EXPERIMENT - 1

MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DC SHUNT GENERATOR

Aim:
1. Magnetic characteristics of dc shunt generator.
2. Determination of Critical Field Resistance and Critical Speed
Apparatus:

SL.No Apparatus Range Type Qty

1 Voltmeter 0 – 300 V MC 01

2 Ammeter 0–2A MC 01

3 Rheostat 145Ω/2.8A 01

4 Rheostat 1kΩ/1kA 01

5 Tachometer Digital 01

6 Connecting wires Required

Name plate details:

SL.No Parameters Motor Generator

1 Rated voltage

2 Rated current

3 Rated speed

4 Rated power

5 Rated field current

Theory:
Connect the field winding back to the armature and run the machine as a shunt
generator. Due to residual magnetism in the poles, some emf and hence current, would be
generated. This current while passing through the field coils will strengthen the magnetism of
the poles. This will increase the pole flux which will further increase the generated emf
increased emf more current which further increase the flux so on.
 3–Point Starter

Circuit Diagram

L F A
3-Point Starter
DPST Fuse L F A
(5A)
(+)

+
0–2A A
MC
−
1K Ω/1 KA
145Ω/2.8A +
A A Z
220-V Z V (0-300) V
MC
DC-Supply −

M G

ZZ ZZ
AA AA
(-)

MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DC SHUNT GENERATOR

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram shown in above figure.
2. Set the potential divider to zero and output keeping the motor field rheostat in
minimum position.
3. Switch on the supply and start the motor with 3-point starter. Check the speed of the
motor, if below the rated speed then adjust the speed by controlling the field rheostat.
Bring the speed to the rated speed.
4. The speed of the motor should be maintained constant over the experiment
5. Note down the voltmeter reading s at zero field current If.
6. Increase the Ish of the generator in steps by changing the potential divider position up
to little higher value than the rated voltage of the generator.
7. Take the readings of the If and Eg (Voltage) at each step by increasing and decreasing
values of the potential divider.
8. Make all the equipment to initial positions and open the DPST.
Observation Table:

S. No Generated (Eg) Field Current( )

Model Calculations:
Critical field resistance (Rc) = OA/OY

Field resistance (Rf) =

The maximum voltage the Generator can induce with this field resistance = E = If × Rsh

E=

Critical Speed = YZ/BZ * N

Model Graph:-

Precautions:

1) Avoid loose connections

2) Readings are taken without parallax error

Result:

1. The OCC of a DC shunt generator has been observed

2. Critical field resistance =
3. Critical speed =
 Experiment – 2

SWINBURNE’ S TEST ON DC SHUNT MACHINE

PREDETERMINATION OF EFFICIENCIES

Aim: To find the efficiency of given DC shunt motor at any load using
swinburne’s test.

Apparatus:

S. No Apparatus Range Quantity Type

1 Voltmeter 0 – 300V 1 MC
2 Ammeter 0 – 2A 1 MC
3 Ammeter 0 – 1A 1 MC
4 Rheostat 145/2A 1
5 Tachometer 1 Digital
Name plate details:

S. No Parameters Motor
1 Rated voltage
2 Rated current
3 Rated speed
4 Rated power
5 Rated field current
Theory:

DC shunt motor is a relatively constant speed motor used for

general applications. Its starting torque is poor. The motor can be rotated at
no load. The efficiency of the motor can be found using Swinburne’s test at
any load without actually loading the machine. However, the efficiency
found by this method is slightly higher than the actual value. As this test is
conducted at no load, minimum energy will be wasted. This motor is allowed
to run at no load at rated speed. Under this condition the power input to the
motor will be no load power. That is no load losses. The copper losses can be
found out at any load by measuring the armature resistance.
The main advantage of this method is that we can find the
efficiency of the machine in both the cases when it is working as a motor or
a generator by using the appropriate formula for finding the armature
current from the load current and thus the copper losses.
 3–Point Starter

Circuit Diagram

(0-5A) 3-Point Starter

(DPST) Fuse (MC) L F A L F A
(5A)
(+)
+
A
-

+
(0-2A)
(MC) A
-
+
220-V (0-300V) 145/2A A
(MC) V
DC-Supply
-
M

AA

(-)

SWINBURNE’S TEST ON D.CSHUNT MOTOR

Procedure:

1. Make all the connections are as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep the field rheostat in minimum resistance position.
3. Excite the motor with 220V, DC supply by closing the DPST switch
and start the Motor by moving the handle of 3-point starter from OFF
to ON position.
4. By adjusting the rheostat in motor field bring the speed of the motor
to its rated value. Note down the readings of Ammeter and Voltmeter
at no load condition.
5. The necessary calculation to find efficiency of machine as motor at
any given value of armature current is done.

(a) Observation table:

Terminal Load Current Field Current Speed

Voltage (V ) (I ) (I ) (N)

(b) Calculation of Swinburne’s test.

Load x Output
Load Armature Armature
% in Input = I/p – Efficiency
S.No Current Current CU loss
terms of (V ∗ I ) Wc - (%η)
(I ) (I ) I R
I I R
1 20
2 30
3 40
4 50
4 60
5 70
6 80
7 90
8 100
9 110
10 120
 Calculations:

No load input = V I

Total loss = Constant losses + Armature loss = V I

VI =W + I R (W )

W =VI -I R

Output = Input – (W + I R );

Input = V I

Efficiency (η) = Output / Input

Armature CU loss =I R

Model Graph:

 Efficiency V Load current

Efficiency (η) in %

Load current (I ) in amps

Precaution:

1. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance

position.
2. The motor armature rheostat should be kept at maximum
resistance position.
3. All the meter reading must be taken without parallaxes error.

Result:
1. The Swinburne’s test has been performed on DC Motor and
efficiency of motor is obtained.
2. Efficiency =
 Experiment – 3

Brake Test on a DC Shunt Motor

Aim: To conduct a brake test on given DC compound motor by direct
loading through Belt and drum.
Apparatus:

S.No Name of the Equipment Range Type Quantity

1 Voltmeter 0 – 300 V MC 1
2 Ammeter 0 – 20 A MC 1
3 Ammeter 0–2A MC 1
4 Tachometer DIGITAL 1
5 Rheostat 145Ω/2.8A 1
6 Connecting wires

Name plate details:

Parameters Motor
1 Rated voltage
2 Rated current
3 Rated speed
4 Rated power
5 Rated field current

Theory:
DC shunt motor consists of two main losses, and variable losses.
Variable losses depend on load and constant losses are independent of load.
DC shunt motor is a constant speed motor having poor starting torque and
the shunt motor is used for constant speed, turning torque is required. Even
it is said to be constant speed of motor with increase in load speed of motor
decreased and also with increase in load speed of the motor increases and
performance characteristics of motor can be determined by conducting load
test on it. In brake load test the shaft of the motor is equipped with brake
drum and belt arrangements. The load on the motor is applied by tightening
the belt. As we tighten the belt, the friction will go on energy is wasted. So
this is not the best method for testing the machine.
 3–Point Starter
Circuit Diagram

(0-20A) 3-Point Starter L F A

SPST MI L F A
Fuse + -
(+) A
(20A)
+

(0-2A) A
MI W1 W2
-
+

220-V (0-300) 145Ω/2A

V A
DC-Supply MI Z
-

ZZ
AA

(-)

BRAKE TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram shown in the figure.
2. Keep the field Rheostat at minimum position.
3. Check the belt is very loose so that there is no load on the motor.
4. Start the motor with the 3-point starter; check the speed of the motor
with the help of a tachometer. If the speed is below the rated speed
then adjust the field regulator. So that the motor runs at rated speed.
5. Apply the load on the motor by slowly by tightening the belt.
6. Take the readings of the voltmeter ammeter and the spring balance
weights readings at each of increasing the load up to the rated current
of the motor.
7. Cool the break drum by pouring the water in it though out the loading
period.

Precaution:

1. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance

position.
2. The motor armature rheostat should be kept at maximum
resistance position.
3. All the meter reading must be taken without parallaxes error.

Formula:

Torque (T) = (W1 - W2)*9.81*r in N-M

Output power = in watts

Input power = VI

.
Efficiency (η) = in %
.
Observation table:

Spring
Output
Voltage Current Speed balance Torque (T) = Input Efficiency
Power =
S. No Reading 2πNT .
(V) (I) (N) (W1-W2)*9.81*r Power = VI (η)=
.
(W ) (W ) 60
Expected graph:

The graphs are drawn as

 Speed VS output power

 Torque VS output power
 Efficiency VS output power

NT N


Output

Result:
The performance of DC shunt motor is obtained by brake test Efficiency =
 Experiment – 4
Brake Test on a DC Compound Motor
Aim:
To conduct brake test on dc compound motor and to determine the
performance curves.
[

Apparatus:

S No Apparatus Range Type Quantity

1 Voltmeter (0-300V) MC 1

2 Ammeter (0-20A) MC 1

3 Ammeter (0-2A) MC 1

4 Tachometer Digital 1

5 Rheostat 145Ω/2.8A 1

Name plate details:

Parameters Motor
1 Rated voltage
2 Rated current
3 Rated speed
4 Rated power
Rated field
5
current

Theory:
As the DC compound motor consists of both series and shunt field winding
the motor follows combined characteristics of series and shunt motor. There
are two types of compound motor (cumulative and differential compound)
depending on the combination of fluxes, created by series and shunt field. If
the series field aid the shunt field flux, then the motor is said to be
cumulatively compound. If the series field flux opposes the shunt field flux,
then the motor is said to be differentially compound. The differential
compound motor speed increases with the increase in the load on the motor.
The cumulative compound motor speed is either constant or drops with
increase in load depending on the effect of the series field.
 3–Point Starter

Circuit Diagram:-

4-Point Starter L F A
(0-20A)
DPST Fuse (MC) L N F A
(5A)
+
A -
(+)
+ W1 W2
Y
(0-2A)
A
(MC)

- YY
+ 145Ω/2.8A
(0-300V) A
220 -V
(MC) V Z
DC-Supply
-
M

ZZ
AA

(-)

BRAKE TEST ON DC COMPOUND MOTOR

Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit figure.

2. Keep the D.C compound motor field rheostat at minimum.
3. Check that pulley should be very loose so that there is no load.
4. Start the motor with the help of a 3-point starter check the speed
with the help of the tachometer, of the speed is below the rated speed,
adjust the field regulator, so that motor is rotating at rated speed.
5. Increase the load by tightening the belt slowly up the rated current of
the motor.
6. Note down the readings of the voltmeter, ammeter and spring
balance.
7. In the breaking arrangement entire power is eliminated in the form of
heat at the brake drum, so pour the water in it.
8. Make all the equipment to initial values and open the DPST.

Precautions:

1. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance

position.
2. The motor armature rheostat should be kept at maximum
resistance position.
3. All the meter reading must be taken without parallaxes error.

Formulae:

Torque (T) = (W1 - W2)*9.81*r in N-M

Output power = in watts

Input power = VI

.
Efficiency (η) = in %
.
Observation table:

Spring
Output
balance Efficiency
Voltage Current Speed Torque (T) = Power = Input
S. No Reading 2πNT
.
(V) (I) (N) (W1-W2)*9.81*r Power = VI (η)=
.
(W ) (W ) 60
Model Graphs:

1. Draw graphs speed (N) Vs current (I)

2. Draw graphs torque (T) Vs current (I)
3. Draw graphs speed (N) Vs torque (T)

Result:

The performance of DC compound motor is obtained by brake test

Efficiency =
 EXPERIMENT 5
LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT GENERATOR

Aim:
To conduct a load test on the given DC Shunt generator and to obtain
the following performance characteristics.

1. Internal characteristics (Eg v/s Ia)

2. External characteristics (V v/s IL)

Apparatus:

S. No Apparatus Range Type Qty

1 Voltmeter 0-300 Volts MC 02

2 Ammeter 0-20 Amps MC 01

3 Ammeter 0-2Amps MC 02
Wire
4 Rheostat 145Ω/2.8A 01
wound
Wire
5 Rheostat 1KΩ/1KA 01
wound
6 Tachometer 0-1500 RPM Digital 01
Copper
7 Connecting wires 1sq.mm/2sq.mm Required
wire

Name plate details:

S. No Parameters Motor Generator

1 Rated voltage
2 Rated current
3 Rated speed
4 Rated power
Rated field
5
current
Theory:
By conducting load test on DC shunt generator we can get load
characteristics i.e., Internal & External characteristics. By exciting the m/c,
the field current increases and voltage build up. After the machine has
attained 220V the rated load is switched on. With increase in load, the
voltage will be dropped.
 3–Point Starter

Circuit Diagram

L F A

3-Point Starter (0-20)A

DPST FUSE MC DPST FUSE
L F A
(16)A - (20)A
+
(+) A
+
+
(0-2)A
A
(0-2)A MC
A (+)
MC
-

+ - +
1K /1A L
220-V O
(0-300)V V 145Ω/2.8A A V (0-300)V
DC-Supply MC Z A A
Z MC
D
- -

M G
(-)
ZZ ZZ
AA AA
(-)

LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT GENERATOR

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit the circuit as shown in the figure.
2. Start the motor with the help of 3-point starter.
3. Adjust the field regulator of the motor so that the motor runs at rated
speed.
4. And adjust the potential divider so that rated voltage is obtained at its
terminals.
5. Gradually apply the load on the generator in steps and note down
readings of the load as given on the name plate details of the
generator keeping the speed constant by adjusting the field regulator
of the motor.
6. Plot the external and internal characteristic graph.
Observation table:
S.No Load Load Field Armature Armature General emf
Voltage current current drop current (E = V + I R )
(V ) (V ) (I ) (I R ) (I = I + I )
Volts Amps Amps Amps Amps Volts

Model graph:
The graphs are drawn as
 Generated emf V Armature current
 Terminal voltage V load current

V, Armature reaction drop

Eg
Armature resistance drop

0
IL , Ia
Precaution:
1. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance
position.
2. All the meter reading must be taken without parallaxes error.
3. The motor armature rheostat should be kept at maximum
resistance position

Result:
Internal and external characteristics are plotted by conducting load test
on DC shunt generator.
 EXPERIMENT 6
LOAD TEST ON DC COMPOUND GENERATOR
Aim:
To conduct load test on DC compound generator and to determine its
characteristics.
Apparatus:
S. No Apparatus Range Type Qty
1 Voltmeter 0-300 Volts MC 02
2 Ammeter 0-20 Amps MC 01
3 Ammeter 0-2Amps MC 02
Wire
4 Rheostat 145Ω/2.8A 01
wound
Wire
5 Rheostat 1KΩ/1KA 01
wound
6 Tachometer 0-1500 RPM Digital 01
Copper
7 Connecting wires 1sq.mm/2sq.mm Required
wire
Name plate details:

S. No Parameters Motor Generator

1 Rated voltage
2 Rated current
3 Rated speed
4 Rated power
Rated field
5
current

Theory:
The DC compound generator has both series and shunt field winding.
If the series field flux aids the shunt field then the generator is said to be
cumulatively compound generator. If series field flux opposes the shunt field
then the generator is said to be differentially compound generator. As load
increase the series field flux increase and shunt field fluxes are constant. So
for cumulative compound generator with increase in load the terminal
voltage increase and for differential compound generator with increase in
load the terminal voltage decreases. The fall in terminal voltage takes place
even due to armature reaction and armature resistance.
 3–Point Starter

Circuit Diagram

L F A

4-Point Starter (0-20)A

DPST FUSE MC DPST FUSE
L N F A (16)A
(16)A + -
(+) A
+
+
Y Y (0-2)A A
(0-2)A MC
A (+)
MC -
-
+ 1K /1A
+
YY YY
220-V
(0-300)V (0-300)V
DC-Supply V A A V
MC Z MC
Z
- -

M G
(-)
ZZ ZZ
AA AA

(-)

LOAD TEST ON DC COMPOUND GENERATOR

Procedure:
1. Make the connections as shown in the figure
2. Keep the D.C motor field in minimum position and generator rheostat
in minimum position initially load should not be connected to
generator output terminals and are open circuited.
3. Motor started with the help of a 3-point starter and its field regulator
is adjusted so that rated speed of motor obtained
4. The gen field rheostat is also adjusted such that the rated voltage is
obtained at the gen terminals.
5. By keeping the gen field excitation constant load is switched on varied
in steps and meters readings are tabulated.
6. In each step of load variation readings are taken the motor is running
at rated speed is achieved by adjusting motor field rheostat variation
of load in speed is continued till the generator supplies rated current.
7. When the current exceeds gen rated current decrease the load to zero
and open the DPST

Observation table:
IL, VT, If,
S. No IA= IL+ If Eg = VT + IA(Ra+Rsc)
Amps Volts Amps
Model Graph:
The graphs are drawn as

Results:
By conducting load test the performance characteristics of DC
compound generator are obtained.
 EXPERIMENT 7
LOAD TEST ON DC SERIES GENERATOR

Aim: To conduct load test on the given DC series generator and to obtain
its performance characteristics.
Apparatus:

S. No Apparatus Range Type Quantity

1 Voltmeter 0-300 Volts MC 02
2 Ammeter 0-20 Amps MC 01
3 Ammeter 0-2Amps MC 02
Wire
4 Rheostat 145Ω/2.8A 01
wound
Wire
5 Rheostat 1KΩ/1KA 01
wound
6 Tachometer 0-1500 RPM Digital 01
Copper
7 Connecting wires 1sq.mm/2sq.mm Required
wire
Name plate details:
S. No Parameters Motor Generator
1 Rated voltage
2 Rated current
3 Rated speed
4 Rated power
Rated field
5
current
Theory:
In a series generator, field winding of generator is connected in series to
armature. The armature, field and the load are in series; hence for voltage
build up, current should flow in the field winding. Thus at no load, the
voltage built up is only due to residual flux. As the load increases, current
starts flowing in the field winding causing further build up of voltage. This
causes further current to flow. This regeneration process helps the series
generator build up e.m.f.
In series generator, the terminal voltage rises rapidly with load
current. But at high loads, the voltage starts decreasing due to excessive
demagnetizing effects of armature reaction. DC series generators are mainly
used as series boosters connected to line, to neutralize the effect of line
ohmic drop.
 3–Point Starter

Circuit Diagram:-

L F A

3-Point Starter (0-20)A

DPST
DPST FUSE (0-2)A MC Fuse
L F A
(20)A 145Ω/2.8A + - (20)A
MC
(+) A
+
+
A (0-2)A +
MC A
- -
+ + L
220-V
(0-300)V O
DC-Supply V A A (0-300)V
MC Z V A
Z MC
- D
-
M G

-
ZZ
AA AA
ZZ
(-)

LOAD TEST ON DC SERIES GENERATOR

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit the circuit as shown in the figure.
2. Start the motor with the help of 3-point starter.
3. Adjust the field regulator of the motor so that the motor runs at rated
speed.
4. And adjust the potential divider so that rated voltage is obtained at its
terminals.
5. Gradually apply the load on the generator in steps and note down
readings of the load as given on the name plate details of the
generator keeping the speed constant by adjusting the field regulator
of the motor.
6. Plot the external and internal characteristic graph.
Observation table:
Terminal Load current
S. No Eg
voltage (V) IL = Ia = Ise

Model Graph:
Precautions:
1. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance
position.
2. All the meter reading must be taken without parallaxes error.
3. The motor armature rheostat should be kept at maximum
resistance position.

Result:
Internal and external characteristics are ploted by conducting load
test on DC series generator.
 EXPERIMENT 8
SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR

Aim: To conduct speed controls on DC shunt motor.

The methods
1. Armature voltage control method
2. Flux control method
Apparatus:
S. No Apparatus Range Type Quantity
1 Voltmeter
2 Ammeter
3 Ammeter
4 Rheostat
5 Rheostat
6 Tachometer
7 Connecting wires

Name plate details:

S. No Parameters Motor Generator
1 Rated voltage
2 Rated current
3 Rated speed
4 Rated power
Rated field
5
current
Theory:
i) Armature voltage control method:
For a load of constant Torque, the speed is proportional to the applied to the
armature. Therefore speed voltage characteristic is linear and is a straight
line. As the voltage is decrease across the armature the speed falls. This
method gives speeds less than rated speeds.
Eb α ΦN
Eb α N
V-Ia(Ra+R) α N
As the voltage is a decreased speed decrease.
 ii) Flux Control Method:
With rated voltage applied to the motor, the field resistance is increased i.e
field current is decreased. I t is observed that speed increases.
Eb/Φ α N
N α Eb/If
The characteristics If Vs N is inverse (or) if it is hyperbola.

Procedure:
1. Armature Voltage Control Method
a. Make connections as per the circuit diagram.
b. Keeping both rheostats at minimum, Start the motor with the
help of starter and by adjusting field rheostat bring the motor to
rated speed.
c. By increasing armature circuit rheostat in steps note down
voltage, Ia and speed at every step.
d. The corresponding graph is draw between armature Voltage Vs
speed
2. Flux Control method
a. Make connections as per the circuit diagram.
b. Keeping both rheostats at minimum, Start the motor with the
help of starter and by adjusting field rheostat bring the motor to
rated speed.
c. By increasing field circuit rheostat in steps note down current,
If and speed at every step.
d. The corresponding graph is draw between field current Vs
speed.
 3–Point Starter
Circuit Diagram

3-Point Starter
DPST L F A
L F A
Fuse
(+)
(20A)
+
(0-2A) A
MI 145Ω/2A
-
+
220-V (0-300) 145Ω/2A
V A
DC-Supply MI Z
- +
(0-300)
M V MI
-
ZZ
AA
(-)

SPEED CONTROL TESST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

Observation table:

Armature Voltage Control Method:

Armature Voltage
S. No Speed in RPM
in volts

Flux Control Method:

Field Current in
S. No Speed in RPM
Amps
Expected Graphs:

Precautions:
1. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance
position.
2. All the meter reading must be taken without parallaxes error.
3. The motor armature rheostat should be kept at maximum
resistance position.

Result:
 Experiment 9

Hopkinson’s Test on DC Shunt Machines

Aim: To perform Hopkinson’s test on 2 identical DC shunt machines and

to determine their efficiency.
Apparatus:

S. No Apparatus Range Type Quantity

I Voltmeter
II Ammeter
III Ammeter
IV Tachometer
V SPST switch

Name plate details:

S. No Parameters Motor Generator

1 Rated voltage
2 Rated current
3 Rated speed
4 Rated power
5 Rated field current
Theory:
Hopkinson’s test is a regenerative or back-to-back test where 2
identical DC machines are loaded and tested simultaneously. The power
supply drives the motor. The generator that is coupled to the motor
generators e.m.f. This voltage is given back to the input terminals of the
motor. The power consumed by the supply lines is only to compensate the
losses in both machines. Thus in Hopkinson’s load 2 machines of similar
type can be tested simultaneously.
The advantages of this method are:
1. The method can be used for large size machines because the power
drawn from the D.C source has to furnish only the losses in the two
machines.
2. The machine can be tested under rated load condition and thus the
temperature raise and Commutation processes can be checked.
3. The efficiency is being determined under rated load conditions, therefore,
the stray load Losses are included.
 3–Point Starter

Circuit Diagram

Switch

L F A

(0-20A) 3-Point Starter

DPST Fuse (0-300)
MC MC
(20A) L F A
+ − + −
(+) A V
+
− (0-2A)
A
MC
(0-20A) A
MC −

+
+ 1 K/1 Ω +
145Ω/2.8A
(0-300) V A A Z V (0-300)
220-V Z
MC MC
DC-Supply − −

M G

ZZ ZZ
AA AA

(-)

HOPKINSON’S TEST ON DC SHUNT MACHINES

Procedure:
1. Connect circuit as shown in diagram.
2. Check Motor field rheostat Rhm for zero set.
3. Check Generator field rheostat Rhg for maximum Setting.
4. Switch on DC power supply.
5. Run the DC Motor with help of 3 point DC starter.
6. Adjust the speed of Set to the rated value using Field Rheostat of Motor.
7. Increase terminal voltage of Generator using Field Rheostat of generator
varying it from maximum to lower until voltmeter across Back to Back s/w
reads zero.
(If voltmeter reads more than rated voltage reverses polarity of generator
armature terminals in ckt) As voltmeter reads zero switch ON the SPST S/w.
8. Note down Line current & Voltage, Motor field current, Generator field
current, Loop current & Speed of machine.
9. Decrease Generator field resistance in steps or after it reach zero Increase
Motor field resistance in steps until rated current flows in motor. At each
step repeat – 8.
10. Calculate efficiency of Machine.

Observation table:

Terminal voltage = ___________Armature resistance = _______________

I = ______________ I = _________________
I = ______________ I = _________________
Current in amps Motor Generator
I (I + I ) = I =
I I = I =

Precautions:
1. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position.
2. The generator field rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position.
3. All the meter reading must be taken without parallaxes error.
4. The motor armature rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position.

Result: