation according to intention; general and particular provisions

Cañedo v. Kampilan Security and Detective Agency, Inc., G.R. No. 179326, July
31, 2013
Sec. 13. Interpretation according to circumstance

Sec. 14. Peculiar signification of terms

Moreno, Jr. v. Private Management Office, G.R. No. 159373, November 16, 2006
Jimenez v. Reyes, G.R. No. 8227, March 9, 1914
Security Bank Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141733, February 8, 2007
Enriquez v. A. S. Watson & Co. Ltd., G.R. No. 7180, March 30, 1912

Sec. 15. Written words control printed

Jarque v. Smith, Bell & Co., Ltd., G.R. No. 32986, November 11, 1930]
De los Santos v. Vibar, G.R. No. 150931, July 16, 2008

Sec. 16. Experts and interpreters to be used in explaining certain writings

Sec. 17. Of two constructions, which preferred

Horrigan v. Troika Commercial Inc., G.R. No. 148411, November 29, 2005
Asturias Sugar Central, Inc. v. Pure Cane Molasses Co., G.R. No. 36026A,
November 16, 1932
Enriquez v. A. S. Watson & Co. Ltd., G.R. No. 7180, March 30, 1912

Sec. 18. Construction in favor of natural right

Sec. 19. Interpretation according to usage

C. Testimonial Evidence

1. Qualification of Witnesses

Sec. 20. Witnesses; their qualifications

Armed Forces of the Philippines Retirement and Separation Benefits System v.

Republic, G.R. No. 188956, March 20, 2013
People v. Umali y Amado, G.R. No. 84450, February 4, 1991
People v. Aleman y Longhas, G.R. No. 181539, July 24, 2013
People v. Hamto y Coderas, G.R. No. 128137, August 2, 2001
People v. Deauna, G.R. Nos. 143200-01, August 1, 2002

Rule on Examination of a Child Witness, A.M. No. 004-07-SC, December 15,

2000

People v. Esugon y Avila, G.R. No. 195244, June 22, 2015

People v. Ibañez y Albante, G.R. No. 197813, September 25, 2013

Sec. 21. Disqualification by reason of mental incapacity or immaturity

People v. Obogne, G.R. No. 199740 (Resolution), March 24, 2014

Dulla v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123164, February 18, 2000

Sec. 22. Disqualification by reason of marriage

Alvarez v. Ramirez, G.R. No. 143439, October 14, 2005

People v. Pasensoy, G.R. No. 140634, September 12, 2002

Sec. 23. Disqualification by reason of death or insanity of adverse party

Tan v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125861, September 9, 1998

Garcia v. Vda. de Caparas, G.R. No. 180843, April 17, 2013
Hko Ah Pao v. Ting, G.R. No. 153476, September 27, 2006

Sec. 24. Disqualification by reason of privileged communication

Eagleridge Development Corp. v. Cameron Granville 3 Asset Management, Inc.,

G.R. No. 204700 (Resolution), November 24, 2014
Air Philippines Corp. v. Pennswell, Inc., G.R. No. 172835, December 13, 2007

a. husband and wife

Zulueta v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 107383, February 20, 1996

b. attorney and client

Hilado v. David, G.R. No. L-961, September 21, 1949

Regala v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 105938, 108113, September 20, 1996
Sanvicente v. People, G.R. No. 132081, November 26, 2002

c. person authorized to practice medicine and patient

Gonzales v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 117740, October 30, 1998

Lim v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 91114, September 25, 1992
Chan v. Chan, G.R. No. 179786, July 24, 2013

d. minister or priest and person making the confession

e. public officer
f. others

Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and

Investigations, G.R. No. 180643, March 25, 2008
Pentagon Steel Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 174141, June 26, 2009

2. Testimonial Privilege

Sec. 25. Parental and filial privilege

Lee v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 177861, July 13, 2010

People v. Invencion y Soriano, G.R. No. 131636, March 5, 2003

3. Admissions and Confessions

Sec. 26. Admissions of a Party

People v. Omictin y Singco, G.R. No. 188130, July 26, 2010

Heirs of Clemeña y Zurbano v. Heirs of Bien, G.R. No. 155508, September 11,
2006

Sec. 27. Offer of compromise not admissible

People v. Magdadaro y Gerona, G.R. Nos. 89370-72, May 15, 1991

Tan v. Rodil Enterprises, G.R. No. 168071, December 18, 2006
Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. PAL Employees Savings & Loan Association, Inc.,
G.R. No. 201073, February 10, 2016
San Miguel Corp. v. Kalalo, G.R. No. 185522, June 13, 2012
People v. Erguiza, G.R. No. 171348, November 26, 2008

Sec. 28. Admission by third-party/ Res inter alios acta, Part One

Tamargo v. Awingan, G.R. No. 177727, January 19, 2010

Reyes v. Ombudsman, G.R. Nos. 212593-94, 213163-78, 213540-41, 213542-43,
215880-94 & 213475-76, March 15, 2016
Salapuddin v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 184681 (Resolution), February 25, 2013

Sec. 29. Admission by co-partner or agent

Learning Child, Inc. v. Ayala Alabang Village Association, G.R. No. 134269,
134440, 144518, July 7, 2010
Narra Nickel Mining & Development Corp. v. Redmont Consolidated Mines
Corp., G.R. No. 195580, April 21, 2014
Sec. 30. Admission by conspirator

People v. Bokingco, G.R. No. 187536, August 10, 2011

People v. Cachuela, G.R. No. 191752, June 10, 2013
People v. Constancio y Bacungay, G.R. No. 206226, April 4, 2016
People v. Comiling, G.R. No. 140405, March 4, 2004

Sec. 31. Admission by privies

Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 152154, July 15, 2003

Sec. 32. Admission by silence

People v. Roa, G.R. Nos. 138195-96, July 10, 2003

People v. Magdadaro y Gerona, G.R. Nos. 89370-72, May 15, 1991
Solas v. Power Telephone Supply Phils., Inc., G.R. No. 162332, August 28, 2008

Sec. 33. Confession

People v. Satorre, G.R. No. 133858, August 12, 2003

People v. Bascugin y Agquiz, G.R. No. 184704, June 30, 2009
People v. Muit, G.R. No. 181043, October 8, 2008

Ra 7438, An Act Defining Certain Rights Of Person Arrested, Detained Or Under

Custodial Investigation As Well As The Duties Of The Arresting, Detaining And
Investigating Officers, And Providing Penalties For Violations Thereof
People v. Omilig y Mancia, G.R. No. 206296, August 12, 2015
People v. Chi Chan Liu, G.R. No. 189272, January 21, 2015
Mesina v. People, G.R. No. 162489, June 17, 2015

4. Previous Conduct as Evidence

Sec. 34. Similar acts as evidence/ Res inter alios acta, Part 2

Tanzo v. Drilon, G.R. No. 106671, March 30, 2000

People v. Acosta, G.R. No. 126351, February 18, 2000

Sec. 35. Unaccepted offer

Mclaughlin v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-57552, October 10, 1986

 5. Testimonial Knowledge

Sec. 36 Testimony generally confined to personal knowledge; hearsay

excluded

Espineli v. People, G.R. No. 179535, June 9, 2014

Gulam v. Spouses Santos, G.R. No. 151458, August 31, 2006
Bayani v. People, G.R. No. 155619, August 14, 2007

6. Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule

Sec. 37. Dying Declaration

People v. De Las Eras y Zafra, G.R. No. 134128, September 28, 2001
People v. Peña, G.R. No. 133964, February 13, 2002
People v. Norrudin, G.R. No. 129053, January 25, 2002

Sec. 38. Declaration Against Interest

Lazaro v. Agustin, G.R. No. 152364, April 15, 2010

Parel v. Prudencio, G.R. No. 146556, April 19, 2006
Phil. Free Press Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 132864, October 24, 2005

Sec. 39. Act or declaration about pedigree

Herrera v. Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005

Dela Cruz v. Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Tecson v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 161434, 161634, 161824, March 3,
2004

Sec. 40. Family reputation or tradition regarding pedigree

People v. Gallano y Jaranilla, G.R. No. 184762, February 25, 2015

Sec. 41. Common reputation

Civil Service Commission v. Belagan, G.R. No. 132164, October 19, 2004

Sec. 42. Part of the res gestae

DBP Pool of Accredited Insurance Co. v. Radio Mindanao Network, Inc., G.R.
No. 147039, January 27, 2006
People v. Lobrigas, G.R. No. 147649, December 17, 2002
Capila y Rayuma v. People, G.R. No. 146161, July 17, 2006
People v. Palanas, G.R. No. 214453, June 17, 2015
Talidano v. Falcon Maritime & Allied Services, Inc., G.R. No. 172031, July 14,
2008

Sec. 43. Entries in the course of business

Jose, Jr. v. Michaelmar Phils., Inc., G.R. No. 169606, November 27, 2009
Land Bank of the Phils. v. Monet's Export and Manufacturing Corp., G.R. No.
184971, April 19, 2010
Security Bank & Trust Co. v. Gan, G.R. No. 150464, [June 27, 2006
Sec. 44. Entries in Official Records

DST Movers Corp. v. People's General Insurance Corp., G.R. No. 198627, January
13, 2016
Barcelon, Roxas Securities, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, G.R. No.
157064, August 7, 2006
Dimaguila v. Spouses Monteiro, G.R. No. 201011, January 27, 2014

Sec. 45. Commercial lists and the like

Manila Electric Co. v. Quisumbing, G.R. No. 127598 (Resolution), February 22,
2000

Sec. 46. Learned treatises

Paje, et al., v. Casiño, et al., G.R. Nos. 207257-76, 207282 & 207366, February 3,
2015

Sec. 47. Testimony or deposition at a former proceeding

Ilao-Quianay, et al., v. Mapile, G.R. No. 154087, October 25, 2005

Ambray, et al., v. Tsourous, et al., G.R. No. 209264, July 5, 2016

7. Opinion rule

Sec. 48. General Rule

Sec. 49. Opinion of expert witness

Marcos v. Heirs of Late Dr. Andres Navarro, Jr., G.R. No. 198240, July 3, 2013
Tabao v. People, G.R. No. 187246, July 20, 2011
Sec. 50. Opinion of ordinary witnesses

Dela Llana v. Biong, G.R. No. 182356, December 4, 2013

Hernandez v. San Juan-Santos, G.R. Nos. 166470 & 169217, August 7, 2009
Sps. Lim, et al., v. Chuatoco, et al., G.R. No. 161861, March 11, 2005

8. Character evidence

Sec. 51. Character evidence not generally admissible; exceptions

People v. Lee, G.R. No. 139070, May 29, 2002

Rule 131
Burden of Proof and Presumptions

Sec. 1. Burden of Proof

Supreme Transliner, Inc., et al., v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 125356,
November 21, 2001
People v. Kinok, et al., G.R. No. 104629, November 13, 2001

Sec. 2. Conclusive presumptions

Sec. 3. Disputable presumptions

Rule 132
Presentation of Evidence

A. Examination of Witness

Sec. 1. Examination to be done in open court

People v. Go, G.R. Nos. 130714 and 139634, 140845-46, December 27, 2002
San Luis v. Rojas, G.R. No. 159127, March 3, 2008
Santamaria v. Cleary, G.R. Nos. 197122 &197161, June 15, 2016

Rule on Examination of a Child Witness, A.M. No. 004-07-SC, December 15, 2000

Sec. 2. Proceedings to be recorded

Sec. 3. Rights and obligations of a witness

Lee v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 177861, July 13, 2010

Sec. 4. Order in the examination of an individual witness

Sec. 5. Direct examination

Judicial Affidavit Rule

Sec. 6. Cross-examination; its purpose and extent

People v. Ortillas y Gamlanga, G.R. No. 137666, May 20, 2004

People v. Estibal y Calungsag, G.R. No. 208749, November 26, 2014

Sec. 7. Re-direct examination; its purpose and extent

Sec. 8. Re-cross-examination

Sec. 9. Recalling witness

People v. Ortillas y Gamlanga, G.R. No. 137666, May 20, 2004

Zaldivar v. People, G.R. No. 197056 (Resolution), March 2, 2016

Sec. 10. Leading and misleading questions

Dulla v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123164, February 18, 2000

Rule on Examination of a Child Witness, A.M. No. 004-07-SC, December 15, 2000

Sec. 11. Impeachment of adverse party’s witness

Civil Service Commission v. Belagan, G.R. No. 132164, October 19, 2004

Sec. 12. Party may not impeach his own witness

Gomez v. Gomez-Samson, G.R. No. 156284, February 6, 2007

Ng Meng Tam v. China Banking Corp., G.R. No. 214054, August 5, 2015

Sec. 13. How witness impeached by evidence of inconsistent statements

People v. Doca, G.R. No. 126781, September 13, 2000

People v. Sambahon y Nueva, G.R. No. 182789, August 3, 2010
People v. Bajada y Bautista, G.R. No. 180507, November 20, 2008

Sec. 14. Evidence of good character of witness

Sec. 15. Exclusion and separation of witnesses

People v. Sandal, G.R. Nos. 32394, 32395, September 5, 1930

Design Sources International, Inc. v. Eristingcol, G.R. No. 193966, February 19,
2014

Sec. 16. When witness may refer to memorandum

Borromeo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-31342, L-31740, April 7, 1976

Canque v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 96202, April 13, 1999

Sec. 17. When part of transaction, writing or record given in evidence, the
remainder admissible

People v. Rivera, G.R. No. 139180, July 31, 2001

Chan v. Chan, G.R. No. 179786, July 24, 2013

Sec. 18. Right to inspect writing shown to witness

B. Authentication and Proof of Documents

Sec. 19. Classes of Documents

Patula v. People, G.R. No. 164457, April 11, 2012

Salas v. Sta. Mesa Market Corp., G.R. No. 157766, July 12, 2007
Republic v. Spouses Gimenez, G.R. No. 174673, January 11, 2016
Iwasawa v. Gangan, G.R. No. 204169, September 11, 2013
Heirs of Ochoa v. G & S Transport Corp., G.R. No. 170071, 170125 (Resolution),
July 16, 2012

Sec. 20. Proof of Private Document

Patula v. People, G.R. No. 164457, April 11, 2012

Malayan Insurance Co., v. Philippine Nails & Wires Corp., G.R. No. 138084,
April 10, 2002
Dycoco v. Orina, G.R. No. 184843, July 30, 2010

Sec. 21. When evidence of authenticity of private document not necessary

Sec. 22. How genuineness of handwriting proved

Progressive Trade & Service Enterprises v. Antonio, G.R. No. 179502, September
18, 2009
Raz v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 73010, April 27, 1990

Sec. 23. Public documents as evidence

Sec. 24. Proof of official record

Nedlloyd Lijnen B.V. Rotterdam v. Glow Laks Enterprises, Ltd., G.R. No. 156330,
November 19, 2014
Heirs of Spouses Arcilla v. Teodoro, G.R. No. 162886, August 11, 2008

Sec. 25. What attestation of copy must state

Nedlloyd Lijnen B.V. Rotterdam v. Glow Laks Enterprises, Ltd., G.R. No. 156330,
November 19, 2014
Sobejana-Condon v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 198742, August 10, 2012

Sec. 26. Irremovability of public record

Sec. 27. Public record of a private document

Salas v. Sta. Mesa Market Corp., G.R. No. 157766, July 12, 2007

Sec. 28. Proof of lack of record

Abbas v. Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013

Kho v. Republic, G.R. No. 187462, June 1, 2016
Vitangcol v. People, G.R. No. 207406, January 13, 2016

Sec. 29. How judicial record impeached

Yucuanseh Drug Co., Inc., et al., v. National Labor Union, G.R. No. L-9900, April
30, 1957

Sec. 30. Proof of notarial documents

Destreza v. Riñoza-Plazo, G.R. No. 176863, October 30, 2009

Gutierrez v. Mendoza-Plaza, G.R. No. 185477, December 4, 2009

Sec. 31. Alterations in document, how to explain

Cabotaje v. Pudunan, G.R. No. 134712, August 13, 2004

Republic v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 175493, March 25, 2015
Spouses Cirelos v. Spouses Hernandez, G.R. No. 146523

Sec. 32. Seal

Sec. 33. Documentary evidence in an unofficial language

People v. Tomaquin, G.R. No. 133188, July 23, 2004

Pisueña v. Unating, G.R. No. 132803, August 31, 1999

C. Offer and Objection

Sec. 34. Offer of Evidence

Ala-Martin v. Sultan, G.R. No. 117512, October 2, 2001

Parel v. Prudencio, G.R. No. 146556, April 19, 2006
Westmont Investment Corporation v. Francia, Jr., G.R. No. 194128, December 7,
2011
Republic v. Go, G.R. No. 168288, January 25, 2017

Sec. 35. When to make offer

People v. Vargas, G.R. No. 122765, October 13, 2003

People v. Dequito, G.R. No. 132544, May 12, 2000
Rodson Philippines, Inc., v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141857, June 9, 2004

Sec. 36. Objection

People v. Mendoza, G.R. No. 180501, December 24, 2008

Chan v. Chan, G.R. No. 179786, July 24, 2013
People v. Boras, G.R. No. 127495, December 22, 2000

Sec. 37. When repetition of objection unnecessary

Sec. 38. Ruling

Report on the Judicial Audit Conducted in RTC Branches 29, 56 & 57, Libmanan,
Camarines Sur, A.M. No. 98-1-11-RTC, October 7, 1999

Sec. 39. Striking out answer

Gochan v. Gochan, G.R. No. 143089, February 27, 2003

Sec. 40. Tender of excluded evidence

Yu v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 154115, November 29, 2005

Fortune Tobacco Corporation v. CIR, G.R. No. 192024, July 1, 2015
Catacutan v. People, G.R. No. 175991, August 31, 2011
 Rule 133
Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence

Sec. 1. Preponderance of evidence

Ogawa v. Menigishi, G.R. No. 193089, July 9, 2012

Spouses Sevilla v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 150284, November 22, 2010

Sec. 2. Proof beyond reasonable doubt

Amanquiton v. People, G.R. No. 186080, August 14, 2009

San Mateo v. People, G.R. No. 200090, March 6, 2013

Sec. 3. Extrajudicial confession, not sufficient ground for conviction

People v. Licayan y Sucano, G.R. No. 144422, February 28, 2002

Sec. 4. Circumstantial evidence, when sufficient

People v. Abdulah, G.R. No. 182518, January 20, 2009

Espineli v. People, G.R. No. 179535, June 9, 2014

Sec. 5. Substantial evidence

Office of the Ombudsman v. Zaldarriaga, G.R. No. 175349, June 22, 2010

Sec. 6. Power of the court to stop further evidence

Go v. Looyuko, G.R. No. 147923, 147962, 154035, October 26, 2007

Sec. 7. Evidence on motion

Parel v. Prudencio, G.R. No. 146556, April 19, 2006

Rule on DNA Evidence

People v. Umanito, G.R. No. 172607, October 26, 2007

Herrera v. Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005
Estate of Rogelio G. Ong v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, December 17, 2007
Lejano v. People, G.R. No. 176389, December 14, 2010