p.

10
Vocabulary
1.Expressions with on

1.wrote down formally – put on record

2.( a period of time ) later – 20 years on
3.walked – travelled on
4.very close to ( something happening )- on the edge of sth
5. decided he wanted very much – set one’s heart on sth
6.suddenly and with no reason – on a whim

2.Phrasal verbs

turn down – reject “ Have you ever been turned down (rejected) for a course or job?”
go on to – continue with “Would you like to go on to (continue with) another course after this one?”
pluck up – force yourself to have the courage
“Have you ever had to puck up (force yourself to have) the courage”
start off – make begin “How did the teacher start (make) this course off (begin)?”
miss out on – not had a chance to do sth
“Have you ever missed out on (not had a chance to do) something?”
bounce back – recover quickly
“If you have a problem, do you find it easy to bounce back (recover quickly)?”
make up for – compensate for (to do sth that correct a bad situation)
“How would you make up for (compensate for) forgetting a friend’s birthday?”

3. collocation: verb + noun

1. achieve a goal / a target / an ambition (win a prize)

2. take a risk / the plunge / a chance (to be in danger)
3. gather / collect / come across information
4. spend / kill / take time
5. contract malaria / hepatitis / pneumonia (no backache)
6. make decisions / sacrifices / mistakes ( take a notice)

4.Collocation; adjectives + nouns

A N
open mind ‘When traveling, it is important to keep an open mind and not prejudge people.
sheltered upbringing ‘People who have had sheltered upbringing are often shocked at how hard
life is for some people.’
ideal way ‘Working abroad is an ideal way to learn about a country’
positive outlook ‘People with positive outlook on life tend to be healthier.’
personal goal ‘I’ve finally achieved my personal goal of visiting every European capital city.’
real world ‘Now I’ve finished university , I’ve got to go into the real world.’
future generations ‘The world is changing fast , and tradition may be lost to future generations.’
survival skills ‘Before traveling in a remote area, it is important to learn basic survival skills.’
5.words and phrases

• A few years ago I was stuck in a dead-end job and started thinking about going to college.
• I’d left school at 18 and hadn’t go on to higher education, so I felt as though I had missed out on
student life.
• I’m not the sort of person who does something on a whim, so I spent months gathering information
about different courses.
• First, I applied to do a fashion course, but I was turned down flat.
• Eventually I set my heart on becoming a potter and I finally pluck up the courage to apply.
• Going to college was tough financially, and I had to sacrifices such as selling my car.
• However four years on, I have my business and I’m glad I finally achieved a goal.

TEXT p.9 vocab and phrases

backpack (v)- to go walking or traveling with your clothes, etc. in a backpack

go backpacking ‘We went backpacking round Europe last summer'
► uprawiać turustykę górską z plecakiem
sheltered (adj.) – protected from unpleasant things in your life:
‘A sheltered childhood’
► bezpieczny
upbringing (n) – the treatment and education one receives as a child, esp. from parents
► wychowanie
grant (n)- money that is given (by the government) for a particular purpose
‘A student grant’
► dofinansowanie, stypendium, subwencja.
put forward (v) – to suggest something.
scheme (n)– a clever plan to do something
►project, plan
retrace (v) – to repeat a past journey, series of event:
‘I retraced my steps in an attempt to find my wallet'
►(wrócić tą samą drogą), odtwarzać coś
undertake (v)- to agree or promise to do something
►podejmować się;
- to carry out
► przeprowadzać
contract (v) – to get an illness or disease
whet (v)- to make sb want more of sth
‘It had whetted my appetite for travel’
► zaostrzyć
whet someone's appetite to increase someone's interest in and desire for something,
usually by giving them a small experience of it:
I've read an excerpt of the book on the Web and it's whetted my appetite.
That one kiss had whetted his appetite.
► zaostrzyć apetyt
cut sb/sth short – to interrupt:
‘My visit had to be cut short’
► przerywać komuś, skracać,ucinać
deprivation (n) – when you do not have things or conditions that are usually considered necessary for a
pleasant life:
'There were food shortages and other deprivations during the Civil War. '
► ubóstwo, pozbawienie, niedostatek
bounce back (phr v) – to recover from a failure, disappointment, etc. and return quickly to your normal life
with the same energy, as before
►pozbierać się, wracać do normy
[my tendency to bounce back] stems from the time ►wywodzi się , bierze się z okresu, kiedy…
pluck up the courage- to try to be brave enough to do sth
► zbierać się na odwagę
take the plunge – to decide to do sth difficult after thinking about it for quite a long time
► podejmować stanowczy krok (po długim namysle)
embark on sth (phr v) – to start sth
set your heart on sth; have your heart set on sth – to decide you want sth very much; to be determined to
do or have sth
►pragnąć czegoś z całej duszy
whim (n) – a sudden idea or desire to do sth
‘I decided on a whim’

p.16 Vocab. Adjectives ‘»’ – synonyms

assertive –expressing your opinion clearly and firmly so that people listen to you and take notice of you;
showing a strong and confident personality
►stanowczy
» aggressive, assured, authoritative, bold, confident, decided, decisive, forceful, dogmatic,
self-assured.
creative – able to create things, usually in a imaginative way.
‘A creative imagination’.
» artistic, clever, imaginative, inspired, inventive, original, productive, resourceful, talented.
decisive² - having or showing the ability to decide quickly.
‘A decisive person, answer, manner’.
» determined, firm, forceful, incisive, resolute, strong-minded
►zdecydowany, stanowczy
decisive¹ - producing a particular or definite result or conclusion; making sth certain or final
► decydujący
‘Decisive evidence’
»conclusive, convincing, crucial, final, influential, positive, significant.
efficient – able to work well and without wasting time or resources, competent
‘An efficient worker’
»able, capable, competent, cost-effective, economic, effective, effectual, impressive, productive,
proficient, successful, thrifty, useful.
energetic – full of or done with energy.
‘An energetic child.’
»active, animated, brisk, dynamic, enthusiastic, fat, forceful, hard-working, high-powered,
indefatigable, lively, powerful, quick-moving, tireless, vigorous.
fair-minded – fair in judgment, treats people in a reasonable and equal way.
»disinterested, honest, honourable, impartial, just, lawful, right, unbiased, unprejudiced,
flexible – easily changed to suit new condition, willing and able to change to suit different circumstances,
2.that can bend easily without breaking.
‘A flexible person’
» accommodating, adaptable, amenable, compliant, open-minded, responsive, tractable,
willing to please.
friendly – (to sb) behaving in a kind and pleasant way; acting like a friend; showing or expressing kindness
and helpful attitude; not enemies; not seriously competitive(a friendly argument).
»conciliatory (pojednawczy), attached (przywiązany),,good-natured, helpful, hospitable, intimate,
kind, warm, welcoming, sociable
gregarious–liking to be with other people, prefers to be with other people rather than alone.
(2.of animals- living in groups or communities)
»sociable, friendly, hospitable, outgoing, warm, welcoming
patient – having or showing patience.
» accommodating, calm, easygoing, mild, quiet, tolerant
persistent – refusing to give up; continuing without interruption(persistent rain, noise);occurring frequently
(persistent attack of coughing) ‘A persistent cold’
»chronic, constant, continuous, endless, eternal, everlasting, interminable, long-lasting,
never-ending, permanent, recurring, repeated,
persistent worker - continues to do sth, even it’s difficult.
»determined, dogged, hard-working, indefatigable, patient, persevering, resolute, steady, tireless
resilient – (of a person) quickly recovering from shock, injury, depression; is able to get over problems and
difficulties quickly.
»adaptable, strong, tough,
(of animals, plants) quickly recovering from injury, damage:
‘Rubber is a resilient material’
» bouncy, elastic, firm, plastic, rubbery(gumowy), springy, supple
sensible - having or showing the ability to think or act in a reasonable way; having or showing good
judgment; is reasonable, practical and able to judge things well
►rozsądny
»intelligent, logical, rational, realistic, reasonable, wise
sensitive -easily offended or emotionally upset »emotional, hypersensitive, thin-skinned, touchy;
is able to understand other people’s feeling and problems.
►czuły, wrażliwy; drażliwy
tactful - careful not to say or do things that could offend people; ‘is careful not to say anything that will
upset or embarrass others’
» delicate, discreet, judicious, polite, sensitive, considerate(dlikatny, troskliwy)
►taktowny.
tolerant - having or showing tolerance; allows people to do or say what they want, without punishing or
criticizing them
»charitable, easygoing, fair, forgiving, generous, liberal, open-minded ,understanding,
unprejudiced, willing to forgive.

p.22 Module 1 Review

1. Being quite resilient, I quickly got over the shock.

2. Having set her heart on university, she’d be upset if she didn’t get in.
3. He’s very optimistic person with a very positive outlook on life.
4. Do you know anywhere where I can get hold of a decent guidebook?
5. After working for ten years, I took the plunge and went back to college.
6. He’s a bit timid and hasn’t yet plucked up the courage to apply for the job.\
7. He spends most of his spare time with his nose stuck in a book.
8. Losing the election was a serious setback in his career.
9. We decided on a whim to fly to New York, but we couldn’t get a flight.
10. I bought a new dress to make up for not getting the job!
Page 24-25 The inexplcable

intimate - adj having, or being likely to cause, a very close friendship or personal
relationship:
intimate relationships
The restaurant has a very intimate atmosphere.
He's become very intimate with an actress.
A highly intimate theatrical performance.
intimacy (n)- the intimacy of a small room.
►intymność; zażyłość; zbliżenie
conjuror ,conjurer, (n)-a person who performs magic to entertain people.
inch (v) [+ adverb or preposition] - to move very slowly or in a lot of short stages:
We are inching towards an agreement.
Share prices inched up/higher during the day.
Residents watched the flames inch closer and closer.
eager (adj)-wanting very much to do or have something, especially something interesting or enjoyable:
the children's eager faces
She sounded very eager to meet you.
► pragnący, ochoczy, gorliwy
win sb over/round phrasal verb [M] to persuade someone to support you or agree with you, often when they
were opposed to you before:
He's not sure about the idea at the moment, but I'm sure we'll
win him over in the end.
inexplicable (adj) unable to be explained or understood:
For some inexplicable reason, he's decided to cancel the project.
strike a chord (with sb) - to say or do something that makes other people feel sympathy, excitement, etc:
The party's policy on childcare facilities has struck a responsive chord with women voters.
Her speech struck a sympathetic chord among business leaders.
►uderzyć w czyjąś czułą, wrażliwą strunę.
2 If something strikes a chord, it causes people to remember something else
because it is similar to it.

Page 26 vocabulary

1.Lucrative- adj -(especially of a business, job or activity) producing a lot of money:

The magic trade is clearly highly lucrative.
2.Well-paid- adj -►dobrze płatny (zawód), dobrze opłacany (pracownik)
For two years, he had a well-paid job performing in Las Vegas.
3.number-1) symbol that indicates a quantity► liczba
2) group of number that is used to identify sb/sth ►numer
Nobody has told him the number to dial.
4.digit –[C] any of the number from 0-9► cyfra, liczba jednocyfrowa
A bank security PIN is usually a four-digit code.
5. see – to look at, to watch
It was impossible to see how he was doing it.
6. visualize- to imagine or have a picture of sb/sth in your mind .
He asked me to visualize a wonderful holiday.
7. intimate- small and personal (also)
It happens in the middle of a highly intimate theatrical performance.
8. close- (NEAR) adj, adv, not distant in position or time:used about friend –known very well
and liked:
The partnership between magician and his assistant is very close.
2.verbs

trick (act of deceiving) noun - an action which is intended to deceive, either as a way
of cheating someone, or as a joke or form of entertainment:
trick photography - ► zdjęcia trikowe, efekty specjalne, zdjęcia kombinowane

trick (verb) [T] to deceive someone, often as a part of a plan:

Dean tricked the old lady into giving him eight hundred pounds, claiming that he
would invest it for her.
► Naciągać kogoś na coś
Magicians are essentially trying to trick us into thinking something
supernatural is going on.
trickery (noun) the use of a trick (podstęp) in order to deceive somebody.
The government, he said, had resorted to political trickery in their attempts to retain power.
► oszustwo
trickster (noun ) a person who deceives people :
a confidence trickster
► oszust; naciągacz.
1 tricky (adjective )likely to deceive people
► podstępny
2 tricky (adjective) If a piece of work or problem is tricky, it is difficult to deal with and needs
careful attention or skill:
Those bird models are quite tricky to make, aren't they?
I'm in a bit of a tricky situation really - whatever I do I'll offend someone.
► zawiły, trudny, trudny
deceive (verb)1. to persuade someone that something false is the truth; to keep the truth
hidden from someone for your own advantage; to trick:
The company deceived customers by selling old computers as new ones.
The sound of the door closing deceived me into thinking they had gone out.
Don't be deceived by his charms (nie daj się zwieść jego wdziękom.)
►oszukiwać, zwodzić, wprowadzać w błąd,
deceive (verb) sb/yourself (into doing sth) – to try to make somebody believe something that is not true.
He deceived his mother into believing (oszukał matke tak, że umierzyła) that he hadn't
stolen the money.
deceive yourself -to refuse to accept the truth:
She thinks he'll come back, but she's deceiving herself.
► łudzić się
deceit (noun) [C or U] -(an act of) keeping the truth hidden, especially to get an advantage:
The story is about theft, fraud and deceit on an incredible scale.
When the newspapers published the full story,
all his earlier deceits were revealed.
► oszustwo

deceitful (adjective) - dishonest and intending to make somebody believe something that is not true:
deceitful behaviour
► oszukańczy, zwodniczy, kłamliwy

deceitfully (adverb) – ►oszukańczo, zwodniczo

deceitfulness (noun) [U] ► zwodniczość,

deception (noun) [C or U] -when people hide the truth, especially to get an advantage:
He was found guilty of obtaining money by deception .
► wprowadzenie w błąd, podstęp
deceptive (adjective) – likely to give a false impression or making you believe something that is not true:
The water is deceptive. It's much deeper than it looks.
It's deceptive - from the outside the building looks small, but inside it's quite big.
► zwodniczy, mylący złudny
deceptively (adverb)
She made the task sound deceptively easy.
The plan seemed deceptively simple (= It seemed simple but was not in fact).
► pozornie, zwodniczo
deceptiveness -(noun) [U]► złudność,
deceptiveness of human plans► zawodność ludzkich planów

cheat -verb [I or T] -to behave in a dishonest way in order to get what you want:
Anyone caught cheating will be immediately disqualified from the exam.
He cheats at cards?
She cheated in the test by copying from the boy in front.
I suspect he cheats the taxman (= avoids paying taxes by using illegal methods).
►oszukiwać
cheat –noun 1[C] a person who behaves in a dishonest way:
Trouble broke out in the match when one of the players called a member of the
other team a cheat.
►oszust
2 [S] something dishonest which makes people believe that
something is true when it is not:
You can use cocoa powder to make the cake rather than chocolate - it's a bit of a
cheat, but nobody notices the difference.
►oszustwo
Cheat / on wife
Cheat / in sport, in exams, in business
*If candidate cheats in the exam and is found out, he/she will automatically fail.

Ex.B
1.Film makers use a lot of trick photography to create special effects.
2.Some effects are quite complex, while others are deceptively simple. (pozornie łatwe).
3.The images they create look very real, but appearances can be deceptive.(mylące)
4.The photograph is supposed to show a ghost, but I’m sure it’s just a trickery./trick (sztuczka)
5.Don’t do business with Angelo, he is a cheat and liar. (oszust)
6.In this dealings with me, he has been sly (przebiegły) and deceitful, telling one lie after another.
(kłamliwy)
7.I trusted him totally, so I didn’t see through his lies and deceptions for a long time. (podstepy,
oszustwa)
8.Cheating in athletics is becoming more and more common as more athletes take drugs to improve
their performance. (oszukiwanie)
Ways of touching

rub - He rubbed the back of his neck as he waited

► trzeć, ocierać
tap -pp- to hit something gently, and often repeatedly, especially making short sharp noises:
(usually with fingers)
The branches tapped against the window.
I could hear him tapping his fingers on the desk.
He tapped on the window to attract attention.
touch (move hand) He touched the cup and it was still warm.
hold (keep)verb - held, held ,1 to keep something, especially when it might have been lost:
In his hand he was holding the search warrant.
scratch (cut) –when you have an itch or are thinking.
1 [I or T] to cut or damage a surface or your skin slightly with or on something sharp or rough:
2 [T] If you scratch something on or off a surface, you add it or remove it by scratching:
People have been scratching their names on this rock for years.
He scratched his head, trying to work out what had happened.
► drapać
press (push) - He pressed the doorbell.
►nacisnąć
push (move forcefully) He pushed it open and went inside.
pat (touch)verb [T] -tt- to touch someone or something gently and usually repeatedly with the hand flat:
I bent down to pat the little puppy.
► poklepać
stroke – tough animal’s fur.
Stroke the dog if you like, it won't bite.
He stroked its rough fur.
►pogłaskać
feel –He could felt a vibration.
squeeze-to press something firmly,
punch-a forceful hit with a fist:
She gave him a punch UK on/US in the nose.
►cios pięścią:
grasp (HOLD)verb [T] 1 to quickly take something in your hand(s) and hold it firmly:
Rosie suddenly grasped my hand.
► chwytać, uchwycić, ściskać
itch -verb - to have or cause an uncomfortable feeling on the skin which makes you want to rub
it with your nails:
I can't wear wool - it makes me itch.
► swędzieć
slap -verb [T] -pp- to hit someone with the flat part of the hand or other flat object:
She slapped his face.
She slapped him across the face.
► klepać, trzepnąć, spoliczkować
grab (take with hand) verb [I or T] -bb- to take hold of something or someone suddenly
and roughly:
A mugger grabbed her handbag as she was walking across the park.
► porwać, schwycić, chwytać,
clutch (hold) verb -to take or try to take hold of something tightly, usually in fear, anxiety or pain:
Silent and pale, she clutched (onto) her mother's hand.
► mocne chwytanie, kurczowe chwytanie
grip (hold) verb -pp- to hold very tightly: The baby gripped my finger with her tiny hand.
Page 35

Singular, plural or uncountable.

1. The police have not charged the suspect because there isn’t any evidence.
2. If you think you are getting the/Ø flu, some good advice is: stay in a bed and drink lots of
fluids.
3. Politics isn’t a subject that most people enjoy studying.
4. At school, maths was my favourite subject and athletics was my least favourite.
5. On the flight home, some of my luggage came open and some of my belongings are missing.
6. Four days is a long time to wait for an appointment.
7. Two per cent is a small pay rise, and I expect at least 80 per sent of the staff are going to go
on strike.
8. A number of coincidences have been noted.
9. The number of lucky escapes has increased year on year.

Determiners, pronouns and quantifiers.

1. Many people (people are countable) try their luck on the lottery.
2. Most people ( most- in general) never win very much. ( much=money U)
3. I’ve tried and failed many (need of after lots ) times myself.
4. Recently, a few ( a few- positive , a significant number) of my colleagues and I formed a
lottery syndicate.
5. But there’s little (little- negative, dismissive) chance of us winning the jackpot.

Module 2: Review p.38

Her films seem simple but they aren't. Her films are deceptively simple.

Actually, I'm quite superstitious. As a matter of fact, I'm quite superstitious.

He's very positive about his job. He's got a very good attitude to his work.

Who made all this mess on the floor? Who is responsible for this mess on the floor?

There's always someone who's available to help. There's always someone on hand to help.

Most people hear about the shows informally from Most people hear about the shows by word of mouth.
other people.
There hasn't been an accident yet – luckily! There hasn't been an accident yet – touch wood!

Many young people feel his films say things that Many young people feel his films strike a chord.
are familiar and true. His films strike a chord with many young people.

What's the cause of your success? What do you attribute your success to?

His mobile phone rang unexpectedly. His mobile phone went off unexpectedly.
2: put one word.

1.He was accused of cheating during a game of cards.

2.We treat people equally, regardless of their ethnic origins.
3.Listening to songs in English improves your ability to speak and understand.
4.We've got an important match coming up this week.
5.I didn't like his show at first, but his charming personality won me round/over.
6.His telephone number differs from mine by one digit.
7.My mosquito bites were itching so much I just had to scratch them.
8.Don't leave me in suspense. I need to know.
9.You must be accident-prone – you are always hurting yourself.
10.When there are 366 days in a year, it's called a leap year.
11.There's no logical explanation for what happened. It's a mystery.
12.Was the legendary King Arthur based on a real king?

accident-prone – adj. describes someone who often has accidents, usually because they are very
awkward or clumsy
► mający szczęście do wypadków, pechowiec

3.put a word or phrase.

1.'Out of body' experiences are experiences in which people feel they are outside their bodies looking at the
world.
2.Three days seems a long time to be unconscious.
3.UFOs, often claimed to be spaceships, usually have rational explanations.
4.Only two out of five people believe in the paranormal.
5.Everything that I've heard about him has been complimentary.
6.Tom, who was born with a condition called 'syneasthesia', hears letters and numbers in terms of colour.
7.The whole show lasts three hours.
8.A lot of people have the condition, most of whom think of it as a gift.

3A The burden of fame. Pages 40-41, 42.

burden noun [C] 1 a heavy load that you carry

►ciężar; brzemię
aspire to sth phrasal verb - to have a strong desire or hope to do or have something:
Few people who aspire to fame ever achieve it.
[+ to infinitive] As a child, he aspired to be a great writer.
Fame looks like a condition to which one might aspire.
►dążyć (do), aspirować
glitzy (adj) having a fashionable appearance intended to attract attention:
He celebrated his birthday at a glitzy party in Beverly Hills.
na pokaz
roam verb [I + adverb or preposition; T] to move about or travel, especially without a clear
idea of what you are going to do
This documentary is about the wild horses that roam the remote plains of Mongolia.
►włóczyć się, wędrować
play a joke/trick on sb - to confuse someone or cause problem for them
haughty (adj) unfriendly and seeming to consider yourself better than other people, arrogant.
►arogancki, wyniosły
get on the right/wrong side of sb - to make someone pleased/annoyed with you:
As a teenager, Clare was always getting on the wrong side of her mother.
engender - verb - to make people have a particular feeling or make a situation start to exist:
Her latest book has engendered a lot of controversy.
The minister's speech did not engender confidence in his judgment.
►tworzyć, wywoływać, powodować, rodzić
scrutiny -noun [U] the careful and detailed examination of something in order to obtain
information about it.
You are under constant public scrutiny.
be in a bad/foul, etc. temper - to be feeling angry:
I'd avoid her if I were you - she's in a foul temper.
retinue- a group of helpers and followers who travel with an important person:
► świta, asysta
take sth at face value-to accept something for what it appears to be rather than studying it more closely:
I took the offer at face value. I didn't think they might be trying to trick me.
► brać coś za dobrą monetę; brać coś dosłownie
to play havoc with... ►wprowadzić zamęt w...;
well-adjusted (adj) describes a person who behaves sensibly and reasonably and whose
behaviour is not difficult or strange:
His family could not understand how this quiet, well-adjusted man could
have been driven to this terrible deed.
be ill at ease- to be anxious and not relaxed:
He seemed ill at ease and not his usual self.
► skrępowany, zażenowany, niespokojny
petrify (frighten) verb - to frighten someone greatly, especially so that they are unable to move or speak:
I think you petrified poor Jeremy - he never said a word the whole time you were here.
►przerażać; fig. wprawiać w osłupienie
unsettled (anxious) (adj) anxious and worried; unable to relax
►zakłócony; niespokojny; niepewny; nierozstrzygnięty ( problem)
trait – noun - a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour:
His sense of humour is one of his better traits.
►rys, cecha

fade -verb [I or T] -to (cause to) lose colour, brightness or strength gradually.
►blaknąć, więdnąć;
turn on sb - to attack or criticize someone suddenly and unexpectedly:
Suddenly she just turned on me and accused me of undermining her.
egg sb on phrasal verb [M] to strongly encourage someone to do something which might not be
a very good idea:
Egged on by the popular press, the public have an insatiable appetite for seeing the famous
toppled from their thrones.
►zachęcać, podpuszczać
insatiable (adj) (especially of a desire or need) too great to be satisfied:
Like so many politicians, he had an insatiable appetite/desire/hunger for power.
Nothing, it seemed, would satisfy his insatiable curiosity.
►niezaspokojony, nienasycony
topple -verb 1 [I or T] to (cause to) lose balance and fall down:
The statue of the dictator was toppled (over) by the crowds.
The tree toppled and fell.
mercilessness -►brak litości
succumb - verb - 1 to lose the determination to oppose something; to accept defeat:
The town finally succumbed last week after being pounded with heavy artillery for more than
two months.
I'm afraid I succumbed to temptation and had a piece of cheesecake.
temper n C/U 1. (disposition of mind) ►usposobienie; nastrój; humor;
he loses his temper easily - ►łatwo traci panowanie nad sobą
underbelly – noun - the weakest or most unpleasant part of something which is most likely to fail or
be easily defeated.

Word formation , page 42

Change into noun:

1. scrutinize (v) – scrutiny

2. arrogant (adj.) – arrogance
3. rude(adj) – rudeness
4. inconvenient (adj) – inconvenience
5. attend (v.) – attention
6. devote (v) – devotion
7. imagine (v) – imagination
8. neutral (adj) – neutrality
9. innocent (adj) – innocence

Collocation: adj + noun

1. The public seem to have an insatiable appetite for stories about celebrities.
2. There is now a vast array of magazines that focus on celebrities.
3. Each tries to show a different perspective on celebrity life.
4. Some like to focus on their religious convictions or political beliefs.
5. Other magazines just like to catch them in casual clothes and without make-up.
6. A picture of a star in a bad temper is more valuable than a studio shot.
7. And a story about their lack of social skills is worth a fortune.
8. The favourite target is a household name behaving badly.
9. Magazine editors believe that public scrutiny is the price of fame.
10. However, many of the stories in the popular press later turn out to be untrue.

Idiomatic expressions

1. to play a joke on someone is to something to him for laugh.

2. to get on the wrong side of someone is to do sth that gives them a bad opinion of you.
3. to take someone/thing at face value is to accept it as it is, without looking for hidden meaning.
4. to feel sorry for someone is to feel sympathy for them because sth bad has happened.
5. to have power over someone is to have influence or authority over them.
6. to take someone far is to help them to be successful.
Sentences with a suitable phrase.

1. Hard work, talent and ambition can take you far.

2. Be careful not to get on the wrong side of your manager; he could make life difficult for you.
3. Remember that they have power over you; they can affect whether or not you get promoted.
4. Not everything they say can be taken at face value.
5. My manager promised me a bigger office, but he was just playing a joke on me.
6. It's impossible not to feel sorry the people who work hard, but don’t make it to the top.

Charity, page 48

Issues and opinions

Forms of protest:
1.signing a petition
2.handing out leaflets
3.holding a meeting
4.taking part in a march
5.writing into a newspaper

prepositions

1.to have an influence on sb/sth

2.to have a say in
3.to change people’s mind about
4.to put forward your views on
5.to express your opinion on
6.to generate publicity for (wytwarzać rozgłos)
7.to put pressure on
8.to (make someone) back down on (wycofać się)
9.to force people to come to a compromise about sth
10.to contribute to

2. A)
Twenty thousand protestors took part in a march along the city’s main street yesterday, hoping to change
politicians’ minds about this sensitive issue. However, it would appear that the government has already
come to a decision and is unlikely to back down on the issue.
B)
Local residents held a meeting in the village hall last night, at which everyone had the opportunity to put
forward their views on/ express their opinion on the proposed new bypass.
C)
Campaigners stand in the street every day; they hand out leaflets to members of the public in order to
generate publicity for the subject, and they ask people to sign a petition. They hope that if they get
enough signatures it will put pressure on the government to reconsider its policy on this important issue.
Page 49 Discourse markers

Used to qualify sth you or -Mind you,…

someone else has just said: -Having said that,…
Emphasize that what you are -Of course,…
saying is correct or true -As a matter of fact,…
Add sth else to sth you or -Besides that,… -Not only that,…
someone else has said -As well as that,...
Introduce disagreement -Well, actually,…
(disagreeing) -As a matter of fact,…
Change the subject, -Anyway,…
Moving on -Anyhow,…

b)
A: Have you heard how much our team are playing for this young footballer they’ve been
after? It’s ridiculous.
B: I agree. Nobody’s worth that much! Mind you,/ having said that, we certainly need a
good striker if we want to win the league this year.
A: True. But how will he cope with having all that money and fame at the age of 19?
Besides that,/ Not only that, it will put a lot of pressure on him to get a goals.
B: You’re right. It will be hard.
A: Mind you,/ Having said that, he is being paid to do something he loves. We should be so
lucky!

Module 3 Review p.54

1. words and phrases

1.There is wide array of goods on sale in the shops.

2.Tickets for the show were selling at three times their face value.
3.Some stars have got an awful temper, and you shouldn't get on the wrong side of them.
4.Working for charity should have a beneficial effect on Bob's ego.
5.Sometimes you have to stand up for your principles.
6.We launched a campaign to help the homeless.
7.These days, many fashion designers are household names. Everyone knows them.
8.Someone played a cruel joke on him when they said he was going to become famous.
9.Some of the speaches went on a bit, and I got bored.
10.She landed a very important role in a new TV drama.

land - verb - to get or achieve something good, especially in a way which seems easy or unexpected:
He's just landed a senior editorial job with a men's magazine.
(pot.) dostać coś, uzyskać coś;
2. similar meaning

It's breathtaking how arrogant some politicians can The arrogance of some politicians is breathtaking.
be.
She was jealous of how popular her husband was. She was jealous of her husband's popularity.

Switzerland stayed neutral throughout both World Switzerland preserved its neutrality throughout
Wars. both World Wars.
He contradicted himself a lot. There were many contradictions in what he said.

They have remained partners for a long time. Their partnership has lasted for a long time.
It's inconvenient getting a fine, but nothing more. Gettng a fine is an inconvenience, but nothing more.
She feels very isolated by her fame. Her fame gives her a feeling/sense of isolation.
He was proud he had achieved so much. He was proud of his (many) achievements.
She'd never expected that so many fans would be so She'd never expected so much devotion from so
devoted to her. many fans.
Can you sign this form? Can you put your signature on this form?

4A Making choices pages 56,57,58,59,60

breadth of experience-2 [S] when something includes many different items, features, subjects or qualities:
The breadth of her knowledge is amazing.(the diversity of things he has done is quite incredible)
overlap (verb)-pp-1 to cover something partly by going over its edge; to cover part of the same space:
The fence is made of panels which overlap (each other).
2 If two or more activities, subjects or periods of time overlap, they have some parts which are
the same:
My musical tastes don't overlap with my brother's at all.
We make sure that our responsibilities don’t overlap.
pokrywać się, zachodzić na siebie, nakładać się
self-importance (noun )[U] DISAPPROVING - the belief that you are more important or have a higher
value than other people:
He's a modest, mild-mannered man, without a trace of self-importance.
self-important (adj) neither of us is self-important(we are not pompous)
zarozumiałość, wysokie mniemanie o sobie
get/keep sth in perspective- to think about a situation or problem in a wise and reasonable way:
(we helped each other to be objective about things)
You must keep things in perspective - the overall situation isn't really that bad.
squabble (noun) [C] an argument over an unimportant matter: trivial arguments.
sprzeczka, sprzeczać się;
To have a partner who you can bounce ideas off- to have someone to discuss things with.
We make sure that our responsibilities don’t overlap- a very clear demarcation of the areas
we’re in charge of
demarcation- separation
Vocabulary, idiomatic expressions. p58

• When we first met, we hit it off from the word go(get on well immediately, right from the start);
you sense immediately if the chemistry’s working (there is a mutual attraction/rapport).
• If someone talks about themselves a lot, we say that they are full of themselves.
• When you get annoyed with someone, you might have cross words with them.
• When you offend someone by interfering in something they are responsible for, you are treading on
their toes.
• To say a situation is not always happy, easy or comfortable, you can say it is not always a bed of
roses.
• If you are able to enjoy things that are funny, or you can make people laugh, you have a good sense
of humor.
• If you are good at noticing things, you have a good eye for something.
• A discussion , argument or debate that is full of angry and excited feelings is a heated discussion.
• When you assist someone who is a busy or has problems, you help them out.

Expressions that give emphasis

6.It doesn’t bother me at all –I am not upset.

7.He was our choice by a mile – He was much better than the other candidates.
8.I know a fair bit about transport - I know quite a lot about it.
9.…we trust each other absolutely…- we consider each other to be 100% trustworthy.

b)
• One of the strangest relationships I have is with someone I can barely communicate with.
• For many years, I have imported products from a supplier in China called Mr. Wu.
• At the beginning, it was quite difficult- I spoke no Chinese, and he spoke no English, so we had to
use interpreters.
• But now that we’ve been working together so well for so long, I trust hem absolutely.
• I’m a busy man, and I do a fair bit of business elsewhere, but Mr Wu is the best supplier I have by a
mile.
• Although I’m a bit of a perfectionist, I know that when I place an order with him, I don’t need to
worry about it at all.
• I can be full of confidence that order will arrive exactly when Mr Wu says it will.

3. prepositions

• One of the most successful rock bands of all the time is the Rolling Stones, still touring on a regular
basis after 40 years in the business.
• They have had a huge effect on many other groups.
• One reason for their success is that there isn’t any rivalry between the band members.
• Mick Jagger, who some people say is full of himself, loves the publicity and dealing with media,
whereas Charlie Watts prefers to stay in the background.
• There have been the occasional arguments, but these should be kept in perspective.
Personal qualities, page 59

adaptable (adj)-able or willing to change in order to suit different conditions:

The survivors in this life seem to be those who are adaptable to change.
approachable (adj)-friendly and easy to talk to:
Graham's always very approachable – why don't you talk the problem over with him?
►przystępny, osiągalny, dostępny, przyjazny
caring (adj) describes someone who is kind and gives emotional support to others:
I've always thought of Jo as a very caring person.
► opiekuńczy, troskliwy.
creative (adj)-producing or using original and unusual ideas:
a creative person/artist/designer/programmer
creative talents/powers/abilities
creative thinking
decisive (adj)1 able to make decisions quickly and confidently, or showing this quality:
You need to be more decisive.
a decisive reply
NOTE: The opposite is indecisive.
►decydujący, rozstrzygający, krytyczny,
zdecydowany, zdeterminowany, stanowczy
enthusiasm (noun) 1 [U] a feeling of energetic interest in a particular subject or activity and an
eagerness to be involved in it:
enthusiastic (adj) -showing enthusiasm:
You don't seem very enthusiastic about the party - don't you want to go tonight?
experienced (adj)-having skill or knowledge because you have done something many times:
an experienced teacher
She is very experienced in marketing.

independent (NOT INFLUENCED) (adj)1 not influenced or controlled in any way by other
people, events or things:
knowledgeable (adj)-knowing a lot:
He's very knowledgeable about German literature.
►o szerokim zakresie wiedzy, dobrze poinformowany, wykształcony
organized - zorganizowany, uporządkowany, zrzeszony
resilient (adj)- able to quickly return to a previous good condition:
She's a resilient girl - she won't be unhappy for long.
►Odporny na stres, prężny
team builder- leader
Adding suffixes p.60

Verbs Adjesctives
amuse -amused (rozbawiony)
-amusing (rozśmieszjący, zabawny)

collapse -collapsible (składany, dający się składać)

depend -dependable (pewny, niezawodny)

-dependent (1.zależny. 2.pozostający na utrzymaniu. 3. (gram)podrzędny

differ -different

hesitate -hesitating
-hesitant (wahający się, niezdecydowany, niepewny)

influence -influential (wpływowy)

please -pleasing miły, ujmujący, przyjemny.

-pleased zadowolony, usatysfakcjonowany

produce -productive wydajny, produktywny;

nouns adjectives
affection -affectionate uczuciowy, czuły, tkliwy, kochający

aggression -aggressive

danger -dangerous

energy -energetic

envy -envious zazdrosny, zawistny.

-enviable godny pozazdroszczenia.

fun -funny

history -historical historyczny, historyczny, należący do historii, (postać)

-historic wiekopomny, doniosły ważny, doniosły (wydarzenie)

hope -hopeful pełen nadziei, ufny; obiecujący

-hopeless beznadziejny, rozpaczliwy

success -successful
 Verbs Nouns
amuse -amusement zabawa, radość, rozrywka

confront -confrontation

decide -decision

defend -defence

discover -discovery

participate -participation
-participant uczestnik
Persist upierać -persistence wytrwałość, upór
się, obstawać
please -pleasure

save -safety bezpieczeństwo

-saviour wbawca

adjectives nouns
accurate trafny -accuracy trafność, celność, dokładność, ścisłość.

cruel -cruelty

confident -confidence zaufanie; zwierzenie; pewność siebie; przeświadczenie,

przekonanie
diverse -diversity

happy -happiness

jealous -jealousy

lonely -loneliness

popular -popularity

tolerant -tolerance
 nouns verbs

beauty -beautify

deep -deepen pogłębiać (się)

general -generalise

legal -legalise

popular -popularise

strength -strengthen wzmacniać, umacniać, potęgować, dodawać sił, wzmagać się

wide -widen rozszerzać, rozciągać, rozprzestrzeniać

words noun
broad breadth
choose choice
die death
fly flight
high height
long length
prove proof
strong strength
succeed success
Prefix General meaning Examples
un-, im-, in-, Not, -disappear, -unbelievable, -non-fiction, –non-conformist
dis-, irr-,non- the opposite of -unpopulated (niezamieszkały),-irreversible –nieodwracalny
-insecure (niepewny, niezabezpieczony)
mis- wrong(ly) -misunderstand
-misprint (błąd drukarski)
co- together, with co-production, co-develop, co-exist, co-worker
en- Cause to be, -enlarge (powiększać),-endanger (zagrażać),
em- Make into -enrich (wzbogacać), empower (upoważniać)
re- Again -replace, -reappear, -rearrange, -redrawn, -redevelope
In a different way
under- Not sufficient -underpaid,-undercooked, -underdeveloped, -underpopulated

over- Too much -overpaid, -overcooked, -overdevelop,

-overdraw (przekroczyć stan konta), overpopulated,
-overpowered (przytłoczony),
overprint ( nadruk; nadrukowywać)
pre- before -prearrange, pre-cook (uprzednio ugotowany), prefix,
predate (poprzedzać), pre-exist (uprzedni, istniejący
uprzednio) pre-school

Module 4B p.64

1b

responsible-adj. (for sb/sth ),(for doing sth)-looking after sb/sth.; having job or duty of doing sth.
► odpowiedzialy
be responsible (for sth) to be caused of or to blame for sth;:
’Who was responsible for this accident?’
► spowodować, ponosić winę
inseparable –adj. (from sb/sth) that cannot be separated
‘Britain’s economic fortunes are inseparable from the situation in Europe.’
‘The two friends were inseparable- they went everywhere together
(inseparability-n inseparably-adv)
►nierozłączny, nieodłączny
protective –adj. ( of sth / towards sb) having or showing a wish to protect sth/sb
keep someone safe from harm
‘She was extremely protective of her public image’
‘feel fiercely protective towards one’s children’
enthralled by – enthral-(US enthrall)–verb, to hold sb’s interest and attention completely
to capture the whole of sb’s attention; to interest or entertain sb greatly:
‘enthralled by her beauty’ ,
‘He was enthralled by her story’
►oczarowywać, pochłaniać (uwagę)
furious - adj. 1. (with sb); (at sth/sb) very angry
‘He was furious with her’
‘He was furious at her behaviour’
devoted - adj. (to sb/sth) loving sb/sth very much: (dedicated)
‘Neil’s absolutely devoted to his wife.’
►oddany
resentful (towards)- adj. feeling or showing that one resents sth:
a resentful look/silence/voice
►urażony, rozżalony
resentment – n. ‘Do you feel any resentment towards her new husband?’
'William felt very resentful at being unfairly criticised.'
'She said with her resentful voice'
►uraza
2a.

1. I grew up in quite a tightly-knit family.

2. There’s always been a strong bond between me and my brother.
3. As children, we relied on each other for support,
and we have a lot of interest in common.
4. In my country today, the extended family is less common.
5. That means parents have to pay more for childcare ,
so only children like me are not as unusual as they used to be.
6. My older sister and I were always squabbling as children.
I was very envious of her because he was my father’s favorite.
7. We get on well now, but there’s still a lot of sibling rivalry between us.
8. My parents had high expectation of me.
9. I was a very conscientious student at school because I didn’t want to disappoint them.
10. I’m the black sheep of the family.
11. I rebelled against my parents right from the start (word go)
refused to do as I was told and just did what I wanted to do.
12. We do have cross words quite often,
but I think a bit of confrontation is healthy in any family.

2b.

fall for sb-(infm) to be strongly attracted to sb; to fall in love with sb

‘they fall for each other instantly’
‘I fell for(started to love)Tom the moment I met him’
get/have your own way- to get or do what you want, although others may want sth else.
‘Children shouldn’t be allowed to get their own way (do exactly what they want) all the time’
►postawić na swoim, robić po swojemu.
get on/along with sb – to have a friendly relationship with sb
‘When my best friend and I first met, we got on with (liked) each other immediately
►dobrze z kimś żyć, miec przyjazne stosunki
take after sb – to look or behave like an older member of your family;
‘My brother takes after(is very similar to) our father.
►być podobnym
See eye to eye (with sb)- to agree with sb; to have the same opinion as sb
‘We don’t always see eye to eye on political matters’
‘My sister and I never see eye to eye (agree) about anything’
► zgadzać się z kimś
runs in the family – to be found very often in a family
‘Red hair runs in the family’
‘Her talent for music runs in the family (is inherited)’
►być dziedzicznym.
hit it off (with sb) – to like sb when you first meet him/her
‘When I first met Tony’s parents, we didn’t really hit it off’
► przypadać sobie do gustu
fall out (with sb) – to quarrel or fight with sb
‘They fell out with each other just before the wedding’
► pogniewać się na kogoś
lose touch (with sb /sth) -to become no longer in contact with sb/sth
‘Unfortunately, when I left school, I lost touch (didn’t keep in contact) with my old friend’
look up to sb –to admire or respect sb
‘She has always looked up to her father’
‘I’ve always looked up to (respect) my father for what he’s achieved.

REVIEW MODULE 4 p.70

Ex. 1.

1. My mother has a good eye for a bargain.

2. I don’t like being dependent on anyone.
3. They both have red hair – it runs in the family.
4. His brother is a fair bit older than her.
5. Carl feels very protective towards Gabriel.
6. They work together, but they don’t always bring out the best in each other.
‘A crisis can sometimes bring out the best in people’
►(wyzwolić to, co w ludziach najlepsze)
7. They all support each other – they are very tightly-knit family.
8. He’s just helping us out in the office on a temporary basis.
help sb out- to help sb in a difficult situation or to give money to help sb.
►pomagać
9. My boss takes himself very seriously.
10. Just do as you are told!
11. He’s very good at using charm to get his own way.
12. The first time they met, they didn’t hit it off at all.

Ex.2 Rewrite each sentence using the given word.

breadth (n)1 [C or U] the distance from one side to another:

The length of this box is twice its breadth.
2 [S] when something includes many different items, features, subjects or qualities:
The breadth of her knowledge is amazing.
He showed an astonishing breadth of learning for one so young.
► szerokość, rozpiętość, rozmach, rozmiar wiedzy
1. I was impressed how wide his experience was. I was impressed by breadth of his experience.
(breadth)
2. He had no brothers or sisters. (only) He was an only child.
3. It was really hard to decide. (tough) It was a really tough decision.
4. All the brothers are very close. ( bond) There is a very close bond between all the brothers.
5. She lost her job because of the cutbacks. She was made redundant because of the cutbacks.
( redundant )
6. He has such a high opinion of himself. (full) He is very/so full of himself.
7. Why aren’t they friend any more? ( fallen ) Why have they fallen out?
8. In the end, I always do what I want. ( way) In the end I always get my own way.

Ex.3 Put Correct form of the words.

in-depth –adj. very thorough ; ‘an in-depth analysis, discussion, interview.

• In his in-depth (deep) study of he subject, he psychologist D. Keirse has declared there are four
main types of human temperament.
• Artisans are highly energetic (energy) and productive (produce) people.
• This type includes influential (influence) artists and actors (act).
• Guardians are cautious people, whose greatest happiness (happy) lies in upholding family values.
• They are solid citizens who would , quite unhesitatingly (hesitant), support social institutions
against any non-conformist (conform) ideas that endanger (danger) their existence.
• Idealists have a great belief (believe) in the need to remove to remove confrontation (confront).
• They see it as their responsibility (responsible) to help us enrich (rich) our lives (live) through
cooperation.
• Rationalists like to understand how thing work. They make their discoveries (discover) through the
power of reason.

Module 5a/ page 72 text; ‘In the slow lane’ vocab

linger (v) -to take a long time to leave or disappear:

After the play had finished, we lingered for a while in the bar hoping to catch sight of the actors.
The smell from the fire still lingered days later.
It's impossible to forget such horrific events - they linger (on) in the memory forever
1.to stay somewhere for a long time
► przewlekać pobyt, (o zapachu) długo się unosić
2.to take a long time doing sth.
‘to linger over the meal’ (przeciagać posiłek)
► zwlekać
pledge (n) a promise or agreement:
to make a pledge to do sth, to sign a pledge
►zobowiazanie, przyrzeczenie
frenzy (n) a state of great excitement; a period when a person cannot control his actions
‘the high-speed frenzy of the modern world’
►szaleństwo, szał
frenzied (adj) wild and excited;
a frenzied attack
► szalony, dziki
frenetic (adj) frenetic lifestyle-( szalony tryb życia)
►szaleńczy
to place great emphasis on –► kłaść nacisk
enjoyment (n)- when you enjoy something
► przyjemność, radość
foster (v) to help or encourage the development of sth (especially feelings or ideas)
►podsycać, popierać
conviviality (n.)the good humor or mirth indulged in upon festive occasions; a convivial spirit or humor;
festivity.
‘the fostering of conviviality’
► serdeczność, wesołość; nastrój biesiadny
exalted (adj)- raised to lofty height
‘Tows enjoy exalted reputation for wine and truffles’
►podniosły, wysoki 2. szczęśliwy, uszczęśliwiony
epitomize(v) to be typical of sth
‘the quality, epitomized by their symbol, the snail, which is slow and tastes good’
►stanowić typowy przykład
badge (n) a small piece of metal, plastic, cloth, etc., with words or a picture on it, that is pinned or sewn to
your clothing, often to show your support for a political organization or belief, or your rank, or
membership of a group, etc
►odznaka
designation (n) an official title or name:
What's her official designation now she's been promoted?
► wyznaczenie, oznaczenie, nominacja
lurid (colour) adj.-too brightly coloured:
’lurid neon signs'
►Krzykliwy, jaskrawy
to strike a balance= to find a balance
curb (control) verb - to control or limit something that is not desirable:
The Government should act to curb tax evasion.
thwart - verb - to stop something from happening or someone from doing something:
My holiday plans have been thwarted by the strike.
Efforts to curb noise pollution are thwarted by people’s fondness for shouting into mobile phones
and disturbing the peace.
► uniemożliwiać, unicestwiać, nie dopuszczać do realizacji, udaremniać, krzyżować

Page 73

rearguard action – a struggle continued even when it is unlikely to succeed (oxford)

rearguard action - noun [C or U]-a final attempt to prevent something from happening:
The unions were determined to fight a rearguard action against the government's plans to strip
them of their powers. (Cambridge)
cotton ² (verb) (phrasal verb)
to cotton on (to sth) – (inf) to understand sth
‘It took me ages to cotton on.’
‘ But people soon cottoned on to the idea that traditional product were being displaced by cheap,
mass-marketed food.
► zaskoczyć, kapować.
droves (plural noun)-a large group, especially of people, moving towards a place:
Every summer droves of sightseers crowd the city.
Fans came in droves.
► tłumy
aspiring adj) an aspiring actor/politician/writer, etc. someone who is trying to
become a successful actor, politician, writer, etc.
► ambitny

Page74

1b idiomatic expressions

1. It is important to relax and get away from it all on a regular basis.

2. The police should arrest people who disturb the peace by having noisy parties
3. Governments have a long way to go before they achieve equality for all.
4. Not many people are ready band refuse to buy a car.
5. The concept of healthy eating is slowly but surely catching on with the public.
6. For most thing in life, it is quality, not quantity that counts.
7. Summer is terrible because tourists come in droves to visit my town.
8. It’s hard to strike the right balance between work and life.

on a regular basis regularnie; zwykły; stały, częsty

2b

10. As part of its campaign to promote a healthy lifestyle, the government is getting tough on smoking.
11. They have pledged to reduce the number of smoking-related illnesses within ten years.
12. Some organizations want them to ban smoking in all public places.
13. However, this will be a difficult policy to implement.
14. In addition, everything the government does to curb smoking reduces the income they receive from tax
on cigarettes.
15. This epitomizes the type of dilemma many governments face.
16. On the one hand, they must protect citizens and cut health costs.
17. On the other hand , they need to preserve people’s rights and freedoms and maintain tax income.

3.

Standard of living -(living standard) – the amount of wealth and comfort people have in particular society:
‘The standard of living in developing country is low.’
‘The standard of living in this country has improved dramatically over the last few decades.’
►standard życia, poziom życia
Cost of living - the amount of money that a person needs to live on:
‘The increase in interest rates will raise the cost of living’
‘It is high rents that make the cost of living so high in the city’
►koszty utrzymania
lifestyle (n) – someone’s way of living; the thing that a person or particular group of people usually do:
(easy to change)
‘He doesn’t have a very healthy lifestyle’
‘She needs a pretty high income to support her lifestyle’
‘Getting married often means sudden change in lifestyle’
‘Living in the city, I had a very hectic lifestyle’
►styl, tryb życia
way of life (n)- the manner in which a person lives: behaviour and customs that are typical of a person or
group of people (traditional, typical)
‘Sleeping in doorways, begging for food and money – it’s not very enviable way of life’
‘The traditional way of life in some villages hasn’t changed for years.
►zwyczaje, obyczaje, styl życia

Living (n) – 1.a means of earning money to buy a things you need
► utrzymanie, życie
2.your way or quality of life
‘The cost of living has risen in recent years’
► utrzymanie, standard zycia
Livelihood (n)- the way that you earn money
‘To lose your livelihood.’
► środki utrzymania

Alive (adj)- 1.not dead living

‘He kept the little cat alive by feeding it warm milk.
‘He had so many accidents, he’s lucky to be alive.
► żywy, żyjący
Living (adj)- 1.alive now
‘He has no living relatives’
‘He is one of our greatest living poets,’
► żyjący dotychczas

Lifetime (n)- the period of time that sb is alive.

‘It’s a one chance of a lifetime’
‘He spent his lifetime fighting against the justice.’
► życie
Lifelong (adj)- for all your life
‘William hasn’t been the same since the death of his lifelong friend.’
► dozgonny, na całe życie

Outlive(v) - to live or exist longer than sb/sth.

‘He outlived his wife by nearly twenty years.’
Jack is so healthy I’m sure he’ll outlive the rest of his family’
► przeżyć
Live out (sth)- 2.to spend the rest of your life in a particular way.
‘After Jack retired he decided to live out the rest of his days in a quiet country village.’
► przeżywać

4.b words for eating and drinking.

10.to munch an apple

11.to suck a drink through a straw
12.to swig a fizzy drink from the bottle
13.to wolf down your food
14.to nibble a biscuit/sandwich
15.to pick at your dinner
16.to guzzle food or drink quickly and greedily
17.to chew your food carefully before swallowing
18.to drain a glass of water in one gulp
fizzy -(adj) (fizzier, fizziest) ( used about a drink) – containing many small bubbles ≠ still
»sparkling water (mineral), wine
► gazowany, musujący
munch (v)-to eat sth steadily and often noisily especially sth crisp.
‘To munch an apple’
► chrupać
swig (v) –( swigging, swigged) to take a drink especially of alcohol, quickly and in large amounts
‘He swigged the whiskey down and poured another glass'
►żłopać
swig (n)- ►żłopanie
nibble (v) – to eat sth by taking small bites.
► Ogryzać, skubać
nibble (n)► skubanie, ogryzanie
pick at sth- to eat only small amount of food because you are not hungry
► dziobać jedzenie.
guzzle (v) – to eat or drink greedily
► zażerać się
greed (n) (greed for sth) a strong desire for more food, money, power than you really need .
► łakomstwo, chciwość, zachłanność
greedy (adj) wanting more food etc,
‘ don’t be so greedy’
greedily (adv)► łakomie
drain (v) to drink all the liquid (in a glass etc.)
‘ He drained his glass in one gulp’
►wypić do dna
straw - ►słomka

p.76

Making tourism a benefit adv+adj, adj+noun

• The growth of cheap and readily available air travel has helped turn tourism into one of the world’s
largest industries.
• But behind the image projected by the glossy brochures, there is a less positive side to the situation.
• In Goa, for example, indigenous people have been displaced to make way for hotels and golf
courses, and local fishermen have been denied access to the beaches from which they set off for
work.
• One comprehensive study has shown that 60 per cent of foreign capital invested in tourism in
developing countries returns to first-world countries, and although tourism often provides
employment, much of it is low-skilled and very poorly paid.
• Recently, however, a British organization, Tourism Concern, surprised everyone by mounting an
extremely vigorous campaign for tourism which respects the rights of local people.
• They argue that local people are at present nowhere near as involved as they should be in decisions
about how to develop their area of tourism.
• Furthermore, they believe tourists should be actively encouraged to use what is often perfectly
satisfactory accommodation offered by local communities, and to fly with airlines based in the host
countries.
• This would ensure that jobs are provided at all levels and that capital does not disappear out of the
country.
p.77 Language development

1b modifying adverbs.

7. It is really obvious that tourism has many drawbacks.

8. It is really/very important that the local people and the environment are protected.
9. The ecosystem of this island is absolutely unique.
10. Residents are deeply divided about the expansion of tourism.
11. Some of the islanders have become very/ extremely rich as a result of tourism.
12. But many are absolutely furious about what is happening.
13. They have formed an association which is completely opposed to further development.

Ex2 adverb that collocates with the adjective

• Until recently, progress on the tiny African island of Sao Tome and Principe has been painfully slow.
• For many years, the islands have been heavily dependent on foreign aid.
• With the discovery of oil, however, life for the 140,000 inhabitants is about to become utterly
different.
• Not all the changes are likely to be entirely beneficial.
• The islanders are deeply attached to their unspoiled beaches and rainforest, and some people worry
that the islands’ perfectly balanced environment will become heavily polluted.
• The government has drawn up widely publicized plans on how the new income from the highly
valuable discovery will be spent on improving education and health, for which funds are currently
totally inadequate.
• A new residents remain bitterly opposed to the development, fearing that the consequences will be
utterly disastrous.
• However, the majority are looking forward to becoming seriously wealthy in the near future.

Utterly- całkowicie, zupełnie, absolutnie

Ex.3 adverb and adjective.

• My uncle was absolutely furious when a restaurant belonging to a well-known global chain opened
next door to his.
• The prices at the new place were bitterly/fairly/pretty cheap compared to his.
• The following week, his restaurant was virtually/almost empty as his regular customers went to try
the new restaurant.
• After a couple of weeks, however, he was really delighted/pleased/relieved when his business
started to return.
• Now both restaurants co-exist happily together.
• Cautious people tend to choose the chain, knowing that the décor will be quite similar to others they
have visited and that the production-line food will be almost identical.
• Others prefer my uncle’s place, as his personal style of decoration is quite unusual and his food,
based on his family’s secret recipes and odd mix of ingredients, is absolutely/totally unique.
Page 80.environment

biodegradable (materials) -biodegradable –adj. able to decay naturally and harmlessly:

Biodegradable packaging helps to limit the amount of harmful
chemicals released into the atmosphere.
► materiały rozkładające się bez udziału człowieka
(nie zanieczyszczające środowiska)
(build-up of) greenhouse gases -greenhouse gas noun [C] a gas which causes the greenhouse effect,
especially carbon dioxide.
contaminate water supplies ► zanieczyszczać, skażać; (fig) zatruwać.
destroy the ozone layer
dispose of /dump (waste/rubbish) dispose of sb/sth (phrasal verb) to get rid of someone or something
or deal with something so that the matter is finished:
How did they dispose of the body?
► pozbywać się
give off/emit (carbon dioxide/toxic fumes)
►wydzielać, emitować
incinerate(/recycle waste) incinerate- verb [T] -to burn something completely:
to incinerate waste
►palić, spopielać.
global warming
health hazard
pollute (the atmosphere) ► zanieczyszczać, skażać.
use up/run out of/conserve resources:
use sth up (phrasal verb)to finish a supply of something:
Don't use up all the milk, we need some for breakfast.

run out – 1 to finish, use or sell all of something, so that there is none left:
I've run out of milk/money/ideas/patience.
"Have you got any milk?" "Sorry, I've run out."
2 If a supply of something runs out, all of it has been used or it is completely finished:
The milk has run out.
My patience is beginning to run out.
►wyczerpywać się
conserve – verb - to keep and protect something from damage, change or waste:
To conserve electricity, we are cutting down on our central heating.
The nationalists are very keen to conserve their customs and language.
I'm not being lazy - I'm just conserving my energy/strength for later.
bio-diversity biodiversity (n) the number and variety of plant and animal species that exist in a
particular environmental area or in the world generally, or the problem of preserving
and protecting this:
A new National Biological Survey to protect species habitat and biodiversity
►(variety of species) biorónorodność; różnorodność ekosystemów
extinct – adj.1 not now existing:
There is concern that the giant panda will soon become extinct.
Many tribes became extinct when they came into contact with Western illnesses.
A lot of trades have become extinct because of the development of technology.

2 An extinct volcano is one that is not now active (= will not explode again).
extinction – noun -
The extinction of the dinosaurs occurred (= they stopped existing) millions of years ago.
Many species of plants and animals are in danger of/threatened with extinction (= being destroyed
so that they no longer exist).
Some people predict the extinction of family life as we know it today.
►wymarcie, wyginięcie
lead to/run the risk of famine, drought ,flooding -run the risk of doing sth
to do something although something bad might happen because of it:
If you tell him the truth, you run the risk of hurting his feelings.
loss of natural habitat- habitat (n) the natural surroundings in which an animal or plant usually lives
With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its natural habitat.
wipe out/kill off ( animals/fish/birds)
wipe sth out to destroy something completely:
Whole villages were wiped out in the fighting.
become pest/disease resistant
DNA technology
genetically modified crops
improve flavor/nutrition
spray crops with pesticides
trigger (allergies) –trigger(start)-verb - to cause something bad to start:(release)
Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches.
►wywoływać

waste disposal UK noun [C] (US garbage disposal) an electrical machine connected to a kitchen sink
which cuts up food waste so that it will flow easily through the pipes

dispose 1. (get rid of)►pozbywać się.

dump –(n) 1 (ALSO rubbish dump) a place where people are allowed to leave their rubbish:
I need to clear out the shed and take everything I don't want to the dump.
►wysypisko śmieci
dump (v) [T] 1 to put down or drop something in a careless way:
He came in with four shopping bags and dumped them on the table.
2 to get rid of something unwanted, especially by leaving it in a place where it is not
allowed to be.
Ex3.

• Waste should be disposed carefully or recycled rather than dumped. Greater use of biodegradable
materials will help to conserve the world’s natural sources, and benefit the environment.
• Cars emit poisonous gases, which pollute the atmosphere, and cause illnesses and allergies.
• The build-up of greenhouse gases has led to global warming, which is likely to cause more
frequently droughts, flooding and famine.
• Although some farmers welcome the idea of genetically modified crops, as they will reduce the use
of conventional spray crops with pesticides, there is concern about potential health hazard to
people and animals.
• Deforestation in many parts of the world has led to loss of natural habitat and the extinction of
many species.
Module 5: REVIEW p.86

1.

1. Some forms of illness are triggered by food allergies.

2. Not long after I'd cast my line into the river, a fish started nibbling at my bait.
3. The company became a worldwide success, but it hadn't been plain selling.
4. I love sitting in a cafe watching the world drift by.
5. Hi-tech factories epitomise the spirit of the age.
6. The company went broke trying to outdo their rivals.
7. There is ample evidence to suggest that the world is getting hotter.
8. You'll never make a living as a writer- it's too competitive.
9. He took off his shoes in deference to local custom.
10. There's been meeting to promote trade between two countries.
11. He wasn't really eating his dinner, he was just picking at it.
12. Residents have been mounting an extremely vigorous campaign against a new supermarket.

be plain sailing UK (US ALSO be smooth sailing) to be easy and without problems:
The roads were busy as we drove out of town, but after that it was plain sailing.
outdo - verb ,outdid, outdone - to be, or do something, better than someone else:
He always tries to outdo everybody else in the class.
ample - adj. 1 more than enough:
You'll have ample opportunity to ask questions after the talk.
There's ample evidence that the lawyer knew exactly what she was doing.
deference - noun (formal) respect and politeness:
He treats her with such deference.
She covered her head out of/in deference to (= because of a polite respect for) Muslim custom.

2.

1. Some new fashions take a long time to catch on with the public.
2. Unless they are protected, some animal species will soon be wipe out/ dying out.
3. You should avoid inhaling the fumes given off by paint.
4. I bought a remote farmhouse in Scotland to get away from it all.
5. The president runs the risk of being assassinated every time he goes out.
6. He's real non-conformist, who loves to swim against the tide.
7. A young hooligan was arrested for disturbing the peace.
8. Customers are allowed to linger over their coffee until midnight.
9. Inevitably, many poorer countries are still dependent on foreign aid.
10. There's long way to go before we eradicate the disease entirely.
Module 6a Health and fitness p.88-89

far-fetched (adj) very unlikely to be true, and difficult to believe: a far-fetched idea/story
‘It may seem rather far-fetched to think we will have electronic arms and legs.’
► nierealny, nieprawdopodobny, naciągany
flight of fancy - an idea which shows a lot of imagination but which is not practical:
He was talking about cycling across the US or was that just another flight of fancy?
‘But amongst all these flight of fancy, are there any clues to how our bodies could really look
100 years from now?
► wybryk fantazji
hold sth out (phrasal verb)-to offer a possibility, solution, hope etc:
Few people hold out any hope of finding more survivors.
‘Professor S.C. does not hold out much hope for us in this area.’
startling –(adj) surprising and sometimes worrying: startling results
‘The last 20 years hale show a startling rise in the number of vastly overweight people
in the western world.’
►zadziwiający, zdumiewający; (alarming)alarmujący, wywołujący niepokój
vastly -extremely big:
► ogromnie, niezmiernie, niebywale, kolosalnie, znacznie
pace(n)- the speed at which someone or something moves, or with which something happens or changes:
a slow/fast pace
► 1. (step)krok.
2. (speed of progression)
► tempo, szybkość;

obese - adj - extremely fat

►otyły
obesity - noun A diet that is high in fat can lead to obesity.
►otyłość
premature -(adj) happening or done too soon, especially before the natural or desired time:
premature birth/death ,
a premature baby
►przedwczesny
unattainable –(adj) not achievable: an unattainable ideal.
’Some economists think that full employment in Europe is an unattainable goal’.
► nieosiągaly
‘ increasingly unattainable’
► coraz bardziej nieosiągalne
notion –(n) [C or U](a) belief or idea:
► pojęcie, opinia, wyobrażenie,

cure (n) 1 something that makes someone with an illness healthy again:
There's still no cure for cancer.
There is no known cure for this disease (= a cure has not yet been found).
2 a solution to a problem:
The best cure for boredom is hard work!
►(remedy) lek, lekarstwo
reinforce (v) [T] 1 to make something stronger:
The pockets on my jeans are reinforced with double stitching.
2 If something reinforces an idea or opinion, it provides more proof or support for it and makes it
seem true:
The final technical report into the accident reinforces the findings of initial investigations.
His behaviour merely reinforced my dislike of him.
►wzmacniać, pokrzepiać, dodawać sił, popierać, zasilać

bald (without hair) (adj) with little or no hair on the head:

At twenty he was already going bald.
balding (adj) Eammon was plump and balding (= becoming bald) but somehow very attractive to women.
baldy, baldie – (n) an unkind name for someone who has lost or is losing the hair on their head:
"Hey, baldy!"
baldness - (n) ►łysina

strikingly (adv)
Her latest novel is strikingly different from her earlier work.
They gave a strikingly original performance of the play.
Her husband is strikingly handsome.
►uderzająco, jaskrawo, nad wyraz
merge -(v) 1 to combine or join together, or to cause things to do this.
escalate –(v) to make or become greater or more serious.
► nasilać
meticulous (adj)-very careful and with great attention to every detail:
Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book.
► skrupulatny, drobiazgowy
sunscreen - emulsja/krem z filtrem chroniącym przed promieniowaniem słonecznym
deteriorating- becoming worse
► pogarszający się

Word formation: suffixes

1. the company doesn’t owe any money to anyone; it is debt-free.

2. I don’t have to pay my friend to stay in his flat; I can live there rent-free.
3. The company is offering interest-free loans to attract new customers.
4. As part of my fitness campaign, I’m sticking to sugar-free drinks.
5. There was very little traffic today, so I had a trouble-free journey to work.
6. Money you win on the lottery is tax-free so you get to keep it all.
7. Air quality has improved since the introduction of lead-free (bez ołowiowa) petrol.
8. Food labelled ‘95% fat-free ’sounds much better than ‘ contains 5% fat’.
Using the correct word page 90

1. In most adults, the quality of their skin starts to deteriorate after the age of 45.
•qualities deteriorate,
•numbers decline
•standards slip
2. Pharmaceutical companies have pumped huge amount of money into research
•pump money into something

3. So far they have been unable to pinpoint the exact cause.

•pinpoint – to discover/ explain exactly
•diagnose an illness
•place an object or person
4. They have been unable to replicate the results in real life.
•replicate- get the same results again
•imitate-copy
•indicate- show
5. Studies point to a link between a diet and skin quality.
•point to – point to a fact or link
6. …and this now seems to be the best way forward for most people, reversing a trend
to seek the solution in science.
•reverse a trend – move in the other direction
•restore – return to a former state
7. This may be a cheaper solution than applying a costly chemical treatment to your skin.
•apply a cream, to skin
•install machinery
8. People just need to weigh up what is more important.
•weigh up – consider both sides carefully

page.96

admission fee – fixed amount of money paid to get in

voluntary donation – variable amount of money given by choice
season ticket – pass for a fixed amount of time that gives admission (probably as a reduce rate)

an exhibit – an object in an exhibition

an exhibition – a collection of objects on show
an exhibitor – the person who puts the objects on show

a guide – someone who shows visitors around and gives them information
an attendant – someone who works for the institution and provides specific service (e.g. security,
information on request, cloakroom)
a curator – someone with specialist knowledge who looks after the objects

an event – a special performance/ exhibition organised for a specific time period

an incident – a single, noteworthy happening
an experience – something that happens that influences or affects you

a catalogue – a detailed list of every object

a guide book – a description of the most interesting objects bound onto a book form
a brochure - a short guide to the exhibition in leaflet form
an audio guide – a description of the objects in the audio format

wander around – to walk slowly in a relaxed way without specific aims

trudge (along) – to walk heavily, as if tired and bored
stride – to walk quickly and purposefully

2. text

• Last week, I went with a friend to see an exhibition of vintage clothing at the local museum.
• I've got a season ticket, which means I can go as often as I like, but you have to pay extra when it's a
special event like this.
• I'm particularly interested in the history of fashion, and we spent at least two hours wandering
around the show.
• I'd love to have bought the catalogue to keep, but it was too expensive.
• We did hire an audio guide, through, which explained a lot of the background.
• The attendants in each room were very knowledgeable, too.

Module 6: Review p.102

1 words and phrases

1. Robert Scott was regarded as the best explorer of his times.

2. I'm sceptical of claims that virtual health care on the Internet will replace doctors.
3. The painting was restored with meticulous attention to details.
4. The children trudged along behind, tired and fed-up.
5. The economy is expected to deteriorate over the coming year.
6. I didn't like the exhibition; I was bored out of my mind.
7. You have to weight up the pros and cons of DNA research.
8. We need to reverse the trend towards centralised power.
9. Mobile phones have been around for a long time now.
10. There is no firm evidence to support your thesis.

meticulous adj. very careful and with great attention to every detail:
Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book.
The painting was restored with meticulous attention to details.
► skrupulatny, drobiazgowy
be bored/drunk, etc. out of your mind (informal) to be extremely bored/drunk
I was bored out of my mind.
weigh sth up - to think carefully about the advantages or disadvantages of a situation before making a
decision:
I'm weighing up my options before I decide to apply for the job.
We're just weighing up the pros and cons (= advantages and disadvantages) of moving to a
bigger house.
► rozważać
reverse – verb - to (cause something to) go backwards, or to change the direction, order, position, result, etc.
of something to its opposite:
MAINLY UK She reversed (US USUALLY backed) (the car) into the parking space.
The new manager hoped to reverse the decline in the company's fortunes.
Now that you have a job and I don't, our situations are reversed.
► odwracać, zmieniać, zamieniać, zawracać, unieważniać, cofać się
around (IN THIS PLACE)adv, prep. - positioned or moving in or near a place, often without a clear
direction, purpose or order:
Will you be around (= here or somewhere near) next week?
There's a lot of flu around (= a lot of people have it) at the moment.
Mobile phones have been around (= existed) for quite a while.
solitary adj. 1 A solitary person or thing is the only person or thing in a place:
On the hill, a solitary figure was busy chopping down trees.
In the distance was a solitary building.
He was a solitary child (= He enjoyed being alone).
2 done alone:
solitary walks by the river
fishing and other solitary pastimes
► samotny; samotniczy; pojedynczy; jeden;

2. correct the word form.

1. There has been a startling rise in the number of anti-ageing products on the market.
2. Do you believe the world will be trouble-free in the future?
3. I'm a pessimist. I don't hold much hope for a better world.
4. First published in the 1930s, the data remains an absolutely indispensable resource.
5. Most health-food companies have online brochures of their product.
6. He has very selective memory - he only remembers what he wants.
7. Can you pinpoint the site on the map?
8. The government's refusal to hand back the relics caused a major diplomatic incident.
9. What is the prise of admission to the exhibition?
10. We need many alternative forms of fuel.
11. We need to ensure there are fewer nasty weapons about.
12. He leads a very solitary life.

anti-ageing - adj [before noun] describes substances that are intended to prevent or limit the process of
becoming old:
anti-ageing creams
indispensable - adj - Something or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that you consider
them to be essential:
This book is an indispensable resource for researchers.
His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks.
► niezbędny, konieczny, niezastąpiony
pinpoint verb 1 to find out or say the exact position in space or time of something:
It is not possible to pinpoint precisely the time of death.
2 to discover or describe the exact facts about something:
Emergency workers at the site are still unable to pinpoint the cause of the explosion.
►( dokładnie) określać, ustalać położenie; wskazywać
pinpoint adj [before noun] very exact:
The computer will calculate your position with pinpoint accuracy.
admission (n)when someone is given permission to enter a place, or the money that you pay to enter a place:
Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only.
How much do they charge for admission.
►dostęp, wstęp, opłata za wstęp, przyjęcie
7A Against the odds p.104-105

engulf verb - to surround and cover something or someone completely:

The flames rapidly engulfed the house.
Northern areas of the country were engulfed by/in a snowstorm last night.
The war is threatening to engulf the entire region.
► pochłaniać, obejmować, ogarniać
splash verb 2 [I usually + adverb or preposition] to move in water so that drops of it go in all directions:
The kids were splashing (about/around) in the shallow end of the swimming pool.
slender adj - 1 thin and delicate, often in a way that is attractive:
He put his hands around her slender waist.
The plant's leaves are long and slender.
►szczupły, smukły,
2 small in amount or degree:
a man of slender means (= without much money)
The chances of settling this dispute through talks seem increasingly slender.
►skąpy, znikomy
tick (mainly uk) verb (us usually check) to mark something with a tick:
Tick (off) each item on the list as you complete it.
set off/out - to start a journey:
What time will we have to set off for the station tomorrow?
Jenny set off down the road on her new bike.
They've just set off on a round-the-world cruise
► wyruszać w podróż;
succumb - verb 1 to lose the determination to oppose something; to accept defeat:
The town finally succumbed last week after being pounded with heavy artillery for more than
two months.
I'm afraid I succumbed to temptation and had a piece of cheesecake.
I felt sure it would only be a matter of time before he succumbed to my charms.
►ulegać, poddawać się
2 to die or suffer badly from an illness:
Thousands of cows have succumbed to the disease in the past few months.
against (all) the odds/against all odds If you do or achieve something against (all)the odds/against all odds,
you do or achieve it although there were a lot of problems and you were not likely to succeed:
Against all the odds, he recovered.
►pomimo wszelkich przeciwności
shallow (not serious) adj - not showing serious or careful thought:
I found the film rather shallow.
I think she found him physically quite attractive but a bit shallow.
grip (interest) verb -pp- to keep someone's attention completely:
This trial has gripped the whole nation.
I was gripped throughout the entire two hours of the film.
spare (save) verb - to not hurt or destroy something or someone:
They asked him to spare the women and children.
contented adj
She smiled a contented smile.
He won't be contented (= satisfied) until he's upset everyone in the office.
►zadowolony
compulsion (desire) noun - a very strong or uncontrollable desire (to do something repeatedly):
For many people, dieting is a compulsion.
[+ to infinitive] I seem to have a constant compulsion to eat.
►silne pragnienie
compulsion (force) noun - a force that makes you do something:
He seems to be driven by some kind of inner compulsion.
[+ to infinitive] We were under no compulsion to attend.
Don't feel under any compulsion to take me with you.
►nacisk, przymus
compulsory - adj - If something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law:
Swimming was compulsory at my school.
Wearing seat belts in cars is compulsory by law.
bully - verb - to hurt or frighten someone who is smaller or less powerful than you, often forcing them to do
something they do not want to do:
Our survey indicates that one in four children is bullied at school.
►znęcać się; zastraszać.
bullying noun
Bullying is a problem in many schools.
tempt fate/providence If you tempt fate/providence by doing something, you take a foolish risk by doing it
and depend too much on your good luck:
You're tempting fate by riding your bike without wearing a cycle helmet.
►kusić los
preserve (separate activity) noun - an activity which only one person or a particular type of person does or is
responsible for:
Owning racehorses is the preserve of the rich.
Sport used to be a male preserve.
►( czyjaś) domena, specjalność
thrive - verb - thrived or US ALSO throve, thrived or US ALSO thriven - to grow, develop or be successful:
His business thrived in the years before the war.
She seems to thrive on stress.
►prosperować, kwitnąć, rozwijać się
thriving - adj - a thriving economy
allure - noun - attraction, charm or excitement:
the allure of working in television
sexual allure
►powab, wdzięk;
reckless adj - doing something dangerous and not caring about the risks and the possible results:
He was found guilty of reckless driving.
►beztroski, lekkomyślny;

page 106 module 7

Motivation

1. manage (to + inf) – succeed (in –ing)

2. show one’s ability – to prove oneself
3. interest/affect strongly – grip (sb)
4. force (sb./ oneself) to – push (sb./oneself)
5. able (to inf.) – capable (of –ing)
6. highly motivated – driven (by/to +inf)
7. strong desire/urge (to+ inf) – compulsion (for/to + inf)
8. search (for) – quest (for)
Despite great difficulties, Against the odds,
Eric managed to reach the summit of Everest in May Eric succeeded in reaching the summit of Everest
2001. in May 2001.
For him it wasn't a search for fame; For him it wasn't a quest for fame;
he was motivated by the need he was driven by the need
to demonstrate to himself that he could do it. to prove himself.
Eric has been extremely interested in climbing since Eric has been gripped by climbing since he was a
he was a teenager teenager
and refused to give up and refused to abandon
his burning desire to climb, his compulsion to climb,
despite the problem of losing his sight at the age of despite the setback of losing his sight at the age of
13. 13.
He has never given in to his blindness He has refused to be defeated by his blindness
and works himself hard to show and pushes himself to prove
that blind people are able to live exciting lives. that blind people are capable of living exciting
lives.

2.Rewrite the sentences

1.This record will never be beaten

There is no chance of beating this record.

2.It’s not important that someone else has already climbed Everest.
The fact that someone has already climbed Everest is beside the point.

3.It is not only men who feel compelled to succeed against the odds.
The compulsion to succeed against the odds is far from being a male preserve.

4. The explanation for this compulsion to take the risks may lie in a basic human need for challenges.
This compulsion to take risks may come down to a basic human need for challenges.

5.People who crave risk are not attracted by the routines of everyday life.
The routines of everyday life have/hold no allure for people who crave risk.

3. vocab with risk

calculated risk - a risk which you consider worth taking because the result, if it is successful,
will be so good:
The director took a calculated risk in giving the film's main role to an unknown actor.
►ryzyko skalkulowane
an element of risk - some risk, but not much
►czynnik ryzyka
worth the risk - ►wart ryzyka
take a risk - to decide to do something even though you know it may have bad results
► podejmować ryzyko
at risk - in a dangerous situation:
All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding.
►w niebezpieczeństwie, zagrożony
run the risk of doing sth - to do something although something bad might happen because of it.
► narażać się na
run/take a risk - to do sth you know might be dangerous:
Don't take any risks-just ring the police.
► ryzykować
at your own risk - used to mean that you are responsible for any damage, loss or difficulty:
Owners are reminded that they leave their cars here at their own risk.
► na własne ryzyko
Health/fire/security risk - 2 something bad that might happen:
This wire is a safety/fire risk.
His employers thought he was a security risk (= he might tell their secrets to a competitor).
security risk - something or someone likely to cause danger or difficulty:
The only reason she was considered a security risk was because her husband was a foreigner
►( o kimś) zagrożenie (potencjalne zagrożenie)
a good/bad/poor risk-
The company is quite a good risk (= safe to lend money to).
risk life and limb - to risk your life and health
He risked life and limb to get the cat down from the tree
► ryzykować życiem
a risky business

b.

1. Tourists should avoid the area because of the health/security risk.

2. Some people are prepared to risk life and limb taking part in adventure sport.
3. There is an element of risk in any venture.
4. Crossing the Atlantic in a rowing boat is a risky business/calculated risk.
5. If you leave your car here, it’s at your own risk.
6. Without a vaccination, you run the risk of catching measles.

c. Collocation

hold/run/launch a competition
enter/win/lose a competition
be knocked out of the competition
be in competition with

Have no doubts, raise/express doubts

Be beyond/ without doubts
An element of doubt
To doubt someone’s word

Big/huge/great success
The chances of success
A overnight success
Have success in doing sth
Words that are easily confused p.108

3a
lose (not have) verb - lost, lost - 1 to no longer possess something because you do not know where it is,
or because it has been taken away from you
► tracić, gubić, przegrywać,
loose - let sb loose-to allow someone to do what they want in a place
stationary – adj - not moving, or not changing:
a stationary car/train
► stacjonarny, nieruchomy, nieprzenośny, niezmienny, ustalony
stationery - noun 1 the items needed for writing, such as paper, pens, pencils and envelopes
2 good quality paper for writing letters on and matching envelopes
► papier listowy, materiały piśmienne
complementary – adj - useful or attractive together:
complementary colours/flavours/skills
►dopełniający, wzajemnie się uzupełniający.
complimentary – adj - 1 praising or expressing admiration for someone:
► pochlebny, uprzejmy, wyrażający szacunek,
affect (influence)(v)-to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause them to change
►oddziaływać, wpływać
effect (result)noun [C or U] 1 the result of a particular influence:
►wynik; efekt; skutek

1. In a crisis try not to lose your head

2. You shouldn’t let your dog loose on the road.
3. You can buy paper, pens etc in a stationery department.
4. Our car was stationary when the truck run into it.
5. Acupuncture and other complementary medicines are becoming more popular.
6. It was really complimentary about my new outfit.
7. How will the changes affect you?
8. My parents divorce had a big effect on me.

Describing emotions p.112

1. pleased : thrilled, elated

2. relieved : thankful, grateful

3. worried : anxious, apprehensive

4. surprised : astonished, stunned

5. sad : regretful, dejected

thrilled adj extremely pleased:
[+ that] I was thrilled that so many people turned up to the party.
►podekscytowany, zachwycony,
elated - adj - extremely happy and excited, often because something has happened or been achieved:
The prince was reported to be elated at/by the birth of his new daughter.
►zachwycony; wniebowzięty
relieved - adj - happy that something unpleasant has not happened or has ended:
[+ to infinitive] I'm so relieved to find you - I thought you'd already gone.
He was relieved to see Jeannie reach the other side of the river safely.
[+ (that)] I'm relieved (that) you didn't tell her.
►zadowolony, odczuwający ulgę
thankful - adj - pleased or grateful for something:
[+ that] I was thankful that the meeting didn't last long, because I had a train to catch.
►wdzięczny
grateful - adj - showing or expressing thanks, especially to another person:
I'm so grateful (to you) for all that you've done.
If you could get that report finished by Thursday I'd be very grateful.
►wdzięczny (za)
anxious - adj - worried and nervous:
My mother always gets a bit anxious if we don't arrive when we say we will.
I saw my sister's anxious face at the window.
The drought has made farmers anxious about the harvest.
►niespokojny, pełen troski
apprehensive - adj - feeling anxious about something that you are going to do:
I'm a bit apprehensive about tomorrow's meeting.
I've invited a lot of people to the party, but I'm a bit apprehensive that no one will come.
►pełen obaw; bojaźliwy; niespokojny
astonish - verb - to surprise someone very much:
I was astonished by how much she'd grown.
What astonished me was that he didn't seem to mind.
astonished adj [+ to infinitive]
I was astonished to see Miriam there.
They looked astonished when I announced I was pregnant.
The doctors were astonished at the speed of her recovery.
►zdziwiony
stun (shock) verb [T] -nn- to shock or surprise someone very much:
News of the disaster stunned people throughout the world.
She was stunned by the amount of support she received from well-wishers.
►szokować
stunned adj
They stood in stunned silence beside the bodies.
I am stunned and saddened by this news.
regretful adj expressing regret:
a regretful goodbye/glance/smile
►ubolewający; pełen żalu
dejected adj unhappy, disappointed or lacking hope:
She looked a bit dejected when she was told that she hadn't got the job.
►przygnębiony, zniechęcony, przybity.
b) Expressions

1. Now the exams are over, (I feel very relieved) it’s a weight off my mind
2. We were astonished when we heard the news. The news came as a huge surprise.
3. My parents were (thrilled) over the moon when they heard I was getting married.
4. The thought of losing my job has been (worrying) preying on my mind for months.
5. Even though I didn’t win,( I’m not sorry ) I have no regrets about taking part.

prey on your mind - If a problem preys on your mind, you think about it and worry about it a lot:
I lost my temper with her the other day and it's been preying on my mind ever since.
a load/weight off your mind - when a problem which has been worrying you stops or is dealt with:
I'm so relieved that I don't have to do the after-dinner speech - it's such a weight off my mind!
came as a huge surprise - an unexpected event
Last night's heavy snow came as a complete surprise.
be over the moon - to be very pleased:
She was over the moon about/with her new bike.
regret - noun - a feeling of sadness about something sad or wrong or about a mistake that you have made,
and a wish that it could have been different and better:
I left school at 16, but I've had a great life and I have no regrets.

Talking about change

1. If you won lots of money, you’d be able to give up working.

2. As a winner of a big competition, you’d be treated like a celebrity and invited onto TV chat shows
such like.
3. One consequences of passing your driving test would be that you’d have a lot more independence
4. With a new baby you’d have to adapt your life style completely
5. After retiring, it might to be get used to not having a structure to your day.

Module 7 Review p.118

1. In my job, there’s considerable element of risk.

2. he’s very nice person, but that’s beside the point.
3. I give a different answer depending on who I am talking to.
4. Her achievements speak for themselves.
5. When he set off in his boat, he was deeply apprehensive (pełen obaw)
6. He exposes himself to so many needless risk.
7. When it comes down to it, can you really afford to smoke?
8. He succumbed to temptation and had a large piece of chocolate cake.
9. Don’t throw away your money on computer games- save it!
10. I still shudder at the memory of the accident I had when climbing the mountain.
11. Spare a thought for me tomorrow, when you’re on the beach and I’m still here.
12. They agreed to meet at a mutually convenient time.
Let's share the cost and get her a great leaving If we clubbed/club together, we could get her a great
present. leaving present.
When I was ill in bed recently, I became really I got hooked on TV soap operas when I was ill in bed
interested in TV soap operas. recently.
He spends money for no particular reason. He spends money just for the sake of it.
I'm sorry I didn't ring you. I apologise for not ringing you.
She's got a lot of money. She's not short of money.
It's pointless making him work so hard. There's no point in pushing him too hard.
I never say I'm going to win in case I lose! I never temp fate by saying I'm going to win in case I lose!
When I heard her speak, it affected me Her speech made a profound (powerful, great, huge)
profoundly. impact on me.
He really wants to succeed. What drives him is the desire for success.
I'll never give up eating chocolates! There's no chance that I'll ever give up eating chocolates!

8A A changing society p.120-121

bow to sb/sth - to do what someone else wants you to do, usually unwillingly:
Eventually the government was forced to bow to public pressure and reform the tax.
►uginać się; przystawać, zgadzać się
perch (sit) verb
perch in/on, etc. sth to sit on or near the edge of something:
We perched on bar stools and had a beer.
A blackbird was perching on the gate.
►przycupnąć, siadać, przysiadać.
2 to be in a high position or in a position near the edge of something,
or to put something in this position:
The village is perched on top of a high hill.
►dogodne miejsce wysoko położone.
accustomed - adj 1 familiar with something:
She quickly became accustomed to his messy ways.
I'm not accustomed to being treated like this.
►przyzwyczajony; zwykły (typowy dla kogoś/czegoś)
indulgence - noun - when you indulge someone or yourself:
Chocolate is my only indulgence.
All the pleasures and indulgences of the weekend are over, and I must get down to some
serious hard work.
His health suffered from over-indulgence in (= too much) rich food and drink.
►słabość, dogadzanie ( sobie); pobłażanie, pobłażliwość nadmierna
vice (moral fault) noun 1 (a) moral fault or weakness in someone's character:
Greed, pride, envy, dishonesty and lust are considered to be vices.
(mainly humorous) My one real vice (= bad habit) is chocolate.
►wada, słabość
2 [U] illegal and immoral activities, especially involving illegal sex, drugs, etc:
The chief of police said that he was committed to wiping out vice in the city.
►występek,
ill 2 [C usually plural] a problem:
There seems to be no cure for Britain's economic/social ills.
►kłopoty, problemy
contentment -► zadowolenie, satysfakcja
elusive - adj - difficult to describe, find, achieve or remember:
The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever.
Success, however, remained elusive for her.
elusive memories
►nieuchwytny, ulotny, trudny do uchwycenia, wymykający się
cede verb - to give something such as ownership to someone else, especially unwillingly
or because forced to do so:
Hong Kong was ceded to Britain after the Opium War.
► dstępować, oddawać, przekazywać
deluge - noun 1 a very large amount of rain or water:
This little stream can become a deluge when it rains heavily.
2 a deluge of sth a lot of something:
The newspaper received a deluge of complaints/letters/phone calls about the article.
► potop
ogle - verb - to look at someone with obvious sexual interest:
I saw you ogling the woman in the red dress!
►wlepiać oczy ( pożądliwie)
skew - verb - to cause something to be not straight or exact; to twist or distort:
The company's results for this year are skewed because not all our customers have paid their bills.
►przechylać się, odchylać się,
screech - verb - to make a unpleasant loud high noise:
She was screeching at him at the top of her voice.
He was screeching with pain/laughter.
► wrzeszczeć; (of gears, tyres etc.)piszczeć.
glee - noun - happiness, excitement or pleasure:
She opened her presents with glee.
...screeching with glee at …
►zadowolenie, radość
conspicuous consumption noun - when people spend a lot of money intentionally so that other people
notice and admire them for their wealth
►szpan(owanie)
hoarding - noun - billboard
mugging - noun - an act of attacking someone and stealing their money:
Police are concerned that mugging is on the increase.
► napad rabunkowy
onslaught - noun - a very powerful attack:
It is unlikely that his forces could withstand an allied onslaught for very long.
Scotland's onslaught on Wales in the second half of the match earned them a 4-1 victory.
► gwałtowny atak, szturm, najazd
reel sth off - to say a long list of things quickly and without stopping:
The old man reeled off the names of his twenty-two grandchildren.
relent - verb - to act in a less severe way towards someone and allow something that you had refused to
allow before:
Her parents eventually relented and let her go to the party.
The security guard relented and let them through.
► ustępować, zmięknąć, dać się ubłagać
Verb phrases p.122

1. The Dragon King bowed to popular pressure.

2. Television could play a crucial role in the transformation of the country.
3. Cable companies have had no trouble capturing the market for TV viewers.
4. We used to think nothing of walking three days.
5. Now we can't be bothered to walk to the end of the street.
6. Dragon King Jigme lifted a ban on the small screen.
7. Children reel off a list of comedy program.
8. Television stands accused of threatening to destroy the country.

Although there are a number of systems, Sony and Although there are a number of systems, Sony and
Microsoft have a large percentage of sales. Microsoft have captured the market.
Many teenagers can quickly tell you the names of Many teenagers can reel off a list of the names of
lots of popular games. lots of popular games.
It's ironic that some people believe it's perfectly It's ironic that some people think nothing of playing
normal to play a computer football game for hours,... a computer football game for hours,...
...and yet they are too lazy to go into the garden to ...and yet they can't be bothered to go into the
actually kick a football. garden to actually kick a football.
It has been said that these games can be important in It has been said that these games can play a crucial
developing co-ordination. role in developing co-ordination.
As I don't want people to say I am resisting progress, As I don't want to stand accused of resisting
I have decided, this year,... progress, I have decided, this year,...
...to give in to the family's demands. ...to bow to popular pressure.
I'm going to remove the prohibition on computer I'm going to lift the ban on computer games in my
games in my house house

Vocabulary: fighting crime p.128-129

about pictures:

a) The police have arrested somebody.

b) The police officer is carrying out desk work.

c) The police are carrying out crowd-control duties. They have erected crowd barriers.

d) The police officer is carrying out protection duties. He is protecting Prince William.

e) The police officer is using a speed gun. He is trying to catch speeding motorists.

f) The police have sealed off the area while they attend the scene of crime.
Roles of the police:
– catch speeding motorists
– patrol the streets
– attend the scene of a crime
– use a speed gun
– arrest somebody
(for being drunk and disorderly/ disturbing the peace)
– carry out desk work
– carry out protection duties
– carry out crowd control duties
– seal off the area
– appear in court
– crowd barrier
– chase a suspect
– crime prevention
– community liaison
– investigate/ solve the crimes
– keep the peace
– respond the emergency calls
– help victims of crime

seal sth off - to prevent people from entering an area or building, often because it is dangerous:
Two more bombs have been discovered since the police sealed off the area.
► zabezpieczać
chase (follow) - verb 1 to hurry after someone or something in order to catch them:
The police car was going so fast, it must have been chasing someone.
She was chasing (after) a man who had snatched her bag.
liaison – noun 1 communication between people or groups who work with each other:
He blamed the lack of liaison between the various government departments.
The police have appointed a liaison officer to work with the local community.
2 [C] MAINLY US someone who helps groups to work effectively with each other:
She served as a liaison between the different groups.

2. Crimestoppers

• Crimestoppers is a registered charity which works with local communities and helps to harness
public support in the fight against the crime.
• By providing its number, Crimestoppers allows the general public to alert the police to criminal
activities that affect their community, such as drug-dealing, armed robbery, burglary or murder.
• The key to the success of the scheme is that the callers always retain their anonymity. No names are
asked for, calls are not recorded, and no written statement or court appearance is required.
• For people who might possess vital information, Crimestoppers creates an opportunity for them to
come forward without fearing reprisals.
• The caller is given a unique code, which entitles them to a reward if the information secures a
conviction.
• Only four per cent of callers actually take up (accept) this offer.
• Since it was set up (established) in 1988, Crimestoppers has received over 480,000 calls with useful
information, resulting in the arrest of over 44,000 suspected offenders.
 • Over 55 million pounds worth of property has been recovered, as well as drugs to the value of the 60
million pounds.
• Every five days, someone is charged with murder or attempted murder, following calls to
Crimestoppers.

Module 8: Review p.134

1. German firms have captured over 70% of the market.

2. The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion or sex.
3. The government bowed to popular pressure.
4. This digital music player suits me down to the ground.
5. Parents play a crucial role in a child's upbringing.
6. The man was charged with armed robbery.
7. All our efforts will be worth it in the long run.
8. The government has published some highly controversial new proposals for educational reform.
9. Some people can't even be bothered to lock their car.
10. We don't want to inhibit people from expressing their views.

suit sb (right) down to the ground - If something suits someone down to the ground, it suits them perfectly,
usually because it is convenient for them:
Part-time work would suit me right down to the ground.
in the long run - at a time that is far away in the future:
It seems a lot of effort but I'm sure it's the best solution in the long run.
can't be bothered - If you can't be bothered doing/to do something, you are too lazy or tired to do it:
I can't be bothered to iron my clothes.
Most evenings I can't be bothered cooking.
inhibit - verb - to prevent someone from doing something, or to slow down a process or the growth of
something:
Some workers were inhibited (from speaking) by the presence of their managers.
This drug inhibits the growth of tumours.
► 1.zakazywać. 2. hamować, powstrzymywać

2 similar meaning

The company changed the rules to allow people to The company lifted the ban on people working
work nights. nights,
Only one witness has offered to help. Only one witness has come forward.
The newspapers only seem to write about young The newspapers seem (totally) preoccupied with
people. young people.
Someone robbed him last night. He was a victim of a robbery last night.
We need to cut back on the amount of traffic on our We need to reduce congestion on our roads.
roads.
He didn't realise he'd done something wrong. He didn't realise he had committed an offence
(= a crime)
It's time we got the public talking about terrorism. It's time we initiated a public debate on terrorism.
Suddenly there was a lot of crime. Suddenly there was a crime wave.
lift - verb - to end a rule or law:
The restrictions on water usage have been lifted now that the river levels are normal.
At last they've lifted the ban on jeans at the club.
congestion - noun - blocked or crowded
The (traffic) congestion in the city gets even worse during the summer.
► zatłoczenie, przeciążenie, zator
come forward - to offer to give help or information:
No witnesses to the accident have come forward yet, despite the police's appeal.
Nobody has yet come forward with any information relating to the girl's death.

9A Something to say p.138

Vocabulary , similar meanings page 138

1. extremely tiny- infinitesimally small (vibrations)

2. interrupts- comes in on ( the conversation)
3. solve – crack (a code)
4. common- pervasive (forms of communication)
5. communicate- convey (messages)
6. makes- emits ( a loud trumpeting sound)
7. frighten off –scare away (a predator)
8. explain- account for ( the telepathic way)
9. put into a code – encode (identify)
10. identify the difference – discriminate between (one chick and another)
11. the reason for this is that – This reflect the fact that
12. small signs- traces
13. sad- plaintive (call)
14. frighten – intimidate (rivals)
15. strong smelling- pungent substance
16. does the same – responds in kind
17. moves away- backs off
18. depend on- look to ( the starling)
19. climb- take to the trees
20. show- exhibit (very sophisticated behaviour)
21. developed- evolved (a special alarm call)
22. including – down to (their size)

Sounds
Sound Animal characteristics
1. trumpet elephant loud, high, long, musical
2. roar lion loud, low, long
3. rumble elephant quiet, very low, long (dudnienie)
4. whistle starling loud, high, short, could be musical
5. squeak mouse quiet, high, short
6. hiss snake quiet, long
7. growl dog quiet, very low, long
8. croak frog loud, low, short
b) word + sound verb

1. an engine – roar
2. thunder – rumble
3. an audience – whistle, roar (of a crowd), hiss ( in a pantomime)
4. the wind – whistle/roar
5. an old door – squeak
6. a burst tyre – hiss
7. a sporting event – whistle/roar
8. someone boasting ( chwalący się) – trumpet
9. nervousness – squeak / croak
10. anger – hiss, growl, roar
11. getting attention – whistle, hiss

1. Get out of my way’, growled (quietly)/ roared (loudly) the old man as he pushed past me.
2. The company is proudly trumpeting the fact that it has won the contract.
3. The audience, which hated the speaker, booted and hissed throughout his talk.
4. The rubber soles of my shoes squeaked on the shiny floor.
5. ‘help’, she croaked her throat dry with fear.
6. fans yelled and whistled with excitement when the band came on stage.
7. Everyone roared with laughter when he told the joke.4
8. James was so hungry that his stomach rumbled all through the meeting.

Animal idioms

1. to smell a rat – to be suspicious about what you hear or see

2. to let the cat out of the bag – to give away a secret
3. to hear sth straight from the horse’s mouth –to be told sth directly from the source
4. to talk the hind leg off a donkey –to speak at length about unimportant things
5. to rabbit on about sth –to talk for a long time in an annoying way
6. wouldn’t say boo to a goose –to be quiet or shy
7. to say sth parrot fashion – to repeat sth without understanding it

1. I know this information is true - I heard it straight from the horse’s mouth.
2. My aunt Sally never stops chatting; she could talk the hind legs off a donkey.
3. It was supposed to be a surprise party, but someone must have let the cat out of the bag.
4. I am surprised Jen stood up to her boss like that, normally she wouldn’t say boo to a goose.
5. Gary said he was going to work, but he’s obviously somewhere else. I smell a rat!
6. I’m not surprised Kathy’s phone bill is so high the way she rabbits on.
7. At school we had to learn poems and then repeat them parrot fashion.
Module 9: Review p.150

1. The level of hype surrounding the launch of this car is unprecedented.

2. Let's hope that everything goes according to plan.
3. Peter could talk the hind leg of a donkey.
4. Genetically modified crops could pose a threat to wildlife.
5. Many kids can't discriminate between one brand and another.
6. She emitted a peculiar screech which startled the audience.
7. They swore at me, so I answered in kind.
8. I'm sometimes overwhelmed by the sheer amount of junk mail I receive.
9. Some people confess to crimes they haven't committed.
10. Back off, will you! We'll tell you when we're ready.

unprecedented adj - never having happened or existed in the past:

This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale.
► bez precedensu; niespotykany.
discriminate (see a difference) verb - to be able to see the difference between two things or people:
Police dogs can discriminate between the different smells.
► odróżniać, rozróżniać
in kind 1 (of payment) given in the form of goods or services and not money:
She wouldn't take any money but said I could pay her in kind by lending her the car.
*2 If you do something in kind, you do the same thing to someone that they have just done to you.

10A You have to laugh p.152-153

stumble across/on/upon sth/sb phrasal verb to discover something by chance, or to meet someone by
chance:
Workmen stumbled upon the mosaic while digging foundations for a new building.
vocation - noun - a type of work that you feel you are suited to doing and to which you should give all your
time and energy, or the feeling of suitability itself:
I feel I've found/missed my true vocation.
"We need teachers who regard their profession as a vocation, not just a job, " said the Minister.
► powołanie; zamiłowanie; (trade, profession) zajęcie, zawód.
underpin verb [T] -nn- to give support, strength or a basic structure to something:
He presented the figures to underpin his argument.
► podpierać, wspierać, wzmacniać
albeit - ► choć, chociaż, aczkolwiek
compelling - adj
► nieodparty; (fascinating) fascynujący, zajmujący.
pliable - adj - 1 A pliable substance bends easily without breaking or cracking:
Some kinds of plastic become pliable if they're heated.
► (flexible) giętki, sprężysty, miękki, elastyczny;
preoccupation -
► chorobliwe zajęcie się jakimś problemem
Vocabulary 154,
Similar meanings

1. never said anything- never uttered a word

2. discovered his future vocation by chance – stumbled across
3. developing a strong relationship – forging
4. provide a solid basis for his career – underpin
5. a passion that is so strong that he thinks of little else –all-consuming
6. easily recognized and widely known face- trademark
7. very ordinary words- nondescript
8. apparent spontaneity that is in fact carefully planned-contrived
9. a harmful experience- debilitating
10. he shakes (because he thinks of sth unpleasant)-shudders
11. a nasty and unpleasant filling –vicious 1.złośliwy; zawzięty.3. a ~ circle błędne koło.
12. insist that-is adamant that
13. an unusual and impressive success –phenomenal
14. enjoy – relish

collocations

a phenomenal achievement
a vicious satire/headache
a nondescript suburban house/grey suit
a contrived comedy/ story
a all-consuming interest/ preoccupation
forge an agreement/alliance
utter (wypowiadać) a sound/name
shudder at the thought/ with embarrassment

3.

1.Atkinson is now a well-established comedy actor.

2.However, he is very modest and not at all self-important.
3.An actor’s career can easily go off-track if they choose the wrong part.
4.No self-respecting actor would appear in a shampoo commercial.
5.Acting tends to be a low-paid job, so actors often need to find other work.
6.Photo-journalists try to catch celebrities off-guard to get more natural pictures.
7. Atkinson seldom gives interviews and prefers a low-profile lifestyle.
Module 10: Review p.166

1. He built his reputation performing across the length and breadth of the country.
2. During his mime act, he doesn't utter a word.
3. In my view, Puccini's operas are vastly overrated,
4. She was absolutely adamant that she wasn't going to pay any more for the tickets.
5. He turns his charm on and off like a tap.
6. No self-respecting singer would work without good musicians to back them.
7. I've got a really vicious headache this morning.
8. The producers claimed they were not out to manufacture a star.
9. Many aspiring young artists can learn a lot from the older comedians.
10. At the risk of stating the obvious, you'll need to book your ticket early.
11. The special effects were over the top – the were just too many of them.
12. I'd like to set up a new charity for out-of-work actors.

the length and breadth of somewhere - If you travel the length and breadth of a place,
you go to every part of it:
She travelled the length and breadth of Ireland looking for her missing brother.
overrate verb - to have too good an opinion of something:
Be careful not to overrate the opposition.
overrated - adj -
In my opinion, she's a hugely overrated singer.
►przeceniać (kogoś, coś), przereklamowywać
adamant - adj - impossible to persuade, or unwilling to change an opinion or decision:
[+ that] I've told her she should stay at home and rest but she's adamant that she's coming.
►nieugięty, niewzruszony
vicious - adj - 1 describes people or actions that show an intention or desire to hurt someone or something
very badly:
a vicious thug
a vicious dog
The police said that this was one of the most vicious attacks they'd ever seen.
He gave her a vicious look.
2 describes an object, condition or remark that causes great physical or emotional pain:
- a large collection of vicious medieval torture instruments
- I've got a vicious headache.
- Make sure you wrap up warmly - there's a vicious (= extremely strong and unpleasant)
wind out there.
- a vicious lie/accusation/rumour
► podstępny, nienawistny, okrutny, zjadliwy, złośliwy, narowisty,
wadliwy, błędny, fałszywy, rozpustny
over the top (abbreviation OTT) too extreme and not suitable, or demanding too much attention or effort,
especially in an uncontrolled way:
I thought the decorations were way (= very) over the top.
The speech was a bit OTT.
I think he realised he'd gone over the top with the seating arrangements.
►przesadzać, przeholowywać \
obvious adj clear; easy to see, recognize or understand:
[+ (that)] It's obvious (that) she doesn't like him.
They have a small child so for obvious reasons they need money.
I know you don't like her, but do you have to make it so obvious?
*Am I stating the obvious (= saying what everyone already knows)?
2.

As soon as he came on stage, I started to laugh. As soon as he came on stage, I burst out laughing.
I discovered one of her old records in a second-hand I stumbled across one of her old records in a
shop yesterday. second-hand shop yesterday.
I don't mind you going to the show. I have no objections to your going to the show.
It's a tradition that has been around for a long time. It's a long-established tradition.
Many amateur stage productions underpinned his Many amateur stage productions formed/provided
later success in movies. the basis for his later success in movies.
His only passion is music. He has an all-consuming passion for music.
Do you think his performance will ever improve? Do you think there's any prospect of his
performance ever improving?
He's not working tonight. He's off duty/ not on duty tonight.