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Fuzzy logic controller on DC/DC boost converter

Article · November 2010

DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2010.5697663

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 2010 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon2010), Nov 29 - Dec 1, 2010, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Fuzzy Logic Controller on DC/DC

Boost Converter
*N.F Nik Ismail , Member IEEE ,Email: [email protected]
* I. Musirin, Member IEEE . Email:[email protected]
* R. Baharom, Member IEEE, Email: [email protected]
* D.Johari, Email:[email protected]

Abstract – This paper describes the design of a fuzzy logic

controller using voltage output as feedback for significantly
improving the dynamic performance of boost dc-dc converter
by using MATLAB@Simulink software. The objective of this
proposed methodology is to develop fuzzy logic controller on
control boost dc-dc converter using MATLAB@Simulink
software. The fuzzy logic controller has been implemented to
Figure 1: A basic Boost DC-DC Converter
the system by developing fuzzy logic control algorithm. The
design and calculation of the components especially for the
inductor has been done to ensure the converter operates in
continuous conduction mode. The evaluation of the output
has been carried out and compared by software simulation 1.2 DC/DC Controller
using MATLAB software between the open loop and closed
loop circuit. The simulation results are shown that voltage
DC-to-DC converters have been dominating controlled
output is able to be control in steady state condition for boost
dc-dc converter by using this methodology. by analogue integrated circuit technology and linear
system control design techniques. In recent years, with
Keywords – Fuzzy Logic Controller, Boost Converter, rapidly development of advanced high-speed digital
Dc-Dc Converter, MATLAB @Simulink Software circuits, digital control will slowly replace the currently
used analogue controller in high frequency switching
converters. The intelligent power supplies are expected
1.0 INTRODUCTION to play an important role in aerospace, communication,
and automobile industries in the near future [2].
Nowadays, the control systems for many power
electronic appliances have been increasing widely. Conventionally, PI, PD and PID controller are most
Crucial with these demands, many researchers or popular controllers and widely used in most power
designers have been struggling to find the most electronic closed loop appliances however recently there
economic and reliable controller to meet these demands. are many researchers reported successfully adopted
The idea to have a control system in dc-dc converter is Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) to become one of
to ensure desired voltage output can be produced intelligent controllers to their appliances [3]. With
efficiently as compared to open loop system. respect to their successful methodology implementation,
control closed loop boost converter and opened loop
boost converter will compare the efficiency of the
1.1 Boost DC/DC Converter converters. This kind of methodology implemented in
this paper is using fuzzy logic controller with feed back
The boost converter is one of the most important by introduction of voltage output respectively. The
nonisolated step-up converters. A boost converter is a introduction of voltage output in the circuit will be fed
power converter with an output dc voltage greater than to fuzzy controller to give appropriate measure on
its input dc voltage [1]. It is a class of switching-mode steady state signal. The fuzzy logic controller serves as
power supply (SMPS) containing at least two intelligent controller for this propose. This methodology
semiconductor switches (a diode and a transistor) and at can be easily applied to many dc-dc converter
least one energy storage element. Filters made of topologies such as Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost.
inductor and capacitor combinations are often added to a
converter’s output to improve performance. Boost L. A. Zadeh presented the first paper on fuzzy set theory
converter is a dc-to-dc converter that steps up the dc in 1965. Since then, a new language was developed to
voltage from its fixed low level to a desired high level. describe the fuzzy properties of reality, which are very
difficult and sometime even impossible to be described
using conventional methods. Fuzzy set theory has been

978-1-4244-8946-6/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE 661

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widely used in the control area with some application to
dc-to-dc converter system. A simple fuzzy logic control
is built up by a group of rules based on the human
knowledge of system behaviour. Matlab/Simulink
simulation model is built to study the dynamic
behaviour of dc-to-dc converter and performance of
proposed controllers. Furthermore, design of fuzzy logic
controller can provide desirable both small signal and
large signal dynamic performance at same time, which
is not possible with linear control technique. Thus, fuzzy
logic controller has been potential ability to improve the
robustness of dc-to-dc converters. The basic scheme of a
fuzzy logic controller is shown in figure 2 and consists
of four principal components such as: a fuzzyfication
interface, which converts input data into suitable
Figure 3: Block diagram of the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)
linguistic values; a knowledge base, which consists of a for dc-dc converters [5].
data base with the necessary linguistic definitions and
the control rule set; a decision-making logic which,
simulating a human decision process, infer the fuzzy
control action from the knowledge of the control rules
2.0 METHODOLOGY
and linguistic variable definitions; a defuzzification
This section explains the methodology to be employed
interface which yields non fuzzy control action from an
in this project. Figure 4 shows the procedures that will
inferred fuzzy control action [4].
be taken in the process of completing this project.

Figure 2: General structure of the fuzzy logic controller on

closed-loop system [4].

The fuzzy control systems are based on expert

knowledge that converts the human linguistic concepts
into an automatic control strategy without any
complicated mathematical model [5]. Simulation is
performed in boost converter to verify the proposed Figure 4: Methodology Flowchart.
fuzzy logic controllers.
2.1 Fuzzy Logic Controller for Boost
Dc-Dc Converter

An analysis of boost converter circuit revealed that the

inductor current plays significant task in dynamic
response of boost converter. Additionally, it can provide
the storage energy information in the converter. Thus,
any changes on the inductor current may affect output
voltage and output voltage will provide steady state
condition information of converter. However, the three
main parameters need to be considered when designing

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boost converters are power switch, inductor and
capacitor. In this objective to achieve the desired output
voltage and the stability is by designing the power
switch [6].

2.2 Analytical Expressions

There are few types of power switches in order to

develop the design. The common power switches are Figure 6: The Membership Function plots of error.
BJT, power MOSFET, IGBT etc. Since the
characteristics of the MOSFET are fast switching and
voltage driven, they have been chosen for the power
switching in this designing requirement. In this case, the
parameters value of design requirement for the boost dc-
dc converter is been set. The value of the parameter can
be determined as illustrated in Table I below:

Table I

The parameters and values for the boost dc-dc converter. Figure 7: The Membership Function plots of change error.

Figure 8: The Membership Function plots of duty ratio.

2.4 Fuzzy Logic Table Rules

The objective of this dissertation is to control the output

voltage of the boost converter. The error and change of
error of the output voltage will be the inputs of fuzzy
logic controller. These 2 inputs are divided into five
groups; NB: Negative Big, NS: Negative Small, ZO:
2.3 Fuzzy Logic Membership Function Zero Area, PS: Positive small and PB: Positive Big and
its parameter [8][9][10]. These fuzzy control rules for
The boost dc-dc converter is a nonlinear function of the error and change of error can be referred in the table that
duty cycle because of the small signal model and its is shown in Table II as per below:
control method was applied to the control of boost
converters. Fuzzy controllers do not require an exact Table II
mathematical model. Instead, they are designed based Table rules for error and change of error.
on general knowledge of the plant. Fuzzy controllers are
designed to adapt to varying operating points. Fuzzy
Logic Controller is designed to control the output of
boost dc-dc converter using Mamdani style fuzzy
inference system. Two input variables, error (e) and
change of error (de) are used in this fuzzy logic system.
The single output variable (u) is duty cycle of PWM
output [7].

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 voltage, mosfet voltage, diode voltage, step response etc
for the open
3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The evaluation on this dc-dc boost converter, analyzes loop and closed loop circuit had been evaluated and the
had been performed. The input voltage was set at 20 V simulation results were taken. The simulation had been
and the voltage reference was set at 40 V. The output carried out accordingly based on the calculated value as
voltage, output current, inductor current, capacitor follows:
Vin = 20 volt, Vref = 40 volt, R = 80 ohm, C = 2100 µF,
L = 1.55 mH, Sample time, Ts = 5 µsec, PWM sample time 10 µsec

Figure 12 (a): Results on Output Voltage for Figure 12 (b): Results on Output Voltage for
open loop circuit boost dc-dc converter. closed loop circuit boost dc-dc converter.

Figure 13 (a): Results on Output Current for Figure 13 (b): Results on Output Current for
open loop circuit boost dc-dc converter. closed loop circuit boost dc-dc converter.

Figure 14 (a): Results on Inductor Current for Figure 14 (b): Results on Inductor Current for
open loop circuit boost dc-dc converter. closed loop circuit boost dc-dc converter.

Figure 15 (a): Results on Capacitor Voltage for open loop circuit boost dc-dc converter.

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 Figure 15 (b): Results on Capacitor Voltage for closed loop circuit boost dc-dc converter.
Figure 12 (a) and 12 (b) shows the simulation results on rise time, peak time and settling time. This comparison
the output voltage of the open loop and closed loop is based on the 2nd order Step Response System. This
circuit. At output voltage of the open loop circuit analysis is shown as Figure 16 where the reading on
showed that voltage boost up for a value of 72 V. This overshoot ratio, rise time, peak time and settling time
showed that open loop circuit produced an overshoot were taken.
voltage however this scenario did not happen in closed
Table III
loop circuit. In closed loop circuit the output voltage
boost up till 40 V. The fuzzy logic controller plays it The reading on Peak Overshoot Ratio, Rise Time, Peak Time and
roles to control the voltage output as the desired Settling Time from open loop circuit boost dc-dc converter.
requirement. It proved that the fuzzy logic controller
successfully control the overshoot value better than Voltage Voltage Peak Rise Peak Settling
system without fuzzy logic controller with the same Input Referenc Overshoot Time Time Time
input voltage 20V and the settling time for the closed (V) e (V) Ratio (%) (mS) (mS) (mS)
loop converter is much faster. 20 30 0.86% 5.535 10.600 391.2000
0 0
Next take a look at the output current simulation results 20 35 0.84% 6.272 12.800 363.4000
on Figure 13(a) for open loop circuit and Figure 13(b) 0 0
for closed loop circuit. The system with fuzzy logic 20 40 0.79% 7.405 13.700 311.4000
controller had controlled the current of output by driving 0 0
it to produce the desired current that needed by the
system and eliminating the overshoot current. The Table IV
scenario is at the inductor current simulation results The reading on Peak Overshoot Ratio, Rise Time, Peak Time and
when the inductor current closed loop circuit and the Settling Time from closed loop circuit boost dc-dc converter.
settling time for the closed loop converter is much
faster. Figure 14(b) shows a constant value very fast. Voltage Voltage Peak Rise Peak Settling
Neither happened on the inductor current of open loop Input Reference Overshoot Time Time Time
circuit in Figure 14(a). It did not give a constant value (V) (V) Ratio (%) (mS) (mS) (mS)
very fast and moreover it also produces a high overshoot 20 30 0.17% 6.3784 6.4264 6.6648
value on the early stage. Thus, the comparison on 20 35 0.15% 7.0102 7.0445 7.1615
simulation results between open loop circuit and closed
20 40 0.08% 7.6852 7.7031 7.7345
loop circuit obviously can be continued in determining
on the others components in the circuit such as capacitor
voltage results in Figure 15(a) and 15(b). All the Based on the simulation results obtained and shown in
simulation results between open loop circuit and closed Table III and Table IV, those circuits shown that both
loop circuit shows that the closed loop circuit gives a are having a different rise time, peak time and also have
fast settling time value that was controlled by fuzzy a different settling time. However, the analysis shows
logic controller. This purposely achieved in order to that the closed loop circuit with fuzzy controller is
correspond on the output desired of the system. having the faster rise time and settling time.

Table VI
The deviations of voltage resulted from open loop circuit
boost dc-dc converter.

Voltage Voltage Voltage

Deviation Deviation
Input Referenc Output
(V) (%)
(V) e (V) (V)
20 30 29.8613 0.1387 0.46%
20 35 34.8551 0.1449 0.41%
20 40 39.8643 0.1357 0.34%

Table VII
Figure 16: 2nd Order of Step Response Reading on Overshoot Ratio, The deviations of voltage resulted from closed loop circuit
Rise Time, Peak Time and Settling Time. boost dc-dc converter.

The comparison analysis between open loop and closed Voltage Voltage Voltage
loop were continue on the simulation result based on the Deviation Deviation
Input Reference Output
output voltage deviation, voltage overshoot percentage, (V) (%)
(V) (V) (V)
20 30 29.9497 0.0503 0.17%
20 35 34.9473 0.0527 0.15%
20 40 39.9684 0.0316 0.08%
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