International Journal of Research p-ISSN: 2348-6848

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Implementation of Multi level inverter for SEPIC

Converter with Grid Connected PV System
MUDDHANA SIREESHA Mr. A. ARUN KUMAR M.TECH,
M-tech Student Scholar Associate Professor
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,
Velaga Nageswara Rao Engineering College, PONNUR; Velaga Nageswara Rao Engineering College, PONNUR;
GUNTUR (Dt); A.P, India. GUNTUR (Dt); A.P, India.

Abstract— this paper proposes transformer less grid- panel and a load or battery bus, is a pulse width modulated
connected S ingle Ended Primary Inductance Converter (PWM) DC-DC converter or their derived circuits used to
(S EPIC) for photovoltaic generation systems. The photo extract maximu m power from solar PV panel. 𝐼-𝑉
voltaic cell can be made up of thin-film solar cell array and
characteristic curve of photovoltaic generators based on
the Material used for manufacturing solar cells are
polycrystalline si and Mon crystalline si, Using this in solar various DC-DC converters [5–8] was proposed and
cell array module enhances the potential to generate the concluded that SEPIC converter is the best alternative to
electric power for longer time. The photo voltaic cell can be track maximu m power from PV panel.
made up of thin-film solar cell array and the Material used
for manufacturing solar cells are polycrystalline si and Mon The various types of non-isolated DC-DC converters for
crystalline si, Using this in solar cell array module enhances the photo voltaic system is reviewed [9].
the potential to generate the electric power for longer time. The maximu m power tracking for PV panel using DCDC
The developed model can also be used to extract the physical converter is developed [10] without using microcontroller.
parameters for a given solar PV cell as a function of
This approach ensures maximum power transfer under all
temperature and solar radiation. PV strings are connected to
a S EPIC converter for three-level inverter to produce output atmospheric conditions. The analogue chaotic PWM is
voltage in three levels of Vdc. That was equivalent to the used to reduce the EMI in boost converter. The conversion
amplitude of the triangular carrier signal we re used to efficiency is increased when CPWM is used as a control
generate PWM signals for the switches. The simulation work technique [11]. To increase conversion efficiency, an
of these S EPIC converter and multi level inverter with grid active clamp circuit is introduced into the proposed one to
connected PV system circuits has been done using provide soft switching features to reduce switching losses.
MATLAB/S IMULINK software. Moreover, switches in the converter and active clamp
circuit are integrated with a synchronous switching
Index Terms—DC–DC power conversion, voltage multiplier
technique to reduce circuit complexity and component
and solar power generation, renewable energy sources
counts, resulting in a lower cost and smaller volume [12].
I.INTRODUCTION
The wide use of fossil fuel has resulted in the emission of
Because of constantly growing energy demand, grid-
green house gases which results in pollution. In spite of the
connected photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming more
increase in fuel cost there is an increase in renewable
and more popular, and many countries have permitted,
energy trading. The run provides the energy needed to
encouraged, and even funded distributed-power-generation
sustain life in our system. It is clean, inexhaustible,
systems. Currently, solar panels are not very efficient with
abundantly, and universally scare of RE. The most popular
only about 12–20% efficiency in their ability to convert
renewable energy is solar energy, that can be utilized
sunlight to electrical power. The efficiency can drop
directly in two ways (1) by collecting the radiant heat and
further due to other factors such as solar panel temperature
using it in a thermal system or (2) collecting and converting
and load conditions. In order to maximize the power
it directly to electrical energy using photovoltaic system.
derived from the solar panel, it is important to operate the
The thin-film solar cell has the potential to generate the
panel at its optimal power point. To achieve this, a
electric power for longer time , than a crystalline si solar
maximu m power point tracker will be designed and
cell and thin film can be easily combined with glass,
implemented.
plastics, metal, and it can be incorporated [13].
The MATLAB/PSPICE model of the PV module is
developed [1–4] to study the effect of temperature and
The SEPIC converter should operate with high switching
insolation on the performance of the PV module. The
frequency. However, as the switching frequency increases,
power electronics interface, connected between a solar
the reverse recovery current of the output diode affects the

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July 2016

switching devices in the form of additional switching output to be greater than or lesser than the input voltage. It
losses. Other adverse effects of the reverse-recovery can use coupled inductors and take the form of a single
problem include electromagnetic interference (EMI) noises package at cost slightly higher than single inductor. The
and additional thermal management. Also, the switch purpose of inductor is to store the energy in the form of
utilization factor in the SEPIC converter is much lower electromagnetic field [5]-[6] Proposed converter is
than that of other topologies, such as the buck and boost controlled by the duty cycle control method. By increasing
converters. In other words, the power-handling capabilities duty cycle output voltage can be controlled. The advantage
of the semiconductor devices in the SEPIC converter are of SEPIC is non-inverted output voltage (the output voltage
much lower than those of the buck or the boost converter is of the same polarity as the input voltage).
at the same power level. Thus, the reduction of reverse
recovery loss is particularly important for the SEPIC II.PROPOS ED CONVERTER WITHOUT
converter [14]. MAGNETIC COUPLING
Different topologies MLIs for the conversion from DC to A. Power Circuit without Magnetic Coupling
AC are available such as Neutral point clamped MLI The step-up and step-down static gain of the SEPIC
(NPC-MLI), Flying capacitor MLI (FC-MLI), Cascade H- converter is an interesting operation characteristic for a
Bridge MLI (CHB-MLI) and Asymmetrical Cascade H- wide input voltage range application. However, the switch
Bridge Multilevel inverters. Among them CHB-MLIs are voltage is equal the sum of the input and output voltages,
mostly used for PV applications because each cell of and the static gain is lower than the classical boost
CHBMLI requires separate DC sources which can be easily converter. The modification of the SEPIC converter is
supplied by individual PV arrays and each H-Bridge cell accomplished adding only two components with the
will be available in a single module6. The number of levels inclusion of the diode DM and the capacitor CM, as
of the output wave form increased by cascading the no. of presented in Fig.2. Many operational characteristics of the
H Bridge cells. There is a large no. of control techniques classical SEPIC converter are changed with the proposed
developed so far to control the operation of multilev el modification, as the elevation of the converter static gain.
inverters such as SVPWM, SPWM, OHPWM, SHE-PW M , The capacitor CM is charged with the output voltage of the
Hybrid modulation [15]. classical boost converter. The polarity of the CS capacitor
voltage is inverted in the proposed converter and the
expressions

Figure.1. Grid connected converter systems with SEPIC converter. Fig.2. First operation stage.
Figure .1.shows that the solar array module producing
lower level DC voltage, and this voltage is feedback to
input of SEPIC converter Based on the requirement these
SEPIC converter performs both boost and buck operation.
And this change in voltage is the output of SEPIC
converter. This output is passed as a Input to the inverter,
to convert the DC voltage to AC voltage and connected to
load. The conventional method boost converter is acts as
the step-up converter , and the output voltage is greater than
the input voltage, and drawback of this method is only the Fig.3.Second operation stage.
voltage is stepped up and one inductor is used so energy of the capacitors voltages and other operation
storage is less compare to proposed system SEPIC characteristics are presented in the theoretical analysis. The
converter is used in the proposed method. It is a DC-DC continuous conduction mode (CCM) of the modified
converter to allow the electrical potential (voltage) at its SEPIC converter presents two operation stages. All

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capacitors are considered as a voltage source and the

semiconductors are considered ideals for the theoretical
analysis.
1) First Stage [t0−t1](Fig.2):At the instantt0, switch S is
turned-off and the energy stored in the input inductor L1 is
transferred to the output through the CS capacitor and
output diode Do and also is transferred to the CM capacitor
through the diode DM. Therefore, the switch voltage is
equal to the CM capacitor voltage. The energy stored in the
inductor L2 is transferred to the output through the diode
Do.
2) Second Stage [t1−t2](Fig.3):At the instantt1, switch Sis
turned-on and the diodes DM and Do are blocked and the
inductors L1 andL2 store energy. The input voltage is
applied to the input inductor L1 and the voltage
VCS−VCM is applied to the inductor L2.The VCM voltage
is higher than the VC voltage. The main theoretical
waveforms operating with hard switching commutation are
presented in Fig.4. The maximu m voltage in all diodes and
in the power switch is equal to the CM capacitor voltage.
The output voltage is equal to the sum of the CS and CM
capacitors voltage. The average L1inductor current is equal
to the input current, and the average L2 inductor current is
equal to the output current. The static gain of the proposed
converter can be obtained considering null the average
inductors voltage at the steady state and it is presented in Fig.4. Main theoretical waveform.
(1) considering the CCM operation. The static gain of the Voltage will be lower than the converter output voltage
proposed converter is higher than the obtained with the
classical boost
(2)

The voltage across the CS capacitor is calculated by (3)

(1)
The CM capacitor voltage is calculated by (2) that is the (3)
same output voltage of the classical boost converter. The
maximu m switch voltage is equal to the VCM voltage. The static gain of the classical SEPIC, boost and modified
Therefore, the switch SEPIC converters are presented in Fig.5 As it can be
observed in this figure, with a duty cycle equal to D=0.818,
a static gain equal to 10 is obtained, and the switch voltage
is equal to 5.5 times the input voltage. Therefore, the switch
voltage is close to half of the output voltage. The
theoretical analysis, operation stages, and waveforms of
the modified SEPIC converter operating in discontinuous
conduction mode (DCM) is not presented in this paper.
However, the static gain and the CM and CS capacitor
voltages operating in DCM are presented in (4), (5), and
(6), respectively

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inductance. The energy stored in the leakage inductance,

due to the reverse recovery current of the output diode,
results in voltage ring and high reverse voltage at the diode
(4) Do. This overvoltage is not easily controlled with classical
snubber or dissipative clamping. A simple solution for this
problem is the inclusion of a voltage multiplier at the
secondary side as presented in Fig.7.This voltage
multiplier increases the converter static gain, the voltage
(5) across

Fig.6.First operation stage.

Diode is reduced to a value lower than the output voltage

and the energy stored in the leakage inductance is
Fig .5. Converters static gain.
transferred to the output. Therefore, the secondary voltage
multiplier composed by the diodeDM2 and capacitorCS2
is also a non dissipative clamping circuit for the output
diode. The circuit presented in Fig.6 is the power circuit
studied in this paper. The solutions based on the classical
(6)
boost converter with magnetic coupling or the integration
of the magnetic coupling and the voltage multiplier cell can
present very high voltage gain and an excellent
performance as presented in [11]–[12]. However, as the
(7) magnetic coupling is accomplished with the input inductor
III.PROPOS ED CONVERTER WITH MAGNETIC in the boost-based solutions, the input current ripple is
COUPLING significantly increased and depends on the inductor
A. Power Circuit with Magnetic Coupling winding turns ratio. Increasing the inductor turns ratio and
The modified SEPIC converter without magnetic coupling the static gain, the input current ripple rises. The input
can operate with the double of the static gain of the current ripple increment is a non desirable operation
classical boost converter for a high duty-cycle operation. characteristic for some applications as the fuel cell power
However, a very high static gain is necessary in some source. As the magnetic coupling is not accomplished with
applications. A practical limitation for the modified SEPIC the input inductor in the proposed topology, the input
converter in order to maintain the converter performance is current ripple is low and is not changed by the magnetic
a duty cycle close to D=0.85,resulting in a maximu m static coupling. There are also some proposed solutions based on
gain equal toq=12.3.Asimple solution to elevate the static the integration of the SEPIC converter with boost and fly
gain without increases the duty cycle and the switch back dc–dc converters. An isolated active clamp SEPIC-fly
voltage is to include a secondary winding in the L2 back converter is presented in [13] in order to obtain high
inductor. The L2 inductor operation is similar to aback– efficiency. However, the proposed topology presents
boost inductor and a secondary winding can increases the pulsating input current, and the active clamp technique
output voltage by the inductor windings turns ratio (n), increases the converter complexity with an additional
operating as a fly back transformer. Fig.6 shows this controlled switch and command circuit. The integration of
alternative circuit. However, this converter structure the boost converter with a SEPIC converter is also
presents the problem of over voltage at the output diode Do proposed in [14] and [15]. Some operation characteristics
due to the existence of the coupling winding L2 leakage of this converter are similar to the circuit with magnetic

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coupling proposed in this paper. The main differences of

the proposed converter with respect the previous topology
are the ZCS switch turn-on obtained with a resonant
operation stage, reducing the commutation losses even in
the operation with light load and a higher static gain
considering the same transformer turns ratio, reducing the
converter duty cycle and the switch voltage. The CCM
operation of the modified SEPIC converter with magnetic
coupling and output diode clamping presents five operation
Fig.10. Fifth operation stage.
stages. All capacitors are considered as a voltage source,
Instant t1, the energy transference to the capacitor CS2 is
and the semiconductors are considered ideals for the
finished and the diode DM2 is blocked.
theoretical analysis.
2) Second Stage [t1−t2] (Fig 7): From the instantt1, when
1) First Stage [t0−t1] (Fig.6): The power switch S is
the diodeDM2 is blocked, to the instant t2 when the power
conducting and the input inductorL1 stores energy. The
switch is turned OFF, the inductors L1 and L2 store energy
capacitorCS2is charged by the secondary winding L2S and
and the currents linearly increase.
diode DM2. The leakage inductance limits the current and
3) Third Stage [t2−t3] (Fig .8): At the instant t2 the power
the energy transference occurs in a resonant way. The
switch S is turned OFF. The energy stored in theL1inductor
output diode is blocked, and the maximu m diode voltage is
is transferred to the CM capacitor. Also, there is the energy
equal to (Vo−VCM).At the
transference to the output through the capacitorsCS1, CS2
inductor L2 and output diode Do.
4) Fourth Stage [t3−t4] (Fig.9): At the instantt3, the
energy transference to the capacitor CM is finished and the
diodeDM1is blocked. The energy transference to the
output is maintained until the instant t4, when the power
switch is turned ON.
5) Fifth Stage [t4−t5] (Fig.10): When the power switch is
turned ON at the instant t4, the current at the output diode
Do linearly decreases and the di/dt is limited by the
Fig.7. Second operation stage transformer leakage inductance, reducing the diode reverse
recovery current problems. When the output diode is
blocked, the converter returns to the first operation stage.
The main theoretical waveforms of the modified SEPIC
con verger with magnetic coupling and with the voltage
multiplier at the secondary side are presented in Fig.13.Th e
switch voltage and the voltage across all diodes is lower
than the output voltage. The power switch turn-on occurs
with almost zero current reducing significantly the
Fig.8. T hird operation stage switching losses. The current variation ratio (di/dt)
presented by all diodes is limited due to the presence of the
coupling inductor leakage inductance, reducing the
negative effects of the diode reverse recovery current.

Fig.9. Fourth operation stage.

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Fig.12. Equivalent electrical circuit of a PV module.

The series resistance RS represents the internal losses due

to the current flow. Shunt resistance Rs h, in parallel with
diode, this corresponds to the leakage current to the
ground. The single exponential equation which models a
PV cell is extracted from the physics of the PN junction
and is widely agreed as echoing the behaviour of the PV
cell
Fig.11. Main theoretical waveforms of the modified SEPIC converter
with Magnetic coupling and voltage multiplier at the secondary side.

The static gain of the modified SEPIC converter with

magnetic coupling and voltage multiplier is calculated by
(10)
(8). The static gain can be increased by the windings turns The number of PV modules connected in parallel and series
ratio (n) without increasing the switch voltage
in PV array are used in expression. The Vt is also defined
in terms of the ideality factor of PN junction (n),
Boltzmann’s constant (KB), temperature of photovoltaic
(8) array (T), and the electron charge (q). Applied a dynamical
Where the inductor windings turns ratio (n) is calculated electrical array reconfiguration (EAR) strategy on the
by photovoltaic (PV) generator of a grid-connected PV system
based on a plant-oriented configuration, in order to
improve its energy production when the operating
conditions of the solar panels are different. The EA R
(9) strategy is carried out by inserting a controllable switching
IV. PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEM matrix between the PV generator and the central inverter,
In the crystalline silicon PV module, the complex physics which allows the electrical reconnection of the available
of the PV cell can be represented by the equivalent PV modules.
electrical circuit shown in Fig. 12. For that equivalent V .Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverters
circuit, a set of equations have been derived, based on The diode clamped multilevel inverter uses capacitors in
standard theory, which allows the operation of a single series to divide up the dc bus voltage into a set of voltage
solar cell to be simulated using data from manufacturers levels. To produce m levels of the phase voltage, an m level
or field experiments. diode clamp inverter needs (m-1) capacitors on the dc bus.

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Fig.16. Input current, output voltage, switch current, and voltage of the
modified SEPIC converter without magnetic coupling.

Fig.13. Diode Clamped T hree Level Inverter.

In this paper, diode clamped multilevel inverters topology
is used shown in fig .13.
VI.MATLAB/SIMULINK RESULTS
Here the different cases are presents Case.1.Proposed
Converter without Magnetic Coupling. Case.2. Proposed
Converter with Magnetic Coupling. Case.3. Proposed
Converter with Magnetic Coupling and closed loop
Fig.17. L1 and L2 inductor current of the modified SEPIC converter
controller. Case.4.Proposed Converter with Magnetic without magnetic coupling.
Coupling and inverter with grid connected PV. Case2. Proposed Converter with Magnetic Coupling .
Case1.Proposed Converter without Magnetic Coupling.

Fig.14.Matlab/Simulink Model of t he Modified SEPIC Converter Fig18.Matlab/Simulink Model of the Modified SEPIC Converter with
without Magnetic Coupling. Magnetic Coupling.

Fig.19. Switch current and switch voltage of the Modified SEPIC

converter with magnetic coupling and voltage multiplier.
Fig.15. Output diode Do voltage and current of the modified SEPIC
converter without magnetic coupling.

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Fig.23. Switch current and switch voltage of the Modified SEPIC

converter with magnetic coupling and voltage multiplier.

Fig.20. Output diode Do voltage and current of the modified SEPIC

converter with magnetic coupling.

Fig.24. Input current, output voltage, switch current, and switch voltage
of the modified SEPIC converter with magnetic coupling and voltage
multiplier.

Fig.21. Input current, output voltage, switch current, and switch voltage
of the modified SEPIC converter with magnetic coupling and voltage
multiplier.
Case3. Proposed Converter with Magnetic Coupling and
closed loop controller.

Fig.25. Output diode Do voltage and current of the modified SEPIC

converter with magnetic coupling.
Case4.Proposed Converter with Magnetic Coupling and
inverter with grid connected PV.

Fig.22.Matlab/Simulink Model of the Modified SEPIC Converter with

Magnetic Coupling and closed loop.

Fig.26.Matlab/Simulink Model of the Modified SEPIC Converter with

Magnetic Coupling inverter with grid connected PV.

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VII. CONCLUSION
pp. 944– 950.
Two new topologies of non isolated high static gain
converters are presented in this paper. The first topology
without magnetic coupling can operate with a static gain
higher than 10 with a reduced switch voltage. The structure
with magnetic coupling can operate with static gain higher
than 20 maintaining low the switch voltage. The circuit
topology, control algorithm, and operating principle of the
proposed inverter have been analyzed in detail. The
configuration is suitable for PV application as the PV
strings operate independently and later expansion is
possible. This paper presents simulation of multilev el
inverter for SEPIC converter with grid connected PV
system performs the three level inverter and grid current.
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