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    Discussion Shell and Tube

    Uploaded by

    Farhah Ain
    The document discusses evaluating the performance of a shell and tube heat exchanger under various operating conditions. It describes that the heat exchanger contains tubes enclosed within a shell with baffles to promote cross-flow and heat transfer. Experimental data was collected to determine the heat load, log mean temperature difference, and overall heat transfer coefficient. Equations are provided to calculate these values based on inlet and outlet temperatures and flow rates of the fluids. The dirt factor, which represents fouling resistance, was also determined from experimental heat transfer coefficients of clean and fouled exchangers.

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    Discussion Shell and Tube

    Uploaded by

    Farhah Ain
    897 views3 pages
    The document discusses evaluating the performance of a shell and tube heat exchanger under various operating conditions. It describes that the heat exchanger contains tubes enclosed within a shell with baffles to promote cross-flow and heat transfer. Experimental data was collected to determine the heat load, log mean temperature difference, and overall heat transfer coefficient. Equations are provided to calculate these values based on inlet and outlet temperatures and flow rates of the fluids. The dirt factor, which represents fouling resistance, was also determined from experimental heat transfer coefficients of clean and fouled exchangers.

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    The document discusses evaluating the performance of a shell and tube heat exchanger under various operating conditions. It describes that the heat exchanger contains tubes enclosed within a shell with baffles to promote cross-flow and heat transfer. Experimental data was collected to determine the heat load, log mean temperature difference, and overall heat transfer coefficient. Equations are provided to calculate these values based on inlet and outlet temperatures and flow rates of the fluids. The dirt factor, which represents fouling resistance, was also determined from experimental heat transfer coefficients of clean and fouled exchangers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    897 views3 pages

    Discussion Shell and Tube

    Uploaded by

    Farhah Ain
    The document discusses evaluating the performance of a shell and tube heat exchanger under various operating conditions. It describes that the heat exchanger contains tubes enclosed within a shell with baffles to promote cross-flow and heat transfer. Experimental data was collected to determine the heat load, log mean temperature difference, and overall heat transfer coefficient. Equations are provided to calculate these values based on inlet and outlet temperatures and flow rates of the fluids. The dirt factor, which represents fouling resistance, was also determined from experimental heat transfer coefficients of clean and fouled exchangers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Discussion

    The first objective in conducting this experiment was to evaluate and study the
    performance of the shell and tube heat exchanger at various operating conditions. The
    exchangers actually made up of a number of tubes in parallel through which one fluid travels
    and enclosed in a shell through which the other fluid is conducted. The shell side is provided
    with a 23 of baffles to promote high velocities and largely more efficient cross flow on the
    outsides of the tubes. Baffles are usually installed to increase the coefficient of the shell-side
    fluid by inducing turbulence and cross-flow velocity component.

    In addition, the baffles physically support the tubes, reducing flow-induced tube vibration.
    The versatility and widespread use of this equipment has given rise to the development of
    industry wide standards. Baffle pitch normally starts from 0.2 until 1.0 times the inside
    diameter of the shell. Both the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop depend on the
    baffle pitch, so that its selection is part of the optimization of the heat exchanger. In order to
    simplify external piping, exchangers mostly are built with even numbers of tube passes.
    Process fluid streams may contain suspended matters or dissolved solids.

    When such a fluid flows through a heat exchanger over a long period of time, deposition
    of the tube surfaces and shell surfaces occurs. The surfaces may also be corroded by fluid
    slowly and the resulting corrosion products also get deposited on the surface. Formation of
    the deposit on a heat transfer surface is called fouling and the heat transfer resistance offered
    by the deposit is called the fouling factor or dirt factor commonly denoted by Rd. the dirt
    factor cannot be estimated. It can only be determined from the experimental data on heat
    transfer coefficient of a fouled exchanger and a clean exchanger of similar design operated at
    identical conditions. From the equation to gain Dirt factor, Q is referred to QH or QC. But if
    there any error happened, the average value of U was taken by calculating Q = 0.5 (QH+QC).

    Next, the second objective was to determine the heat load, log mean temperature difference
    (LMTD) and overall heat transfer coefficient, U. To design a shell and a tube heat exchanger,
    it is necessary to relate the total heat transfer rate to fluid temperature (inlet and outlet), overall
    heat transfer coefficient (U) and the total surface area for the heat transfer (A). The formula

    below has been used in calculating heat load Q H and also QC .


    Hot water flow rate ( H W )
    QH = FH × CpH × ∆TH

    H
    QH = F H
    Cp t1
    ( t2)

    Cold water flow rate ( CW )


    QC =FC × CpC × ∆TC

    QC = F
    CCp
    C(
    T2
    T1)

    Where:
    Q H = Heat load for hot water flow rate
    QC = Heat load for cold water flow rate

    FH  Hot water mass flow rate


    FC  Cold water mass flow rate

    t1  Hot water inlet temperature


    t 2  Hot water outlet temperature
    T1  Cold water inlet temperature
    T2  Cold water outlet temperature

    To find log mean temperature difference (LMTD) / ∆TM , the equation below is used:

    (t1 T 2)  (t 2  T1 )
    ∆TM 
    (t  T2 )
    ln 1
    (t 2  T1 )

    t
    ( T) t2
    ( T )
    1 2
    LMTD 1
    (tT )
    ln1 2
    (t2
    T 1)
    Overall heat transfer coefficient at which equivalent to U D is calculated by using equation:
    Q
    U
    ALMTD
    Where:
    Q  Heat rate with respect to the flow rate of water Q H or QC

    A = Total head transfer area


    LMTD=Log mean temperature difference

    Notice: If there any error in temperature collected, it is recommended to calculate U ave value

    based on equation of Q0


    .5 C
    (Q QH)that will give an average value.

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