S.amutha A Study On Inventory Management in Izon Technologies Ramco Cement Limited
S.amutha A Study On Inventory Management in Izon Technologies Ramco Cement Limited
S.amutha A Study On Inventory Management in Izon Technologies Ramco Cement Limited
CHAPTER-I
INRODUCTION
Inventory management is primarily about specifying the size and placement of stocked
goods. Inventory management is recurred at different locations within a facility or within
multiple locations of a supply or network to protect the regular and planned course of production
against the random disturbance of running out of materials or goods. The scope of Inventory
management also concerns the fine lines between replenishment lead time, carrying costs of
inventory, asset management, Inventory forecasting, physical inventory, available physical space
for Inventory, quality management, returns and defective goods and demand and forecasting.
TYPES OF INVENTORY
Merchandising inventory,
Manufacturing inventory.
The manufacturing inventory has been subdivided into three types. These,
Raw materials,
Work in process,
Finished goods.
Raw materials: Everything the crafter buys to make the product is classified as raw
materials. That includes leather, dyes, snaps and grommets. The raw material inventory
only includes items that have not yet been put into the production process.
Work in process: This includes all the leather raw materials that are in various stages of
development. For the leather crafting business, it would include leather pieces cut and in
the process of being sewn together and the leather belts and purse etc. that are partially
constructed.
In addition to the raw materials, the work in process inventory includes the cost of the
labor directly doing the work and manufacturing overhead. Manufacturing overhead is a
catchall phrase for any other expenses the leather crafting business has that indirectly
relate to making the products. A good example is depreciation of leather making fixed
assets.
Finished goods: When the leather items are completely ready to sell at craft shows or
other venues, they are finished goods. The finished goods inventory also consists of the
cost of raw materials, labor and manufacturing overhead, now for the entire product
It needs vigilant attention as each of its components require different types of treatment
and it throws constant attention on exercise of skill and judgment, awareness of economic trend
etc, due to urgency and complicacy the vital importance of Cash.
The anti-inflationary measure taken up creating a tight money condition has placed
working capital in the most challenging zone of management and it requires a unique skill for its
management. Today, the problem of managing Cash has got the recognition of separate entity, so
its study and management is of major importance to both internal and external analyst to judge
the current position of the business concerns. Hence, the present study entitled “A study on Cash
Management” has been taken up.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study helps the management to improve its profitability through a reduction
in non- moving inventory.
It develops the policies for both continuous review of inventory management
system.
The study helps to show the level of the inventory in the organization. The
company will make the proper inventory methods from the suggestions of the
study.
Every company must consider their liquidity position, profitability and solvency position
and also the main attention should be on smooth working capital position.
For this analysis the ratios, working capital requirements for the next five years period to
enables meaningful planning for the future.
Researcher worked and applied various tables in relevant ratio from the data collection in
RAMCO CEMENT LIMITED.
Researcher giving more suitable idea to the management and developed the company in
various ways. Researcher analysis some table in statistical approaches of trend line.
There are a number of problems that can cause havoc with inventory management. Some
happen more frequently than others. Here are some of the more common problems with
inventory systems.
To analyze the inventory those are sufficient to perform production and sales
activities smoothly.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
The Descriptive type of research has been applied in the study. This research the
researcher has no control over the variables. Only reports what has happened or what is
happening. The research can only discover causes but cannot control the variables.
DATA COLLECTION
This study purely based on secondary sources of information. The necessary data
calculated from annual report, books, journals and websites.
PERIOD OF STUDY
This study covers a period of five years from 2011-2016. The accounting year
commenced from April and ending with March of the next year.
AREA OF STUDY
The following tools have been applied in the present study. They are listed below
The percentage of a mutual fund or other investment vehicle's holdings that have
been "turned over" or replaced with other holdings in a given year. The type of mutual fund, its
investment objective and/or the portfolio manager's investing style will play an important role in
determining its turnover ratio.
Economic order quantity is that level of inventory that minimizes the total of inventory
holding cost and ordering cost. The framework used to determine this order quantity is also
known as Wilson EOQ Model. The model was developed by F. W. Harris in 1913.The most
economical quantity of a product that should be purchased at one time. The EOQ is based on all
associated costs for ordering and maintaining the product. EOQ refers to the size of the order
which gives maximum economy in punches of materials.
2 Ao
EOQ = √
C1
Where
A = Annual usage in unit
O = Ordering cost
C1 = Carriying cos
INVENTORY CONVERSION PERIOD
The inventory conversion period is the time required to obtain materials for a product,
manufactured it, sell it.
Economic order quantity is a decision tool used in cost accounting it’s a formula that
allows you to calculate the idea quantity of inventory to order for a given product the calculation
is designed to minimize ordering and carrying costs.
However, there can be a number of issues with utilizing the statement of cash flows as an
investor speculating about different organizations. The simplest drawback to a cash flow
statement is the fact that cash flows can (but not always) omit certain types of non-cash
transactions. As the name implies, the statement of cash flows is focused exclusively on tangible
changes in cash and cash equivalents.
CHAPTERIZATION SCHEME
Chapter I deal with the introduction, company profile, and industry profile
Chapter II deals with the review of literature
Chapter III deals with the research methodology
Chapter IV deals with the data analysis and interpretation
Chapter V deals with the finding, suggestion, and conclusion
CHAPTER-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Bharathipathak 1991 The bulk of the banking business in the country is in the public sector
comprising the state bank of India and its seven associated banks and twenty nationalized
commercial banks till 1991, the Indian banking industry was operating in a highly regulated and
protected regime. But with the acceptance of Norseman committee recommendation, competition
has been injected into the banking industry in two forms.
The study has been found that HDFC Bank emerged as a leader in this financial analysis
of the year ended 2000-01. It closest competitor was ICICI Bank. Financial performance of the
other three, no doubt, lagged behind them, but it by no means, depressing. These Bank
obviously, have to focus more improving parameters like credit quality and cost control for the
emerge as the top performance.
R. Hamsalakshmi-M.Manicham 2000 “The study, it has been found the liquidity position and
working capital positions were favorable and good during period of study. Regarding turnover
ratio, efficiency in management of fixed assets and total assets must be increased. Regarding
return on investment and return on equity was proved that the overall profitability position of the
software companies had been increasing at a moderate way.
DrR.Dharmaraj 2003 ”The study iatrical “positing in Indian management industry ’’ have
concluded that for the last five year, there has been proliferation of international and domestic
providence of mutual funds. He says that this increased growth is due to the increasing cash
flows among innovative young companies through India.
Dr Harish kumar2008 A capital adequacy ratio was constant over a period of time. During the
study period. It was observed that the return on net worth had negative correlation with the debt
equity ratio. Inters income to working funds also had a negative association with interest
coverage ratio and the non performing to net advance was negatively correlated with interest
coverage ratio.
Dr.KavithaChavvali 2009 Inventory analysis of gold exchange trade funds. Mathew T.Jones
and Maurice ousted (2007) revised and evaluated pre world war ii current date for countries by
treating gold follows on a continuous basis. The historical data of saving and investment was
taken over a time period of 1850- 1945.
N.Prasanna 2009 Stock performance Aitkin 1997 the external effect foreign direct investment
on export with example of Bangladesh where entry of a koala multinational in garment exports
led establishment of a member of domestic export firms creating the country’s largest export
industry.
Awedh2005 defend that inflator does not have really an effect on the profitability measured by
return on equity of foreign banks exerting in Lebanon. In the same way, the author steers that the
level of inflation affect more than the return on assets of Lebanese bank than foreign banks in
Lebanon.
Dr.Sushilkumar Mehta 2010The financial performance mutual funds schemes. Jayden (1996)
attempted of evaluate the performance of two growth oriented mutual funds on the basis of
monthly return. It was found that master gain performed better according to Jensen and trey nor
measures and basis of sharps ratio.
Monika uppal 2010Financial performance factors a survey of the literature shows that the
foreign bank performance is affected by factors like the economic and financial environment.
Among these factors one can equate the growth rate of gross domestic product, monetary market
rate, inflation rate and foreign exchange rate. (Williams 1998).
CHAPTER IV
TABLE - 4.1.1
LEVEL OF INVENTORY
Raw materials
1 Iron ore
1387.83 2154.11 3496.76 4629.10 4693.96
(stacker 25 Per cent)
Clay ash
(stacker 15 Per cent) 832.70 1292.47 2098.05 2777.44 2816.40
TOTAL(clinker) 5551.33 8616.44 13937.02 18516.26 18775.86
2 Work in process 5386.48 8451.74 13822.02 18351.46 18611.09
3 Finished goods 6251.55 9316.59 14522.32 19216.54 19416.11
INTERPRETATION
The inventory level was found to be increased trend from 2012-2013 to 2015-2017. The
overall inventory level position for the five years is satisfactory.
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Raw materials
CHART - 4.1.1
Lime stone
Iron ore
1
(stacker 25 Per cent)
Clay ash
TOTAL(clinker)
2
Work in process
Finished goods
3
Total
2016-17
2015-16
2014-15
2013-14
2012-13
INVENTORY TURNOVER RARIO
. The inventory turnover ratio measures the number of times a company sells its inventory
during the year.
Costofsales
Inventoryturnoverratio =
Averagestock
TABLE - 4.1.2
INVENTORY TURNOVER RARIO
INTERPRETATION
The inventory turnover ratio was high in the year 2013-2014 after that 2014-2015 the
inventory turnover ratio was decreased. The present value of inventory turnover ratio is good.
CHART - 4.1.2
5.65 5.5
6 5.46
5
4.24
3.78
4
0
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
INVENTORY CONVERSION PERIOD
The inventory conversion period is the time required to obtain materials for a product,
manufactured it, sell it.
TABLE – 4.1.3
Inventory conversion
S.No Year No. of days Inventory turnover ratio
period (in days)
INTERPRETATION
The inventory conversion period is normally indicates the wealth of the company. The
company wants to concentrates with its inventory conversion period.
CHART – 4.1.3
96
100
86
90
80
66 64 65
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
ANALYSIS PART-2
EOQ ANALYSIS
TABLE-4.2.1
34.
Sulphur 13000 1.75 153 716 110801 133927 23136
5
36.
Bauxite 11500 1.5 150 748 113322 116173 2851
5
INTERPRETATION
The company’s annual requirement for the year 2012-13 is 101000 tons of raw materials. They
using investment with EOQ spent 787168. When the same in without investing EOQ is
882551. So the company saved 169432 in the year 2012-13.
CHART-4.2.
160000
140000
120000
100000
20000 Gypsum
Bauxite
0
TABLE-4.2.2
Total
Annual Total
investment Saving
Item requiremen O C P EOQ investment
without inventory cost
t with EOQ
EOQ
INTERPRETATION
The company’s annual requirement for the year 2012-13 is 103700 tons of raw materials.
They using investment with EOQ spent 590000. When the same in without investing EOQ is
921215. So the company saved 195739 in the year 2012-13.
CHART-4.2.3
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
Iron Ore
80000
Lime Stones
60000 Clay Ash
40000 Sulphur
Gypsum
20000
Bauxite
0
TABLE-4.2.3
Total
Total Saving
Annual investment
Item O C P EOQ investment inventory
requirement without
with EOQ cost
EOQ
INTERPRETATION
The company’s annual requirement for the year 2013-14 is 98500 tons of raw materials.
They using investment with EOQ spent ` 68646. When the same in without investing EOQ is `
800543. So the company saved 114076 in the year 2013-14.
CHART-4.2.3
1000000
900000
800000
700000
600000
500000 Bauxite
400000 Gypsum
300000
Sulphur
200000
100000 Clay Ash
0 Lime Stones
Iron Ore
TABLE-4.2.3
Total
Annual Total Saving
investment
Item requiremen O C P EOQ investment inventory
without
t with EOQ cost
EOQ
INTERPRETATION
The company’s annual requirement for the year 2013-14 is 98500 tons of raw materials.
They using investment with EOQ spent ` 68646. When the same in without investing EOQ is `
800543. So the company saved ` 114076 in the year 2013-14.
CHART-4.2.3
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000 Iron Ore
60000 Lime Stones
40000 Clay Ash
20000
Sulphur
0
Gypsum
Bauxite
TABLE-4.2.4
Total
Total Saving
Annual investment
Item O C P EOQ investment inventory
requirement without
with EOQ cost
EOQ
INTERPRETATION
The company’s annual requirement for the year 2014-15 is 111500 tons of raw materials. They
using investment with EOQ spent 875092. When the same in without investing EOQ is 1132819.
So the company saved 2577276 in the year 2014-15.
CHART-4.2.4
250000
200000
150000
Iron Ore
100000
Lime Stones
50000 Clay Ash
0 Sulphur
Gypsum
Bauxite
TABLE-4.2.5
Lime
13500 35 1.25 185 869 161852 167588 5736
Stones
INTERPRETATION
The company’s annual requirement for the year 2015-16 is 113500 tons of raw materials.
They using investment with EOQ spent 869375. When the same in without investing EOQ is
1244664. So the company saved 375289 in the year 2015-16.
CHART-4.2.5
300000
250000
200000
In inventory level of the company, the in inventory level has been increased year
by yea. There is no problem in the inventory level of the RAMCO CEMENT
LIMITED. In inventory turnover ratio the ratios of the year has been finded as
low in the years of 2013-14 and 2014-15. After those periods the inventory
turnover ratio has slightly increased in the year 2015-16. Even though that level is
quite low when compare with 2012-13.
In inventory conversion period is finded as good level. Even though they wants to
keep the inventory conversion period as low.
EOQ ANALYSIS
In EOQ analysis for the year 2013-14 to 2016-17 is good. For this year they
followed EOQ with investment for purchase of goods.
In EOQ analysis for the year 2013-14 to 2016-17 is good. For this year they
followed EOQ with investment for purchase of goods.
In EOQ analysis for the year 2014-15 to 2016-17 is good. For this year they
followed EOQ with investment for purchase of goods.
In EOQ analysis for the year 2015-16 to 2016-17 is good. In this year the EOQ
with investment and EOQ without investment are same.
In EOQ analysis for the year 2012-13 to 2016-17 is good. All years of EOQ is
followed only investment with EOQ.
SUGGESTION
The study covers the inventory management for effective inventory control. I have used a
technique Economic Order Quantity Analysis named as EOQ Analysis for find out the rate with
EOQ and without EOQ investment for RAMCO CEMENT LIMITED. Hence the inventory
management of the organization quite good. During the year 2012-2017 from this study I
concluded that organization would be effective inventory management. The study will be use for
RAMCO CEMENT LIMITED in various ways.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
Ashok Banerjee - Financial Accounting – A Managerial Emphasis – Excel Books – 2005
Collis – Business Accounting – Palgrave Macmillan – 2007
Khan MY Jain P.K – Management Accounting : Text, problems and cases 4th Edition –
Tata McGraw Hill – 2007
Pandikumar – Management Accounting – Excel Books – 2007
Ramachandran N Kakani Kumar Ram – Financial Acccounting For Management – Tata
McGraw Hill – 2006
Robert N.Anthony David F.Hawkins Kenneth A. Merchant – Accounting Text and Cases
– Tata McGraw Hill – 2007
S.K Bhattacharyya JhonDearden – Costing for Management – Vikas Publishing – 2002
S.N Maheswari S.K Maheswari – Accounting for Management – Vikas Publishing –
2006
Balance sheet
(Rs crore)
2016-2017 2015-2016 2014-2015 2013-2014 2012-2013
Sources of funds
Owner's fund
Equity share capital 38.20 38.20 38.20 38.20 29.50
Share application money - - - - 8.70
Preference share capital - - - - -
Reserves & surplus 1,240.30 1,157.40 1,042.21 887.51 825.52
Loan funds
Secured loans 418.51 315.28 249.50 406.28 343.89
Unsecured loans 349.37 568.78 739.78 489.78 414.98
Total 2,046.38 2,079.66 2,069.69 1,821.77 1,622.59
Uses of funds
Fixed assets
Gross block 4,144.24 3,904.13 3,549.30 2,836.59 2,315.69
Less : revaluation reserve - - - - -
Less : accumulated 2,475.03 2,176.96 1,805.68 1,462.81 1,167.89
depreciation
Net block 1,669.21 1,727.17 1,743.62 1,373.78 1,147.80
Capital work-in-progress 5.12 109.24 153.06 233.54 95.46
Investments - - 0.58 0.58 0.58
Net current assets
Current assets, loans & 895.95 806.36 645.03 702.64 752.84
advances
Less : current liabilities & 523.90 563.11 472.60 488.77 374.09
provisions
Total net current assets 372.05 243.25 172.43 213.87 378.75
Miscellaneous expenses - - - - -
not written
Total 2,046.38 2,079.66 2,069.69 1,821.77 1,622.59
Notes:
Book value of unquoted - - 0.58 0.58 0.58
investments
Market value of quoted - - - - -
investments
Contingent liabilities 245.01 102.44 240.65 448.76 318.74
Number of equity shares 381.99 381.99 381.99 381.99 295.03
outstanding (Lacks)