429 12 Tamil Notes Special Guide

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nghJj;Njh;T tpdh – tpil rpwg;G topfhl;b 2015
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1. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSs; vitNaDk; ehd;fDf;F 11. ehk; J}q;fpf; fple;jjhy; epfo;e;jJ vd;d?
,e;jpauhfpa ehk; J}q;fpf; fple;jjhy;> ,e;jpa
kl;Lk; tpilvoJf (1 to 6) 4x2=8 ehl;Lf;F chpik ,y;yhj me;epah; te;J ek;ik
1. flTs; tho;j;jhf mike;j ghly; ,lk; mbikg;gLj;jp Ms Neh;e;jJ.
ngw;Ws;s E}Yk; fsKk; ahit? 12. ,j;jpdk; Kjy; ehk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf;
flTs; tho;j;jhf mike;j ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;?
,j;jpdk; Kjy; ,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk;
E}y;: fk;guhkhzk; MFk;. fsk;:Aj;jfhz;lk;MFk;
‘,e;jpaehL vdf;F chpikahd ehL’ vd;Dk;
2. fk;ghpd; ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlh;fisf;$Wf. vz;zj;ijf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
ftpr;rf;futh;j;jp ‘fy;tpapy; nghpatd;‛ ’fk;gd; 13. vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fs; ahit?
fk;gd; tPl;Lf; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftpghLk;‛ tpUj;j mfg;nghUs; E}y;fs; Gwg;nghUs; E}y;fs; mfk;
nkd;Dk; xz;ghtpy; cah; fk;gd; vd;gd fk;ghpd; Gwk; 1. ew;wpiz 2. FWe;njhif 6. gjpw;Wg;gj;J
ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlh;fs; MFk;. 8. ghpghly; 3. Iq;FE}W 7. GwehD}W
3. fk;gh; ,aw;wpa NtW E}y;fs; ahit? 4.fypj;njhif 5. mfehD}W
rlNfhgue;jhjp> VnuOgJ> rpiynaOgJ> jpUf;if 14. GwehD}w;why; mwpag;gLk; nra;jpfs; ahit?
tof;fk;> ruRtjp me;jhjp vd;gd fk;gh; ,aw;wpa KbAil %Nte;jh;fs;> rpw;wurh;fs;> mikr;rh;fs;>
NtW E}y;fshFk;. Nridj; jiyth;fs;> tPuh;fs;> filnaO
4. jkpourp FwtQ;rpapy; ghl;Lilj; jiytDk; ts;sy;fs; filr;rq;fg; Gyth;fs; vd gyUila
jiytpAk; ahth;? tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;GfisAk; mf;fhy kf;fspd;
jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; Rthkp tho;f;if Kiw Kjypatw;iwAk; GwehD}w;why;
kiyapy; Nfhtpy; nfhz;Ls;s KUfg;ngUkhd; Mthh;. ed;F mwpayhk;.
ghl;Lilj; jiytp jkpod;idahfpa 15. nghJtpay; jpizia tpsf;Ff.
jkpourpMthh;. ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; ,Wjpahfj;
5. jkpourp FwtQ;rp ahh; Ntz;LNfhSf;F njhy;fhg;gpadhh; $Wk; Gwj; jpizfSs; $wg;glhj
,zq;f ,aw;wg; ngw;wJ? nra;jpfisAk;> mj;jpizfSf;Fg ; nghJthd
jkpourp FwtQ;rp jkpoNts; ckhkNfRtudhhpd; nra;jpfisAk; $WtJ nghJtpay; jpizahFk;.
Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ,aw;wg;ngw;wJ. 16. nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rp vd;Dk; Jiwia tpsf;Ff.
6. ehk; thbajw;Ff; fhuzk; vd;d? KdptUk; mtiug; Nghd;wtUk; ,k;ik
,e;jpauhfpa ehk; thbajw;Ff; fhuzk; ek;Kila kWikfspy; capUf;F cWjpiaj; jUtJ
tho;T kyu te;jtUk; NghdtUk;cjtkhl;lhh;fs; ,d;dJ vd;W jhk; njsptha; mwpe;j nghUisr;
vd;W ek;gpf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jNj MFk;. nrhy;tJ‘nghUz; nkhopf;fhQ;rp’vd;Dk;JiwahFk;.
7. jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; muq;Nfw;wk; gw;wpf;$Wf. 17. ntsthypd; Njhw;wj;ijf; $Wf. <uk;
GytNuW m. tuj eQ;irag; gps;is mth;fs; nghUe;jpa Njhiy vz;nzapNy Njha;j;jJ
jhk; ,aw;wpa ‘jkpourp FwtQ;rp‛ vd;Dk; Nghy fUikahd rpwFfisf;
E}iyf; fue;ijj; jkpo;r; rq;fj;jpd; nts;sp nfhz;lJ>ntsthy;.
tpohtpd; NghJ> Qhdpahh;mbfs; 18.mfehD}W vj;jid gFjpfshf
jiyikapy;muq;Nfw;wpdhh;. cs;sJ?vOJf.mfehD}W %d;W gFjpfshf
cs;sJ.thpir vz; gphpTfs; ghly;fspd;
8. ehkf;fy; ftpQiu ‘khepy muRk;’,
vz;zpf;if1. fspw;wpahid epiu 120 ghly;fs;
‘eLtzuRk;’ vt;thW ngUikg;gLj;jpd? 2. kzpkpil gtsk; 180 ghly;fs;3. epj;jpyf;
ehkf;fy; ftpQiu ‘khepy muR’ ‘muritf; Nfhit 100 ghly;fs;nkhj;jk; 400 ghly;fs;
ftpQh;’ Mf;fpAk; gpd;dh; jkpofr; rl;l Nkyit 19. mfehD}w;Wg; ghly;fspd; jpiz mikg;G
cWg;gpduhfTk ;epakpj;Jr; rpwg;gpj;jJ Kiwia tpsf;Ff.thpir vz; vz; mikg;G
eLtzuR> mtUf;Fg; gj;kG+\z; tpUjspj;Jg; jpiz mikg;G Kiw1. 1> 3> 5 vd tUgit
ngUikg;gLj;jpaJ. ghiyj;jpizg; ghly;fs;2. 2> 8 vd tUgit
9. ehkf;fy; ftpQh; rpiw nry;yf; fhuzk; vd;d? FwpQ;rpj;jpizg; ghly;fs;
tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l tPuuhd ehkf;fy; ftpQh;> 3. 4>14 vd tUgit Ky;iyj;jpiz ghly;fs;
cg;Gr; rj;jpahf;fpufj;jpy; gq;F ngw;wf; 4. 6> 16 vd tUgit kUjj; jpizg; ghly;fs;
fhuzj;jhy; rpiwj; jz;lid mile;jhh;. 5. 10>20 vd tUgit nea;jy; jpizg; ghly;fs;
10. ehNlWk; vjidg; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;? 20. ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs; ahit?
,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ehs;NjhWk; ‘,/J ,e;jpa rpyg;gjpfhuKk;kzpNkfiyAk;,ul;ilf;fhg;gpaq;s;
ehL’ ‘,/J vdf;Nf chpikahd ehlhFk’; vd;W 21. rpyg;gjpfhuk; -ngah;fhuzk; jUf.
Nghw;wpg; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
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‘rpyg;gjpfhuk’; - rpyk;G + mjpfhuk; fz;zfpapd; ,uhkidg; gphpe;j JahpdhYk; ,uhtzdJ
fhw;rpyk;G fhuzkhf tsh;e;j fijahjyhy; nfhLikahYk; ‘,dp xUNghJk; ,uhkidf;
‘rpyg;gjpfhuk;’ vd;W ngah; #l;lg;gl;lJ. fhzNt KbahJ’ vd;W vz;zpa rPij jd;
22. rpyg;gjpfhuk; - E}y; mikg;ig vOJf. capiutplj; Jzpe;jhs;. me;j epiyapy; mDkd;
rpyg;gjpfhuk; %d;W fhz;lq;fisAk; Kg;gJ je;j ,uhkdpd; fizahop> rPijf;F
fhijfisAk; nfhz;L tpsq;FfpwJ. ,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy; caph;fhf;Fk; rQ;rPtp kUe;J
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t. vz; fhz;lk; fhijfs;1. Gfhh; fhz;lk; 10 Nghd;W tpsq;fpaJ. vdNt> ‘caph;je;J <Ak;
fhijfs;2. kJiuf; fhz;lk; 13 fhijfs; |3
kUe;njhj;jJ’ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhd;.
3. tQ;rpf; fhz;lk; 07 fhijfs; 31. Mj;jhf; fpotp ahh;?
rpyg;gjpfhuk; 40 fhijfs; Mj;jhf; fpotp vd;gts; 1.
23. kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kze;jJ vJ? murpfz;Zf;fpdpahspd; Njhop> 2. jpUl;Lj;
kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kze;jJ ‘Ky;iy njhopy; nra;Ak; tPug;gdpd; kidtp3. Ntyidg;
kyh;fNs’ MFk;. Ky;iy kyh;fs; nfhbapd;Nky; ngw;wjha;> 4. murd; kfs; md;dj;jpd; nrtpypj;
nkhl;L tphpe;J > xsp nghUe;jp> kzkfspd; jha; Mths;.
$e;jiyg; Nghy kzk; tPrpf; nfhz;bUe;jd. 32. fjph;ehl;L murd; murpahh; ngah;fis
24. rpyg;gjpfhuk; $Wk; %d;W cz;ikfs;ahit? vOJf.
1. murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F mwk; $w;whFk;. fjph; ehl;L murd; ngah; - fjpiu Ntyd; . fjph;
2. ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cah;e;Njhh; Vj;Jth; ehl;Lmuprp ngah; - fz;Zf;fpdpahs;
3. Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk; vd;gd 33. jkpof muR ghujpjhridg; Nghw;wpAs;sik
rpyk;G czh;j;Jk; %d;W cz;ikfs;MFk;. ahq;qdk;?jkpof muR ghujpjhridg; Nghw;Wk;
25.rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F ciunaOjpa ngUkf;fs; ahth;? tifapy;> 1. jpUr;rpapy; ghujpjhrd; ngauhy;
1. mUk;gj ciufhuh; - E}y; KOikf;Fk; gy;fiyf; fofk; xd;iw epWtpAs;sJ. 2. mth;
mUk;gjq;fSf;F kl;Lk; ciu vOjpath; jk; ftpij> ciu eil E}y;fis ehl;L
2. mbahh;f;F ey;yhh; - tpsf;fkhf ciu cilikahf;fpr; rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.
vOjpath; 3. e.K. Ntq;flrhkp ehl;lhh; - E}y; 34. md;dk; Ntyidg; gw;wp tpdhtpaJ ahJ?
KOikf;Fk; ciu vOjpath; md;dk; Mj;jhf;fpotpaplk;> Ntyidr; Rl;bf;
26. Re;jufhz;lk; vd;W ngah; tuf; fhuzk; fhl;b ‘,th; ahh;?’ vd;W Nfl;lhs;. Mj;jhf; fpotp
ahJ?mDkDf;Fr; Re;jud; vd;Dk; ngaUk; cz;L. ‘vd; kfd;’ vd;W nrhd;dhs;. gpwF mts;> ‘Nto
mDkdpd; jiyik gz;Gfs; tPW ngw;W ehl;lhh; vd;idr; rpiwg;gpbf;f tUk; NghJ
tpsq;Ftjhy; ,f;fhz;lk;Re;jufhz;lk;vdngah;ngw;wJ. mtu;fisj; jLj;J vd; capiuAk; khdj;ijAk;
27.mDkd; ,uhkid va;jpaJk; nra;j nray; fhj;jth; ,th; jhNkh?‛ vd;W Nfl;lhs;.
ahH? mDkd; ,uhkid va;jpaJk; mtDila 35. Njk;ghtzp - nghUs; $Wf.
tPuf;foy; mzpe;j jpUtbfis tzq;ftpy;iy
Njk;ghtzp - Njk;gh + mzp ‘thlhj khiy’
.G+kpapy; gpwe;jjpUkfshfpa rPjhNjtp ,Ue;j
jpiria Nehf;fpj; jiy jho;j;jp> if$g;gp> vd;Wk; Njd; + gh +mzp - Njd; Nghd;w ghf;fis
jiuapy; tpOe;J> gzpthfg; Nghw;wp mzpahf cilaJ vd;Wk; nghUs; gLk;.
tzq;fpdhd;. 36. fpwpj;Jt rkaj;jhhpd; fiyf; fsQ;rpak;
28. ,uhkd; Fwpg;ghy; czh;e;jit ahit? vd;W Nghw;wg; ngWk; E}y; vJ?
rPij eyKld; ,Uf;fpwhs;. mDkd; rPijiaf; fpwj;Jt rkaj;jhupd; fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vd;W
fz;lJ cz;ik rPij> fw;G epiy jtwhJ Nghw;wg;ngWk; E}y; Njk;ghtzp MFk;.
,Uf;fpwhs; vd;gd mDkdpd; Kff; Fwpg;ghy; 37. Njk;ghtzp vj;jid fhz;lq;fis cilaJ?
,uhkd; czh;e;jit MFk;. Njk;ghtzp %d;W fhz;lq;fis cilaJ
29. ‘fz;lndd;’ vd;W mDkd; $wpait ahit? 38. Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiyth; ahh;?
Njtu;fSf;Fj; jiytNu! ahd; ,yq;if vd;Dk; Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiyth;> ,NaR
efhpy;> fw;gpDf;F mzpfykha; tpsq;Ffpd;w ngUkhdpd; tsh;gG ; j; je;ijahfpa#irkhKdpth;>
rPjhg; gpuhl;bia vd; fz;fshy; fz;L 39. tPukhKdpth; ,aw;ngah; ahJ?
te;Njd;.Mjyhy;> ‘mtuJ fw;gpidg; gw;wpa tPukhKdpthpd; ,aw;ngah; ‘nfhd;];lhd; N[hrg;
Iaj;ijAk;Jauj;ijAk; ePf;FtPuhf’ vd;W ng];fp’ MFk;.
mDkd; ,uhkgpuhdplk; $wpdhd;. 40. tsd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUis tpsf;Ff.
30. ‘caph; je;J <Ak; kUe;njhj;jJ’ vd;W tsd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ‘tsq;fis tsur;
mDkd; Fwpg;gpl;ljd; nghUs; ahJ? nra;gtd;’ ; vd;gjhFk;.

41. ANjah ehl;by; gifnfhz;L epd;w ,dj;jhh; ,iwtidr; ruziltNj rpwe;j topahFk; vd;W
ahth;?A+Njah ehl;by; gif nfhz;L $Wfpwhh; fk;gh;.
epd;w,dj;jhh;> kiy ehLfspy; tho;e;j .2 ,iwtho;j;Jg; ghlyhy;mwpayhFk; nra;jpfisf;$Wf.
‘gpypj;ijah;’ Mth.; ,iwtd; ‘xUtNd‘ Mthd; . mtd;
42. ‘cyh’ vd;gjd; nghUis tpsf;Ff. cUtkw;wtd;. vdpDk; cyfpYs;s vy;yhg;
cyh vd;gjw;Fg; ‘gtdp tuy;’ ; vd;gJ nghUs; nghUs;fspYk; ePf;fkw epiwe;J ,Uf;fpd;whd;.
43. Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; ahit? cUtk;> mUtk;. mUTUtk; vdg; gy;NtW
Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; 1. jz;nghUieahW 2. epiyfshf ,iwtd; jpfo;fpd;whd;. ,iwtd;
rpw;whW 3. Nfhjz;l uhk MW MfpadthFk;. cynfq;Fk; xspUk; Ngnuhsp kakhdtd;; ‘jz;’
44. fyk;gfk; -ngah;f;fhuzk; jUf. vd;wpUf;Fk; jd;ik gilj;jtd;. jd;id ‘,y;iy’
fyk;gfk;- fyk;+ gfk; fyk; - gd;dpuz;L (12) vd;W $Wgthplj;jpYk; ,Ug;gtd; jd;id ‘cz;L’
gfk; -mjpy; ghjp MW (6) gjpndl;L cWg;Gfs; vd;W ciug;gtdplk; kiwe;jpUg;gtd;. ,j;jifa
mikag; ghlg;gLtjhy; ‘fyk;gfk;’ vdg; ngah; ,iwtid ek; khDlf; fz;fshy; fhz
ngw;wJ. ,ayhJ. mUshNy mtid mwpa ,aYk; .
45. Njthu %th; ahth;? mtid ehk; mwpe;J ca;tjw;F top>
1. mg;gh; 2. Re;juh; 3. rk;ge;jh;. ,iwtidr; ruz; miltJ xd;W kl;LNk MFk;.
46. Re;juh; Njthuk; ve;j jpUKiwapy; 4. tujeQ;irag; gps;is vf;fhuzq;fshy;
itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ? jkpod;idia tho;j;Jtk; vd;W $Wfpd;whh;?
Re;juh; Njthuk;> gd;dpU jpUKiwapy; ‘Vohk;’ jkpo; kf;fspd; ,sikg; gUtj;jpNy> Kjd;
jpUKiwahf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Kjyhf mth;fspd; ehitg; NgRtjw;F
47. Re;juu; vOjpa kw;nwhU E}y; vJ? mirtpj;j nkhop> jkpo; nkhop. jkpoh;fspd;
Re;juh; vOjpa kw;nwhU E}y; ‘jpUj;njhz;lj; mwpTf; fz;izj; jpwe;J cyf elg;Gfisj;
njhif’ vd;gjhFk;. njsptha; vLj;Jiuj;J> mtw;wpd; cz;ikfis
48. ePyNfrpapd; NtW ngah; ahJ? mth;fs; fUj;njhL nghUe;jr; nra;j nkhop>
‘ePyNfrpj;jpul;L’ vd;gjhFk;. jkpo;nkhop. jkpoh;fspd; cs;sf; fUj;Jfis>
49. fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gh; vd;W miof;fg;gLgth; ahh;? rpe;jidfis kw;wth;fSf;F mwptpg;gjw;Ff;
vr;. V. fpU\;zg;gps;is Mthh;. fUtpaha; ‘ehd; ,Uf;fpNwd;’ vd;W
50. Re;juh; ‘jk;gpuhd; Njhoh;’ vd;W miof;fg;glf; nrhy;ypf;nfhz;L te;j jpUj;jkhd nkhop> jkpo;
fhuzk; ahJ?rptngUkhd; Re;juiu jk; nkhop. gy;NtW tifg;gl;l may; nkhopfisf;
Njhouha;f; nfhz;lhh;. mjdhy; Re;juh; ‘jk;gpuhd; fw;gjw;Fj; jkpoh;f;F cjtp Ghpe;j tsk;
nghUe;jpa nkhop> jkpo;nkhop.,j;jifa
Njhoh’; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhh;. fhuzq;fshy;> ‘jkpod;idia tho;f! tho;f!
1. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSs; vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F
vd;W nrhy;yp> ‘jkpo;jhapd; jpUtbfisg;
kl;Lk; tpilvoJf (7 to 16) 3x4=12 gzpe;J
1. fk;gh; ‘ ed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;f;if’ vd tpae;J tho;j;JNthk;‛vd;WtujeQ;irag;gps;is$Wfpd;whh;
$Wtjd; eaj;ij tpsf;Ff. .5. ,e;jpah; midtUk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf;
‘vy;yh kjj;jtUk; ,iwtd; xUtNd’ vd;gjhy; iff;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;? Vd;?
fk;gh;> ‘xd;Nw nad;dpd; xd;Nwahk;’ vd;fpwhh; ‘ ,/J ,e;jpa ehL; ,e;j ehL vq;fSf;Nf
vdpDk; vy;yhg;nghUs;fspYk; ,Ug;gjhy; ‘gyNt’ chpikahd ehL‛ vd;W ehs;NjhWk; ,e;jpah;
vd;fpwhh;. cyfpYs;s vg;nghUisg; NghyTk; xt;nthUtUk; ,e;jpa ehl;bidg; Nghw;wpg; ghl
,iwtd; ,y;iy vd;why; ,y;iy Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpa ehl;bw;F chpikapy;yhj
jhd;.fjputidg; Nghyg; Ngnuhsp nfhz;ltdh> me;epah; gyh; ,q;F te;J> ek;ik mbikg;gLj;jp
epyitg; Nghd;W jz;> vd;W ,Ug;ghdh> Mz;ldh;. mg;NghJ ,e;jpah; nghWg;gpy;yhky;
fhw;wpidg; Nghd;W vq;Fk; gutp epiwe;jpUg;gtdh J}q;fpf; fple;j fhyq;fs; fope;jd.
vd;why; ‘ Mk;’ vd;gjhy; cz;L jhd;. cyfpy; ,e;jpah;fshfpa ek;Kila tho;T kyu>
,iwtd; ,y;iy vd;W nrhd;dhy; ,y;iy jhd;. te;jtiuAk; NghdtiuAk; ek;gp tho;e;J
,iwtd; ‘cz;L’ vd;W nrhd;dhy; cz;L jhd;. nfhz;bUe;j fhyq;fs; kiwe;J Nghapd. vdNt>
,t;thW> gy;NtWgl;l jd;ikfis xUq;Nf ,d;W Kjy; ,e;jpah; midtUk; ‘,e;jpah-
nfhz;ltdha; ,iwtd; ,Uj;jyhy;> mtid vq;fSf;F chpikahd ehL’ vd;Dk;
‘ed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;f;if’ vd;W tpae;J vz;zj;ijkdj;jpy;nfhs;s tz;Lk;.njhifE}y;fs;
$Wfpwhh; fk;gh;. NkYk; ,g;gbg;gl;l ,iwtdpd; .6.Gwk;+ ehd;F+ E}W - GwehD}W> ‘Gwk;’ vdTk;>
jd;ikfshff; fz;Lzh;e;J> ehk;filj;NjWtjw;F ‘Gwg;ghl;L’ vdTk; toq;fg;gLk;. vl;Lnjhif
E}y;fSs; xd;W. ntl;rp Kjy; ngUe;jpiz vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly;. $wpath; - Mrphpah;>
Kba cs;s Gwj;jpizfSf;Fhpa Jiwg; Nfl;lth;- gadpd; %g;gpw; gy;rhd;Nwhh;
nghUs;fs; mike;j (400) ehD}W 2 tpsf;fk;: KJik fhuzkhf kPdpd; Ks;isg;
ghly;fisf;nfhz;Ls;sjhy; ‘GwehD}W’ vd;W Nghd;W ntz;ikahd jiyKbapidAk; Njhy;
ngah; ngw;wJ. ,e;E}ypd; flTs; tho;j;Jg; RUq;fpafd;dq;fisAk; cila gadpy;yhj %g;G
ghliyg; ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh; cila rhd;NwhNu!$h;ikahd kOthfpa
MAjj;ij Ve;jpathW> typik tha;e;j vkd; Page
ghbAs;shh;. gy;NtW fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j gy;NtW
Gyth;fshy; ghlg;gl;lit.KbAil %Nte;jh;fs;> ghrf;fapw;why; fl;b capiuf; ftu |5
rpw;wurh;fs;> mikr;rh;fs; Nridj; jiyth;fs;> tUk;NghJtUe;Jtjhy; ve;jg; gaDk; ,y;iy
tPuh;fs;> filnaOts;sy;fs;>filr;rq;fg; ( capUld; ........... vd;W mwpTWj;Jfpwhh;
Gyth;fs; MfpNahhpd; tPuk;> nfhilj;jpwk;> ehpnt&cj; jiyath;
ngUik Kjyhdtw;iw GwehD}w;wpd; %yk; 9. ,uhruhr Nrhodpd; tpy;> ths;> KuR> nfhb>
mwpayhk;. rq;f fhyj; jkpo; kf;fspd; tho;f;if Fil Fwpj;Jf; $wg;gl;ld ahit?
Kiw> ehfhpfk;> Nghh;j;jpwk;> gz;ghL kw;Wk; tpy;ypd; rpwg;G ,e;jpuid ntd;wJ; Xh; mk;gpid
gof;f tof;fq;fs; gw;wpar; nra;jpfisg; tpLj;Jg; ngUq;fly; fha;e;J> tw;WkhW nra;jJ.
GwehD}W ekf;F toq;Ffpd;wJ.GwehD}W> thspd; rpwg;G Nrho kf;fs; ey;tho;T ngwf;
‘jkpohpd; cahpa tho;tpay; rpe;jidfis fhtphp MW gha;tjw;Fr; iry kiyia ntl;b
tpsf;Fk; fUT+yk;‛ ,J njhFf;fg;gl;l fhyk; toptpl;lJ; thdj;jpy; mire;j mRuh;fspd;
fp.gp.,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;L. ,jpy; 11Gwj;jpizfSk; efuj;jpidj; njhiyj;jJ. Kurpd;rpwg;G tQ;rp
65JiwfSk; vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sd. jkpo; kPJ khehpy; jpiwahff; nfhLj;j flg;g kuj;jhy;
gw;Wf; nfhz;l [p.A. Nghg; mth;fs; GwehD}w;Wg; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Nghhpy; Njhw;w Ntw;W ehl;L
ghly;fs; rpytw;iw Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;J kd;diuj; jiyapy; kz; Rke;J fhtphp miz
ntspapl;Ls;shh;. fl;LkhW nra;jJ.nfhbapd;rpwg;G Mapuk;
7. vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fs; ahit? fz;fisf; nfhz;L. NkUkiyiaj; jhtpr; Rw;wp
mfg;nghUs; E}y;fs; Gwg;nghUs; E}y;fs; mfk; + te;j ,e;jpuidf; nfhbapy; Gypahff;
Gwk; 1. ew;wpiz> 4. fypj;njhif 6. gjpw;Wg; nfhz;lJ.Filapd; rpwg;G Nrho ehl;L kf;fisf;
gj;J2.FWe;njhif 5.mfehD}W 7. GwehD}W fhf;Fk; nghUl;L> thdsT nebJ cah;e;J>
8.ghpghly;3. Iq;FWE}W 2. ehpnt& cj;jiyahh; mz;l $lj;ij xj;J epw;gJ ,uhruhr Nrho
gadpy;yhj KJikAilahiu tpspj;Jf; kd;ddpd; Fil
$Wtdtw;iw vOJf.fad;Ks; sd;d eiuKjph; 10. njd;fiu ehl;bd; tsk; Fwpj;JKf;$lw;gs;S
jpiufTl;gadpd; %g;gpw; gy;rhd;wPNu‛KJik ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.
fhuzkhf kPdpd; Ks;isg; Nghd;W ntz;ikahd #hpadpd; ntg;gj;jpdhy; ntapy; fhAk; kf;fspd;
jiyKbapidAk; Njhy; RUq;fpafd;dq;fisAk; tapW grpahy; fhahJntz;ikahd
cila gadpy;yhj %g;Gcila japh;fz;lq;fs;jhd; kf;fs; Neha; fz;lq;fshy;
rhd;NwhNu!fzpr;rpf; $h;k;gilf; fLe;jpw nyhUtd; kdk; fyq;fhh; epiy FiyAk;.kha;e;J xoptd
gpzpf;Fq; fhiy apuq;Ftph; khNjh‛$h;ikahd ehopifAk; thuKNk MFk; kf;fSs; ,sikapy;
kOthfpa MAjj;ij Ve;jpathW> typik ,wg;gth; vtUk; ,yh;fyq;fpr; Roy;tJ
tha;e;j vkd; ghrf;fapw;why; fl;b capiuf; ftu ePH;rR
; opfis cila kf;fs; gpwehl;Lg; gilahy;
tUk;NghJ tUe;JtPh;! mg;NghJ tUe;jpg; fyq;fpr; Roy;tJ ,y;iynts;sk; kl;LNk ed;F
gadpy;iy.‘ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;my;yJ Kw;wpa nre;ney; gapNu jiy rhAk; kf;fs;
nra;j Nyhk;Gkpd;‛capUld; thOk; NghNj fhag;gl;Lk;> Fiy NehAw;Wk; jiy rha;tJ
ey;yJ nra;Aq;fs;. ey;y tpidfisr; ,y;iy. Jwtpfs; kl;LNk jdpahf tho;thh;
nra;ahtpl;lhYk; jPaijr; nra;jiyahtJ fztd; kidtpah; jdpj;J ,uhh;.re;jdf;fl;il
jtph;j;J kl;LNk miug;gjhy; NjAk; nra;Aspy;nghUs;
tpLq;fs;. mJNt vy;NyhUk; tpUk;GtJ. mJ Nja;T ,uhJ ,itNa njd;fiu ehl;bd;tsk;
kl;Lkd;W>cq;fis kWikapy; ey;y topahfpa Fwpj;J Kf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdthk;.
tPl;Lyfpy;nrYj;jf;$ba mwtopAk; 11.jiytp Nkfj;jplk; nkhope;j
mJNtahFk;‛vd;W ehpnt&cj;jiyahh; J}Jnkhopfs;ahit? nre;jhkiu kyh; Nghd;w
$Wfpwhh;. 8. ,lQ;Rl;b tpsf;Ff. ‘ ey;yJ moFk; Fsph;rr ; pAk; cila fz;fis
nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk; my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;G cilatuhd jpUkhy; Japy;nfhs;tJ Nghy>
kpd;‛,lk; ngw;w E}y;: GwehD}W ‘gy;rhd;wPNu’ re;jdkuq;fs; epiwe;Js;s nghjpa kiyr;
rhuypy; Fbnfhz;L thOk; Nkff; $l;lq;fNs!

mofpa ntz;kjpAk; ,iuNjb miyfpd;w J}a;ikahd Nrhjp tbthdtd;.mbadha;

Fapypd; ,sq;FQ;Rk; vd; capiu tpOq;Ftjhy; jpUntz;nza; ey;Y}hpy; Xh;mbik xiyiaf;
ehd; kpfTk; tUe;JfpNwd;.vd; epiyia NkU fhl;bMl;nfhz;ltd; vd;id (Re;juiu) mbik
kiyapYk; fapyha kiyapYk;> nfhz;ltd;> rptngUkhd; ew;gjj;jhd;
nghjpakiyapYk; jq;fp tho;gtUk;> mur mbath;fSf;F mUs;GhpAk; jpUg;ghjq;fis
Fkhupahfpa jlhjifg;gpuhl;bapd; fztUkhfpa cilatd; rptngUkhd; es;shw;whd; jpUes;shW
kJiuapy; vOe;jUsp cs;s NrhkRe;jug; vd;Dk; gjpapy; vOe;jUsp ,Ug;gtd;mKjhdtd;
ngUkhdplk; nrd;W Gfy;tPh;fshf! vd;W mKjk; Nghy; vd; caphpy; fye;J ,dpg;gtd;
jiytpNkfj;jplk; J}J nkhopfis nkhope;jhs;. rptngUkhd;.,j;jifa rpwg;Gfis cila
12. ngUkhs; ciw jpUNtq;flg;gjp Fwpj;Jg; rptngUkhid kwe;J> eha; Nghd;w mbatdhfpa
gps;is ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; $Wtd ahit? ehd; NtW vd;d epidg;Ngd;?xd;iwAk; epidf;f
jpUg;ghw;fliy kiyNghd;w jk; iffshy; khl;Nld; vd;W Re;juh; kdk; cUFfpwhh;.
file;J> mKjj;ij vLj;Jj; Njth;fSf;Ff; 15. FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJk; Ntz;lhjJk;
nfhLj;j ngUikkpf;f jpUkhy; vOe;jUsp ahit?
tho;fpd;w kiy jpUNtq;fl kiyahFk;. FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJ ‘Njdhh;G+Q; Nrhiyj;
gpiwr;re;jpuidj; jiyapy; #ba rptngUkhDk; jpUNtq; flr; RisapykPdhw;g; gpwf;Fk; tpjpAilNa
kdk; Fspuf; fhZk; kiy. gpuk;kDk;> ,e;jpuDk; dhNtNdNjd; rpe;Jk ; kyh; Nrhiyfis
Ntjq;fis Muha;fpd;w Kdpth;fSk; Kg;gJ cilajpUNtq;flk; vd;Dk; jpUkiyapy;
Kf;Nfhbj; Njth;fSk; jk; fz;fshy; fz;L cs;sePh; epiwe;jRidfspy; kPdha;g; gpwf;Fk;
jhprpf;Fk; kiy. ,th;fs; midtUk; fhiy> ew;Ngw;wpidNa ehdtpUk;GfpNwd; vd;W FyNrfu
khiy Mfpa ,U NtisfspYk; jk; mwpTf;Fs; Mo;thh;
Njf;fp itj;Jg; Nghw;Wfpd;w rpwe;j kiy ‘ FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;lhjJ
jpUNtq;flkiy’ MFk;. Mdhj nry;tj; juk;igah;fs; jw;#othdhSQ;
13 gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; gw;wpf; Fwpg;G nry;tKk; kz;zuRk; ahd; Ntz;Nld;‛ Fiwtw;w
vOJf. moF kpf;f thDyf eldkhjh;fshfpa
ngah; : gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; muk;igah;fs; vd;idr; Rw;wp
gpwe;j Ch; : Nrho ehl;bYs;s ‘jpUkq;if’ FOkpaUf;f,e;jpuNyhfj;ijMSk; tha;g;Gk;
rkak; : itztk; xUNru vdf;Fffpilg;gjhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtw;iw
fhyk; : fp.gp 17 Mk; E}w;whz;L ehd; tpUk;g khl;Nld; vd;W FyNrfu Mo;thh;
rpwg;G ngah;fs; : $Wfpwhh
‘jpt;tpaftp’mofpakzthsjhrh;’ nja;tf; ftpQh; 16. rpYitapy; ghpj;jpahfk; nra;j ngUkhidf;
,aw;wpait : vl;L E}y;fspd; fpU\;zg;gps;is vt;thW mQ;ryp nra;fpwhh;?
njhFjpiaf;nfhz;l m\;lg;gpuge;jk; ‘ ,NaR gpuhd;> fd;dpj;jd;ik mopahj
Mw;wpa gzpfs; : kJiu jpUkiy khpahspd; kfdhf ,t;Tyfpy; Njhd;wpdhh;.
ehaf;fkd;dhpd; mitapy; mYtyh;; gpd;dh; epiyngw;w mopahj,t;Tyfj;jpy; thOk;
,iwj; njhz;by; jk;ik<LgLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;. Nfhbf;fzf;fhd caph;fs; midj;Jk;
cah;itg;Gyg;gLj;Jk; gonkhop.m\;lgpuge;jk; tPLNgw;wpid milAk; nghUl;Lj;
fw;wtd; miug; gz;bjd; mj;jifa,uf;fKs;s topgL flTshfpa ,NaR
nrhy; - nghUs; - njhil- eil Nehf;Ff; ngUkhid> ek; ,UiffisAk; jiyNky; J}f;fp
nfhz;L> ,th;jk; ghly;fs; xsph;fpd;wd. $g;gpj; njhOJ tzq;FNthk;‛ vd;W rpYitapy;
14.ehapNdd; kwe;J vz;zpidf;NfNd’ vd;W ghpj;jpahfk; nra;j ,NaR ngUkhidf;
Re;juh; cUFkhw;wpid tpsf;Ff. fpU\;zg;gps;is mQ;ryp nra;fpwhh;.
fw;gf kuk; Nghd;wts; Ntz;Lgth;f;F 17. mwpth;f;Fk; mwptdhfpa mUfNjtid
Ntz;batw;iw toq;Fk; fw;gfj; jUtpidg; ePyNfrp topg;gl;lik vt;thW?
Nghd;wtd; rptngUkhd; fdfkhy;tiu mwpQh;fSf;nfy;yhk; rpwe;j mwpQdha; ,Uf;Fk;
nghd;kakhd fapyha kiyiag; Nghd;wtd; mUfNjtNd !eP mhpaizapy;mUs;newpNahL
fhkNfhgd; jd; jtj;jpw;F ,ilA+W tpistpj;j mkh;e;jpUg;gha;. xsptPRk; ntz;ikahd fthpiaf;
fhkd; kPJ Nfhgk; nfhz;L new;wpf; fz;zhy; ifapy; Ve;jp> fe;jUth; cd; ,Ugf;fq;fspYk;
vhpj;jtd;fz; Ejyhd; new;wpapy; jPg;nghwp epd;W> fthpfis mirg;gh;. MNyhfk;>
gwf;Fk; new;wpf; fz;iz cilatd;> gpugh%h;j;jp> fdg;gpuia Mfpa %d;W jpUnthsp
rptngUkhd;.Nrhjp tbthdtd; nrhy;Yk; epoy; jUk; kz;byq;fs; xsptPrpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
nrhw;fspd; nghUs;top Vw;gLk; mf ,Ushfpa jpq;fisg; Nghd;w tl;ltbtkhd Kf;Filfs;
Mzt kyj;jpidg; Nghf;fp>njsptpid mUSk; jiyf;F Nky; ftpo;e;J epoy;jUk;
Njth;$l;lkhfpa ey;y mitapdh; Nfl;L xUtd; nra;j cjtpiakwe;jtDf;F
njsptilAk; gb> %d;W Mfkq;fisj; jpUtha; mg;ghtj;jpypUe;J ePq;Fk; top ,y;iyahk;.
kyh;e;J mUspdha; ! MfNt ! ePyNfrptopgl;lhh;. 2 . ‘nghiwAilik’ vd;Dk; mjpfhuk;
1. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSs; vitNaDk; xd;wDf;F ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.
kl;Lk; tpilvoJf (17 to 19) 1x8=8 nghiwAilikapd; rpwg;G:
1 . ‘nra;e;ed;wpawpjy;’ gw;wp ts;Sth; $wpAs;s 1. jd;idj; Njhz;LgtiuAk; fPNo tpohky;
Page
fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf. jhq;Fk; G+kpiag; Nghyj; jk;ik
mtkjpg;gtiuAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; |7
itafKk; thdfKk; xg;ghfh:
1.. itafKk; thdfKk; xg;ghfh vjw;F? jiyrpwe;j mwkhFk;. 2. gpwh; nra;Ak; tuk;G
1. ehk; Xh; cjtpAk; nra;ahJ ,Uf;Fk; fle;j Fw;wj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;
epiyapy; xUth; ekf;Fr; nra;j cjtpf;F rpwe;jJ. me;jf; Fw;wj;jpid kwe;J tpLjy;
,k;kz;ZyfKk; tpz;ZyfKk; xg;ghfh. mijtplr; rpwe;jJ.
2. epy cyfj;ij tpl kpfg;nghpaJ vJ? 3. tWikf;Fs; tWikahtJ tPl;bw;F tUk;
epy cyfj;ij tplg; nghpaJ tpUe;jpdiu cgrhpf;f KbahikNa MFk;.
2. Mgj;Jf;fhyj;jpy; xUth; nra;j cjtp kpfr; (mwptpyhh; nra;Ak; tuk;G fle;jFw;wj;jpidg;
rpwpajha; ,Ue;jhYk; mJ nra;ag;gl;l fhyj;ij nghWj;Jf; nfhs;tJ typikf;Fs; rpwe;j
Nehf;Fk;NghJ ,e;epycyfj;ij tpl kpfTk; typikahFk;)
nghpajhFk;. flypd; nghpaJ: 4. ew;Fzq;fs; ek;ik tpl;L ePq;fhjpUf;f
3. flypd; nghpaJ vJ? Ntz;Lkhdhy;> nghWik vd;Dk; Fzj;ijg;
3. gaid vjph;ghuhky; xUth; nra;j cjtpapd; Nghw;wpf; fhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. gpwh; nra;jd
rpwg;ig Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy;> mJ flypDk; nghWj;jy;
nghpajhFk;. nra;ed;wpmwpthhpd; ,ay;G : 5. jkf;Fj; jPq;F nra;jtiuj; jz;bj;jtiur;
4. xUth; jpiz msT kpfr; rpwpa cjtpiar; rhd;Nwhh; xU nghUl;lhf kjpf;fkhl;lhh;. Mdhy;>
nra;jhYk;> mjidg; gidasT nghpjha; nghWj;Jf;
kjpj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;> gad; njhpthh;. 6. jkf;Fj; jPq;F nra;jtiuj; jz;bj;jth; me;j
5. xUth; kw;wth;f;Fr; nra;j cjtp mt;Tjtpapd; xU ehs; kl;LNk kd epiwthfpa ,d;gk;
msitg; nghWj;jJ md;W;mt;Tjtpiag; va;Jth;. jPq;F nra;jtiug; nghWj;J
ngw;wtUila jFjp t;tstpdNjh mt;tsitg; nfhz;lth;f;Nfh cyfk; mopAk; tiu Gfo;
nghWj;jjhFk;. kwtw;f Jwtw;f: cz;lhFk;.
4.. kwtw;f vdTk; Jwtw;f vdTk; jpUts;Sth; 7. nra;aj;jfhj Jd;gr; nray;fisg; gpwh;
vtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;? jdf;Fr; nra;jhYk; mjw;fhf tUe;jp mwj;jpw;F
6. jpUts;Sth;> Fw;wkw;w ey;yth; el;gpid khwhd nray;fisr; nra;ahjpUj;jy; ey;yJ.
kwj;jy; $lhJ vd;fpwhh;. Jd;gk; Neh;e;j 8. nrUf;fpdhy; jkf;Fj; jPik nra;jhiuAk;
fhyj;jpy; jkf;F cjtpaha; ,Ue;jth;fspd; jkJ nghWikapdhy; ntw;wp nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
el;igf; iftpLjy; $lhJ vd;fpwhh;. nfhLQ;nrhw;fisg; nghWj;jy;:
vOgpwg;Gk; cs;Sth;: 9. tuk;Gfle;J NgRNthhpd; nfhba nrhw;fisAk;
7. jkf;F Vw;gl;l Jd;gj;jpid ePf;fpatUila nghWj;Jf; nfhs;gth; gw;ww;w JwtpapDk;
cah;e;j el;gpid VO tifg;gl;l gpwtpaYk; Nkyhdth; Mth;.
kwthJ epidj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;>rhd;Nwhh; . 10. cz;zhNehd;G ,Uf;Fk; nghpath;fis tplj;
kwg;gJk; kwthjJk;: jk;ik ,fo;Nthhpd; nrhw;fisg; nghWj;Jf;
8. gpwh; nra;j ed;ikia kwg;gJ mwkhfhJ. nfhs;gth; Nkyhdth;Mthh
mth;nra;j jPikia clNd kwe;J tpLtJ 3 . ‘mwpTilik’ vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; njhptpf;f
mwkhFk;. ed;wy;yij kwf;f: ngw;Ws;s fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.
9. nfhiy nra;tJ Nghd;w nfhLikfisr; mwptpd; rpwg;G:
nra;jhYk;> mth; nra;j xU ed;ikia epidf;f> 1. mwpT vd;gJ> xUtUf;F mopT Neuhky;
jPikfs; vy;yhk;kiwe;J tpLk;. Kd;dNu mwpe;J fhf;ff; $ba fUtpahFk;. mJ
nra;ed;wp kwj;jypd; nfhLik: kl;Lkd;wp giftuhy;mopf;f Kbahj muZk;
5.. nra;ed;wp kwj;jypd; nfhLikiaf; $Wf. MFk;.mwptpd; ,yf;fzk;:
1. vj;jifa mwq;fis mopj;jth;f;Fk; 2. kdj;ijj; jPa topfspypUe;J tpyf;fp> ey;y
mg;ghtj;jpypUe;J ePq;f topAz;L. Mdhy;> topapy; nrYj;JtNj mwpthFk;.

3. ve;jr; nra;jpia vth; $wf; Nfl;lhYk;> cz;lhf;Fkhjyhy;mtd; midtuhYk;

mr;nra;jpapy; cs;s cz;ikahd nghUis kjpf;fg;gLthd; vz;zpahq;F va;Jthh;: 6. xU
Muha;e;J fhz ty;yNjrpwe;j mwpthFk;. nraiyr; nra;J Kbj;jw;F chpa kdj;jpl;gk;
4. gpwh; kdk; nfhs;SkhW mhpa fUj;Jfis cilath;> jhk; vz;zpatw;iw vz;zpathNw
vLj;Jiug;gJk;> gpwh; $Wtdtw;Ws; Ez;nghUs; nra;J Kbf;f ty;yth; Mthh;.
fhz;gJk; rpwe;j mwpthFk;. cUT fz;L vs;shik Ntz;Lk; :
5. cyfpy; mwpT> xOf;fk; epiwe;j 7. tbtpy; rpwpa mr;rhzp kpfg;nghpa Njiur;
cah;e;jhNuhL el;Gf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. me;j nrYj;Jk;. mJNghy> tbtpy; rpwpatUk;
el;gpy; tsh;jy;> Nja;jy; ,y;yhky;vg;nghOJk; kpfg;nghpa nraiyr; nra;a ty;yth; Mth;.
xNu epiyapy; ,Uj;jy; rpwe;j mwpthFk;. mjdhy;> cUtpidf; fz;L xUtiu ,fof;
6. cyfj;jhh; vt;topapy; elf;fpd;wdNuh $lhJ. tpid nra;Ak; Kiw:
mt;topapy; jhDk; elg;gNj rpwe;j mwpthFk;. 8. tpidj;jpl;g Kilahh;> jhk; Nkw;nfhz;l
mwpTilahuJ ,yf;fzk;: nraiy kdk; njspe;J> Jzpe;J> Nrhh;tpy;yhky;>
7. mwpTilahh;> gpd;dhy; tug;Nghtij Kd;Ng fhyk; jho;j;jhJ tpiue;J nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Mw;wy; cilath; Mth;. 9. xU nraypidr; nra;Ak; NghJ Jd;gq;fs;
mwptpyhh;> gpd;dhy; tug;Nghtij Kd;Ng mwpa Nkd;NkYk; mLf;fp te;jhYk; kdk; fyq;fhky;
,ayhjth; Mth;. Kbtpy; ,d;gk; jUk; mr;nraiyj; JzpTld;
8. mQ;r Ntz;ba gop ghtq;fSf;F mQ;rhky; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; cyfj;jhy; kjpf;fg;glhjth;:
tho;tJ mwpahik MFk;. mQ;r Ntz;ba gop 10. tpid nra;tjpy; kdj;jpl;gk; cilatiuNa
ghtq;fSf;F mQ;rptho;jy;mwpTilNahh; cyfk; tpUk;gpg; Nghw;Wk;. tpidj;jpl;gk;
nrayhFk;. mwpTilahh;f;Fj; Jd;gkpy;iy ,y;yhjth; NtW vj;jifa jpl;gKilatuhapDk;
9. gpd;dhy; tuf;$ba Jd;gq;fis Kd;dNu mtiu cyfk; tpUk;ghJ.
mwpe;Jfhj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $ba mwpTilahh;f;F> 1. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSs; vitNaDk; xd;wDf;F
mth; mQ;rp eLq;FkhWNeuf;$ba Jd;gk; kl;Lk; tpilvoJf (20 to 21) 4x1=4‘
vJTkpy;iy. vy;yhk; cilath;> xd;Wkpy;yhjth;: 1.neLe;Njh; Ch;kjp tyt ‚
10. mwpTilahh; NtW vJTk; ,y;yhjtuhdhYk; Koe;jd;W mk;k ehk Kd;dpa tpidNa
vy;yhr; nry;tq;fisAk; cilath; Mth;. mwpT 1.,t;tb gapd;Ws;s E}y; mfehD}W
,y;yhjth; vy;yhr;nry;tq;fisAk; 2. ,jidg; ghbath; kJiu...... ks;sdhh;
ngw;wpUe;jhYk; xd;Wk; ,y;yhjth; Mth 3. tyt -nghUs; Njh;g;ghfd; Gutp - Fjpiu
4 . tpidj;jpl;gk; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; jpUts;Sth; 4. ,jpYs;s jpiz Ky;yiyj; jpiz
$wpAs;sd ahit? tpidj;jpl;gk;: 5. jiykfd; Njh;gg ; hfw;Fr;nrhy;ypaJ
1. tpidj;jpl;gk; vd;gJ> xUtd; vj;jid 2.‘gr;#d; nga;j ige;epz ty;rp
,lh;ghLfs; Vw;gl;lhYk; fyq;fhky;> jhd; nghyk;Gid fyj;jpw; wUFntd; khNjh‛
Nkw;nfhz;l nraiyr; nra;J Kbf;Fk; 1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; Iq;FWE}W2. ghlypd;
kdtypikahFk;. gpw> jpz;ikfs; vd;W Mrphpah; Xjyhe;ijahh;3. ,J ew;wha; $w;whf
nrhy;yg;glh. ‘Ma;e;jth; Nfhs;’: cs;sJ
2. xUth;> xU nraiy Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ 4. gr;#d; - grpa Cd; / gRikahd khkprk;
Neuf;$ba ,ilA+Wfis Kd;Ng njhpe;J 5. ew;wha; fhf;ifaplk; Ntz;baJ
Kad;W tpyf;FjYk;> Kad;W 6. ty;rp - czT‘ntQ;rpd tpwy;Ntw; fhisnah
jLj;Jk; ,ilA+W NeUkhapd; kdk; lQ;rp Nyhjpia tuf;fiue; jPNk‛
fyq;fhikAk; tpidj;jpl;gKilahh; Nkw;nfhs;s
7. mQ;rpNyhjp - jiytp / jiykfs;
Ntz;ba newpfshkvw;wh tpOkk; jUk;
8. fhis - jiy kfd;
3. xUtd;> jhd; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiy KbtpNy
3‘ahUkpy;iy jhNd fs;td;
Gyg;gLkhW kiwj;Jr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. me;jr;
jhdJ ngha;g;gpd; ahndtd; nra;Nfh‛
nray; ,ilapNy ntspg;gLkhapd; mJ tpid
nra;thDf;F ePq;fhj Jd;gj;ijj; jUk;. 1.,lk; ngw;w E}y; FWe;njhif
vspaTk; mhpaTk; Mtd: 4. nra;J Kbj;jw;F 2. ghbath; fgpyh;
mhpa nray;fisAk; nra;J Kbf;f KbAk; vd;W 3.fs;td; -jiytd;
$Wjy; vy;Nyhh;f;Fk; vspikahdJ MFk;. 4. tiuT ePl;bj;j tplj;Jj; jiykfs; Njhopaplk;
Mdhy;> nrhy;ypagb nra;J Kbj;jy; kpfTk; $wpaJ 5. ngha;g;gpd; - #Siu‘xOFeP uhuy;
mUikahdJ MFk;. tpidj;jpl;gj;jpd; rpwg;G: ghh;f;Fk;FUF Kz;Ljhd; kze;j Qhd;Nw‛
5. vz;zj;jhy; rpwg;nga;jpa> khl;rpikg;gl;l 6. xOF ePH; - XLfpd;w ePH;
mikr;rdJ tpidj;jpl;gk;> murDf;Fr; rpwg;ig 7. Muy; - Muy; kPd;
8. FUF - ehiu kjahid - Nfhypahj;J gykspg;gth; - flTs;
4‘ntWq;if vd;gJ %lj;jdk; -cd; ty;ifNahL - ,iwtDila typikahd
tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk; !‛ fuq;fNshL ‘tz;Liw XjpAk; typas;‛
1. ftpij Ntiyfsy;y Nts;tpfNs ! 1. E}y; - fk;guhkhazk;
2. ,ijg; ghbath; jhuhghujp 2. Mrphpah; - fk;gh;
3. %iyapy; Klq;fpf; fplf;Fk; thypgid 3. typas; - rPij
4. kw;wptd; -mDkd; Page
Nehf;fpg; ghLfpwhh;4. tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk;
5. ntWq;if vd;gJ %ljdk;‘ Njhy;tpfs; VJk; 10.‘ mz;lh; ehaf ,dpj;Jwj;jp‛> $wpath; - |9
cdf;fpy;iy - ,dpj;njhLth dk; jhd; cd; mDkd; mz;lh; ehafd; - ,uhkh; ‘jpq;fnshd;
vy;iy‛6. ftpijj; njhFg;G E}y;‘ ,J vq;fs; wpUg;gd; .............‛ $wpath; - rPij mDkdplk;
fpof;F’7. vy;iyahf ,Ug;gJ njhLthdk; $wpdhh;
8. cdf;F - ,d;iwa ,isQh;fs; kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs; - rPij
9. njhopy; nra;a ek;kplk; vJTkpy;iy vd;W kz; Fspur; nra;Ak; kwNty;..........‛
nrhy;tJ %lj;jdkhFk;. 1. E}y; -rpyg;gjpfhuk;
5.gj;J tpuy;fshy; tUfpd;w ciog;Ng 2. Mrphpau; - ,sq;Nfhtbfs;
‘ciog;Ng’ ekf;F %yjdkhFk;. ,JNt 3. $wpath;-kJiu khefu kf;fs;
ghly;thpfs; czh;j;Jk; fUj;J 4. ‘jz;Fil’ -ghz;ba kd;dd; cilaJ.
‘flik Ghpe;jhd; ,tNd‛ 1.vitNaDk; ,ud;lDf;F kl;Lk; cWg;gpyf;fzk;
1. E}ypd; ngah; -ghz;bad; ghpR (24 to 28) 2+2=4
2. ghlyhrphpah; - ghujpjhrd; 1. thopa - tho; + ,a
3. ,ijf; $wpath; Mj;jhf;fpotp4. md;dj;jplk; tho; - gFjp> ,a- tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp
$wpdhh;5. nts;sj;jpypUe;Jk; Ntoehl;L 2. nra;f - nra; + f
kwthplkpUe;Jk; md;dk; fhg;ghw;w gl;l NghJ nra; - gFjp> f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp
$wpdhh;.‘ tha;j;jPNu khdj;ij capiuf; .........‛ 3. G+l;b - G+l;L + ,
6. ,jidf; $wpath; md;dk; G+l;L - gFjp> , - tpidnar;r tpFjp
7. Mj;jhtpd; kfd; Ntydplk; $wpdhs; 4. va;jp - va;J + , 5. Nghw;wp - Nghw;W + ,
8. flik Ghpe;jtd; Ntyd;.
6.‘ ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk; 6. Ve;jp - Ve;J +, 7. Nehf;fp - Nehf;F +,
my;yJ nra;j NyhkGkpdJ jhd; 8. Njhd;wp - Njhd;W +, 9. Jwj;jp - Jwj;J + ,
1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; GwehD}W 10. ,iwQ;rp - ,iwQ;R + ,
2. ghlyhrphpah; ehpnt&cj; jiyahh; ,iwQ;R - gFjp , - tpidnar;r gFjp
3. Xk;Gkpd; jtph;j;J tpLtPh; (jPaJ nra;jiy) 11. fhzPh; - fhz; + <h;
4. Mw;wPuhapDk; vJ? ey;yJ nra;jy; fhz; - gFjp> <h; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W
5. fzpr;rp- kOthAjk; 6. taJ Kjph;e;j tpFjp
rhd;Nwhh;fisg; gw;wpf; $WfpwJ. 12. GfyPh; - Gfy; + <h;
7. fad;Ks; - eiuKbf;F ctik Gfy; - gFjp <h;- Vty; tpidKw;W tpFjp
8. jpiufTs; - RUq;fpa fd;dk; 13. Xk;Gkpd; - Xk;G + kpd;
7.‘tUit ahfpa rpd;dhs; Xk;G - gFjp> kpd; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W
thoh shjy;ew; fwpe;jid nrd;Nk‛ tpFjp> j;> l;> w;> ,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiyfs;
1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; ew;wpiz fpW>fpd;W> M epd;W - epfo; fhy ,ilepiyfs;
2. Mrphpah; - ef;fz;izahh; g;> t;> f; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiyfs;
3. Njhop> jiytid Nehf;fpf; $wpaJ 14. mirj;j -mir +j; + j; + m
4. rpd;dhs; - rpyehs; 5. ‘ew;fwpe;jid nrd;Nk’ - mir - gFjp> j; - re;jp> j;- ,we;j fhy
ed;F mwpe;J nfhz;L nry;thahf ,ilepiy m - nganur;rtpFjp
8.‘vjph;e;j mt; tuf;fid ntd;why; Kof;fp - Kof;f +, Kof;F - gFjp> , -
Mq;F ehd;mtw;F vd; kfs; ..........‛ tpidnar;r tpFjp
1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; - Njk;ghtzp 15. cjtpa - cjT + ,(d;) + a + m
2. muf;fd;- Nfhypahj;J 3. ghlyhrphpah; - cjT - gFjp> ,d; - ,we;j fhy,ilepiy> ‘d;’
tPukhKdpth; 4. ehd; - rTy; kd;dd; nfl;lJ tpfhuk;> a; - clk;gL nka; re;jp>
5. ,];uNay; kf;fis vjph;j;jhd;/ mrdp - ,b m - nganur;r tpFjp
9.rPh;Kfj;J ,sty; - ,isNahd; jhtPjd;
16. Nehf;fpa - Nehf;F +,d; + a + m
17. Koq;fpa - Koq;F + ,(d + a; + m fz;Zilahh; - fz; + cilahh;> fz;z; +

18. RUq;fpa - RUq;F + ,(d;) + a; + m cilahh; - fz;Zilahh;
19. jpwe;J - jpw + j;(e;) + j; + c 1.nghUj;Jf (29-32) 4x1=4
jpw - gFjp> j;- re;jp ‘e;’ MdJ tpfhuk;> j; - 1 . ftpQh; Ch;
,we;j fhy ,ilepiy c- tpidnar;r tpFjp 1. fk;gh; - jpUtOe;J}h;
20. xopj;J - xop + j;(e;) + j;+ c 2. tuj eQ;irag;gps;is - Njhukq;fyk;
21. jpwe;j - jpw + j;(e; + j; + m 3. nt.,uhkypq;fdhh; - NkhfD}h;
jpw - gFjp> j; - re;jp. e; MdJ tpfhuk; j;-,we;j 2 . Mrphpah; E}y;
fhy ,ilepiy m - nganur;r tpFjp 1. fk;gh; - ,uhkhazk;
22. kze;j - kz + j;(e;) + j; + m 2. tujeQ;ira gps;is - jkpourp FwtQ;rp
23. ,oe;j - ,o + j;(e;) + j; + m 3. ,uhkypq;fdhh; - ehkf;fy; ftpQh; ghly;fs;
24. miwjy; - miw + jy; 3.nrhy; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G
1. mbtho;j;Jtk; - ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj;
miw- gFjp> jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp
njhif2. jpUe;J nkhop - tpidj; njhif
25. thoj;Jtk; - thoj;J + t + mk; 3. thopa thopa - mLf;Fj; njhlh;
tho;j;J - gFjp > t; - vjph; fhy ,ilepiy> mk; 4. tho;j;Jtk; - jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W
-jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp 4 . jpiz epyk;
26. Mw;wPh; - Mw;W + M + <h; 1. FwpQ;rp - kiyAk; kiyr; rhh;e;j ,lKk;
1.vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F ,yf;fzFwpg;G 3x2=6 2. Ky;iy - fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j ,lKk;
1.jpUe;Jnkhop -<h;tis 2.jpiufTs; - Kjph;kuk; 3. kUjk; - taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ,lKk;
3.cah;rpid- cah; kuk; 4. xOFePhn ; ghq;Fjhkiu 4. nea;jy; - flYk; fly; rhh;e;j ,lKk;
5.Gidfyk;- epiwkjp 6.miyfly; -mfy;Kfpy; 5. ghiy - RuKk; RuQ; rhh;e;j ,lKk;
7.glh; Kfpy;- tphpefh; 8. Rlh; xsp -cah; vz;zk; 5 . jpiz ghbNahh;
9.fspelk; nra;Fd;W 10. jho;gpwg;G-ciwNtq;flk; 1. FwpQ;rp - fgpyh;
1.vitNaDk; ,ud;lDf;F kl;Lk Gzh;r;rp tpjp1x4=4 2. Ky;iy - Ngadhh;
nrhy; gphpg;G ehd; + vd;W epiynkhop tUnkhop 3. kUjk; - Xuk; Nghfpahh;
Gzh;r;rp tpjp: ‘cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ 4. nea;jy; - mk;%tdhh;
,ay;Ng‛ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> epiynkhopapd; <w;W 5. ghiy - Xjyhe;ijahh;
nka;Ak; (d;) tUnkhopapd; KjYk; 6 . nrhy; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G
(v)( d;; +v-nd)vdg; Gzh;e;J> ‘ehndd;W’vd;whdJ. 1. Ks;spiy - ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik
cUGk;gaDk; cld;njhf;f njhif
1. khDio - khd; +cio (d;;+ c - D)
2. xOFePh; - tpidj;njhif
2. ahUkpy;iy - ahUk;+ ,y;iy (k;+ , -kp) 3. ed;khd; - gz;Gj; njhif
3. ahndtd; - ahd; + vtd; (d; + v - nd) 4. mQ;rpNyhjpia tu - md;nkhopj; njhif
4. mwdy;y - mwd; +my;y ( d; +m -d) 7 . nrhy; nghUs;
5. gfYiw - gfy; + ciw ( y;+ c-Y) 1. jpiz - kpfr;rpwpa msT
6. capUz;L - caph;+ cz;L ( h;+ c - U) 2. gid - xU NgusT
7. jkpopypyh - jkpopy; + ,yh ( y;+ , - yp) 3. rhy;G - epiw gz;G
8. jkpod;id - jkpo; + md;id (o;+ m- o) 4. Jg;G - gw;Wf;NfhLfs;
5. klthh; - mwptpypfs;
9. thdhSk; - thd;+MSk; ( d;+ M - d)
6. Xuhy; - ePf;Fjy;
10. gk;gukhfp - gk;guk; +Mfp ( k;+ M - kh) 7. nghd;Wk; - mopAk;
11. FUFKz;L - FUFk;+ cz;L ( k;+c - K) 8. tpUe;J - Gjpajha; te;jth;
12. ,thf; splk; - ,thf; s+; ,lk ; (sp) 9. nrWthh; - gifth;
13. vz;znky;yhk; -vz;zk;+ vy;yhk; (k; +v- nk) 10. xl;gk; - mwpTilik
14. ,UsWj;jpLk; -,Us;+mWj;jpLk; ( s; + m-s) 11. ca;g;gJ - nrYj;JtJ
KJkuk; - KJik +kuk; 12. Ngijik - mwpT ,d;ik
‘<WNghjy;’ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb > epiynkhopapd; 13 xy;fhik - jsuhik14. tpOkk; - Jd;gk;
,WjpapYs;s (ik) tpFjp nfl;L >KJ +kuk; ;15. jpz;zpah; - typah; 16 tPW - rpwg;G
8 . Gyth; ,aw;wpaE}y;
KJkuk; vd;whdJ.Ks;spiy – Ks;;+ ,iy
1. ,sq;Nfhtbfs; - rpyg;gjpfhuk;
Ks;s; + ,iy -Ks;spiy 2. jpUj;jf;f Njth; - rPtf rpe;jhkzp
jd;Daph; - jd; + caph; jd;d; + caph; -jd;Daph;
3. ehjFj;jdhh; - Fz;lyNfrp 14. ew;wpiziaj; njhFg;gpj;jtd; gd;dhL je;j
4. rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhu; - kzpNkfiy ghz;bad; khw tOjp.
9 . E}y; Mrphpah; 15. ew;wpizg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw 9
1. ,uhruhrNrhoDyh - xl;lf;$j;jh; mbKjy;12mbtiu.
2. jpUNtq;lj;je;jhjp - gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; 16. fgpyh; ghz;ba ehl;bYs;s jpUthjT+upy;
3. kJiuf;fyk;gfk; - FkuFUgh; gpwe;jhh;.
4. Kf;$lw;gs;S - Mrphpah; ngah; njhpatpy;iy 17. fgpyh; ghhp kd;ddpd; mitfsg; Gytuhf Page
5. Fapy;ghl;L - ghujpahh; tpsq;fpdhh;. | 11
6. mofpd; rphpg;G – ghujpjhrd; 7.JiwKfk;-Rujh 18. fgpyhpd; ghl;Lj; jpwDf;F fgpyuJ ghl;L
8. ghy;tPjp - mg;Jy; uFkhd; vd;Dk; njhlNu rhd;whFk;.
10 . ghly; ftpQh; 19. fgpyh; FwpQ;rpj; jpizg; ghly;fs; ghLtjpy;
1. Gj;jfrhiy - ghujpjhrd; ty;yth;.
2. jPf;Fr;rpfs; - mg;Jy; uFkhd; 20. fgpyiu ‘tha;nkhopf; fgpyh;’ vd;W
3. rpf;fdk; - Rujh 4. fhL - thzpjhrd; Nghw;wpath; ef;fPuh; Mthh;.
11 . nrhy; nghUs; 21. FWe;njhiff;Ff; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghbath;
1. Rtb - E}y; 2. nta;Nahd; - fjputd; ngUe;Njtdhh;.
3. nrl;L - rpf;fdk; 4. rpe;ij - cs;sk; 22. Iq;FW E}w;iwj; njhFj;jth; Gyj;Jiw
5. Njthuk; - Re;juu; Kw;wpa $lY}h; fpohh;.
6. rPwhg;Guhzk; - ckWg;Gyth; 23. Iq;FW E}w;iwj; njhFg;gpj;jth; Nrukd;dd;
7. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; - fpU\;zg;gps;is ahidf; fl;Nra; khe;juQ; NruypUk; nghiwMthh;.
12 . E}y; rkak; 24. Fwl;gh vd;gJ <ub ntz;gh.
1. kzpNkfiy - ngsj;jk; 2. ePyNfrp - rkzk; 25. mwj;Jg;ghypy; cs;s mjpfhuq;fs; 38.
3. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; - fpwpj;jtk; 26. jpUf;Fwspy; mike;Js;s ,ay;fs; 9 .
4. rPwhg;Guhzk; - ,Ryhk; 27.nghUl;ghypd; ,ay;fs;murpay;>mq;ftpay;>xopgpay;.
xU kjpg;ngz; njhFg;G(33to48) 28. jpUf;Fwspd; ngUikia czh;j;JtJ
1. fk;gh; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j Gyth;fSs; xUth; jpUts;Stkhiy.
xl;lf; $j;jh;. 29. nfhz;lhlg;ngWk; jpUts;Stuhz;bd; gb
2. ‘xd;Nw nad;dpd’; vd;Dk; flTs;tho;j;Jg; mth; tho;e;j fhyk; fp.K. 31
ghly; mike;Js;s fhz;lk; Aj;j fhz;lk;. 30. ‘ts;Stidg; ngw;wjhw; ngw;wNj Gfo;
3. jkpourpf; FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; itafNk’ vdg; ghbath; ghujpjhrd;
KUfd;. 31. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fs; %d;W .
4. Gwk;> Gwg;ghl;L vd toq;fg; ngWtJ 32. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; cl;gphpT fhij .
GwehD}W MFk;. 33. thp vd;gJ ,irg;ghly;.
5. GwehD}w;wpd; jpizfs; gjpndhd;W. 34.rpyg;gjpfhu ciuahrphpaUs; xUth;mUk;gjTiufhuh;.
6. GwehD}w;wpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Jiwfs; 65 35. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F toq;Fk; rpwg;Gg;
(mWgj;ije;J) ngah;fspy; xd;W ciuapilapl;l.
7. jkpohpd; tho;tpay; rpe;jidfisf; 36. jhk; ,aw;wpa ,uhk fhijf;Ff; fk;gh; ,l;l
fUt+ykhff; nfhz;L tpsq;Fk; E}y; GwehD}W. ngah; ,uhkhtjhuk;
8. rq;f E}y;fs; goe;jkpo; ,yf;fzk; Mfpa 37. fk;gehlfj;jpd; ahg;G tz;zq;fSf;Ff;
njhy;fhg;gpaj;Jf;F ,yf;fpaq;fsha;j; $wg;gLk; fzf;fPL njhz;Z}w;whW.
jpfo;fpd;wd. 38. fk;guhkhzaj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fs; 6 .
9. GwehD}w;Wg; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghliyg; ghujk; 39. cj;ju fhz;lj;ijg; ghbath; xl;lf; $j;jh; .
ghba ngUe;Njtdhh; ghbAs;shh;. 40. Re;jud; vd;Dk; ngauhy; ,uhkhazj;jpy;
10. GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; rpytw;iw ntsp toq;fg;gLgth; mDkd; .
ehl;lwpQh; [p.A. Nghg; mth;fs; Mq;fpyj;jpy; 41. rpwpa jpUtb vd;wiof;fg;gLgth; mDkd;.
nkhop ngah;j;Js;shh;. 42. jdia vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; kfs;.
11. vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fSs;xd;W ghpghly;. 43. ,uhkd; nfhLj;jjhf rPijaplk; mDkd;
12. mfehD}W kzpkpil gtsj;jpy; cs;s fhl;baJ fizahop.
ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if 180. 44. rPjhg;gpuhl;b jd;id kPl;Lr; nry;y tpjpj;j
13. mfehD}w;Wg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw13 fhyk; xU jpq;fs;.
mbKjy; 31 mbtiu 45.Re;jufhz;lk; ,uhkhazj;jpy;Ie;jhq; fhz;lk;
MFk; .46. tPukhKdpthpd; jha;ehL ,j;jhyp .

47. nfhd;];lhd; vd;DQ; nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghUs; 76. mwj;Jg;ghypd; ,ay;fs; ghaputpay;>

mQ;rhjtd; . ,y;ywtpay;> Jwtwtpay;> Copay;.
48. njhFj;j mfuhjp rJufuhjp. 77. fhkj;Jg;ghy; fstpay;> fw;gpay;> 25.
49. jpUf;Fwspd; mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy; 78. mfehD}w;Wf;F toq;Fk; NtW ngah;
Mfpatw;iw tPukhKdptu; nkhop ngah;j;Jj; neLe;njhif (ngUe;njhif).
je;jJ ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; 79. NjdpNy Cwpa nre;jkpopd; - Rit NjWk;
50.Njk;ghtzpE}ypd;ghl;Lilj;jiyth;#ir khKdpth; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghuhl;bath; ftpkzp Njrpf
51. ftpr;rf;uth;j;jp> ftp uhl;rfd; vd;nwy;yhk; tpehafk; gps;is.
Gfog;gLgth; xl;lf;$j;jh; 80. ef;fz;izahh; kze;J nfhs;s tpUk;gpa
52. ‘jpt;tpaftp’ vd;w ngauhy; miof;fg;gLgth; murh; Nghuitf; Nfhg;ngUq;fps;sp
gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh;. ,uz;lhk;jhs; ciueil
53.jkpopy;Kjypy;Njhd;wpafyk;gfk;ee;jpf; 1. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSs; vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F
fyk;gfk;. kl;Lk; tpilvoJf (1 to 10) 3x4=12
54. gjpndl;L cWg;Gfshy; ghlg;gLk; 1. cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhop
rpw;wpyf;fpak; fyk;gfk;. 1. ,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ ahJ? ,irj; jkpo;
55. ‘Gyd;’ vd;Dk; ,yf;fpatif gs;S. E}y;fs; ahit?
56. ‘gpuge;jk;’> vd;Dk; tlnrhy; czh;j;Jk; ,irj;jkpo; - tpsf;fk; :
nghUs; ed;F fl;lg;gl;lJ. ,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ gz;nzhL fye;Jk;
57. Kf;$lw;gs;S gh tif rpe;Jg;gh. jhsj;NjhL Nrh;e;Jk; mikAk; nra;AshFk;.
58. ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;ngah; fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk; . nre;jkpo;g; ghl;LfshYk; nfhLe;jkpo;g;
59.rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkpg; ghpR ngw;w E}y; ghl;LfshYk; mike;j ,yf;fpaq;fSk; mtw;wpd;
gprpuhe;ijahh;. ,yf;fzq;fSkhd E}y;fspd; njhFjpahFk;
60. ghujpjhrd; ntspapl;l ,jo; Fapy;. ,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd :
61. ‘tho;tpdpw; nrk;ikiar; nra;git ePNa’ vd;w 1. fPh;j;jidfs; 2. Mde;jf; fspg;G 3. thpg;
tho;j;ijj; jk; tho;j;jhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;s ghly;fs; 4 Fk;kp5 rpe;J 6 njk;khq;F
muR GJit muR. Kjypad ,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd MFk; ;.
62. tlnkhopapy; ghujk; ghbath; tpahrh;. ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fs; - Kw;fhyk; :
63. ghQ;rhyp rgjj;jpYs;s rUf;fq;fspd; 1. ngUehiu2. ngUq;FUF 3. ,ir EZf;fk;
vz;zpf;if 5 (Ie;J). 4. jhstifNahj;J vd;gd Kw;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j
64. ‘ekf;F njhopy; ftpij> ehl;bw;F cioj;jy;’ ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fshFk; ,ilf;fhy ,irj;
vd;W ghbath; ghujpahh;. jkpo; E}y;fs; :Njthuk; Kjypad
65. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,yf;fpa kWkyh;r;rpf;F ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; toq;fpa ,irj;jkpo;
tpj;jpl;lth; ghujpahh;. E}y;fshFk;.
66. nre;jkpioj; nrOe;jkpohff; fhz jw;fhy ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fs; :
tpUk;gpath; ghujpjhrd;. 1.fe;j Guhzf; fPh;j;jid2. nghpa Guhzf;
67. gpnuQ;Rf; FbauRj; jiythplk; nrthypa fPh;j;jid3. rq;fPj re;jphpif Kjypad
tpUJ ngw;wth; thzpjhrd;. jw;fhyj;jpy; toq;fp tUk; ,irj;jkpo;
68. ftpQNuW> ghtyh; kzp Kjypa gl;lq;fisg; E}y;fshFk;. ,irj;jkpopd; rpwg;G : ,irj; jkpo;
ngw;wth; thzpjhrd;. ,y;yhky; ehlfj; jkpo; rpwg;gilahJ. Milaw;w
69. Rujh E}y;fSs; jkpo; tsh;r;rpj; Jiwapd; eq;if ntspg;glhJ cs;slq;fpNa ,Uf;Fk;.
ghprpidg; ngw;w E}y; Njd; kio. ,irj; jkpopd; ,yf;fzk; : ,irAk; jhsKk;
70. jkpo;g; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd; jkpo; md;id Nrh;e;j nra;Al;fNs ,irj; jkpo; vdg;gLk;.
tpUJ ngw;wth; mg;Jy; uFkhd;. ,tw;Ws; xd;W ,y;iy vd;whYk; mJ
71.ctikf; ftpQh;’ vdg; ghuhl;lg; ngw;wth;Rujh. ,aw;wkpopy; jhd; mlq;Fk;.)
72. ‘fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gh;’ vd;W miof;fg;gl;lth; 2. ehlfj; jkpo; Fwpj;J Mrphpah; $Wtd ahit?
vr;.V. fpU\;zg;gps;is. ehlfj;jkpo;
73. ‘rpd;dr; rPwh’ vd;w E}iy vOjpath; gD ifapy; Gj;jfj;ij vLj;Jg; gbf;f Neukpy;yhj
mfkJ kiuf;fhah;. gzpahsh;fSf;Fk; gbf;fj; njhpajth;fSf;Fk;
74. Re;juh; Njthuk; Vohk; jpUKiw. ey;ywpT Gfl;Lk; Nehf;fj;Jld; vOe;jNj ehlfj;
75. jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpw;F ciu toq;fpath; jkpohFk;. mJ Nfl;Nghh;f;Fk; fhz;Nghh;f;Fk;
nghpathr;rhd; gps;is. ,d;gk; jUtjhy; kf;fs; mijf; fhz tpUk;gpr;
nry;fpd;wdh;.
ehlfj; jkpopd; rpwg;G :
,aw;wkpo;> ,irj;jkpo; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; jpUe;jpa gz;G :- ,lh;gg ; l;l nrhy; KbTfSk;
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gpwe;jNj ehlfj; jkpo;. nghUs; KbTfSk; ,y;yhky; 1. nrhy;gth;
,aYk; ,irAk; Nfs;tp ,d;gk; kl;LNk jUtd. nrhy;yf; fUjpaijf; Nfl;gth; njspthf
ehlfj;jkpNoh Nfs;tp ,d;gj;Jld; fhl;rp czuf; $bajhf nkhop ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,d;gKk; jUfpwJ. NkYk;> mJ cs;sij .2. gioad fope;J> Gjpad GFe;J> jpUj;jk;
cs;sthNw fhl;LfpwJ. ,jdhy;jhd; cilajhf nkhop ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
gpwehl;ltUk; gpwnkhopg; Gyth;fSk; ehlfj;ij ,itjhk; jpUe;jpa gz;G vd;gjd; ,yf;fzk;. Page
Nkd;ik ciladthf kjpf;fpd;wdh;.) jkpo; nkhopf;F ,g;gz;G nghUe;Jtjhy; jkpo; | 13
KbTiu : nkhop jpUe;jpa gz;Gila nkhopahFk;.
,t;thW ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kj;jkpo; rPh;j;j ehfhpfk; :
tifik Fwpj;J Kj;J Kj;jhd fUj;Jfisg; 1. ehl;bd; tsh;r;rpf;F Vw;g nrhw;fs; Gjpjhfj;
ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; njhptpj;Js;shh;. Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;. 2. mt;thW Njhd;Wk; nrhw;fs;
3. jkpo; - jdpnkhop> cah;nkhop tpsf;Ff. jkpo; gpwnkhop fythky; jd; nrhw;fshf ,Uf;f
cah; jdpr; nrk;nkhop Ntz;Lk;.jkpo; nkhopf;F ,J Kw;wpYk;
Kd;Diu : tlnkhop> ,yj;jPd;> fphPf; Kjypa nghUe;Jtjhy; jkpo; nkhopahd rpwe;j ehfhpfk;
nkhopfisg; Nghd;W jkpo; nkhopAk; cah;jdpr; cila nkhopahFk;.jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rpwe;j
nrk;nkhopNa vd;gij,e;jf; fl;Liuapy;fhz;Nghk;. ehfhpfKk; cilajhy; jkpo; nkhop nrk;nkhopNa
. cah;nkhop - tpsf;fk; : MFk;.) 7
jhd; toq;Fk; ehl;by; cs;s nkhopfs; KbTiu : ,t;thW ve;j tifapy; Muha;e;J
vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl cah;thd>Nkd;ik cila ghh;j;jhYk; jkpo; nkhopahdJ „cah;jdpr;
nkhopNa cah;nkhop MFk;. nrk;nkhopNa … vd;gJ epr;rakhFk;.
jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjk; : 5. cyfpy; rkurk; guthikf;Ff; fhuzq;fshfj;
jkpo; nkhopahdJ njYq;F> fd;dlk;> jpU.tp.f. $Wtd ahit?
kiyahsk;> JS Kjypa nkhopfis tpl rkurj;ijg; gw;wp vOe;j Ngr;RfSk; vOj;JfSk;
cah;thdJ. Goikahd ,yf;fz kiynadTk; flnydTk; cs;sd. cyfpy;
,yf;fpaq;fshy; Nkd;ik cilaJ. vdNt> jkpo; Njhd;wpa mwpQh; gyUk; rkurj;ijNa mwpTWj;jp
nkhop cah;nkhopNaMFk;. nrd;wdh;. Mdhy;> cyfk; mjw;Fr; nrtp
jdpnkhop - tpsf;fk; : rha;f;ftpy;iy. kdpjdplj;jpy; Fbnfhz;Ls;s
jdpj;J ,aq;Fk; Mw;wy; cila nkhopNa mOf;fhW (nghwhik)> mth (Mir)> ntFsp
jdpnkhop MFk;.jhd; gpw nkhopfSf;Fr; nra;Ak; (Nfhgk;) Kjypad kdpjidr; rkur Qhdp
cjtp kpFe;Jk; gpw nkhopfsplk; ,Ue;J jhd; Mf;Ftjpy;iy. rkurj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRtJk;
ngWk; cjtp Fiwe;Jk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ vOJtJk; vspJ. Mdhy;> mij eilKiwf;Ff;
tof;fkhFk;. nfhz;LtUtNjh mhpJ. kdpjd; mOf;fhW
jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjk; : Kjypa Nga;fshy; njhlug;gl;L ,lh;gg ; Lk; tiu
,e;j mbg;gilapy; ghh;j;jhy; jkpo; nkhopapd; mtd; rkur Qhdpahjy; mhpjpYk; mhpJ. vdNt>
cjtp ,y;yhky; njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> kdpjd; rkurj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRtijf; fhl;bYk;
JS Nghd;w nkhopfs; ,aq;fh. Mdhy; jkpo; mij eilKiwapy; nfhz;Ltu Kay;tNj
nkhopahdJ gpw nkhopfspd; cjtp ,y;yhky; mwpTilikahFk
jdpj;J ,dpNj ,aq;ff; $baJ. ,e;jpa nkhop 6. ehL vd;Dk; gw;why; rkurj;ij ,og;gJ gw;wpj;
E}w; Gyth;fSk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l cz;ik ,J. jpU.tp.f. ciug;gd ahit?
MfNt> jkpo; nkhop jdp nkhopNa MFk;.) gpwehl;il tUj;Jjy; :
xUtd; jhd; gpwe;j ehl;ilj; jha;Nghy;
4.nrk;nkhopapd; ,yf;fzk; ahJ? mt;tpyf;fzk; Nerpf;fyhk;. Mdhy;> me;j Nerj;ij itj;J>
jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;Jtij epWTf. nrk;nkhop -
vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; kw;w ehLfisj;
tpsf;fk; :
Jd;GWj;jf; $lhJ. fly;fSk; kiyfSk;
„jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rPh;j;j (rpwe;j) ehfhpfKk;
fhLfSk; gpwTk; ehLfisg; gphpf;fpd;wd.
nghUe;jpa J}a;nkhop Gfy; nrk;nkhop…ahk; vd;gJ ,g;gphpitf; nfhz;L> xU ehl;lhh; ,d;ndhU
,yf;fzk;. jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rpwe;j ehfhpfKk; ehl;lhiu tUj;Jjy; $lhJ.
cila nkhopNa nrk;nkhop vd;gJ E}yhh; Nky; ehl;lhh; jhk; gpwe;j ehl;bd; nghUl;Lg;
tFj;j ,yf;fzk; MFk;. gpwehLfisg; gw;Wtjpy; jpwik tha;e;jth;
gpwehl;ltiu tUj;Jtjw;Nf Mfha

tpkhdq;fisAk;ehP ;%o;fpf; fg;gy;fisAk; er;Rf; ehl;bw;F MfhJ. ,JNt> ekJ ehl;by; ePz;l
fhw;iwAk; gpwtw;iwAk; fz;lwpe;jdh;‛. fhykhf epfo;e;J tUk; ngUq;nfhiy vd;W
kw;wtiuAk; kjpf;f Ntz;Lk; :jq;fs; ehl;ilNa jpU.tp.f. tUe;jp ciug;gjhFk;
flTsha;f; fUJk; ,th;fSf;F gpw ehl;lthplKk; 9. ftpij vd;gJ ahJ? Nfhyhpl;[; :
flTs; ,Uj;jy; Gydhtjpy;iy.kw;wth;f;Fk; grp ‘nrhw;fisr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; itg;gJ trdk;.
Kjypad cz;L vd;gij mth;fs; rpe;jpj;Jg; rpwe;j nrhw;fisr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; itg;gJ
ghh;g;gjpy;iy.vy;yh ehl;ltUk; ek; rNfhjuh;fNs ftpij.‛ ,t;thW Nfhyhpl;[; vd;gth; ftpij
vd;gij czuhj gyh; „ehL… vd;Dk; gw;why; vd;gjw;F tpsf;fk; mspj;jhh;.
rkurj;ij ,of;fpd;wdh;. Nthh;l]; ;nthh;j; : ftpij vd;gJ ahJ? vd;w
7 rhjpf; nfhLik> rka ntwp Kjypad rkur tpdhtpw;F Nthh;l] ; ;nthh;j; mspj;j tpsf;fk;
czh;itf; Fiyg;gdthk; - ,f;fUj;ijj; cyfg; Gfo; ngw;wJ. ‘Mw;wy; epuk;gpa nrhw;fs;
jpU.tp.f. top epd;W Ma;f. rhjpf; nfhLik jhkhfg; nghq;fp tUtJjhd; ftpij‛ vd;gNj
:gpwg;gpy; cah;T jho;T fUJjy; jtW gpwg;gpy; mth; fUj;J. Mw;wy; epuk;gpa nrhw;fs; vg;NghJ
cah;T jho;T fUJk; ngUq;Fw;wk;ekJ ehl;Lf;Nf ntspg;gLfpd;wd? Nfhgj;jpy; jhd;
rpwg;ghf cz;L.‛gpwg;ghy; cah;T jho;T fUJk; ntspg;gLfpd;wd. mg;gbahdhy; Nfhgj;jpy;
cs;sj;jpy; xUNghJk; rkurr; rhay; gluhJ. ntspg;gLk; Mw;wy; epuk;gpa nrhw;fs; ftpij
vy;yhf; nfhLikfspYk; jiyahaJ MFkh? ,jid tpsf;f> „Kd;G vOe;j Xh;
rhjpf; nfhLik. rhjpf; nfhLikfisf; fisa> czh;r;rpg; ngUf;if kPz;Lk; rhe;j
rhd;Nwhh; ngUKaw;rp nra;jdh;. Mdhy;> epiyapypUe;J epidtpw;Ff; nfhz;L tUk;
mk;Kaw;rpfs; ahTk; tpoYf;F ,iwj;j NghJjhd; ftpij Njhd;WfpwJ‛ vd;whh; mth;.
ePh;Nghd;W tPzhapd. rkantwp : xUtdpd; 10. ftpijapd; ,ay;Gfs; ahit?fPl;]; :
rkantwp> flTs; md;igf; nfLf;Fk; mtd; 1. ‘fhy;tha; ,y;yhj ,lj;jpy; nga;Ak; xsp
rkantwpahy; jd; rkaj;jpd; kPJ gw;Wf; kioNa ftpij 2. ‘Mw;wypd; rpfuk;‛
nfhz;LVida rkaj;jhiu epe;jpf;fpwhd;. 3. ‘Mw;wy; jdJ tyg;Gaj;jpy; jiy rha;j;J
(gopf;fpwhd;) ,e;j epiy kpFe;j mwpahikNa ghjp cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyNa ftpij‛
MFk;. ‘rkak; vd;gJ xd;Nw mJNt rkurk;
,it ftpQh; fPl;]; vd;gth; ftpijapd;
vd;gjhFk;.‛ gy rka czh;Tk; jd; rkag;gw;Wk; ,ay;Gfshff; $wpadthFk;.
rkurj;ij mopj;J tpLfpd;wd. Mjyhy;> [hd;u];fpd; : [hd;u];fpd; vd;gth; ‘rPupa
rkantwp $lhJ vd;fpwhh; jpU.tp.f. czh;r;rpf;Fhpa fhuzq;fisg; ghtdh rf;jpahy;
8. ekJ ehl;by; ePz;l fhykhf epfo;e;J tUk; Fwpg;gLtNj ftpij‛ vd;W ftpijapd;
ngUq;nfhiy :
,ay;igf; $wpdhh;. Mq;fpyg; Ngufuhjp : nra;As;
ekJ ehl;by; ePz;lfhykhf xU ngUq;nfhiy
tbtpy; ,aw;wg;gLtNj ftpij vd;W ftpijapd;
epfo;e;J tUfpwJ. mf;nfhiy cyfpw;Fj;
,ay;G Fwpj;J Mq;fpyg; Ngufuhjp $WfpwJ.
njhptjpy;iy. mjhtJ nghpNahh; mwpTWj;jpa
gtze;jp Kdpth; :
nfhs;iffisf; Fop Njhz;bg; Gijj;J tpl;L>
‘gy;tif cWg;Gfisf; nfhz; cly;
mth;fs; cUtj;ij kl;Lk; topghL nra;tJ>
,e;jg; ngha;nahOf;fk; ePz;l fhyk; tof;fpy; capUf;F Mjhukhf ,Ug;gJ Nghy
,Ue;J tUfpwJ.rhj;jpuk; gy NgRk; rof;fh;fhs; gy;tifr; nrhw;fshy; nghUSf;F ,ldhf
Nfhj;jpuKk; FyKk; nfhz;L vd; nra;tPh;?‛ nra;As; ,aw;w ty;Nyhh; moFwr; nra;tNj
(ftpij) nra;As;‛ vd;W gtze;jp Kdpth;
vd;Wk; ‘rhjp> Fyk;> gpwg;G vd;Dk; Ropg;gl;Lj;
ftpijf;F ,yf;fzk; tFj;Js;shh;
jLkhWk;‛ vd;Wk; $wpr; nrd;w nghpNahh;fis
topgLNthh; rhjp NtWghL ghh;g;gJ Ntjid. 11.ftpijf;Fhpa ey;ypay;Gfshff; fk;gh;
rhjpiaf; flTshfTk; rkakhfTk; fUJk; $Wtd.
,th;fs; rkurj;ij typAWj;jpr; nrd;w ‘GtpapDf; fzpaha; Md;w nghUs;je;J Gyj;jpw;
nghpNahu;fis topgLtjw;Fg; nghUSz;lh? whfpmtpafj; Jiwfs; jhq;fp Ie;jpiz newpa
ntWk; cUtj;ij shtpr;rtpAwj; njspe;J jz;nzd; nwhOf;fKk;
kl;Lk; topgLtJ topghlhFkh? nghpNahh; jOtpr; rhd;Nwhh;ftpnadf; fple;j Nfhjh
mwpTWj;jpa newp epd;W tho;tJjhNd thpapid tPuh; fz;lhh;‛1. epyj;jpw;F mofhf
cz;ikahd topghL? ek;ehl;lth; Kd;Ndhh; mika Ntz;Lk;.2. mwpT ,Jjhd; vdr; Rl;l
mwpTWj;jpa nfhs;ifiaf; fy;yiwapl;Lg; Ntz;Lk;.3. mfj;Jiwfisg; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Gijj;J tpl;L> mth;fspd; cUtq;fis kl;Lk; 4. rpwe;j nghUisj; ju Ntz;Lk;.
topgLtjpy; Ngh; ngw;wth; Mth;. ,j;jifa 5. Ie;J jpizfspd; top elj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
ngha;nahOf;fKk; tQ;ridAk; tsh;e;J tUk; 6. ftpij moFld; mika Ntz;Lk;.
7. ftpij vd;gJ njspthf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. tho;e;j goe;jkpoh; me;je;j ,lq;fSf;Fj; jFe;j
8. ftpij Xh; xOq;Fld; mika njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;
Ntz;Lk;.,t;thW> fk;gh; ftpijf;Fhpa 14. goe;jkpo; khe;jh; ngUKaw;rpiaNa kjpj;J
ey;ypay;Gfisf;Nfhjhthp Mw;iwr; rpwg;gpf;Fk; tho;e;jdh; - tpsf;Ff.
tifapy;ciuf;fpwhh;. Nt&d;wpa nfhs;if xt;nthUtUk; VNjDk; xU
12 nra;As; eiliaf; ifahSjy; gw;wp njhopy; nra;Nj nghUs; NjLtJ vd;Dk;
itahGhpg; gps;is njhptpg;gd ahit? nfhs;if goe;jkpohpilNa Nt&d;wpapUe;jJ. Page
nra;As; eil : nra;ASk; ahg;Gk; clYk; ,uj;jiy ,opthff; fUjpdh;. ,uthjpUf;Fk; | 15
capUk; Nghy mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. fUj;Jf;Fg; epiyiag; ‘gpwd;fil nryhmr; nry;tk;‛ vd;W
nghUj;jkw;w ahg;Gfis,aw;WtJ kl;Lk; ,d;gk; $wp kfpo;e;jdh;. Mf;fSf;F ePh; Ntz;b ,ug;gJk;
juhJ. ,d;d fUj;Jf;F ,d;d nra;As;jhd; ,opthff; fUjg;gl;lJ. jd; Kaw;rpahy; tUk;
nghUe;Jk; vd;gijr; rpwe;jftpQh;fsplkpUe;Nj nghUisNa xUtd; nryT nra;tjw;F chpatd;
njhpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;. vd;Dk; Nkd;ikahd nfhs;ifia mth;fs;
rhd;W : jpUkzj;ij tUzpf;Fk; filg;gpbj;J tho;e;jdh;.
mbfspy;kpLf;Fk; moFk; ,d;g czh;r;rpAk; vspa Kaw;rp
juf;$ba nra;As; tifiaf;ifahs Ntz;Lk;. taypy; jd; tisapd; mUfpNyNa tpise;J
tPur; Ritiaf; $Wk; ,lq;fspy; mjw;Nfw;w tpOe;J fplf;Fk; new;gapiu vyp fwpj;Jj; jd;
nra;As; eiliaf; ifahs Ntz;Lk;.fk;gd; ftp tisf;Fs; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. mJ Nghd;w
: fk;gidg; Nghd;w ngUq;ftpQh;fis mbf;fb vspa Kaw;rp cila kf;fis Kd;Ndhh; nghpJk;
fw;W> ey;y gapw;rp ngWtJ ftpijapd; rPhpa mUtUj;jdh;.
,ay;Gfis ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fg; ngUKaw;rp
ngUe;Jiz GhpAk; Gyp jhd; nry;Yk; Ntfj;jpdhy; jdJ
13. goe;jkpoh; Nkw;nfhz;l njhopy;fisg; gw;wp ,lg;gf;fj;jpy; tPo;eJ
; fplf;Fk; gd;wpiar; rpwpJk;
vOJf. fz;nzLj;Jg; ghuhJ. kWehs; nghpa ahidNahL
goe;jkpoh; Nkw;nfhz;l njhopy;fs; Nghhpl;L> mjid tyg;gf;fj;jpy; tPo;j;jp>
,y;tho;f;ifapy; tho;thh;f;Fg; nghUs; NjLtJ mjidNa czthff; nfhs;Sk;. ,j;jifa
xU flik. mjw;fhfg; goe;jkpoh; gw;gy Gypiag; Nghd;w ngUKaw;rp cila kf;fisNa
njhopy;fis goe;jkpoh; nghpJk; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wpdh;.
nkw;nfhz;ldh;. coT> thzpfk;> goe;jkpohpd; nfhs;if
nerTKjypait mtw;Ws; rpythFk;. jkJ nrayhy; tUtNj MapDk; vspa
FwpQ;rp epy kf;fs; Kaw;rpahy; tUtij Kd;Ndhh; Nkd;ikahf
kiyAk; kiy rhh;e;j gFjpAk; FwpQ;rp kjpj;jpyh;. jhk; nghpJk; Kad;W Njba
epykhFk;. me;jg; gFjpfspy; tho;e;j kf;fs; Njd; nghUisNa jkf;F chpajhff; fUJk;
vLg;gJ> jpid tpijg;gJ> fpoq;F mfo;tJ nfhs;ifAld; tho;e;jdh;.
Nghd;w njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;. 15. gz;ilj; jkpoh; edpehfhpfuhf tpsq;fpaik
Ky;iy epy kf;fs; Fwpj;Jk; caph;f;Fzq;fisg; Nghw;wp tho;e;jik
fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j gFjpAk; Ky;iy epykhFk;. Fwpj;Jk; vOJf.
me;jg; gFjpfspy; tho;e;j kf;fs; epiu Nka;g;gJ> 1. ehfhpfg; ghd;ik
ghy; filtJ> tuF tpistpg;gJ Nghd;w ‘Ke;ij ,Ue;J el;Nlhh; nfhLg;gpd; eQ;Rk;
njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;. cz;gh; edpeh fhpfh;‛ - ew;wpiz jk;NkhL
kUj epy kf;fs; gofpath;fs; jkf;F eQ;R nfhLg;gpDk;
taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ,lKk; kUj epykhFk;. jk;kth;fs; vd;Dk; vz;zj;jhy; mjid
me;jg; gFjpfspy; tho;e;j kf;fs; coT nra;tJ> cz;ldh;. mth;fNshLnjhlh;e;J gofpdh; vd;fpwJ
efh; mikg;gJ>Ml;rp GhptJ Nghd;w njhopy;fis ew;wpiz.cah;e;j cs;sk; ,e;j Nkd;ikia
Nkw;nfhz;ldh mwpe;J ek; cs;sk; cUFfpwJ. ,j;jifa
nea;jy; epy kf;fs; kdg;ghd;ikiaj;jhd; ek; Kd;Ndhh; ey;y
flYk; fly; rhh;e;j gFjpAk; nea;jy; epykhFk;. ehfhpfk;vd;W fUjpdh; vd;why; mth;fs;
me;jg; gFjpfspy; tho;e;j kf;fs; Kj;Jf; cs;sk;jhd; vt;tsT cah;e;jJ jk;ikg; Nghd;w
Fspj;jy;> cg;G tpistpj;jy;> kuf;fyj;jpy; Vwp kf;fsplj;jpy; caph;Neak; ,y;yhjtiu „ehfhpfh;…
miyflypy; nrd;W thzpfk; nra;jy; Nghd;w vd;W nrhy;tjw;F topapy;iyad;Nwh Mdhy;
njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;. ,t;thW> mq;fq;F

goe;jkpoNuh edpehfhpfuha;j;jpfo;e;Js;sdh; fhuzk; vd;gij czh;e;jjhy; jkpoh; mjidAk;

16. nrg;Gj;jpUNkdpfspd; nghw;fhyk; vJ? Vd;? tho;j;jpAs;sdh;.
nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfspd; nghw;fhyk; vdr; Nrhoh; 19 .M.nja;tj; jd;ik cilaJ :epiu fth;jy;
fhyj;ijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. vz;zpf;ifapYk; mjpf M. m/wpiz caph;jhd;. MapDk; cah;jpiz
mstpy; Nrhoh;fhyj;jpy;jhd;nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. capuhfpa kdpjid tplTk; J}a;ik cilajhf
nrk;gpad; khNjtp Nghd;w Nrhog; Nguurpfs;> nja;tj;jd;ik cilajhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. xU
nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs;nra;jspg;gijj; jhk; ehl;bYs;s Mepiu fs;tuhNyh giftuhNyh
,k;kz;Zyfpy; gpwe;jjd; flik vd;W vz;zpr; ftug;gl;lhy; mJ J}a;ikf; NflhfTk;
nra;jspj;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs; NghYk;. Nrhoh; Nghpog;ghfTk; fUjg;gl;lJ. mJNt
fhyj;jpa nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; fiy moFk; fLk;NghUf;Ff; fhuzkhdJ. ey;yhl;rp elj;Jk;
flTs; jd;ikAk; nghUe;jpait. kd;dd; $l Ntw;W ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w
caph;ngw;nwOe;J tpl;ldNth vdvz;Zk; tpUk;gpdhy; me;ehl;L Mepiuiaj; jd; tPuh;fs;
mstpw;F cah;e;j gilg;Gfs;> rptd; %yk; fth;e;J tur; nra;J ghJfhj;jhd;.
%h;j;jq;fSk;> jpUkhy; %h;j;jq;fSk; mit ngUq;Fw;wk; Md;kb mWj;jy; khngUq;
vt;thW nra;ag;glNtz;Lnkd;W Mfk Fw;wkhkff; fUjg;gl;lJ. Mf;nfhiyNah mij
E}y;fspy;Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdNth mjd;gb tplg; ngUq;Fw;wk; vd;W fUjg;gl;lJ.
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. xt;nthU topghL Mtpw;Ff; Nfhay; fl;b topgl;l tuyhW
jpUNkdpapYk;mf;fhyr; rpw;gpapd; ifj;jpwd; gFj;jwpT ,y;yhj fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;jJ. Mtpw;Ff;
gspr;rpLtijf; fhz KbfpwJ. Nfh vd;Dk; ngaUk; cz;L. Nfhkhjhitj;
17. jkpo; kd;dh; tsh;j;j Xtpaf; fiyfis jq;fs; Fykhjhthf vz;zp topgl;ldh;. ,tw;wpd;
vq;nfq;Ff; fhzyhk;? %yk; M nja;tj;jd;ik cilaJ vd;gij
fhzg;gLk; ,lq;fs; jkpo; kd;dh; tsh;j;j czuyhk;.
Xtpaq;fis mth;fs; fl;ba Nfhapy;fspd; 20 . Nfhtd; ,ilad;
Eiothapypd; ,U gf;fq;fspYk; fUg;gf;fpufr; Ky;iy epyj;J ,ilaUf;F M vd;Dk;
Rth;fspYk; gpufhuq;fspYk; tpjhdj;jpYk; ngahpypUe;J Mah; vd;Dk; ngah; Vw;gl;lJ.
fhzyhk;. ,t;thW jPl;lg;gl;l Xtpaq;fs; mJNghyNt Mtpw;Ff; „Nfh… vd;Dk; ngaUk;
khz;^h;f; Fiffspd; ntspkz;lyj;jpYk; cz;L. Nfh + md; = Nfhtd; Mtpw;Fhpa „Nfh…
fhQ;rpGuk; ifyhrehjh; Nfhapy;> gdkiyf; vd;Dk; ngaNuhL „md;… vd;Dk; Mz;ghy; tpFjp
Nfhapy;> jQ;irg; ngUTilahh; Nfhapy; Kjypa Nrh;e;J „Nfhtd;… vd;Dk; ngauhdJ.
gy ,lq;fspYk; fhzg;ngWfpd;wd. Nfhtd; vd;gJ> ,ilaidf; Fwpf;Fk;. FWfp
gdkiy Xtpak; Nfhd; vd;whdJ. mjDld; Mz;ghy; tpFjpahfpa
gdkiyapy; cs;s kz;lgj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;
„Md;…Nrh;e;J Nfhd+ Md; Nfhdhd; (,ilad;)
vopyhd Mly; kfspd; Xtpak; kpfr; rpwg;G
tha;e;jJ. ,e;j Xtpaj;jpy;mike;j tz;zr; vd;w nrhy; te;jJ. Nfh - murd;
nrwpTk; czh;r;rpg; nghypTk; fhz;Nghh; Nfhtd; vd;gjd; filrp vOj;Jfs; nfl;L Nrh
cs;sj;ijf; fth;td. ,t;thW jkpof kd;dh;fs; vd epd;W muridf; Fwpj;jJ. Fbkf;fs;
Xtpaf; fiyiaf; ftpd;kpF Kiwapy; Mf;fisg; Nghd;wth; murd; Maidg;
tsh;e;jjhy; Xtpaf; fiy ,d;Wk; cah;e;j Nghd;wtd;. vdNt> murd; Nfhtd; vdg;gl;lhd;.
epiyapy; cs;sJ. „NfhtDk; kf;fSk;… vd;W rPtfrpe;jhkzpapy;
18 . mWKiw tho;j;J - tpsf;Ff. tUk; njhlhpy; Nfhtd; vd;gJ muridf;
tho;j;J Fwpf;fpwJ. Nka;g;gh;
tho;j;Jtjd; gad; tsKld; tho;tjw;Nf ‚ murd; ifapy; cs;s nrq;Nfhy; murd; Mad;
kf;fs; tho;NthL njhlh;Gila nghUs;fis Nghd;wtd; vd;Dk; fUj;ij typAWj;JfpwJ.
tho;j;JtJ njhd;W jhl;L tUk; kughFk;. ,jdhy; jhd; fpwpj;jthpd; rka Mrphpah; (,NaR
mt;thW tho;j;jg;gLk; MW nghUs;fspy; MTk; fpwj;J) „Nka;g;gh;… vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhh;.
xd;W. Nfhtd; - rptd; flTs; midj;J cyfpw;Fk;
murh;> Mad; Mepiuiaf; fhg;gJ Nfhy
mWKiw tho;j;J ,iwtd; kf;fisf; fhg;ghw;wp
„mWKiw tho;j;J… vd;Dk; njhy;fhg;gpag;
tUtjhy;,iwtDk; Nfhtd; vdg;gl;lhd;.
gFjpAiuapy; „KdptUk; ghh;g;ghUk; MdpiuAk; mfehD}W - epj;jpyf; NfhitAs; Nfhtd; vd;w
kioAk; KbAil Nte;jUk; cyFk;… vd;Dk; nrhy; rptidf; Fwpf;fpwJ. ,t;thW M vd;Dk;
mWtiu tho;j;jy; vd;W er;rpdhh;f;fpdpah; nrhy;Ny muridAk; nja;tj;ijAk; Fwpf;Fk;
$wpAs;shh;. kf;fs; ey;tho;tpw;F MTk; xU „Nfh… MdJ vd;W ghthzh; njhptpf;fpwhh;?
21.kf;fs; ehfhpfj;NjhL khl;bw;F cs;s njhlh;G te;jhs; mtSf;Fg; Gy;ypL… vd;Wk;> „vd; mg;gd;
:vy;yh ehl;bYk; ve;epiy ehfhpfj;jpYk; MthdJ te;jhd; mtDf;Fj; jz;zPh; fhl;L… vd;Wk;
mUikahfg; Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ. MapDk; md;Giufisf; $wpdh;. ,it jpiz tOTf;Fr;
jkpo;ehl;by; mJjiyrpwe;jjhfg; rhd;whf ,yf;fzj;jpy; $wg;gl;ld.
Nghw;wg;gl;lJ.kf;fs; ehfhpfk; tpuTg; ngah;fs;
kf;fs; ehfhpfk; FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> efuk; rhj;jd; rhj;jp> nfhw;wd; nfhw;wp> Kltd; Klj;jp>
vd ehd;F epiyfis cilaJ. mtw;Ws; Page
nfhLk;Gw kUjd;> nfhLk;Gw kUjp Kjypa
FwpQ;rp epyj;Jld;jhd;jkpoh;f;F Kjypy; MTld; kf;fs; ngah;fisNa MTf;Fk; MNtw;Wf;Fk; | 17
(gRTld;) njhlh;G ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; ,l;L toq;fpdh;. mit ,aw;ngah;> rpidg;ngah;>
Kjd; Kjypy ; MthdJ FwpQ;rp rpid Kjw;ngah; vd %tif tpuTg; ngauhfj;
epyj;jpw;Nf chpa tpyq;fhFk;.Mah;FwpQ;rpia (nghJg; ngauhfj; ) njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy;$wg;gl;ld.
mLj;j Ky;iy epyj;jpypUe;j Mah; Ml;ilAk; rhd;Wfs;
khl;ilAk; ngUksT tsh;j;J mtw;wpd; „rhj;jd; te;jJ…> „Kltd; te;jJ… rhj;jd; Gy;
CidAk; ghiyAk;cz;L tho;e;jdh;. mth;fs; jpd;Dk;> „rhj;jp fd;wPDk;… Kjypad
Ml;il tpl MitNa (khl;ilNa) rpwg;ghf nrhy;yjpfhuj;jpd; ciuapy; cs;s rhd;WfshFk;.
tsh;j;jdh;. Mit Nka;g;gth; Mah;vdg;gl;ldh;. MfNt> tpuTg; ngauhf ,yf;fzj;jpy;
M vd;Dk; ngah; jw;fhyj;jpy; ngz;ghiyNa nrhy;yg;gLtd khLfspd; ngUk; gaidf;
Fwpf;fpwJ. Kw;fhyj;jpy; ,Ughy;fSf;Fk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;Nl vd;gJ tpsq;FfpwJ
nghJthf 24. tpwYila ,isQh;f;Fk; khL ctikahff;
,Ue;jJ.,t;thW> kf;fs; ehfhpfj;NjhL khl;bw;Fj; $wg;gl;ljid tpsf;Ff. ctikahF ngah;
njhlh;G cz;L vd;W ghthzh; vLj;Jiuf;fpwhh;. fhis kf;fSf;fhf kpfTk; cioj;jjhy; „khL
22. khL nry;tdk; Nghy; fUjg;glf; fhuzq;fs; Nghy; cioj;jy;… vd;W $Wk; tof;fk;
ahit? khL nry;tk; Njhd;wpaJ. fhis> tpliy vd;Dk; ngah;fs;
kh vd;Dk; ngaNu M vd;W khwpapUf;fyhk;. M ctikahF ngauhf kwth;f;Fk; FWk;gurh;f;Fk;
vd;gJ Kjypy; khL vd;W nghUs;gl;Lg; gpd; toq;fp te;jd. gfL ,ila+w;iwg;
gRitf; Fwpj;jJ. goq;fhyj;jpy; khNl kf;fspd; nghUl;gLj;jhky; vLj;j nraiy Kbf;fk;
nry;tkhf ,Ue;jJ. mjdhy; nry;tk; khnldg; Mw;wy; cilatd; „gfL… vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;lhd;.
gl;lJ. ‘Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tp xUtw;F ‘kLj;jth nay;yhk; gfld;dhd; cw;w
khly;y kw;iw ahit‛. vd;w Fwl;ghtpy; khL ,Lf;fz; ,lh;g;gh Lilj;J‛ (Fws; 624)
vd;gJ nry;tj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. cotDf;F vd;w Fwl;ghtpy; „gfL… vd;gJ fhis Nghd;w
cjTk; khL Ky;iy epyj;jpy; coT Njhd;wpaJ. Mw;wy; cila Mz;kfidNa Fwpf;fpwJ.
mJ kUj epyj;jpy; rpwg;gile;jJ. Ky;iyapy; VW jOty; ,isQhpd; typikia mwptjw;F
Gd;nra;g; gapUk; kUj epyj;jpy; ed;nra;g; gapUk; „VW jOty;… Xh; msitahff; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
tpistpf;fg;gl;ld. khL Ky;iy> kUjk; Mfpa Ky;iy epyj;J Mah; VW jOtpa,isQh;f;Nf
,Uepyj;jtUf;Fk; CDk; ghYk; je;J jq;fs; kfis kzk; nra;J
cjtpaJ cOjJ ePh; ,iwj;jJ. ,t;thW nfhLj;jdh;.nghUj;jkhdNj Mtpd; thiyAk;
,Utif Ntshz;ikf;Fk; cjtpaJ. vUjpd; thiyAk; gw;wpf; nfhz;L Mokhd
khl;bd; gad;fs; khl;bd; CDk; ghYk; kl;Lky;y Mw;iwf; fle;jdh;. vUJ Ch;jpahf cjtpaJ
mjd; Njhy;> nfhk;G> curid (Nuhrid)> nghjp Rke;jJ ,d;Wk; tz;b ,Of;fpwJ.
thy;kaph;> rhzk; KjypadTk; gad;gl;ld. 25 ePjp E}y;fspd; nghJthd ,ay;igf; Fwpj;J
czit tpistpf;f cjtpa khL jhDk; vOJf. ePjp E}y;fspd; ,ay;G
czthfg; gad;gl;lJ. ghy;> japh;> Nkhh;> ePjpfisf; $w vOe;jit ePjp E}y;fs;> ,t;thW
ntz;nza;> nea; Kjypa Ie;Jk; IaKjk; elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpjpj;Jk;> ,t;thW elj;jy;
(gQ;rhkpUjk;) vdg;gLk;. khL ,jid gad; $lhJ vd;W tpyf;fpAk; nry;tJjhd; ePjp
jUtjhy; jkpoh; khl;ilr; nry;tkhff; fUjpdhh; E}y;fspd; ,ay;G. nghJthd ,ay;G
23. tpuTg; ngah;fshf ,yf;fzj;jpw;
,yf;fpaq;fs; ,d;gk; jUtd. Mdhy; ePjp
nrhy;yg;gLtd khLfspd; ngUk;gad; fUjpNa ,yf;faq;fs;- ePjp E}y;fs; ,d;gk; jUtJld;
vd;w ghthzhpd; $w;iw tpsf;Ff. kdpj tho;it rPh;gLj;jTk; Nkk;gLj;jTk;
jpiz tOTf;Fr; rhd;W Ntz;Lk;. mj;jifa> ePjp E}y;fspy; ,yf;fpa
coth; MitAk; M Vw;iwAk; (fhis eak; - ftp eak; fhz;gJ mhpJ. ,itNa
khl;ilAk;) kpfTk; gad;gLj;jp te;jdh;. mit ePjpE}y;fspd; nghJthd ,ay;GfshFk;
tUtijf; fz;L> „vd; mk;ik

26. ftpijapd; Nehf;fk; Fwpj;J> Mrphpah; Njhd;wkhl;lh. ,r;nrhy;iyj;Njh;e;njLj;Jj; jFe;j

rpjk;guehjh; $Wtd ahit? ,lk; ghh;j;J itj;j ngUikjpUts;StUilaJ.
ftpij ,d;gj;jpw;Nf ePjp fathplk; ,ufrpaj;ijf; $wf; $lhJ vd;w
ey;y ftpijapd; Nehf;fk; kf;fSf;F ePjp ePjpia vt;tsT eak;glj; jpUts;Sth;
$Wtjd;W vd;W Nky;ehl;L Muha;r;rpahsh; rpyh; $wpAs;shh;
$Wfpd;wdh;. ek; ehl;bYk; rpyh; „fhtpaj;jpy; 28. Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;gJ gw;wp K. t. ciug;gd
,yf;fpaj;jpy; tUk; fUj;ij Nehf;f Ntz;lh ahit Kd;Ndw;wk;
,d;gj;ij khj;jpuk; nfhs;Sq;fs;… vd;fpwhh;fs;. cyfk; gbg;gbNa Kd;Ndwp tUfpwJ. mjd;
ftpij ,d;gj;jpw;Nf vd;Dk; fUj;J xg;Gf; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij czuhj fhuzj;jhy; rpyh;
nfhs;sf; $bajd;W. Kw;Nghf;if vjph;f;fpwhh;fs;. rpyh; cyfk;
Ez;fiyfspd; Nehf;fk; Kd;Nghy; ,y;iyNa vd;W vz;zpr; Nrhh;T
rpw;gk;> Xtpak;> ehl;bak; Nghd;wit Ez;fiyfs;> milfpwhh;fs;. rpyh; cyfk; Kd;Nghy; ,y;iyNa
,tw;iwg; Nghy; ,yf;fpaKk; xU Ez;fiyjhd;. vd;W vz;zpr; Nrhh;T milfpwhh;fs;. rpyh; jhk;
Ez;fiyfs; ,d;gk; jUtd> ,yf;fpakhfpa tpUk;GtJ Nghy; ,y;iyNa vd;W cyfj;ijg;
fiyAk; ,d;gk; ju Ntz;Lk; vd;W gopf;fpwhh;fs;. ey;y khWjy;fs;
vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLtJ cz;ikjhd;. cyfk; Kd;NdWfpwJ vd;why;> kiyAk; fhLk;
,yf;fpaj;jpd; Nehf;fk; VNjh khWjy; milfpd;wd vd;gJ fUj;J md;W.
Mdhy;> ,e;j mUq;fiyfSf;Fk; ,yf;fpakhfpa cyfj;jpy; cs;s kf;fspd; tho;tpy; ey;y
fiyf;Fk; xU NtWghL cz;L. Ez;fiyapd; khWjy;fs; Vw;gl;L tUfpd;wd vd;gNj fUj;J
Nehf;fk; ,d;gk; jUtJ kl;LNk. ftpij MFk;. ,e;j Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F ,ilapilNa
,yf;fpaj;jpd; Nehf;fNkh ,d;gk; jUtJld; gy epiyfspy; kdpjh; jLkhwpaJ cz;L>
kl;Lky;yhky; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifiar; jLkhwpj; jLkhwpg; Gjpa Gjpa mwpTk; Cf;fKk;
rPh;gLj;JtjhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ngw;W kdpjh; Kd;Ndwp te;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.
,t;thW> ftpijapd; Nehf;fk; Fwpj;J Mrphpah; 29. Kjy; jLkhw;wk; vd;gJ K. t. Fwpg;gJ
rpjk;guehjd; njspTgLj;Jfpwhh; ahJ? rpWtd;
27. ctikfisf; ifahSk; gs;spf; $lj;Jf;F rpWtd; xUtd; vOjf; fw;Wf;
tpjj;jpNyNa jpUts;Sth; eaKz;lhff; nfhz;l gpwF> gyifAk; gyg;gKk; jdf;Fr;
nra;j cjtpiag; Nghw;WtJ ,aw;if. Mdhy;
Fwsikj; jpUg;gij tpsf;Ff. vOj;Jf; fy;tp ngUik cilaJ vd;W
rpy ctikfisf; ifahSk; tpjj;jpNyNa czuhky;> gyifAk; gyg;gKk; cah;e;jit>
jpUts;Sth; kpFe;j eaKz;lhff; Fws; rpwe;jit vd;W kaq;fpdhy; > mij mtDila
mikj;Js;shh;. mjw;Fr;rhd;whf xd;iwf; tho;tpy; Neh;e;j xUjLkhw;wk; vd;Nw $w
fhz;Nghk;.rhd;Wmiwgiw ad;dh; fath;jhq; Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbg;gl;l
Nfl;l kiwgpwh;fF ; ca;j;Jiuf;f jLkhw;wq;fs; kdpj tuyhw;wpy; gy Neh;e;jJ
yhd;‛.fUj;Jgiw xU nra;jpiag; gyh; fhjpy; cz;L kd;dd;
nfhz;L Ngha;r; Nrh;g;gJ Nghy ,ufrpaj;ijf; kf;fs; $bthoj; njhlq;fpaNghJ mth;fSs;
fath; (fPo;kf;fs;) gyhplk; nrd;Wnjhptpj;J xUtd; jiytdhf ,Ue;J topfhl;bdhd;. mtd;
tpLfpwhh;fs; vd;gJ ,f;Fwl;ghtpd; jiytd;
fUj;J.eak;ahNuh xUth; xU nra;jpia ,ufrpak; vd;gjw;fhf mtd; jiyapy; xU Kb#l;o mtd;
vd;W xUtdplj;jpy; njhptpj;jhh;. mtd; vd;d ifapy; xU NfhYk; nfhLj;jdh; mt;thW rpy
nra;jhd; njhpAkh? mjid%l;il fl;bf; jiyKiwfs; ele;j gpwF> me;j KbAk; NfhYk;
nfhz;L gyhplk; Nghdhd;. me;j kiwnghUshfpa cah;e;jtdhfg; Nghw;wg;gl;ld. mtw;iw
Rikia mtdhy; jhq;f Kbatpy;iy. mjdhy;> cilatd; kd;dd; vdg;gl;lhd;. Kjy; jLkhw;wk;
mijf; nfhz;L Ngha;g; gyUf;Fk; gq;F Nghl;Lg; kf;fSf;fhf kd;dd; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gij
gphpj;J> vLj;Jf; nfhLj;jhd;. mtid kwe;J> kd;dDf;fhf kf;fs; Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk;
„miwgiwad;dh;… vdj;jpUts;Sth; $wpa moF %lek;gpf;if gpwF Vw;gl;lJ. KbAk; NfhYk;
ghuhl;lj;jf;fJ.me;j ,ufrpak; mtDf;Fg; cilatd; vtdhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mtidj;
ghukhf ,Ue;jJ vd;gJk; mjidf; nfhz;L nja;tkhfg; Nghw;wp mbgzpa Ntz;Lk; vd;w
Ngha;g; gpwUf;Fr; Nrh;j;jhd; vd;gJk;„ca;j;J… %l ek;gpf;if tsh;e;jJ. ,t;thW gy Mapuk;
vd;w nrhy;yhy; ngwg;gLfpd;wd. „ca;j;J… vd;w Mz;Lfs; fope;jd. gpwF ,e;jj; jLkhw;wk;
nrhy; ,f;Fwl;ghtpw;F caph;epiy> mij jPh;tjw;F xU top Vw;gl;lJ. gyifAk; gyg;gKk;
vLj;Jtpl;LNtW ve;jr; nrhy;iy me;j ,lj;jpy; rpwe;jit my;y vd;W gs;spf;$lr; rpWtd;
Nrh;j;jhYk;> ,t;tsT rpwe;j eaq;fs; czh;tJ Nghy;> KbAk; NfhYk; rpwe;jit my;y
vd;W kdpjh; czuj; njhlq;fpdh;.jFjp MfNt> 31. Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak; mika K.t.
xU ehl;il Ms;tjw;Fj; jFjp cilatiuj; fhl;Lk; topfs; ahit?
Njh;e;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zpdh;. mt;thW kdpj tho;Nth nghpaJ
Njh;e;njLg;gjw;F top tFf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Kb> Nfhy;> gzk;> gjtp> fl;rp Njh;jy; vd;Dk;
Kad;wdh;. Njh;jy; Kiw me;j Kaw;rpahy; ve;jg; ngaiur; nrhy;ypAk; kf;fis ,dpNky;
Vw;gl;J jhd; Njh;jy Kiw. Njh;jy; KiwAk; Vkhw;w KbahJ. ,it vy;yhk; kdpj
neLq;fhykhfr; rpw;W}u;fspy; ,Ue;J tho;Tf;Fcjt te;j fUtpfs;. fUtpfs; Page
te;jpUf;fpd;wJ. gyh; $bf; ifia cah;j;Jtjd; NghFkhdhYk; ,ilA+whfj; Njhd;WkhdhYk; | 19
%ykhfTk; Fl XiyapypUe;J Njh;e;njLg;gjd; mtw;iwg;Gwf;fzpf;f kdpjh;f;F chpik cz;L.
%ykhfTk; ek; ehl;bYk; gyE}w;whz;LfSf;F mit vy;yhk; rpwpait. Mdhy; kdpj tho;Nth
Kd;dpUe;Nj Njh;jy; Kiw ,Ue;J te;jJ. nghpJ.mbg;gilfs; kdpj tho;tpy;cz;ikahd
nry;tKk; nry;thf;Fk;me;jj; Njh;jy;fspYk;> mbg;gilahf cs;sit ,uz;L xd;W $l;LwT
KbAk; NfhYk; ngw;wpUe;j rpwg;ig NtW ,uz;L kw;nwhd;W ciog;G> ,e;j ,uz;Lk;
fUtpfs; ngw;Wtpl;ld. mit nry;tKk; cs;stiuapy kdpj tho;Tf;F ve;jf; FiwAk;
nry;thf;F cilath;fSk; epyGyk; gilj;Jr; ,y;iy. $l;lwTf;F ,ilA+W te;jhy; mij
nry;gtuhf tho;gth;fSk; Njh;jypy; epd;W ntw;wp nty;y mbg;gil Ntz;Lk;. ciog;Gf;F gQ;rk;
ngw;Wj; jiytuhftu Kbe;jJ. KbAk; te;jhy;> mij bty;y cOepyk; Ntz;Lk;.
nrq;NfhYk; rpwg;ghfg; Nghw;wg;gl;lJ Nghy> Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak; Ruz;LNthUk;
nry;tKk; nry;thf;Fk; kf;fSF;Fg; gad;gLtJ Ruz;glg;gLNthUk; ,y;yhj rhjp> rkak; fl;rp
khwp> ehl;L kf;fs; vy;yhUk; xU rpyUila Kjypatw;why; Vw;wj; jho;T ,y;yhj rKjhak;
nry;tj;ijAk; nry;thf;ifAk; fhg;gjw;fhfg; miktjw;F ,JNt topahFk;;.
gad;gl;ldh;. ,J,uz;lhtJ jLkhw;wepiy. 32. . jkpoh;fs; goq;fhye;njhl;Nl fiyfisAk;
MfNt> Njh;jYk; xU jLkhw;wNk vd K.t Ngzp te;Js;sdh; vd;gij tpsf;F.
ciuf;fpwhh;. jkpofj;jpy; gy fiyr; nry;tq;fisf;
30. xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;W K.t. ciug;gJ fhz;fpNwhk;. mtw;iwf; fhZk; NghJ jkpoh;fs;
ahJ? xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk; kpfg; goq;fhyk; njhl;Nl fiyfisg; Ngzpg;
KbAk; NfhYk; rpwg;ghf ,Ue;j fhyj;jply; ghJfhj;J te;jpUg;gij mwpa KbfpwJ
mtw;iwf; fhg;gjw;fhfg; gilfSk; gilf; ‘Maf;fiyfs;mWgj;J ehd;F‛ vd;w
fUtpfSk; gad; gl;ld. ,d;iwa Ml;rp KJnkhopf;F Vw;g gytifahd fiyfisj;
KiwapYk; gilfSk; gilf; fUtpfSk; jkpoh; rpwg;Gw tsh;j;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.fl;llf;fiy>
mt;thW gad;gLfpd;wd. MapDk;> mtw;wpd; rpw;gf;fiy> Xtpaf;fiy> ,irf;fiy>
kjpg;Gk; rpwg;Gk; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wd. ,ij xU ehl;baf;fiy rpw;gf;fiy> Xtpaf;fiy Mfpad
gb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;Nw $wyhk;. kpfkpfg; goq;fhYk; KjNy jkpofj;jpy;
kaf;fk; jPUk; rpwg;Gg; ngw;W tpsq;fpapUf;fpd;wd.
,d;W fl;rpfisf; fhg;ghw;wg; gad;gLtd 33. ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; fl;llf; fiyr;
NkilfSk; gj;jphpiffSk; jhd;. md;iwa nra;jpfisf; $Wf.
kf;fs; gilfisAk; gilf; fUtpfisAk; fz;L fl;llf; fiy vd;whNy Nfhapy;fspd;
kaq;fpaJ Nghy;> ,d;iwa kf;fs; fl;llf;fiyiaj; jhd; $w KbfpwJ. fhuzk;
gj;jphpiffisAk; fw;Wk; Nfl;Lk; kaq;Ffpwhh;fs; jkpoh;fspd; fl;llf;fiy ,d;W tiu cau;e;J
. ,e;j kaf;fKk; tpiutpy; jPh;e;J tpLk;. njspT epw;git Nfhapy;fNs! kw;wg;go murh;fs; tho;e;
gj;jphpiffspy; vOjg;gLtd vy;yhk; cz;ik muz;kidfs; gw;wpNah> nry;te;jh;fs; tho;e;j
my;y. Nkilapy; Ngrg;gLtd vy;yhk; cz;ik khspiffisg; gw;wpNah nghJkf;fspd; tPLfisg;
my;y> mtw;iwf; fw;whYk; Nfl;lhYk; gw;wpNah $wKbatpy;iy. Vnddpy;> mtw;iwg;
cz;ikfsis Muhaj; njhpe;J nfhs;s gw;wpa nra;jpfs; fpilj;jpy;> ,yf;fpaq;fspy;
Ntz;Lk;. ‘vg;nghUs; ahh; ahh; tha;f; Nfl;gpDk; kd;dh;fs; thoe;j muz;kisfs; gw;wpa
mg;nghUs; nka;g;nghUs; fhz;gJ mwpT‛ vd;w nra;jpfs; cs;sdh; efu mikg;Gg; gw;wpg;
njspT kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; fhyk; te;J Ngrg;gLfpwJ ahid kPJ Nghh;tPud; xUtd;
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. me;jj; njspT Vw;gl;l gpwF mku;e;J jd; ifapy; kpf cau;e;j nfhbia
jhd;> Nghh;g; gilfisf; fz;L kf;fs; Ve;jpr; nry;Yk; msTf;F
kaq;fhjJ Nghy;> fl;rpj; Njh;jy;fisf; fz;Lk; cah;e;j thapy;fs; muz;kidfspy;
kaq;f khl;lhh;fs;. ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd; Itif epyq;fSf;F Vw;gr; rpW
tPLfs; fl;bf; nfhz;L kf;fs; tho;e;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.

Mdhy; mtw;wpd; Nehpilr; rhd;Wfs; ,d;Dk; ePjp,uf;fpd;w xUtDf;F ,y;iy vd;W $whJ
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl tpy;iy nghUs; cs;sth; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w ePjpia
34.jkpoff; Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fis gw;wpvOJf. ts;Sth; ,j;Jizr;rpwg;ghf typAWj;jpAs;shh;.
1. gps;isahh; gl;b rhd;W : 2
Nfhapw; fl;llf;fiy vd;W vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; Fws;‘,ue;Jk; caph; tho;jy; Ntz;bw;
fp.gp. 6 Mk; E}w;whz;bypUe;J jhd; ehk; $w gue;JnfLf cyfpaw;wp ahd;‛
KbAk; jkpofj;jpd; njd;gFjpahd ,uhjkehjGuk; fUj;J: ,t;Tyifg; gilj;jtd; ,uj;jiyAk;
khtl;lj;ijr; Nrh;e;j gps;isahh;gl;b vd;Dk; xU njhopnydg; gilj;J mj;njhopy;fs; rpyh;
Chpd; Filtiuf; NfhapNy jkpofj;jpy; caph; tho;thuhf vd;W tpjpj;jpUe;jhy; mtDk;
,d;W fhzg;ngWk; Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fSs; njUnty;yhk; miye;J jphpe;J Jd;Gwl;Lk;
goikahdjhFk;. Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fs; vd;gJ ,f;Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;J.,yf;fpa eak;
,J ghz;bah;fsJ gilg;ghFk;. ,jid mLj;J> vt;tsT ,opthdJ? cyfpy; ,d;dpd;dhh;f;F
jkpofj;jpd; gy gFjpfspy; Filtiuf; ,d;dpd;dJ njhopy; vdg; gpukd; tFj;jpUg;gjhf
Nfhapy;fs; itj;Jf; nfhs;SNthk;. mj;njhopy;fspy;
mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mit gy;yth;fs; > xd;whf ahrpj;jiyAk; Nrh;j;J vz;zpdhdh
ghz;bah;fs;> mjpah;> Kj;jiuah; MfpNahh; gpukd;?mtd; xU ghtp ,opthd xd;iw vdf;Fk;
mike;jit MFk;. fp. gp. 9 Mk; E}w;whz;NlhL vd; Nghd;wth;fSf;fk; xU njhopyhfg; gpukd;
Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fs; mikf;Fk; gzp epd;W tFj;jhhd; vd;why; mtd; xU gpwtp
tpl;lJ. fdpf; Fd;Wfs; jdpj;jdp Fd;Wfisr; vLf;fl;Lk;. mg;gpwtp khdplg; gpwtpaha;
nrJf;fpf; Nfhapyhf;Fk; Kiw gy;yth;> ghz;bah; ,Uf;fl;Lk;. khdpldha;> khdk; tpl;L. ,utydha;
fhyq;fspy; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. khky;yGuj;jpy; te;J NRul;Lk;. Nghfpw ,lj;jpy; clNd czit
cs;s Ie;J ujq;fSk; fOFkiyapy; cs;s - fhir- gpr;iriag; -ngwhky;> gy tPLfspy; gy
ntl;Lthd; NfhapYk; KiwNa mtu;fsJ njUf;fspy; miyal;Lk; ! miye;J nfl;
gilg;GfshFk;. Filtiuf; Nfhapy; mikf;Fk; nlhopal;Lk; ! ,yf;fpa ,d;gk; ,t;thW xU
Kiw fp.gp. 8 Mk; E}w;whz;Lld; epd;W tpl;lJ gpr;irf;fhud; fUjpajhf; fdhf; fz;lhh; NghYk;
neLtpdh 1x6=6 jpUts;Sth;. vt;tsT nghpa fdit vj;Jizf;
1. ePjp $Wk; NghJk; eak;glf; $wpath; FWfpambfspy; njhptpj;Jtpl;lhh; !
jpUts;Sth; vd;gijr; rhd;WfSld; tpsf;Ff. KbTiu
Kd;Diu :- ,it ePjp $Wk; NghJ eak;glf; $wpath;
ePjp $Wk; NghJ eak;glr; nrhy;tjw;Fr; rhjhuz jpUts;Sth; vd;gjw;fhd rhd;WfshFk;.
kdpjDf;Fj; njhpahJ. Mdhy;> ts;Sth; 2. tapw;Wg; ngUkhd; nghUl;L kf;fs; nra;Ak;
ePjpiaf; $leak;glf; $Wtjpy; ty;yth;. nray;fsha; mwnewpr;rhu; $Wtd ahit?
rhd;W : 1 Nghw;wp ! Nghw;wp>
‘fug;gth;f;F ahq;nfhspf;Fq; nfhy;Nyh ,ug;gth; cyfpy; ,r;rfk; Ngrp thOk; khe;jUs; xUtid
nrhy;yhlg; Nghxk; caph;‛.Fwl;ghtpd; Kidg; ghbahh; vd;Dk; Gyth; xUth; ghh;f;fpwhh;.
fUj;JnghUis itj;Jf; nfhz;L xUth; ,y;iy xU ehs;xUtUk; mwpahky; mtd; tPl;bDs;
vd;W nrhy;fpwhh;. mr;nrhy;iyf; Nfl;lTld; Eioe;J> mtd; nra;tdtw;iwg; ghh;j;Jf;
,ug;gthpd; caph;Ngha;tpLfpwJ. ,y;iy vd;W nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;. mtd; Nghw;wp
kiwg;gth; caph; vq;Nf Ngha; xspe;J ghhpNa Nghw;wp> Nghw;wp fhhp> Nghw;wp Xhp> Nghw;wp
nfhz;lNjh njhpatpy;iyNa fd;dh> Nghw;wp Ngfh vd;W vd;ndd;dNth
,JNt,f;Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;J.eak;xUtd; jd;dplk; cUg;Nghl;lgb,Uf;fpwhd;. ,jid kiwj;jpUe;J
xU nghUs; Ntz;b te;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gij ftdpf;fpwhh; Gyth;. mtd; ntspNa Gwg;gl;Lg;
mwpAk; nry;td; $rhky; „,y;iy… vdr; Nghfpwhd;. GytUk; mtidg;gpd; njhlh;fpwhh;.
nrhy;fpwhd;.,y;iy vd;w nrhy;iyf; Nfl;lTld;> ,iwtNd! mUs; Ghpf!GJg; gzf;fhud; xUtd;
,ue;J epd;wtdpd; caph; Ngha;tpLfpwJ. ,y;iy tPl;by; mtd; Eiofpwhd;. Nghw;wp ! Nghw;wp vd;W
vd;wtdplNkh nrhy;Yfpwtd;tha;topNa te;jJ. njhlq;fp> mbNaidf; fhj;jUsNtz;baJ
Mdhy; mtid xd;Wk; nra;atpy;iyNa vd;Nd Mz;ltid xj;j jq;fshy; jhd; ,aYk;.
tpe;ij ,y;iy vd;W nrhd;dtdpd; caph; ,iwtNd mUs; Gupf! jq;fs; mUs; Nehf;fp
me;j Neuj;jpy; vq;Nf Ngha; xspe;J nfhz;lNjh tho;fpNwd; ;gapUk; kio vg;gbNah> vd; Nghd;w
njhpatpy;iyNa ,y;iy vd;w nrhy;iyf; VioaUf;Fj; jhq;fs; mg;gb‛ vd;W nrhy;ypg;
Nfl;ltd; kha;e;jhd; $wpatd; khatpy;iyNa gpd;Dk; gy mLf;fj; njhlq;fpdhd;.mwnewpr;
rhug; ghly;ghh;j;jhh; Gyth; ; ghbdhh; xU ghl;L.
‘Nghw;wpNa Nghw;wpNa nad;W GJr; nry;tk;
Njhw;wpahh; fz;nzy;yhk; njhz;Nl Nghy; Mw;wg; rhjpf; nfhLik. rhjpf; nfhLikfisf; fisa>
gapw;wpg; gapw;wpg; gyTiug;g njy;yhk; tapw;Wg; rhd;Nwhh; ngUKaw;rp nra;jdh;. Mdhy;>
ngUkhd; nghUl;L‛vd;gNj mg;ghl;L. mk;Kaw;rpfs; ahTk; tpoYf;F ,iwj;j
,yf;fpa eak; ,r;rfk; NgRNthd; ,ope;jtd; ePh;Nghd;W tPzhapd. rkantwp : xUtdpd;
vd;W NeNu nrhy;yhky;> mtd; tapw;wpid rkantwp> flTs; md;igf; nfLf;Fk; mtd;
kNfRtudhf;fpg; rkantwpahy; jd; rkaj;jpd; kPJ gw;Wf;
ngUikg;gLj;JtJ Nghy; rpWikg;gLj;jpa jpwk; nfhz;LVida rkaj;jhiu epe;jpf;fpwhd;. Page
tpag;gpw;FhpaJ. tapwhfpa jk;gpuhd; ,Uf;fpwhNU (gopf;fpwhd;) ,e;j epiy kpFe;j mwpahikNa | 21
me;jf; flTisf;fhg;ghw;w vj;jid ngha; MFk;. ‘rkak; vd;gJ xd;Nw mJNt rkurk;
NgRfpwhhh;fs; kdpjh;fs;! ,g;gbg; ngha;iar; vd;gjhFk;.‛ gy rka czh;Tk; jd; rkag;gw;Wk;
nrhy;yp tapW tsh;f;f rkurj;ij mopj;J tpLfpd;wd. Mjyhy;>
Ntz;Lkh?vd;WKidg;ghbahh; Nfl;gJ Nghy; rkantwp $lhJ vd;fpwhh; jpU.tp.f.
cs;sJ. ,g;gb tsh;f;fg;gLk; tapW tapwh? 4. ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kj;jkpo; tif
,y;iy Fjpuh? vdg; Gyth; Nfl;gJ :Kd;Diu : njhd;W njhl;Lj; jkpo;nkhop ,ay;>
Nghyj;Njhd;WfpwJ. tapw;Wr; rhkpia ek;gp ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; %d;W gphpTfis
cz;ikf; flTis kf;fs; tpLfpwhh;fNs! vdg; cilaJ. me;j %tifg;
Gyth; fyq;FtJ Nghyj; Njhd;WfpwJ. ghFghLfs; Fwpj;J ,e;jf; fl;Liuapy;
ePjp fhz;Nghk;.
‘ tapw;iw tsh;g;gjw;fhf ,r;rfk; Ngrpj; jphpa ,aw;wkpo; : ,aw;wkpo; vd;gJ jkpopYs;s
Ntz;lhk;‛ vd;w ePjpia ‘ tapw;Wg; ngUkhd; trdKk; nra;ASkhd E}y;fspd; njhFjpahFk;
ngUl;L‛ vd;w xNunjhluhy; mwnewpr;rhur; nre;jkpo; - trd E}y;fs;> nra;As; E}y;fs;
nra;As; vj;Jiz mofhf tpsq;fp fhl;LfpwJ. nfhLe;jkpo; - trd E}y;fs;>: nra;As; E}y;fs
3. „ehL> rhjp> rkak; ,tw;iw mbg;gilahff; Mfpatw;iwNa jkpoh; ,aw;wkpo; vd;wdh;.
nfhz;L rkur czh;tpdpd;W khWgLjy; jtwhk;… ,aw;wkpopy; ,yf;fpaq;fs;> ,yf;fzq;fs; Mfpa
vd;W jpU.tp.f. thjpLtij tpsf;Ff. ahTk; mlq;Fk;
gpwehl;il tUj;Jjy; : 2. ,irj;jkpo; - tpsf;fk; :
xUtd; jhd; gpwe;j ehl;ilj; jha;Nghy; ,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ gz;nzhL fye;Jk;
Nerpf;fyhk;. Mdhy;> me;j Nerj;ij itj;J> jhsj;NjhL Nrh;e;Jk; mikAk; nra;AshFk;.
vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; kw;w ehLfisj; nre;jkpo;g; ghl;LfshYk; nfhLe;jkpo;g;
Jd;GWj;jf; $lhJ. fly;fSk; kiyfSk; ghl;LfshYk; mike;j ,yf;fpaq;fSk; mtw;wpd;
fhLfSk; gpwTk; ehLfisg; gphpf;fpd;wd. ,yf;fzq;fSkhd E}y;fspd; njhFjpahFk;
,g;gphpitf; nfhz;L> xU ehl;lhh; ,d;ndhU ,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd :
ehl;lhiu tUj;Jjy; $lhJ. 1. fPh;j;jidfs; 2. Mde;jf; fspg;G
Nky; ehl;lhh; jhk; gpwe;j ehl;bd; nghUl;Lg; 3. thpg; ghly;fs; 4 Fk;kp5 rpe;J 6 njk;khq;F
gpwehLfisg; gw;Wtjpy; jpwik tha;e;jth; Kjypad ,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd MFk; ;.
gpwehl;ltiu tUj;Jtjw;Nf Mfha ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fs; - Kw;fhyk; :
tpkhdq;fisAk;ehP ;%o;fpf; fg;gy;fisAk; er;Rf; 1. ngUehiu2. ngUq;FUF 3. ,ir EZf;fk;
fhw;iwAk; gpwtw;iwAk; fz;lwpe;jdh;‛. 4. jhstifNahj;J vd;gd Kw;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j
kw;wtiuAk; kjpf;f Ntz;Lk; :jq;fs; ehl;ilNa ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fshFk; ,ilf;fhy ,irj;
flTsha;f; fUJk; ,th;fSf;F gpw ehl;lthplKk; jkpo; E}y;fs; :Njthuk; Kjypad
flTs; ,Uj;jy; Gydhtjpy;iy.kw;wth;f;Fk; grp ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; toq;fpa ,irj;jkpo;
Kjypad cz;L vd;gij mth;fs; rpe;jpj;Jg; E}y;fshFk;.
ghh;g;gjpy;iy.vy;yh ehl;ltUk; ek; rNfhjuh;fNs jw;fhy ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fs; :
vd;gij czuhj gyh; „ehL… vd;Dk; gw;why; 1.fe;j Guhzf; fPh;j;jid2. nghpa Guhzf;
rkurj;ij ,of;fpd;wdh;. fPh;j;jid
top epd;W Ma;f. rhjpf; nfhLik :gpwg;gpy; 3. rq;fPj re;jphpif Kjypad jw;fhyj;jpy;
cah;T jho;T fUJjy; jtW gpwg;gpy; cah;T toq;fp tUk; ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fshFk;.
jho;T fUJk; ngUq;Fw;wk;ekJ ehl;Lf;Nf ,irj;jkpopd; rpwg;G : ,irj; jkpo; ,y;yhky;
rpwg;ghf cz;L.‛gpwg;ghy; cah;T jho;T fUJk; ehlfj; jkpo; rpwg;gilahJ. Milaw;w eq;if
cs;sj;jpy; xUNghJk; rkurr; rhay; gluhJ. ntspg;glhJ cs;slq;fpNa ,Uf;Fk;.
vy;yhf; nfhLikfspYk; jiyahaJ ,irj; jkpopd; ,yf;fzk; : ,irAk; jhsKk;
Nrh;e;j nra;Al;fNs ,irj; jkpo; vdg;gLk;.

,tw;Ws; xd;W ,y;iy vd;whYk; mJ „jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rPh;j;j (rpwe;j) ehfhpfKk;

,aw;wkpopy; jhd; mlq;Fk;.) nghUe;jpa J}a;nkhop Gfy; nrk;nkhop…ahk; vd;gJ
5 . ehlfj;jkpo; (13-14) 2x10=20
ifapy; Gj;jfj;ij vLj;Jg; gbf;f Neukpy;yhj VI. fij fijg; nghUs; rpijahky; vOJjy;
gzpahsh;fSf;Fk; gbf;fj; njhpajth;fSf;Fk; ‘ghy;tz;zk; gps;is’ vd;Dk; rpW fijiaf;
ey;ywpT Gfl;Lk; Nehf;fj;Jld; vOe;jNj ehlfj; fUg;nghUSk; RitAk; Fd;whky; RUf;fp tiuf.
jkpohFk;. mJ Nfl;Nghh;f;Fk; fhz;Nghh;f;Fk; Kd;Diu:
,d;gk; jUtjhy; kf;fs; mijf; fhz tpUk;gpr; rpWfij cyfpd; Kb#lh kd;duhf tpsq;fpath;>
nry;fpd;wdh;. GJikg;gpj;jd; ,tuJ ciueil njspe;j
ehlfj; jkpopd; rpwg;G :
ePNuhil Nghd;wJ ‘ghy;tz;zk; gps;is’ vd;Dk;
,aw;wkpo;> ,irj;jkpo; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk;
,r;rpWfijapy;> gps;isapd; twl;Lg; gpbthj
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gpwe;jNj ehlfj; jkpo;.
Fzj;ijAk;Mzhjpf;f ,ay;igak;
,aYk; ,irAk; Nfs;tp ,d;gk; kl;LNk jUtd.
glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shh;> Mrphpah;.
ehlfj;jkpNoh Nfs;tp ,d;gj;Jld; fhl;rp
,d;gKk; jUfpwJ. NkYk;> mJ cs;sij fijapd; fU: ‘jhd;’vd;Dk; Mzhjpf;f rf;jp
cs;sthNw fhl;LfpwJ. ,jdhy;jhd; mwpitAk; mopj;jpLk; moprf;jp
gpwehl;ltUk; gpwnkhopg; Gyth;fSk; ehlfj;ij fij khe;jh;fs;
Nkd;ik ciladthf kjpf;fpd;wdh;.) KaYf;F %d;W fhy;fs;:ghy;tz;zk; gps;is>
KbTiu : khtl;lMl;rpah; mYtyfj;jpy; khjk; 35 &gha;
,t;thW ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kj;jkpo; Cjpaj;jpy; vOj;juhfg; gzpGhpgth;. ‘jk; gpbj;j
tifik Fwpj;J Kj;J Kj;jhd fUj;Jfisg; KaYf;F %d;Nw fhy; ’ vd;W rhjpg;gth;.
ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; njhptpj;Js;shh;. mYtyfj;jpy; mikjpahd gR ; tPl;by;
neLtpdh 2 : Mj;jpukilAk; Gyp. FLk;gr; #o;epiy:
jkpo; cah; jdpr; nrk;nkhop FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ek;gpf;if ,y;yhj
Kd;Diu : tlnkhop> ,yj;jPd;> fphPf; Kjypa gps;isapd; FLk;gk; ngUfpapUe;jJ. mthpd;
nkhopfisg; Nghd;W jkpo; nkhopAk; cah;jdpr; nghWg;gw;w jd;ikahy;> tPl;by;tWikAk;
nrk;nkhopNa vd;gij,e;jf; fl;Liuapy; Jd;gKk; Ml;rp nra;jd. rj;Jtztpd;wpj; jtpj;j
fhz;Nghk;. Foe;ijfSf;Fg; ghy;fhudpd; fld;ghYk; nghJ
6 . cah;nkhop - tpsf;fk; : kUj;Jtkidapd; kUe;Jj; jz;zPUk;
jhd; toq;Fk; ehl;by; cs;s nkhopfs; czthapd. ,r;#o;epiyapy; mtupd; kidtpf;Fg;
vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl cah;thd>Nkd;ik cila gRkhL thq;Fk; vz;zk; Njhd;wpaJ.
nkhopNa cah;nkhop MFk;. nkf;]pNfh gpur;rpid:xUehs; mYtyfj;jpy;
jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjk; : ghy;tz;zk; gps;isf;Fk; mYtyf ez;gUf;Fk;
jkpo; nkhopahdJ njYq;F> fd;dlk;> fUj;J NtWghL Vw;gl;lJ. nkf;]pNfh>
kiyahsk;> JS Kjypa nkhopfis tpl ‘njd;mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,Uf;fpwJ’ vd;whh;. gps;is
cah;thdJ. Goikahd ,yf;fz ez;gNuh>’ G+Nfhs rh];jpuk; NtW khjphp my;yth
,yf;fpaq;fshy; Nkd;ik cilaJ. vdNt> jkpo; $WfpwJ’ vd;W ieahz;b ,ioNahlf; $wpdhh;.
nkhop cah;nkhopNaMFk;. jhk; $wpaij ep&gpf;Fk; Ntfj;jpy;> Nfhgj;Jld;
jdpnkhop - tpsf;fk; : tPl;bw;F te;jhh;> ghy; tz;zk;gps;is.
jdpj;J ,aq;Fk; Mw;wy; cila nkhopNa gps;isapd; gpbthjKk; rpdKk;:
jdpnkhop MFk;.jhd; gpw nkhopfSf;Fr; nra;Ak; gps;isath;fs;> jhk; gpbj;j GNfhsg; ghlE}iyj;
cjtp kpFe;Jk; gpw nkhopfsplk; ,Ue;J jhd; Njb vLj;jhh;. mjpy; nkf;]pNfh tl
ngWk; cjtp Fiwe;Jk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,Ue;jJ. jd; mwpTf;F Vw;gl;l
tof;fkhFk;. Njhy;tp> mthpd; rpdj;ij mjpfkhf;fpaJ.
jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjk; : mr;rkak; mthpd; kidtp gRkhL thq;Fk;
,e;j mbg;gilapy; ghh;j;jhy; jkpo; nkhopapd; vz;zj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpdhh; gps;is> ‘khLfPL
cjtp ,y;yhky; njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> vJTk; thq;f Ntz;lhk;; vd; gps;is ePj;j
JS Nghd;w nkhopfs; ,aq;fh. Mdhy; jkpo; jz;zpia Fbj;J tsUk’; vd;W
nkhopahdJ gpw nkhopfspd; cjtp ,y;yhky; Nfhgj;ij NtW tpjkhf ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;.
jdpj;J ,dpNj ,aq;ff; $baJ. ,e;jpa nkhop gRtpd; tuTk; gps;isapd; nraYk;Foe;ijfspd;
E}w; Gyth;fSk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l cz;ik ,J. kPj nfhz;l ghrj;jpdhy;> gps;isapd; kidtp
MfNt> jkpo; nkhop jdp nkhopNa MFk;.) jd; fhg;ig tpw;W> gRTk; fd;Wk; thq;fpdhs;.
7 . nrk;nkhop - tpsf;fk; : md;W
Kjy; gps;isath;fs; tPl;by; fhg;gpAk; NkhUk; gofTk; khl;lh;. Ch; tof;fq;fs;: xU tPl;by;
gUFtjpy;iy. kidtpNah ,Ujiyf; nfhs;sp jpUkzk; ele;jhy; me;j tPl;bypUe;J
vWk;G Nghyj; jtpj;jhs;. thiog;goKk; rpwpJ rPdpAk; itj;J
khl;il tpw;wy;: Cuhh;midtUf;Fk; toq;FtJ kuG.
gjpide;J ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd; gps;isAld; Rg;Gf; ,t;tof;fj;ij ‘ey;ykhrj;Jg;gok;’ vd;gh;.
NfhdhUk; te;jhh;. gps;is> khL 25 &gha; nghpath; vtNuDk; ,we;J tpl;lhy; mtuJ
Page
vd;whh;. Nfhdhh; > ‘rhkp khL 60 &gha; ngWNk> ngaud; ngah;j;jp Ch; kf;fSf;F fliy
vd;whh;. ,Wjpapy; vOgJ &gha;f;F thq;fpa mtpj;Jf; nfhLg;gh;. ,e;j tof;fj;ijf; ‘fliy | 23
gRTk; fd;Wk; Kg;gJ (30) &gha;f;F NghLtJ’ vd;gh;.%f;fg;gps;isNah kidtpia
tpw;fg;gl;lJ.gps;isapd; %j;j kfd;> ‘mk;kh vd; ,oe;jth; ; thhpRfs; ,y;yhjth; jdp kukhf
fd;Df;Fl;b’ vd;W mOjhd; .‘Rk;kh nfl rtNk’ tho;e;jth; . ,J Nghd;w tof;fq;fisr;nra;a
vd;W $wp Kw;Wg ;Gs;spitj;jhh;> ghy;tz;zk; tha;g;gpy;yhjth;. mjdhy; Ch;g; ngz;fNsh mth;
gps;is. kWj;jhYk; tw;GWj;jpf; nfhLj;Jr; nry;th;.eapdhh;
KbTiu: Nehd;G: xUtopg; ghijahf vy;NyhhplKk;
gps;isath;fs;> jk; kidtpapd; nray;fs; thq;fpr; rhg;gpLfpNwhk;. ,e;j Ch; kf;fSf;F
Mjhak; jUtjha; ,Ue;Jk;> jk; twl;Lg; ek;khy; vijAk;jpUg;gpr; nra;a Kbatpy;iyNa
gpbthjj;jpdhYk; Mzhjpf;fg;Nghf;fhYk; mij vd;W mth; tUe;jpdhh;. ,e;jf; flid jPh;f;f
Vw;f kWj;jhh;. ,y;ywk; ey;ywkhf tpsq;f vz;zpdhh;. rkPgj;jpy; ‘ rpj;uh ngsh;zkp’tu
FLk;gj; jiyth; nghWg;Gzh;e;J nray;gLjy; cs;sij mwpe;jhh;. me;j ehspy; eapdhh; Nehd;G
mtrpak;vd;fpwhh;. Mrphpah; GJikg;gpj;jd;. topghL cz;L. md;W rptGu kf;fs; ek; tPl;by;
fij czh;j;Jk; ePjp: ‘Mj;jpuf;fhuDf;Fg; Gj;jp tpUe;J cz;Lkfpol;LNk vd;W KbntLj;jhh;.
kl;L‛‘Mztf; fhuDf;Fk; Gj;jp kl;L‛ %f;fg;gps;is jtrpg;gps;isia mioj;jhh; ;
fij khe;jh;fs; fijkhe;jh; tpUe;jpw;F Vw;ghL nra;jhh;.tpUe;jpw;F miog;G:
jpwdha;T:ghy;tz;zk; gps;isghy;tz;zk; nghq;fy;> GspNahjiu> vYkpr;rk;gor; rhjk;>
gps;is (FLk;gj;jiyth; & vOj;jh;) nghWg;gw;w til> G+k;gUg;Gr; Rz;ly; vd;W rpj;uhd;dr;
FLk;gj;jiyth; gps;isapd; kidtp gpbthjKk; rpwg;G rhg;ghL %f;fg;gps;is tPl;by; jahuhfp
rpdKk; nfhz;lth;4 Foe;ijfs; kidtpia tpl;lJ. clNd miog;Gf;fhu MWKfj;ij
kjpf;fhjth;Rg;Gf;Nfhdhh; (khl;il thq;fpath;) mioj;jhh;. jd; tPl;by;tpUe;Jz;z Ch; kf;fis
Mztj;jpy; mwpitj; njhiyj;jth; ePjp: mioj;J tUkhW mDg;gpdhh;.Ch; tof;fk;:
Mztj;NjhL miye;J tho;e;jhy;mwpTk; md;Gk; tpUe;J mspg;gth; %d;W ehd;F ehl;fSf;F Kd;
njhiye;J tpLk;.‛ Nehpy; nrd;W> ‘ vq;fs; tPl;by; ,e;j ehspy;
2.%f;fg;gps;is tPl;L tpUe;J; ,d;dtpNr\k; eilngw cs;sJ. mjw;F ePq;fs;
fl;lhak; tu Ntz;Lk; . md;W vq;fs; tPl;by;
Kd;Diu: rKjhaj;jpd; gof;ftof;fq;fis
tpUe;Jz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;‚vd md;Gld;
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fij vOJtjpy;
miof;f Ntz;Lk;. tpUe;J ehSf;F Kd; jpdk;
ty;yth; ty;ypf;fz;zd;. %f;fg; gps;isapd;
kdf;Fog;gj;jpw;Fj; njspthd Kbitf; iog;Gf;fhu MWKfk;> ’ ehis ,d;dhh;
fhl;bAs;shh; mth;. tPl;by;tpUe;J’ vd epidT gLj;j Ntz;Lk;
fijapd; fU: ‘ twpath;f;F xd;W <tNj <if’ . tpUe;J ehsd;W ‘ ,iyNghl;lhr;rp rhg;gpl thq;f’
ngah;fs; fjhghj;jpuk; %f;fg;gps;is - vd;W miof;f Ntz;Lk;.,it me;j Ch; tof;fk;
CuhUld; xl;b thoj; jaq;Fgth; thahbg; Ch; tof;fk; vijAk; gpd;gw;whky; %f;fg;gps;is
ngz;fs; - gyfhuk; nfhzh;gth;fs; rptGuk; tpUe;Jz;z miog;G tpLj;jjhy; Ch;kf;fs;
Rfthrpfs; - %f;fg;gps;is thOk; Ch; kf;fs; tpUe;Jz;z tukWj;jdh;.Viof;F ,uq;fpa ,jak;
MWKfk; (miog;gth; - tpUe;jpw;F kf;fis : %f;fg;gps;is Rfthrpfshd Cuhh; tpUe;Jz;z
miiog;gth; jtrpg;gps;is - rikay;fhuh; tutpy;iyNa vd;gjw;F tUe;jtpy;iy.
%f;fg;gps;isapd; ,ay;G: rptGuj;jpy; tho;gth; Mdhy; rikj;j czT tPzhfp tpLNk vd;W
%f;fg;gps;is. mth; gpwh; fhRf;F Mirg;glhjth; tUe;jpdhh;. miog;Gf;fhu MWKfj;ij mDg;gp
; Neh;ikahdth; nghJr; nrhj;ijr; Ruz;lhjth; ; rptGuj;ijr; Rw;wpAs;sCh;fspy; thOk; Vio
gpwiu Vkhw;whjth;. mth; tho;e;j r%fj;NjhL vspa kf;fis mioj;Jtur; nrhd;dhh;. MWKfk;
xl;b cwthlhjth;. Chpy; eilngWk; ey;yJ nrd;whh; Vio vspNahiu tpUe;Jz;zmioj;jhh;
nfl;lJfSf;Fr; nry;thh;. Mdhy; ahh; tPl;bYk; mth;fSk; te;jdh; tapwhu cz;ldh; ; kdjhu
if eidf;f khl;lhh;. ahUlDk; neUq;fpg; %f;fg;gps;isia tho;j;jpr; nrd;wdh;.

KbTiu: RfthrpfSf;F tpUe;jspg;gij tpl kq;fsj;jk;khs;. gpwh; kdijr; nrhy;yk;Gfshy;

Vio vspNahUf;F tpUe;jspg;gNj cah;thdJ Fj;jp kfpo;gts;. Nfhkjpf;F kl;Lk; khjr; rk;gsk;
vd;w nghd;nkhopia%f;fg;gps;isapd; kdk; ngWk; kUkfs; fpilj;J tpl;lhNs! jdf;F
Xtpakhfj; jPl;bf; nfhz;lJ.ePjp: Viof;F tha;j;j kUkfs; rk;ghjpf;ftpy;iyNa vd;w
,uq;FtNj ,iwtDf;Fr; nra;Ak; njhz;L. nghwhikapy; khkpahh; kdjpy; kUkfspd;
4. Ntyp rhjpiag; gw;wpa jPiaf; nfhSj;jpg; Nghl;lhs;.
me;j Neuj;jpy; mYtyfg; gzp Kbj;J te;j
fjhghj;jpuq;fs;: Nfhkjp - mtsJ kfd;>
khyjpapd; fhjpy; me;jg; Ngr;Rfs; tpOe;jd. gb
kUkfs; khyjp> Nfhkjpapd; ngz;fs; gq;f[k;>
Vwhky; Rtiug; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L epd;whs;
nrz;gfk;. Nfhkjpapd;Njhop kq;fsj;jk;khs;
khyjp.Nfhkjpapd; Gyk;gy;: ‘ khyjp ,e;j
khyjpapd; mf;fh Uf;kzp> mtsJ fztd;
nry;yg;gd;> mth;fsJ Foe;ij. tPl;bw;Fs; mbnaLj;J itj;j gpwF nrhe;j
Kd;Diu: ge;jnky;yhk; vq;f tPl;bw;F tUtjpy;iy‛ vd;W
,uh[k; fpU\;zd; ngz;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk; kq;fsj;jk;khtplk; Gyk;gpdhs; Nfhkjp. vd;d
rpf;fy;fis mtyq;fis ed;F czh;e;jth; nra;tJ nghpatq;f nrhd;d rhjp rk;gpujhak;
vd;w Ntypiaj; jhz;l KbaiyNa ! Ks;spy;
mtw;wpw;Fj; jPh;T fhz;gjpYk; ty;yth;. ‘Ntyp’
rpf;fpf; nfhz;lJ Nghy; cs;sJ vd; tho;f;if‛
vd;Dk; ,r;rpWfijapy; rhjp> kj NtWghLfspy;
Cwpg;Nghd KJik cs;sj;jpd; ,r;rpWfijapy; vd;W njhlh;e;jhs;Nfhkjp.vhpfpw nfhs;spapy;
rhjp> kj NtWghLfspy; Cwpg;Nghd KJik vz;nza;: ‘vd;djhd; gbr;rpUe;jhYk; Ntiyf;Fg;
cs;sj;jpd; czh;r;rpfisAk;> fhjypdhy; rhjp> NghdhYk; G+Tk; kz;Zk; xd;whfptpLkh?
kjk; vd;Dk; Ntypfisj; jhz;ba ,sik nrhy;Yq;f Nfhkjpak;kh? rhp mJ Nghfl;Lk;
cs;sj;jpd; Nghuhl;lq;fisAk; mofhfg; glk; cq;fs; kUkfspd; gpurtj;jpd; NghJ vd;d
gpbj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shh;. khyjp: nra;ag; NghwPq;f?mtNshl cwtpdh; vy;yhk;
khyjp gbj;jts; Ntiyf;F nry;gts; mtis cq;fs; tPl;bw;F tUthh;fNs> mf;fk;
fhjypj;Jf; ifg;gpbj;jhd; Nfhkjpapd; kfd;. gf;fnky;yhk; mrpq;fkhfg; Ngr
fhjy; kzk; nra;J kzkhiyAld; tPl;bw;F khl;lhh;fsh?‛vd;W vhpfpw jPapy; vz;nza;
mioj;J te;jhd; . Nfhkjpf;Nfh khyjpapd; Cw;WtJ Nghy kq;fsj;jk;khs; Ngrpdhs;. vd;d
NtiyAk; rk;gsKk; kl;LNk gpbj;jpUe;jd. nra;tJ? mtq;f $l ehd; vd;d
khyjpapd; FyKk; rPh;thpirAk; Nfhkjpf;F cwT nfhz;lhlth KbAk; ? gpurtj;ij
nfhQ;rKk; gpbf;ftpy;iy vdpDk; kfDf;fhf M];gj;jphpapy; itr;Rf;f Ntz;baJjhd; !
khyjpia kUkfshf Vw;Wf; mtsJ nrhe;j ge;jnky;yhk;M];gj;jphpNahl
nfhs;fpwhs;. Ntyp: te;J Nghfl;Lk; vd;W tUe;jpf; $wpdhs; Nfhkjp.
khyjpapd; fztd; njhopy; tsh;rr ; pj; jpl;l gpQ;R neQ;rpy; eQ;R :Nfhkjpapd; filrpg; ngz;
gapw;rpf;fhf Mwhapuk; iky;fSf;F mg;ghy; nrz;gfk; . (mtsJ gpQ;R neQ;rpy; rhjp
nrd;Ws;shd;. Khyjp fh;g;gKw;wpUf;fpwhs;. mts; NtWghL vd;Dk; eQ;R fye;jpUe;jJ) khbg;gbapy;
jho;e;j Fyj;jts; vd;gJ khkpahhpd; vz;zk;. mz;zp epw;gijg; ghh;j;j mts; jhaplk; mijf;
vdNt mtis rikayiwf;Fs; $wpdhs;. mijf; Nfl;l kq;fsj;jk;khs;
mDkjpg;gNj ,y;iy. khyjpf;F ,g;gb xU rl;nld;W fpsk;gptpl;lhs;.khyjp
Ntyp. Nfhkjpapd; kfs; gq;f[k; rikayiwapy; kq;fsj;jk;khisg; ghpjhgj;Jld; ghu;j;J tpl;L
Rlr; Rl g[;[p rhg;gpLtijg; ghh;j;j khyjpf;Fs; NkNy Vwpdhs;.
Xh; Vf;fk;! .GJikg; ngz;: khyjp ijhpakhd ghiyapy; xU Nrhiy :khY vd;w Fuy; Njdhf
ngz; ghujp fz;l GJikg; ngz;. vdpDk; ,dpj;jJ khyjpf;F> mJ mtspd; md;ghd
fztUf;fhf khkp ehj;jdhh;fspd;Vr;Rfisj; mf;fh Uf;kzpapd; Fuy;> mts; jd; fzth;
jhq;fpf; nfhs;fpwhs;. khkpahh; mf;fiwAld; nry;yg;gDlDk; Foe;ijAlDk; te;jpUe;jhs;.
mtisf; ftdpg;gJ $l> mtsJ cly; epiy mth;fsJ tUif ghiytdj;jpd; eLNt
ghjpj;jhy;rk;gsk; jilg;gl;L tpLNk’ vd;Dk; gRQ;Nrhiyia fz;lJNghy ,Ue;jJ khyjpf;F.
Mjq;fk; jhd; ! khyjp tpLg;G vLg;gjh? me;j Foe;ijiaf; nfhQ;rp kfpo;e;jhs; khyjp.
Ntz;lhkh? vd;gijf; $l mtsJ tisfhg;G :te;jth;fspd; tWikj; Njhw;wk;
khkpahh; jhd; KbT nra;fpwhs;.kq;fsj;jk;khs;: Nfhkjpf;F vhpr;riy je;jJ. mij kiwj;Jf;
Nfhkjpapd; Njhop kq;fsj;jk;khs; . rhjp > kjk;> nfhz;L rphpj;jhs;. khyjpiaj; jhd;G+g;Nghy
rlq;F> rk;gpujhak; Mfpatw;iw vy;yhk; itj;jpUg;gjhf ebj;jhs;. tisf;fhg;gpw;nfd
Rl;bf;fhg;gJ jhd; kl;LNkvd vz;Zgts; tisay; nra;a khyjpapd; jha; nfhLj;jDg;gpa
,uz;LE}W &gha; Nehl;Lfis thq;fpf;
nfhz;lhs;. mJ jd; jhapd; ePz;l ehisa
Nrkpg;G vd;gJ khyjpf;Fj; njhpAk;.te;jth;fs; mioj;J te;jhd;.mtNdh ,oT tPl;bw;Fg;
tpil ngw;Wr; nrd;whh;fs;.NtypAk; Ks;Sk;: nghUj;jk; ,y;yhj Njhw;wj;JlDk;> Jaur; rhay;
‘vd;d khyjp gLj;jpl;l? clk;G rhpapy;iyah? ,y;yhjtdhfTk; fhzg;gl;lhd;. jdf;Fr;
kaf;fk; th;w khjphp ,Uf;fpwjh? vYkpr;rk;gok; rhjfkhfg; Ngrp gpzj;ij vLj;Jr; nry;y
gpope;J nfhLj;JmDg;GfpNwd; ; ,urk; rhjk; rpyUf;F ‘jz;zPh; Cw;wp’ mioj;J te;jpUe;jhd;.
fiuj;Jj; jUfpNwd; ; eP xd;Wk; rikayiwg; Mdhy; gz;izGuNkhFbg;gof;fk; ,y;yhj
gf;fk; tu Ntz;lhk;‛ vd;whs; Nfhkjp.,J kf;fs; thOk; Ch;. mjdhy; kf;fs; Ntid Ch; Page
khkpahh; mtSf;F ,l;l Ntyp. khkpahhpd; me;jg; vy;iyapNy kwpj;J epWj;jpdh;. vq;fs; | 25
Ngr;R khyjpia Ks;sha;f; Fj;jpaJ.gzj;jpw;F CUf;Fte;J tpl;Bh;fs;! mo Ntz;bath;fs;
VJ Ntyp:,e;j khjk; rk;gsg; gzk; vd;dhr;R? Ngha; mOq;fs;! Mdhy; me;j mk;khit CUf;F
ghy;fhud; Kd;gzk; Nfl;fpwhd;? eP xd;Wk; vLj;Jr; nry;y kl;Lk;epidf;fhjPh;fs; vd;W
vOe;jpUf;f Ntz;lhk;. vq;Nf fz;bg;Gld; $wpdh;.jdghf;fpak;:md;dfhKtpd;
,Uf;fpwJ vd;W nrhd;dhy; NghJk; ehd; vLj;Jf; eLkfs; jdghf;fpak; fij Mrphpahplk; ‘khkh
nfhs;fpNwd;‛ vd;whs; Nfhkjp. ’ngl;bapy; cq;fSf;F Nrjp nrhd;d nfhQ;r
Nriyf;F mbapy;,Uf;fpwJ‛ vd;W khyjp Neuj;jpNyNacaph; Ngha; tpl;lJ. mg;NghJ ,uT
nrhy;y khkpahh; mij vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhs;. 9 kzp ,Uf;Fk;. epidT ,Uf;Fk; tiu cq;fs;
gpwe;j tPl;by; khyjp xUkhjr; rk;gsj;ijf; ngaiur; nrhy;yp> ePq;f te;j
$l KOrhf; nfhLj;jjpy;iy. GFe;j tPl;bNyh gpwF jhd; vd;idj; J}f;fZk;> vd;W mk;kh
xU khjr; rk;gsj;ijf; $l mts; jdf;nfd nrhd;dhq;f‛ vd;whs;.rhkpahug;gd;:rhkpahug;gd;
itj;Jf; nfhs;sKbatpy;iy. Jauj;jpw;Fg; gjpy; md;dfhKtpd; fzth;. ,oT tPl;bd; mwpFwpfs;
khyjpf;Fr; rphpg;Gj;jhd; te;jJ. vJTk; ,y;yhky; mq;Fkpq;Fk;
,e;jr;rKjhaj;jpy; kdpjh;fSf;Fj; jhd; miye;Jnfhz;bUe;jhh;. Fbkfd; fdfuhR> Va;
NtypAk;Ks;Sk;> gzj;jpw;F NtypAk; ,y;iy ,tiug; ghh;j;jh me;j mk;khNthl fzth;D
Ks;Sk; ,y;iy vd epidj;jhs;. NjhZjh? ,th; Vd; xU,lj;jpy; ,y;yhk mq;Fk;
KbTiu: ,q;Fkhf miyawhU?‛ vd;whd;mjhNd‛! vd;w
,d;Wk; rhjp> kjk; vd;Dk; rjpfs; - Ntypfs;- rpd;duhR> ‘khkh ePq;f me;j mk;khTf;F vd;d
kf;fisg; gphpj;J itj;Jr; rjpuhl;lk; NghLfpwJ. cwT Ntz;Lk;?‛ vd;whd; fpz;lyhf! ,oTtPl;by;
md;Gjhd;tho;f;ifapd; Mzp Nth;. md;gpw;F Ngrf; $lhjh me;jf; Nfypg;Ngr;irj; Jz;bj;J>
Ntypfs; ,y;iy. midtUk; ,ij czh;e;jhy; ‘khkh! vy;yhUf;Fk; Nrjpiar; nrhy;ypahr;rh?‛
cyfpy; mikjpAk; kfpo;rr ; pAk; vd;W Mrphpah;Nfl;lhh;.,uhk; Fkhh;:
epyTk; vd;w cz;ik ,e;jf; fijapd; %yk; %j;j khg;gps;is (ky;ypfhtpd; fzth;)
czh;j;jg;gLfpwJ.ePjp : gpwg;gpy; cah;T jho;T ,uhk;Fkhh; vy;NyhUf;Fk; Nghd; Nghl;L
fUJtJ ngUq;Fw;wk; nrhy;ypl;lhU‛ vd;whh; rhkpahug;gd;.filrpapNy
5.kfd; nrhe;j kfid tpl;L tpl;Bh;fNs‛ vd;W
md;dfhK - rhkpahug;gd;> %j;j kfs; ky;ypfh> FWf;fpl;lhd; rpd;duhR. ‘kfdh mtid
eLkfs; jdghf;fpak; > kfd;> ky;ypfhtpd; fzth; md;iwf;NfjiyKOfpahr;Nr‛ vd;whu;.
,uhk;Fkhh;>nghpak;kh> Fbkfd;fs; fdfuhR> ,Wjpr; rlq;F:md;dfhKtpw;F vz;nza;>
rpd;duhR> Mrphpah; gh. nrag;gpufhrk;. rpiff;fha; itf;fpw rlq;F ele;jJ. ky;ypfhtpd;
Kd;Diu: ngupak;kh xt;nthUtu; ifapYk;mijf; nfhLf;f>
rPuhl;bg; ghuhl;b tsh;f;Fk; ngw;wth;fis tPl;il xt;nthUtuhf te;J me;jr; rlq;ifr; nra;jdu;.
tpl;L tpul;Lk; gps;isfs; epiwe;J tpl;l fhykPJ. G+idg;Nghyg; gJq;fp te;jhd; kfd;.
Gw;wPry; NghyKjpNahu; ,y;yq;fs; Kisj;J ifiaePl;bdhd;. ngupak;kh nfhLf;f Kw;gl;lhu;.
epw;Fk; fhykpJ. md;dfhK - rhkpahug;gd; %j;j kfs; ky;ypfh mtsJ ifiaj; jl;b
jk;gjpah; kfdhy; tPl;il tpl;Ltpul;lg;gl;ldh;. tpl;lhs;. capUld; tho;e;jNghJ ngw;wtisg;
md;dhfhK jhd; gpwe;J tsh;e;j Cuhd Ngzplhj mtidg; ngz;fs; kwpj;J
gz;izGuj;jpw;Nf fztDld; te;J Nrh;e;jhs;. epd;wdh;.RLfhl;by;:RLfhl;by; md;dfhKtpd;
me;jjha; ,we;j epiyapy; elf;Fk; mtyq;fis cly; fplj;jg;gl;lJ. ‘mtid tpLq;fa;ah>
Mrphpah; mUikahfr; rpj;jhpj;Js;shh;. nfhs;sp itf;fl;Lk;‛ vd;W ngupatu;
kfd;: xUtu;$wpdhh;. ‘mtd; nfhs;spf;Flk; vLj;jhy;
jha; ,we;Jtpl;l nra;jp Nfl;L> kfd; GJ}hpy; ehq;fs; ahUk; Flk; nfhj;j khl;Nlhk;‛ vd;wdh;
,Ue;J gz;izGuj;jpw;F Ml;fis Ntd; epiwa kUkfd;fs;.

Jzpe;j ky;ypfh:%j;j kfs; ky;ypfh vq;f 17. Blood is thicker than water
mk;khTf;F ehNd nfhs;sp itf;fpNwd;‛ vd;W jhdhlh tpl;lhYk; jd; jir MLk;
nfhs;spf; Flj;ijj; J}f;fpdhu;. %j;j 18. Calm before the storm GaYf;F Kd; mikjp
kUkfd; ,uhk;Fkhu; Flj;ijf; nfhj;jpdhu;. (my;yJ) Gyp gJq;FtJ gha;tjw;F
gPwpl;L te;j jz;zPu; kz;iz eidj;jJ. jhapd; 19. Cast no pearls before swine
jiykhl;by; Flj;ijcilj;jhs;. ’jpUk;gpg; fOijf;Fj; njhpAkh fw;G+u thrid?
ghu;f;fhky; el‛ vd;w ngupak;khTld; ele;jhs;. 20. Do in Rome Romans do
KbTiu: tajhd ngw;Nwhiug; Ngzpg; ghJfhf;f CUld; xj;J tho;
Ntz;ba kfNd mtu;fisg; Gwf;fzpj;jhd;.
21. Distance lands enchantment to the view
mtid ,Wjprlq;F nra;a tplhky; xU fpuhkNk
,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir
Gwf;fzpj;jJ epahaNk ! ,e;j kfDf;F
kl;Lky;y ! ngw;wtu;fisg; 22. East or West home its the best
Gwf;fzpf;Fk;xt;nthU kfDf;Fk; tpOk; rhpahd vyp tisahdhYk; jdp tis Ntz;Lk;
rhl;ilab ,e;jf; fij !ePjp: jha; je;ijaiug; 23. Empty vessels make much noise
Ngzpf; fhf;f Ntz;Lk; FiwFlk; $j;jhLk;
V1vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F kl;Lk; tpilvoJf 24. Every vessels make much noise
(16-21) 3x2=6 rhz; Vwpdhy; Kok; rWf;Fk;
25. Every ass loves his bray
1. A friend in need is a friend in friend in deed.
fhf;iff;Fk; jd; FQ;R nghd; FQ;R
Mgj;jpy; cjTgtNd cz;ik ez;gd;
26. Every homes some times nods
2. A little knowledge is dangerous
Midf;Fk; mb rWf;Fk;
miu Fiw mwpT Mgj;jhdJ
27. Face is the index of the mind
3. A law maker should not be a law breaker mfj;jpd;moF Kfj;jpy; njhpAk;
NtypNa gapiu Nkayhkh? 28. Familiarity breeds contempt
4. A penny saved is a penny gained gofg; gofg; ghYk; Gspf;Fk;
rpW Jsp ngUnts;sk;
29. Failure is the stepping stone to success
5. A young calf knows not fear Njhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;F Kjy; gb
,sq;fd;W gakwpahJ
30. God is love md;Ng flTs;
6. A man of courage never wants weapons
31. Honest is the best policy
ty;ytDf;Fg; Gy;Yk; MAjk;
Neh;ikNa rpwe;j nfhs;if
7. A little stream will drive a light mill
32. Haste makes waste gjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk;
rpW JUk;Gk; gy; Fj;j cjTk;
33. Knowledge is power mwpNt Mw;wy;
8. Adding fuel to the flame
vhpfpw neUg;gpy; vz;nza; Cw;whNj 34. Look before you leap
9. All covet all loss (or) Covet all lose all Mok; njhpakhky; fhiy tplhNj
Nguhir ngU e\;lk; 35. Let every man praise the bridge he goes over
10. All that glitters is not gold cg;gpl;ltiu cs;ssTk; epid
kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y 36. Love is God md;Ng flTs;
11. An artist lives every where 37. Man proposes God disposes md;Ng flTs;
fw;NwhUf;Fr; nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; rpwg;G 38. Make hay while the sun shines
12. Art is long and the life is short fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf; nfhs;
fy;tp fiuapy fw;gth; ehs; rpy 39. Money makes many things gzk; gj;Jk;
13. As is the king so are his subjects nra;Ak;
murd; vt;topNah kf;fs;mt;top 40. No rain go gain khhpay;yhJ fhhpakpy;iy
14. As you row so shall you reap 41. No pain no gain ciog;gpd;wp Cjpakpy;iy
tpid tpijj;jtd; tpid mWg;ghd; 42. Necessity has no law Mgj;jpw;Fg; ghtkpy;iy
jpid tpijj;jtd; jpidmWg;ghd; 43. Necessity has no law Mgj;jpw;Fg; ghtkpy;iy
15. Barking dog seldom bites 44. Necessity is the mother of invention
Fiuf;fpd;w eha; fbf;fhJ NjitNa fz;Lgpbg;gpd; jha;
16. Birds of the same feather flock together 45. One flower makes no garland jdpkuk;
,dk; ,dj;NjhL NrUk; Njhg;ghfhJ
46. Prevention is better than cure. 2. gonkhop: ‘rpW JUk;Gk; gy;Fj;j
nts;sk; tUk; Kd miz NghL (my;yJ) tUk; cjTk;’
Kd; fhg;gNj Nky; czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : rpwpa nghUs; vd;W
47. Practice makes one perfect vjidAk; ,fof; $lhJ. cyfpy; cs;s
tplh Kaw;rpNa xUtid rpwe;jjhf;Fk; xt;nthU nghUSf;Fk;gad;ghL cz;L.tho;tpay;
48. Self help is the best help jd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp epfo;T :vq;fs; mz;il tPl;Lf;fhuh; Nehahsp. Page
49. Slow and steady with the race mth; jpdKk; jdf;Fj; jhNd Crp Nghl;Lf; | 27
nghWj;jhhh; G+kp Ms;thh; nfhs;thh;. fhypahdFg;gpia vq;fs; tPl;bd;
50. Strike the rod while it is list vy;iyf;Fs; J}f;fpg; Nghl;L tpLthh; ‘ cd;
fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf; nfhs; kUe;J ghl;by; Fg;igia Vda;ahvd;
51. Too much of anything is good for nothing. tPl;Lf;Fs;NghLw vd;W vq;fs; mg;gh mthplk;
msTf;F kpQ;rpdhy; mKjKk; eQ;rhFk;. fLikahfg; NgRtJ cz;L mth; Nfl;gNj
52. Tit for tat. gopf;Fg; gop. ,y;iy. me;jr; rpWFg;gpfis xU
rhf;Fg; igapy; ehd; Nrh;j;J itf;fj;
53. To err is human, to forgive is divine. njhlq;fpNdd;. mg;ghtpd; rz;ilf;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp
jtW nra;tJ kdpj ,ay;G. kd;dpg;gJ nja;t itf;fg;gl;lJ. vq;fs;gs;spapy; tPzhFk;
,ay;G. nghUs;fspy; fiyg;nghUs; cUthf;Fk; Nghl;b
54. The more haste the worse speed. ele;jJ. vd;dplk; ,Ue;j me;j kUe;Jf;
gjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk;. Fg;gpfisf; nfhz;L jh[;kfhy; fl;blk;
55. Truth alone triamphs. tha;ikNa nty;Yk;. cUthf;fpNdd;. fz;Nlhh;tpae;jdh;.Nghl;beLth;fs;
56. The pen is thicker than the sword. ,e;jf; Fg;gpfis ,g;gbg; gad;gLj;jyhkh?
tha; Kidia tpl ngdh Kid mofhf cs;sNj! vd;W ghuhl;bdhh;. Kjw;ghpRk;
vii 1x4=4 vdf;Ff; fpilj;jJ ntw;wpr; rhd;wpjiomg;ghtplk;
;1. gonkhop: ‘Kaw;rp jpUtpid Mf;Fk;’ fhz;gpj;Njd;. mth; vd;id mizj;Jf; nfhz;L
czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : Kaw;rpiaf; iftplhky; ‘rpW JUk;Gk; gy;Fj;j cjTk; vd;gij
njhlh;e;J nra;jhy; tho;tpy; cah;T fpl;Lk;. nka;g;gpj;J tpl;lhalh‛ vd;W ghuhl;bdhh;.
tho;tpay; epfo;T : ehd; Mwhk; tFg;G gapd;W 3. gonkhop: ‘Mapuk; fhf;iff;F xU fy;’
nfhz;bUe;j NghJ Gjpa khztdhfr; Nrh;e;jhd;. czh;j;Jk; nghUs;: kdtypikaw;w kdpjh;fspd;
mtd; ,Jtiu rhpahfg; gbf;fhjjdhy; tFg;gpy; xw;Wikia vspjhf mopj;J tplyhk;.
‘mtd; Mq;fpyk; thrpj;jhYk; jkpo; thrpj;jhYk; tho;tpay; epfo;T :vq;fs;mg;gh
jtwhf mtd; thrpg;gijf; Nfl;L tFg;Ng xUnjhopw;rhiyapy; vOj;juhfg; ;gzpahw;Wfpwhh;.
rphpf;Fk;’. Mdhy; mtd; mjw;fhf ,e;j Mz;L ey;y cw;gj;jp> vdNtjq;fSf;F
ntl;fg;gltpy;iy. gs;sp Kbe;jJk; vd;idg; gz;biff;Fg; ghpRj; njhif Fiwe;jJ 5000
Nghd;W ed;whf thrpf;ff; $ba khzth;fsplk; &gha; toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W njhlh;
gofp thrpf;ff; fw;whd;. mtd; gs;spapd; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Copah;fs;Fjpj;jdh;. eph;thfpfs;
Njhl;lq;fspYk; tay;ntspfspYk; jdpikapy; Nghuhl;lj;ijf; fz;L nfhs;shjjhy; Copah;fs;
epd;WNkilapy; NgRtJ Nghy; cuf;f Ngrpg; jq;fs; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fNshL njhlh;
gofpdhd;.gs;spg; Nguitapd; nghWg;ghrphpalk; cz;zh tpujg; Nghl;bapy; <Lgl;ldh;. Nghuhl;lk;
‘xNu xU Kiw tha;g;igf; nfhLq;fs; jaT jPtpuk; mile;jJ. epiyikia czh;e;j
nra;J jaT nra;J‛ vd;WnfQ;rpdhd;. md;W eph;thfk; &gha; 3000jUtjhfTk; khjk; khjk; 10
jPghtspj; jpUehisg; gw;wp Ngrpdhd;. Nfl;Nlhh; ‘ fpNyh mhprpjUtjhfTk; $wpaJ. ,ijf;
ek;kuh[;Fkhuh?‛ vd;W tpae;jdh;. md;W Nfl;lJk; ngz;fs;$l;lk;Nghuhl;lj;ijf;iftpl;lJ.
Kjy; jkpohrphpah;fs;mtisg; gy Nghl;bfSf;F ciog;ghspfSf;F khjk; khjk; fpilf;fg;
mDg;gpdhh;. ngUk;ghyhd Nghl;bfspy; ntd;w NghFk; mhprpia vz;zpg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J
uh[;Fkhh; ,g;NghJ12 Mk; tFg;G gbf;fpd;whd;. tpyfpf;nfhz;lhh;. kWehs; vy;yhj;
gs;spapy; ,d;W mtd; Gfo; Ngrhjth; njhopyhsh;fspd; tPLfSf;fk; mhprp te;J
xUtUkpyh;. mtDk; gs;spf;Fg;ngUik Nrh;f;Fk; Nrh;e;jJ. md;W gpw;gfNynjhopw;rhiyf;Ftof;fk;
jiykhzhf;fdhf vq;fNshL gapd;W nfhz;L NghyNt Copah;fs; nrd;W tpl;ldh;.Mapuk;
,Uf;fpwhd; fhf;fifs; - njhopyhsh;fs;FLk;gj;jpdh;xU fy; -
xt;nthU tPl;bw;Fk; te;j 10 fpNyh mhprp
4. gonkhop: ‘msTf;F kPwpdhy; mKjKk; eQ;R’

czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : kdpjDf;F ed;ik jUk; czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : mUfpy; fpilf;Fk;

nghUisAk; msNthL gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. tho;tpay; ,d;gq;fistpl Ntw;W ,lj;jpy;
mstpw;F kPwpdhy; ed;ikNa jPikahf khwptpLk;. njhiytpy;fpilf;Fk; ,d;dgk; kpf cah;e;jjhf
tho;tpay; epfo;T :vd; ez;gd; Fkhh; mtd; xU khaj; Njhw;wk; Njhd;Wk;.tho;tpay; epfo;T
ed;whfg; gbg;ghd;. jhd;,d;Dk; ed;F gbf;f :vd; mz;zd; utprq;fh; kUj;Jtf;
fzpdp thq;fpj; thq;fpj; ,jdhy;xU ehisf;Fg; fy;Y}hpapy;Kjy; khztdhf ntw;wp ngw;WWit
gykzp Neuq;fs; fzpdpNahL Neuj;ijr; rpfpr;ir epGzUf;Fhpa cah; fy;tpiaAk;
nrytpl;lhd;. fzpapy; nghwpapay; fy;tp gapd;W fw;whd;. xU nghpa jdpahh; kUj;Jt kidapy;
cldbahfey;y Ntiyapy; Nrh;e;J if epiwa khjk; &gha; 50>000rk;gsj;jpy; gzpahw;w
rk;ghjpj;jhd;. jpBnud;W xUehs; ‘ fz; vd;mz;zd; miof;fg;gl;lhd;. xU Mz;L mq;F
njhpatpy;iy‛ vd;whd; Fkhh;.mtidg;ghpNrhjpj;j gzpahw;wpdhd;. cld; gzpahsh;fSk;cah;
kUj;Jth; ,th; ,uT gfy; vd;W njhlh;e;J kUj;Jth;fSk; mtidg; ghuhl;bdh;.
Xa;tpd;wp fzpdpapy; gzpahw;wpajpy; ,thpd; mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,e;jpa kUj;Jth;fSk; khjr;
fz;rhh;e;jeuk;Gfs; nraypoe;J ktpl;ljhfTk;> rk;gsk; Fiwe;jJ 2 ,yl;rk;vd;gijAk; ,ju
kPz;Lk; ey;y ghh;ittUtJ fbdk; vd;wdh;. trjp tha;g;GfSk; cz;L vd;Wk; ez;gh;fs;
Fkhh; Ntiyia ,oe;J> ,g;NghJtPl;by; $wpaijf; Nfl;L mnkhpf;fh nrd;whd;. mtDf;F
,Uf;fpwhh;. mkpo;Jfzpdpahy; tho;tpy; epA+ahh;f;fpy; xU jdpahh; kUj;Jt kidapy;
cah;e;jJ.eQ;R - ghh;itia ,oe;jJ. Ntiy fpilj;jJ. khjr; rk;gsk; 3 ,yl;rk;
5. gonkhop: ‘xUghid Nrhw;Wf;F xU NrhW vy;NyhUk; mtd; tho;T,dpNky; nropg;ghf
gjk;’ ,Uf;Fnkd;W vz;zpNdhk;. mq;Fs;s rpukq;fis
czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : xU kpfg;nghpa FOtpdhpd; mDgtpj;J tpl;L ,uz;L Mz;LfSf;F
gz;G eyd;fis xUtiuf; nfhz;Nl cyfk; gpwF mnkhpf;fhit tpl;L kPz;Lk; jhd;
mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk;.tho;tpay;epfo;Tvd;NdhLtFg;gpy; gzpahw;wpa kUj;JkidapNy gzpf;Fr; Nrh;e;jhd;.
gbf;Fk; fhh;j;jpNfad; 8>9 Mk; tFg;G gapd;w vd mz;zDf;F,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir
NghJ Njrpa khzth; gilapy; ,Ue;jdh;.11> 12 vd;gijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s ,uz;L tUlk; MdJ .
tFg;Gfspy; ehl;L eyg;gzpj;jpl;j;jpy; Nrh;e;J ,f;fiu - ,e;jpahtpy; kUj;Jtg; gzpmf;fiu -
Nrit nra;fpwhd;. ,uz;L thuq;fSf;F Kd; mnkhpf;fhtpy; kUj;Jtg; gzp
mtd; fpuhkj;jpy;,Ue;J gs;sp tUfpd;w topapy; 7. gonkhop: ‘tpisAk; gaph; KisapNy njhpAk;’
xU fy;Y}hp khztd;. ,U rf;u thfdj;NjhL czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : xU kdpjdpd; rpwe;j
kaq;fpf; fple;jhd;. kf;fs; $l;lk; gz;GfSk; jpwikfSk; mtdJ rpW gps;isg;
ghh;j;Jtpl;L mtuth; gzpfSf;Fr; nrd;wdh;. gUtj;jpNy ntspg;gLk;.tho;tpay; epfo;Tfs; :
mq;F te;j fhh;j;jpNfad; clNd xU &gha; kJiuapy; mJ tWikapy; thba FLk;gk;
fl;lzj; njhiyNgrpapy;fhty;Jiwf;Fk; me;jf; FLk;gj;jpy; fWg;G ituk; Nghy
mbg;gl;l,isQhpd; tPl;bw;Fk; mLj;j miukzp vl;lhtjhf xU Mz;Foe;ij gpwe;jJ. gs;spg;
Neuj;jpw;Fs; mtdpd; FLk;gj;jhUk; fhtyh;fSk; gUtj;jpy; me;jf; Foe;ij gy ghpRfisAk;
te;J tpgj;Jf; fhg;G thfdj;jpy; ngw;W mk;khtplk; nfhLj;jJghpR gzkhf
kUj;Jtkidf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;wdh;. chpa ,Ue;jhy; ,tDf;F ,d;Dk;ey;y czT
Neuj;jpy; kUj;Jt kidf;Ff; nfhz;L nfhLg;NgNd!‛vd;W me;j mk;kh kdjpw;Fs;
nrd;wdh;. chpa Neuj;jpy; kUj;Jt kidf;Fr; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;lhs;. mtd; tsh;e;J jdJ
nrd;wjhy; me;j ,isQh; caph; gpioj;jhd;. Ngr;rhw;wyhy; kJiu mnkhpf;fd;fy;Y}hpapy;
kfpo;e;j mtdJ jha;> fhh;j;jpNfaDf;F xU Nguhrphpauhdhh;. gpwF ahtUk; tpUk;gpf;
iff;fbfhuk; nfhz;L te;jpUe;jhh;. Nfl;Fk;gb ciuahw;Wk; Ngr;rhsuhdhh;. gl;bkd;w
fhh;j;jpNfaNdhjhd;nra;a Ntz;ba flikiaj; eLtuhdhh;.gps;isg; gUtj;jpy; ,thplk; ,Ue;j
jhd;nra;jjhfTk; mjw;Fg; ghpR Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; Ngr;rhw;wy; ,d;W ,tiu cyfk; mwpej; cah;e;j
kWj;J tpl;lhd;. me;j jhNahcq;fs; Ngr;rhsuhfg; Nghw;Wk; epiyj;Jf;
gs;spjd;dykw;w Nrit nra;Ak; nfhz;L te;Js;sJ mth; jhd; gl;bkd;wj;jpy;
khzth;fiscUthf;Ffpd;wJ vd;gjw;F ,e;j Gfo; ngw;w jpU. rhykd; ghg;igahmth;fs;
xU khztNd NghJk;‛vd;W $wp fhh;j;jpNfaid mtuJ CUk; cwTk;tpisAk; gaph; KisapNy
tho;j;jpdhh;.xU ghid - gs;sp njhpe;jJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. tpisAk; gaph; -
xU NrhW - khztd; fhh;j;jpNfad; Ngr;rhw;wy; epiwe;j vl;lhtJ gps;is
6. gonkhop: ‘,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir’ tpise;jgaph; - cyF Nghw;Wk; jpU. rhykd;
ghg;igah
8. gonkhop: ‘Njhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;Fg; gbj;jy;’
czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : Njhy;tpf;F chpa kfpTk; ey;yJ vd;fpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; mjw;F vd;d
fhuzj;ij Muha Kad;wtUf;F me;jj; nra;tJ vd;W njhpatpy;iy‛ vd;W
Njhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;Fhpa topfis mikf;Fk;. $wptUe;jJthd;. vq;fs; mg;gh gbf;fhj tptrhap
tho;tpay; epfo;T :vd;NdhL 10 Mk; tFg;gpy; vd;gjhy;> vd;mz;zDf;F ,J gw;wp mg;gh
gapd;wtd; mUz; mtd; nghJj; Njh;tpy; cjt ,aytpy;iy.vq;fs; njUtpw;F mLj;j
Njhw;Wg; Nghdhd;. tPl;bNy Klq;fpmOJ njUtpy; xU khztd;IIT ,y; Nrh;e;J gbj;J
nfhz;bUe;jhd; mtdJ mk;kh vd; tPl;bw;F te;jhd;. mtdpd; ngw;Nwhh;fsplk; vg;gbr;Nrh;tJ? Page
te;J mtid MWjy; gLj;jr; nrhd;dhs;. vq;nfq;F gapw;rpf;Fr; nry;tJ vd;nwy;yhk; | 29
mtdplk; ehd;nrd;Nwd;tho;tpay; Njhy;tpAw;W mz;zd; Nfl;lhd; mth;fs; rhpahfg; gjpy;
ntd;w mwptpaypd; je;ij Id;];Bd; gw;wp vLj;J nrhy;ytpy;iy.gpwF ,izajsj;jpy; jfty;fis
nrhd;Ndd;. eP Njhw;wjw;fhdfhuzj;ijf; mf;fh Nrfhpj;jhs. 11 Mk; tFg;G tpLKiwapy;
fz;Lgpb. mJNt cd; ntw;wpf;F Kjw;gb nrd;idapy; cs;s gapw;rpf;
vd;Nwd;. Fwpg;gpl;l Nfs;tpfis kl;Lk; Njh;e;J $lk; nrd;W IIT EioTj; Njh;tpw;Fg; gbj;jhs;.
vLj;Jg;gbj;J> kw;w Nfs;tpfisgl; gbf;fhky; 12 - Mk; tFg;G Kbj;j gpwFk; gapw;rpf;Fr;
,Ue;jJ jhd; - jdJ Njhy;tpf;Ff; fhuzk; nrd;whs;.nrd;idapy; mjw;Fhpa EioTj;
vd;whd;. ntF Neuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;eP ed;whf gbj;J Njh;tpy; ntd;W ,d;W IIT khztpahf mf;fh
vOjpg; ghh;f;f ehd; vy;yh topfspYk; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhs;.gpwiu ek;Gtij tpl
cjTfpNwd; vd;W cWjp mspj;Njd;. mt;thNw ek;ik ek;g Ntz;Lk; vDk; ghlj;ij vd;
mtdJ 10Mk; tFg;Gj; Njh;tpw;F mtDf;F mf;fhtplk; ,Ue;J ehd; fw;Wf; nfhz;Nld;.
cjtpahf ,Ue;Njd;.Njhy;tp - Njh;e;J vLj;Jg; 11. gonkhop ‘kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y’czh;j;Jk;
gbj;Jntw;wp - vy;yhk; gbj;jjhy; te;jJ nghUs; : Gfo;ngWtd vy;yhk; nka;ahdit
9. gonkhop : ‘xd;W gl;lhy; cz;l my;y NghypfSk; cz;Ltho;tpay; epfo;T :
tho;T‘ czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : cyfpy; kdpjh;fs; vq;fs; Ngl;ilapy; ,uz;L Mz;lfSf;F Kd;G
ghG vd;gth; jdpahh; Nrkpg;G tq;fpxd;iwj;
xd;W $b xU nraiyr; nra;jhy; mjpy; ntw;wp
njhlq;fpdhh;. ‘Njrpa tq;fpfs; toq;Ftij tpl
fpl;Lk;.tho;tpay; epfo;T :vq;fs; tPl;bw;F Kd;
njUtpd; rhf;fil XLfpwJ. ,uz;L ehl;fshf mjpf tl;b jUNthk;‛ vd;W Cnuq;Fk; tpsk;guk;
VNjh milj;Jj; Jh;ehw;wk; tPrj;njhlq;fpaJ. vd; nra;jhh;.vq;fs; gFjp kf;fs; cioj;J
mg;gh efuhl;rp mYtyfk; nrd;W rhf;filiar; cioj;Jr; Nrh;j;j gzj;ij me;jj; jdpahh;
Rj;jk; nra;a tpz;zg;gk; tq;fpapy; $Ljy; tl;bf;F Mirg;gl;LKjyPL
nfhLj;jhh;.ghprPypg;gjhfTk; tpiutpy; eltbf;if nra;jdh;. NkYk; me;j ghG Njrpa tq;fpfis
vLg;gjhfTk; mjpfhhpfs; gjpy; $wpdhh;fNs jtpu tplf; Fiwe;j tl;bf;F xd;W ,uz;L NgUf;F
%d;W ehl;fs; MfpAk;rhf;filiar; Rj;jk; fld; $lf;nfhLj;jhh;. ‘,J mUikahd tq;fp’
nra;a tutpy;iy. kWehs; vd; mg;gh vq;fs; vd;W kf;fs; ek;gp> mjpy; Vuhskhd gzj;ij
gFjpapy; ,Ue;j vy;yh tPl;bdiuAk; KjyPL nra;jdh;. Mdhy; nrd;wkhjj;jpy; xU
re;jpj;JtPl;bw;F xUth; tpfpjk; jd;NdhL kw;nwhU ehs; ghGtpd; FLk;gk; Ciu tpl;Nl nrd;W
kDitf; nfhLf;f tUkhW mioj;jhh;. tpl;lJ. gzk; Nghl;bUe;j kf;fs; fhty;
Vwf;Fiwa 200 Ngh; Nrh;e;JxU $l;L tpz;zg;gk; epiyaj;jpd;Kd;G epd;W fjwp mOjdh;.
vOjp khefuhl;rpf;F nrd;wdh;. $l;lj;ijg; ‘kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y vd;W ek; Kd;Ndhh;
ghh;j;jNkyjpfhhpNa Nehpy; te;J nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jij mwpahky; ,g;gb Vkhe;J
eltbf;ifvLg;gjhfTk; cWjp $wpdhh;. md;W tpl;Bh;fNs ehd; jFe;j eltbf;if vLf;fpNwd;‛
gpw;gfy; 2 kzpf;F efuhl;rp Copah;fs; te;J vd;W $wp fhty;Jiw Ma;thsh;
rhf;fil milg;Gfis ePf;fpRj;jg;gLj;jpdh;. kf;fismikjpg;gLj;jpdhh;.
vq;fs; efhpd; Jh;ehw;wk; ePq;fpaJ. vd; mg;gh 12. gonkhop : ‘fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wp nfhs;’
jd;Dld; te;jth;fSf;F ed;wp $wpdhhh;.jdp czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fpd;w
tpz;zg;gk; - Njhy;tp$l;L tpz;zg;gk; - ntw;wp NghNj KOikahfg; gad;gLj;jp ntw;wpnfhs;.
10. gonkhop - ‘jd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp’ tho;tpay; epfo;T : vq;fs; gFjpapy; Maj;j
czh;j;Jk; cz;ik : jd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf Milafk; itj;jpUg;gth; Ntyd;. ,th; jPghtsp
jhNd fhuzkhf Ntz;Lk; vd;W Kad;W tho;f. tug;NghFk;xU khjj;jpw;F Kd;Ng kpFjpahd
tho;tpay; epfo;T :vd; mz;zd; jPgd; 11 Mk; tpsk;guq;fisf; nfhLg;ghh;. tpahghuj;jpw;F
tFg;gpy; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. mts; ed;whfg; ,t;tsT tpsk;guk; Njitah? ‚vd;W mth;
gbg;ghs;. mtd; ‘IIT,y; Nrh;e;J gbj;jhy; kidtp Nfl;ghh;.‘ jPghtsp KbfpwJf;Fs;Ns

rk;ghjpj;jhy; jhd; cz;L vd;W nrhy;Yk; mth; 24. ek; Njrpaf; nfhbapy; %tz;zk; cs;sJ
jPghtspf;F xU thuk; Kd;G Vuhskhd ghpRj; ek; Njrpaf; nfhbapy; %tz;zq;fs;cs;sd.
jpl;lq;fis mwptpj;jhh;. tpw;gidiag; 25. ehd; xU Gjpa E}y; xd;W thq;fpNdd;
ngUf;fpdhh;. jPghtspf;F Ke;ija ehd; xU Gjpa E}y; thq;fpNdd;.
ehs;mjpubj;js;Sgb vd;W kpff; Fiwe;j 26. khztu;fs; fy;tpawpT xOf;fj;jpw; rpwe;J
tpiyf;F Maj;j Milfis tpw;whh;. Fiwthf tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;.khzth;fs; fy;tpawptpYk;
,yhgk; itj;J tpw;fpwPh;fNs‛vd;W tUj;jj;NjhL xOf;fj;jpYk; rpwe;J tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;
Nfl;Fk; kidtpaplk; kf;fs; Jzp thq;fpwNj 27. mth;jhd; $wpdhh; ,th;jhd; $wpdhh; vd;W
jPghtspf;F kl;Lk; jhd; me;j Neuk; ghuhJ vth; jhd; $wpdhYk; nka;g;nghUs;fhz;f.
vt;tsTtpahghuk; nra;a KbANkh mt;tsT mth;jhk; $wpdhh; ,th; jhk; $wpdhh; vd;W
tpahghuk; nra;tJ jhd; Gj;jprhypj;jdk;. ghuhJ vth;jhk; $wpdhYk; nka;g;nghUs; fhz;f.
,ijj;jhd; ek;Kila %j;Njhh;fs;fhw;Ws;s 28. ey;yitfSk; nfl;litfSk; gj;jphpiffspy;
NghNj J}w;wpf;nfhs; vd;W nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhh;fs;‛ ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd.
vd;W $wpdhh;. mth; kidtpAk; mij xg;Gf; ey;yitAk; nfl;litAk; gj;jphpigfs;
nfhz;lhs; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd.
vii 10x1=10 29. fz;zd; KUfd; kw;Wk; Ntyd; te;jdh;
fz;zd; KUfd; Ntyd; MfpNahh; te;jdh;.
thf;fpag; gpioiaj; jpUj;Jjy; 30.nrd;idf;F mUfhkapy; ,Ug;gJ fd;dpahFkhp
1. tz;bfs; XlhJ - tz;bfs; Xlh my;y.
2. mit ,q;Nf csJ- mit ,q;Nf cs nrd;idf;F mUfpy; ,Ug;gJ fd;dpahFkhpmd;W.
3. mJ vy;yhk; - mit vy;yhk; 31. jiytp jiytNdhL nrd;whh;.
4. kf;fs; fpilahJ -kf;fs; ,y;iy jiytp jiytNdhL nrd;whs;.
5.tUtJk;NghtJk; fpilahJ 32. ,jidr; nra;jth; ,tuy;yth?
tUtJk; NghtJk; fpilah ,jidr; nra;jth; ,tuy;yNuh?
6. xd;Nwh my;yJ ,uz;Nlh jUf
xd;Nwh ,uz;Nlh jUf ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf
7. nrd;id vd;w efuk; -nrd;id vd;Dk; efuk; 1. ney;ypf;fha;> jhd;wpfha; fLfha; Mfpa %d;W
8. vdJ kfd;---- vd; kfd; ruf;Ffis nfhz;lJ jpupgiy vdg;gLk;.
9. Vw;fj; jf;fJ my;y --Vw;fj; jf;fJ md;W ney;ypf;fha;> jhd;wpf;fha;> fLf;fha; Mfpa %d;W
10. mtsJ je;ij ---mts; je;ij ruf;Ffisf; nfhz;lJ jphpgiy vdg;gLk;.
11. Gyp te;jd ---Gyp te;jJ 2. nfhr;ir nrhw;fSk; t*cr; nrhw;fSk;
12. vUJfs; XbaJ ---vUJfs; Xbd kpFjpahf Goq;Ftjhy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa eilia
13. G+f;fs; kyh;e;J kzk; tPrpaJ Gwf;fzpf;f $LNkh?
G+f;fs; kyh;e;jJ kzk; tPrpd nfhr;irr; nrhw;fSk; t*c nrhw;fSk;
14. vdf;Fg; gy Ntiyfs; ,Uf;fpwJ kpFjpahff; Goq;Ftjhy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa eilia
vdf;F Ntiyfs; gy ,Uf;fpd;wd Gwf;fzpf;ff; $LNkh?
15. ,q;Fs;sJ vy;yhk; ey;y goq;fNs 3. fiyj;Jiw> nkhopJiw> kUj;JtJiw>
,q;Fs;sit vy;yhk; ey;y goq;fNs ,irJiw> rkaJiw Mfpatw;wpw;F Mgpufhk;
16. vdf;Fg; gy tPLfs; cs gz;bjh; Mw;wpa gzp nghpjd;Nwh?
vdf;F tPLfs; gy cs;sd fiyj;Jiw> nkhopj;Jiw> kUj;Jtj;Jiw>
17. ,J nghJ top my;y--- ,J nghJ topmd;W ,irj;Jiw rkaj;Jiw Mfpatw;wpw;FMgpufhk;
18. tpohtpy; gy mwpQh; Ngrpdh; gz;bjh; Mw;wpa gzp nghpjd;Nwh?
tpohtpy; mwpQh; gyh; Ngrpdh; 4. jkpopirapy; Maghiy> tl;lghiy> jphpNfhz
19.njd;wy; nky;y tPrpd --njd;wy; nky;ytPrpaJ ghiy> rJughiy vd;w ehd;F ,irKiwfs;
20. thfdj;ij ,lJ gf;fk; jpUg;ghNj ,Ue;jd. jkpopirapy; Mag;ghiy> tl;lg;ghiy>
thfdj;ij ,lg;gf;fk; jpUg;ghNj jphpNfhzg; ghiy> rJug;ghiy vd;w ehd;F
21. gj;Jg; goq;fspy; xU goNk ey;yd ,irKiwfs; ,Ue;jd.
gj;Jg; goq;fspy; xU goNk ey;yJ 5. Vl;Lr; Rtbfspy; rpj;j kUj;Jt nra;jpfs;
22. tyJ gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
tyg;gf;f Rthpy; vOjhNj Vl;Lr; Rtbfspy; rpj;j kUj;Jtr; nra;jpfs;
23. xt;nthU rpw;W}u;fspYk; Cuhl;rp cs;sJ nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
xt;nthU rpw;W}hpYk; Cuhl;rp cs;sJ 6.gl;l gfypNy ghtyh;f;F Njhd;Wk; nel;ilfdT
gl;g; gfypNy ghtyh;f;Fj; Njhd;Wk; nel;ilf;fdT
7. gjpf fpstp gy;tif nghUis njhFjpahf 23. Nfs;tpfs; khzth; gapyh gFjpapy; ,Ue;J
nrhy;Yjy; MFk;. te;jjhy; vOj njhpatpy;iy
gjpff; fpstp gy;tifg; nghUisj; njhFjpahfr; Nfs;tpfs; khzth; gapyhg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J
nrhy;Yjy; MFk;. te;jjhy; vOjj; njhpatpy;iy
8. fs;thh;f;Fj; js;Sk; caph;epiy fs;shh;f;F 24. vijAk; vOjp gof Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mrphpah;
js;shJ Gj;Njd; cyF. vdf;F nrhd;dhh;.
fs;th;f;Fj; js;Sk; caph; epiy fs;shhf;Fj; vijAk; vOjpg; gof Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mrphpah; Page
js;shJ Gj;Njd; cyF. vdf;Fr; nrhd;dhh;. | 31
9. NjUis Gutp thuz njhFjpk jpiwfs; 25. me;j rpWtd; ve;j gs;spapy; gbj;J rpwe;jhd;.
nfhz;L tuk; kd;d me;jr; rpWtd; ve;jg; gs;spapy; gbj;Jr;
NjUisg; Gutp thuzj; njhFjp jpiwfs; rpwe;jhd;.
nfhz;L tuk; kd;d 26. xl fhz;gJ nts;sk;> xLq;f fhz;gJ
10. njhd; %jhyj;J nghjpapy; Njhd;wpa ehY}h; Nahfpah; cs;sk;
Nfhrh; njhd; %jhyj;Jg; nghjpapy; Njhd;wpa Xlf; fhz;gJ nts;sk; xLq;ff; fhz;gJ
ehY}h;f; Nfhrh;. Nahfpah; cs;sk;
11. gilg;Gg; gygilj;Jg; gyNuhL cz;Zk; 27. thiogoj;ij jpd;w gpd; Njhiy rhiyapy;
nry;tk;. NghlhJ Fg;ig $ilapy; NghL.
gilg;Gg; gygilj;Jg; gyNuhL cz;Zk; nry;tk; thiog;goj;ijj; jpd;w gpd; Njhiyr; rhiyapy;
12. mwpT FiwT ftdf; FiwT jpwik FiwT NghlhJ Fg;igf; $ilapy; NghL
Mfpatw;why; tpgj;Jfs; cz;lhfpd;wd. Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJjy;
mwpTf; FiwT ftdf; FiwT jpwikf; FiwT 1. b.tp.apy; rPhpay; ghh;f;fhtpl;lhy; iyg;Ng Nghh;
13. Cl;l rj;J Fiwthy; fUf; nfhz;l jPh;f;Fk; mbj;J tpLk; vd;fpwhs; ghl;b.
cstpay; rpe;jidfis Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. njhiyf;fhl;rpj; njhlh; ghh;f;fhtpl;lhy;
Cl;lr;rj;Jf; Fiwthy; fUf; nfhz;l jha; tho;f;ifNa ntWj;J tpLk; vd;fpwhs; ghl;b.
FiwNgw;Wf;F Mshfyhk;. 2. ,e;jnrQ;Rhp nld;\d; epiwe;jJ.
14. ghljpl;lj;jpy; FkugUt rpf;fy;fis jPh;f;Fk; ,e;j E}w;whz;L kd mOj;jk; epiwe;jJ.
cstpay; rpe;jidfis Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. 3. ];ypk;khf ,Ug;gNj gpA+l;b vd;w vz;zk;
ghlj; jpl;lj;jpy; Fkug; gUtr; rpf;fy;fisj; gutp tUfpwJ.
jPh;f;Fk; cstpay; rpe;jidfisr; Nrh;f;f nkypfh,Ug;gNj moF vd;w vz;zk;gutp
Ntz;Lk;. tUfpwJ.
15. Nghij gof;fj;jhy; Crpfis gfph;e;J 4. ‘tPf;Md Mz;lb ; nu];l; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;‛
nfhs;SjYk; va;l] ; ; Neha;fF
; fhuzk; MFk;. vd;W `hh;l; ];ng\yp];l; ml;it]; $wpdhh;.
Nghijg; gof;fj;jhy; Crpfisg; gfph;e;J typikaw;w vd; mj;ij Xa;ntLf;f Ntz;Lk;
nfhs;SjYk; va;l;]; Neha;f;Ff; fhuzk; MFk;. vd;W ,ja kUj;Jt ty;Yeh; mwpTiu $wpdhh;.
16. czT nghUs; ju Fiwthf tpw;fg;gLtjhy; 5. lahngl;bf; Ng\z;l; ];tPl; rhg;gpLtij
er;Rf; fhshd; cz;lhfpr; nrhpkhdk; FiwfpwJ ];lhg; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
czTg; nghUs; juf;Fiwthf tpw;fg;gLtjhy; ePhpopT Nehahsp,dpg;Grhg;gpLtijepWj;jpl
er;Rf; fhshd; cz;lhfpr; nrhpkhdk; FiwfpwJ. Ntz;Lk;
17.‘nry;trpWkPh;fhs;!ePuhlNghJtPh;!‛ vd;whs;Nfhij 6. NghyP]; ];Nl\d; Ngha; fk;g;nsapz;l; nfhL.
18. nte;ja nrbfspd; Nky; kpd;dpLk; jq;f fhty; epiyak; nrd;W Gfhh; nfhL .
G+f;fs;. 7. Vh;Nghh;l; nrd;W gpnuz;il hprpt;nra;a
nte;jar; nrbfspd; Nky; kpd;dpLk; jq;fg; G+f;fs; Ntz;Lk;.
19. nfhj;jp jphpAk; me;j Nfhop tpkhd epiyak;nrd;Wez;giumioj;Jtu
nfhj;jpj; jphpAk; me;jf; Nfhop Ntz;Lk;
20. fpl;l Nghdhy; Kl;l gif 8. g]; gpbj;J fhNy[; Nghf Ntz;Lk;
fpl;lg; Nghdhy; Kl;lg; gif NgUe;ijg; gpbj;J fy;Y}hpf;Fg; Nghf Ntz;Lk;.
21. rhiu ghk;G FUtp $l;by; Eioe;jJ 9. vy;yh \hg;GfspYk; fh];ly ; pahf cs;sJ.
rhiug; ghk;G FUtpf; $l;by; Eioe;jJ vy;yhf; filfspYk; tpiymjpfkhf cs;sJ.
22. Mrphpah; elj;jh ghlj;jpypUe;J ve;j 10. gh;j;Nl tho;j;Jf;F nuhk;g jhq;];gpwe;j ehs;
Nfs;tpAk; tutpy;iy tho;j;Jf;F kpfTk; ed;wp.
Mrphpah; elj;jhg; ghlj;jpypUe;J ve;jf; Nfs;tpAk;
tutpy;iy

11. ];$y; gh;];l; ngy; mbr;rhr;rp ehd; Nyl;lh khe;Njhg;G gyhj;Njhg;G

NghNwd; rTf;Fj; Njhg;G njd;de;Njhg;G
gs;sp Kjy; kzp mbj;jhfp tpl;lJ ehd; thioj; Njhl;lk; G+e;Njhl;lk;
jhkjkhfr; nry;fpNwd gdq;fhL G+Q;Nrhiy
12. Nguz;l;]; nrhy;wgb ];^ld;]; Nfl;f Ntyq;fhL Nrhsf; nfhy;iy
Ntz;Lk;. Njapiyj; Njhl;lk; ntw;wpiyj; Njhl;lk;
ngw;Nwhh; $wpathW khzth;fs; Nfl;fNtz;Lk;. jhtu cWg;G
13. <tpdpq;fpy; vd; kk;kpAk; lhbAk; thf;fpq; thioapiy khtpiy
nry;th;fs;. ney;jhs; gidNahiy
khiyapy; vd; jhAk; je;ijAk; eilg; KUq;iff; fPiu jpidj;jhs;
gaw;rpf;Fr; nry;thh;fs;. ntq;fhaj; jhs; njd;dq;fPw;W
14. hp[p];lh; Ngh];by; mg;spNf\d; mDg;gTk;. Ntg;ge;jiio
gjpTj; jghypy; tpz;zg;gj;ij mDg;gTk;. 1. fhfk; $Tk;. eha; fj;Jk;
mYtyff; fiyr; nrhw;fSf;F jkpohf;fk fhfk; fiuAk; . eha; Fiuf;Fk;
; mYtyfr; nrhy; jkpo;rn ; rhy; 2. fhl;y ahid fj;jpaJ. Gyp $tpaJ
1.nuf;fhh;l; - Mtzk;2.nrful;lhp - nrayh; fhl;by; ahid gpspwpaJ. Gyp cWkpaJ
3.NkNd[h; - Nkyhsh;4.igy; - Nfhg;G 3. ePhpd;wp eQ;irAk; GQ;irAk; tpisatpy;iy
5.GNuhNehl; -xg;Gr; rPl;L6. ghy;fdp - Kfg;Gkhlk; ePhpd;wp ed;nra;Ak; Gd;nra;Ak; tpisatpy;iy
7.gh];Nghh;l; - flTr; rPl;L8.bird; - tbtikg;G 4. ahid Nka;g;gNdhL Ml;Lg; ghfDk; te;jhd;
9.rhk;gpad; - thif #b10.tprh - EioT,irT ahidg; ghfNdhL Ml;L ,ilad; te;jhd;.
11nlypNfl; - Nguhsh; 5. fUk;Gj; Njhg;Gf;F mUfhikapy; eha;
12.];ng\y; g]; - jdpg;NgUe;J/rpwg;Gg; NgUe;J fj;jpaJ.
13.GuNghry; - fUj;JU fUk;Gj; Njhl;lj;jpw;F mUfpy; eha; Fiuj;jJ.
14.Ml;Nlhfpuhg; - tho;j;njhg;gk; 6. kapy; $t Fapy; mft fpsp ghbaJ.
15.tprpl;bq;fhh;L - fhz;Gr; rPl;L kapy; mft Fapy; $t fpsp NgrpaJ
16.gphPg;Nf]; - FWk; ngl;b 7.Njapiyj;Njhg;Gf;F mUfpy;
17.tk;rk; - jpul;rpj; njhif gyhj;Njhl;lk;cs;sJ
18.nkapd; NuhL - Kjd;ikr; rhiy Njapiyj;Njhl;lj;jpw;F
19.GNuhl;Nlh fhy; - kuGj; jfT mUfpy;gyhj;Njhg;Gcs;sJ
20.nrf; - fhNrhiy 21.urPJ - gw;Wr; rPl;L 8. Nrhsf;fhL - Myq;nfhy;iy
22.gpio jpUj;jk; 23.gyhg;gpQ;R - gyh %R Nrhsf;nfhy;iy- Myq;fhL
24.thiog; gpQ;R - thiof;fr;ry; 9. Fjpiuj; njhOtk; - ahidf; $lk;
25.KUq;ifg; gpQ;R - KUq;ifr; ruL Fjpiuf; nfhl;by; - ahidf; $lk;
26.mtiug; gpQ;R - mtiug; nghl;L 10. rTf;Fj; Njhl;lk; -fk;gq;fhL
27.khk;gpQ;R – khtL 28.,se;Njq;fha; - tOf;if rTf;Fj; Njhg;G - fk;gq;nfhy;iy
29.Kw;wpa Njq;fha; - new;W 11. NrhW jpd;W gok; cz;Lghy;
.gwit kuG xyp rhg;gpl;Lg;gLj;jhd;
NrhW cz;L gok; jpd;W ghy; gUfpg; gLj;jhd;
1.Me;ij-myWk; 2.Fapy; - $Tk;
3.Nfhl;lhd; - FoWk; 4.FUtp - fPr;rpLk; nfhr;irr; nrhw;fisj; jpUj;jp vOJf.
5.Nfhop - nfhf;fhpf;Fk; 6.Nrty; - $Tk; 1. mg;gprp khrk; mlks ,k;ghq;f
7.kapy; - mfTk; 8.tz;L - KuYk; Ig;grp khjk; milkio vd;ghh;fs;
9.fhfk; - fiuAk; 10.fpsp - NgRk; / nfhQ;Rk; 2. NfhspKl;il jhthuj;jpy; cUz;lJ
11.tpyq;F xyp 12.Fjpiu - fidf;Fk; NfhopKl;il jho;thuj;jpy; cUz;lJ
13.fOij - fj;Jk; 14.ehp - CisapLk; 3.ntbaq;fhl;bAk; ntj;jpiyNghlwJ
15.eha; - Fiuf;Fk; 16.gR - fjWk; xUgsf;fkh?
17.gd;wp - cWKk; 18.ahid - gpspWk; tpbtjw;Fs; ntw;wpiy NghLtJ xU gof;fkh?
19.rpq;fk; - Koq;Fk; / fh;r;rpf;Fk; 4. xUj;jd; xz;baha;g; Nghdhy; mJ
20.rq;F - Koq;Fk; Ch;Nfhykh?
gwit tpyq;F ,Ug;gplk; xUtd; xd;wpaha;g; Nghdy; mJ Ch;tykh?
Nfhopg;gz;iz Ml;Lg;gl;b 5. nfhLj;j nra;jpiaf; Nfhh;itahfg; NgR
khl;Lj; njhOtk; ahidf; $lk; nfhLj;j nra;jpiaf; Nfhitahfg; NgR
Fjpiuf; nfhl;by; 6. Fse;j Vd; mSTJ?Foe;ij Vd; mOfpwJ?
jhtq;fspd; njhFg;G 7. ,d;dpf;fp rha;q;fhyk; jq;fr;rp tUth
,d;W rhAq;fhyk; jq;if tUths; 11. epshnthspapy; jh[;kfs; mjpf msfhfj;
8.NrhW jpd;W> gok; cz;L>ghy; rhg;gpl;Lg; Njhz;Wk;
gLj;jhd; epyhnthspapy; jh[;kfy; mjpf mofhfj;
NrhW cz;L gok; jpd;W ghy; gUfpg;gLj;jhd; Njhd;Wk;
9. Mj;jq;fiuapy; fhzp eQ;ir epyk; cs;sJ. 12. ey;y vz;izAk; Gz;zhf;Fk; md;id
Mw;wq;fiuapy;Ie;J fhzp ed;nra; epyk; thq;fptwr; nrhd;dhh;.
cs;sJ. ey;y vz;nza;Ak; gpz;zhf;Fk; md;id Page
10. tyJgf;fr; Rtw;wpy; vOjhNj. thq;fptur; nrhd;dhh;. | 33
tyg;gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj 13. Rtw;wpy; vSjhNj Rthpy; vOjhNj
11. ntwF tpf;fpw ntiyia ghh;j;jpah? 14. thyg;gsk; jpd;wgpd; Njhis rhisapy;
tpwF tpw;fpw tpiyiag; ghh;j;jpah? Nghlf;$lhJ
12. gPf;fq;fhAk; ghtf;fhAk; jpd;dj; njtpl;lJ thiog;gok; jpd;wgpd; Njhiyr; rhiyapy;
gPhf
; ;fq;fhAk; ghfw;fhAk; jpd;dj; njtpl;LfpwJ. Nghlf;$lhJ
13. mtd; vz;izAk; ntz;izAk; 15. Fye;ijapd; mYifia khw;w jha;
thq;fpte;jhd; thiyg;gok; je;J jhshl;Lg; ghbdhy;
mtd; vz;nza;Ak; ntz;nza;Ak; thq;fp Foe;ijapd; mOifia khw;w jha; thiog;gok;
te;jhd;. je;J jhyhl;Lg; ghbdhs;
vOj;Jg;gpiofisj; jpUj;jp vOJjy;; 16. nkhl;L ksh;e;J kdk; tPrpaJ
1. guit ,iwahfg; gaW tiffisj; jpz;Zk; nkhl;L kyh;e;J kzk; tPrpaJ
gwit ,iuahfg; gaW tiffisj; jpd;Dk; 17. khl;Lj; njhStj;jpy; rhdj;ij mo;opr;
2. Mw;wpy; nty;yk; fiw Guz;L XLfpwJ Rj;jg;gLj;Jf.
Mw;wpy; nts;sk; fiu Gwz;L XLfpwJ khl;Lj; njhOtj;jpy; rhzj;ij ms;spr;
3. nte;jijj; jpd;W tpjp te;jhs; kha;Nthk; Rj;jg;gLj;Jf.
vd;gJ tPd; Ngr;R. 18. eha; Fiwj;jJk; tPl;bs; cy;Nyhh; tpof;if
nte;jijj; jpd;W tpjp te;jhy; kha;Nthk; vd;gJ Vw;wpdh;
tPz; Ngr;R eha; Fiuj;jJk; tPl;by; cs;Nshh; tpsf;if
4. nes; taypy; fiy ghpj;jNghJ muT Vw;wpdh;
fbj;jjhy; mswpdhd; 19. Nfhypg; gd;idapy; fhpf;Nfhypfs;
ney; taypy; fis gwpj;jNghJ muT toh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.
fbj;jjhy;mywpdhd; Nfhopg; gz;izapy; fwpf;Nfhopfs;
5. mjpfhiyapy; Nfhyp $TKd; vYe;J tsh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.
gs;Jyf;fpagpd; gbj;Njd;. 20. fhisapy; NjapisePh; Fbj;jhy; RURUg;ghf
mjpfhiyapy; Nfhop $TKd; vOe;J gy;Jyf;fpa ,Uf;fpwJ.
gpd; gbj;Njd; fhiyapy; Njapiy ePh; Fbj;jhy; RWRWg;ghf
6.Fyj;jpy;jhkiug;G+Tk;ms;spg;G+Tk;msfha;g;G+f;Fk;. ,Uf;fpwJ.
Fsj;jpy;jhkiug;G+Tk;my;ypg;G+Tk; mofha;g;G+f;Fk;. 21. jha;g;gho; Fye;ijfSf;F es;sJ
7. gizNahis tprphpahy; tprphpajhy; iftpuy; jha;g;ghy; Foe;ijfSf;F ey;yJ
tspj;jJ. 22. E}s; vStJk; NghJ ftzkhf
gidNahiy tprpwpahy; tprpwpajhy; iftpuy; ,Uf;fNtd;Lk;.
typj;jJ. E}y; vOJk; NghJ ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
8. ,iyQh;fs; kd;uk; mikj;Jj; jkps; tyh;f;f 23.re;jzk; G+rp> jpUePU ,l;L
KbT nra;jdh; gf;jpNahLnrs;fpwhs;
,isQh;fs; kd;wk; mikj;Jj; jkpo; tsh;f;f re;jdk; G+rp jpUePW ,l;L> gf;jpNahL nry;fpwhs;
KbT nra;jdh; 24. fjph;mUf;fTk; fiy vLf;fTk;
9. fhisapy; gy;yp nrd;W fs;tp fw;wpl $spFiwthfj; jWfpwhh;fs;.
Ntz;Lk;. fjph;mWf;fTk; fis vLf;fTk; $yp Fiwthfj;
fhiyapy; gs;sp nrd;W fy;tp fw;wpl Ntz;Lk;. jUfpwhh;fs;
10. nre;jkps; nkhypNa jkps; ehl;ltUf;F 25. fpop kwj;jpd; fpiyapNs msifj;
tpspahfj; jpfo;fpwJ. Nja;f;fpwJ.
nre;jkpo; nkhopNa jkpo; ehl;ltUf;F tpopahfj; fpsp kuj;jpd; fpisapNy myifj; Nja;f;fpwJ.
jpfo;fpwJ. 26.ahiz Nfhtpisr; Rw;wp vq;fy;
njWtpy;te;jJ.

ahid Nfhtpiyr; Rw;wp vq;fs; njUtpy; te;jJ.

27. gshg;gor; Riy> Njz; Ngho; ,zpf;fpwJ.
gyhg;gor; Ris Njd; Nghy; ,dpf;fpwJ.
28. ntaps; fhsj;jpy; ntd;dPhpy; Fopf;fyhkh?
ntapy; fhyj;jpy; nte;ePhpy; Fspf;fyhkh?
29.rop>,Wky; gpbj;J kpfTk;
njhs;isahfcs;sJ.
rsp>,Uky;gpbjJ; kpfTk;njhyi;yahf css;J.
30. ,sdPh; Fbj;jhs; Foph;r;rpaha; ,Uf;fpwJ.
,sePh; Fbj;jhy; Fsph;r;rpaha; ,Uf;fpwJ.
31. flw;ghiw fj;jhpf;Nfhs; ,uz;Lk; gf;fj;J
tPl;by; Nfy;.
flw;ghiufj;jhpf;Nfhy; ,uz;Lk;gf;fj;JtPl;by;Nfs;.
32. Njhl;by; jpUfhdp fsd;W NjhL njhioe;J
tpl;lJ.
Njhl;by; jpUfhzp fod;W NjhL njhiye;J
tpl;lJ.
33. khztdpd; FUk;ig Mrpwpah; nghUj;Jf;
nfhz;L cotpay; Kiwapy; fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
khztdpd; FWk;ig Mrphpah; nghWj;Jf; nfhz;L
cstpay; Kiwapy; fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
34. jPghtyp gsfhuk; nghq;fs;
tiuf;Fk;jPutpy;iy.
jPghtsp gyfhuk; nghq;fy; tiuf;Fk; jPutpy;iy
35. Nehz;G fhsj;jpy; fQ;rp Fbg;gJ
,];shkpahpd; tho;T KiwahFk;.
Nehd;G fhyj;jpy; fQ;rp Fbg;gJ ,];yhkpahpd;
tho;T KiwahFk;.
36.fd;idtpspj;Jg; ghh;j;jJk; kWj;jth;
kaq;fpdhh;
37. itf;Nfhs; khLfYf;F czthfpwJ.
itf;Nfhy; khLfSf;F czthfpwJ.
38. ez;nra; epsk; Fiue;j tpisf;F thq;fpNdd;.
ed;nra; epyk; Fiwe;j tpiyf;F thq;fpNdd
39. rikao; fl;bs; rpiug;gl;Lf; fplg;gjh
ngz;ikapd; thy;T.
rikay; fl;by; rpiwg;gl;Lf; fplg;gjhngz;ikapd;
tho;T.
40. rhAq;fhsk; Kbe;J me;jp te;jJk; epsT
thzpy; csTk;.
rhAq;fhyk; Kbe;J me;jp te;jJk; epyT thdpy;
cyTk;.
VETRI TUITIN & TUTORIAL CENTER

THIMMANAICKENPATTY
RASIPURAM
BRANCH
NAMAKKAL
VALAPPADAY.
POOSALIYOR,
MATHRUTU
CELL ;97863 64848

429 12 Tamil Notes Special Guide

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Kaw;rp gapw;rp ntw;wp

ntw;wp ba+rd; nrd;lh;

10 kw;Wk; 12 Mk; tFg;G

nghJj;Njh;T tpdh – tpil rpwg;G topfhl;b 2015

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ghijia NjlhNj! ghijia cUthf;F !!

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ghijia NjlhNj! ghijia cUthf;F !!

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ghijia NjlhNj! ghijia cUthf;F !!

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ghijia NjlhNj! ghijia cUthf;F !!

ghijia NjlhNj! ghijia cUthf;F !!

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ghijia NjlhNj! ghijia cUthf;F !!

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ghijia NjlhNj! ghijia cUthf;F !!

ghijia NjlhNj! ghijia cUthf;F !!

czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : kdpjDf;F ed;ik jUk; czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : mUfpy; fpilf;Fk;

ghijia NjlhNj! ghijia cUthf;F !!

ghijia NjlhNj! ghijia cUthf;F !!

11. ];$y; gh;];l; ngy; mbr;rhr;rp ehd; Nyl;lh khe;Njhg;G gyhj;Njhg;G

ghijia NjlhNj! ghijia cUthf;F !!

ahid Nfhtpiyr; Rw;wp vq;fs; njUtpy; te;jJ.

VETRI TUITIN & TUTORIAL CENTER

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