Physics Project For Boards Practical

Project file
Name:
Class:
Roll No.:
School:
Physics Project
Name :
Class :
Roll No. :
School :
Laser Security Alarm
Under the guidance of :

Certificate
This is to certify that …………………………….............of class XII

of…………………………………………..has successfully completed the
project entitled “Laser Security Alarm” during the academic year 20__-__
towards the partial fulfillment of credit for the Physics Practical Evaluation of
CBSE 20__ under the supervision of …………………………………….
Examiner Teacher In-charge

Index
Serial Title
No.
01 Acknowledgement
02 Introduction
03 Schematic diagram
04 Components of the circuit
05 Working
06 Uses & Scope
07 Bibliography
Acknowledgement
I would like to take this opportunity to thank my parents for their priceless
love, support, motivation and guidance. Their positive attitude and outlook
towards life always pushed me to learn more & to give my best.
I would like to thank my Physics teacher –……………………. for his guidance
and support. His teaching inculcated love for the subject and its complete under-
standing in me.
I would also like to thank our Physics Lab Assistant for his support during
practical periods.
Introduction
Security is the most important factor today. Technology develops day by
day in the world. The crime gang also improves their technology to perform
their operation. So technology of security should modern with time to protect
the crime works. We decided to make a security. In this project we have used
the laser light to cover a large area. We know laser light goes through long
distance without scattering effect. It’s also visible at source and at incident
point, otherwise invisible.
• These two properties helps us to build up a modern security system, which

may name as “laser security”.
• When any person or object or cross over the laser line the security alarm will
ring and also the focus light will “on” to focus the entrance of unauthorized
person. We can make a security boundary of single laser light by using mirror
at every corner for reflection.
Schematic Diagram
Components of the circuit
Copper Clad Breadboard: A breadboard (also known as protoboard)
is a type of solder electronic circuit building board. You can build an
electronic circuit on the breadboard without any soldering! Best of all
it is reusable
LDR: A photo resistor is also called light dependent resistor or
photocell is a light controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a
photo resistor decreases with increasing incident light intensity in
other words, it exhibits photoconductivity.
Resistor: A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates
the flow of electrical current in an electric circuit. Resistors can also
be used to provide a specific voltage for an active device such as a
transistor.
NPN Transistor: NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistor
consisting of a layer of P-doped semiconductor (the “base”) between
two N-doped layers. A small current entering the base is amplified to
produce a large collector and emitter current.
Laser Pointer: A laser pointer or laser pen is a small handheld device
with a power source and a laser diode emitting a very narrow coherent
low powered laser beam of visible light.
LED: A light emitting device emits visible light through it.
Battery: A container consisting of one or more cells, in which
chemical energy is converted into electricity and used as a source of
power.
Wire: Metal drawn out into the form of a thin flexible thread or rod.
Buzzer: An electrical device that makes a buzzing noise and is used
for signaling.
Battery clip: It is used to connect the battery terminals.
Working
This circuit is based on LDR (Light Depended Resistor), variable
resistor in which the resistance varies according to the light intensity falling
on it.
• LDR and resistor R1 forms a potential driver network which is the main
part of our security alarm circuit.
• We have already discussed about how transistor acts as a switch, the same
principle is used here.
• The voltage drop across the LDR is used to drive the transistor switch.
When the voltage drop is above cut in voltage (0.6v), the transistor is turn
ON.
• LDR has low resistance in the presence of light and high resistance in the
absence of light.
• Light from another source should not allowed to fall on the LDR, so place
the LDR in a box with a single hole to pass laser.
• In this situation the resistance offered by LDR is too low. Since the LASER
light is continuously, in this situation the resistance offered by LDR is too
low.Since the LASER light is continuously allowed to fall on the LDR
surface.
• Thus the voltage drop across the LDR is also low [V=IR (Ohm’s Law)]
which is insufficient to turn ON the transistor, so the transistor remains off
state.
• When a person makes a blocks to the continuously flow of LASER beam,
then the light falling on the LDR gets blocked. This its increases to a high
value in the order of MΩ range.
• While resistance increases voltage drop also increases when this voltage
drop exceeds cut in voltage of silicon NPN transistor (BC547) it will turn
ON.
• Then current from vice starts flowing to ground via the buzzer and
transistor, which makes the beep sound.
Uses & Scope
The basic circuit with simple modifications can be used for numerous
purposes such as:-
Security Alarm (already discussed)

For accurate counting of total number of people gathered at a
place – This circuit can be placed along with security check
machine or at a door after adding an IC(for time delay) &
Counter(for counting the number of times circuit broke).
At borderlines to prevent trespassing.
Bibliography
Internet Sources:-
1) www.google.com/
2) www.wikipedia.com/
3) www.googleimages.com/
4) www.sciencetuts.com/
5) https://www.circuitlab.com/
Book Sources:-
1) NCERT Physics Class 12th
2) Fundamentals of Physics – HC Verma

Physics Project For Boards Practical

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physics Project For Boards Practical

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physics Project For Boards Practical

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Project file

Laser Security Alarm

Under the guidance of :

This is to certify that …………………………….............of class XII

Examiner Teacher In-charge

• These two properties helps us to build up a modern security system, which

Security Alarm (already discussed)

You might also like