Beginner's Guide To: Threat Intelligence

Beginner’s Guide to
THREAT INTELLIGENCE www.alienvault.com

Threat intelligence is a popular term in the security industry,
and has become a catch-all phrase for a range of technologies and
approaches. This paper will help clarify what threat intelligence is,
what it is not, and why threat intelligence is critical for organizations of
all sizes to improve their threat detection, prioritization, and response
capabilities. It will also discuss the key steps that an IT security
organization needs to go through to create effective threat intelligence
on their own, as well as how to evaluate threat intelligence offerings
from security vendors. Finally, it will describe AlienVault’s® unique
approach to delivering threat intelligence.
So What is Threat Intelligence?
A major recent trend in the security marketplace is to invest in some form of
threat intelligence service to close the security knowledge gap and better focus
scarce IT resources. But if you ask ten people what threat intelligence is,
you will get ten different answers.
AlienVault defines threat intelligence as the actionable information that every IT team
needs to automatically detect threats in their network and prioritize the response to
those threats. It is the essential output of an organization’s threat research and analysis
process. Threat intelligence works by focusing the organization on the most important
threats facing their networks at any given time.
Threat intelligence comes in many forms. Some of the forms that we commonly see
today include IP addresses, domain names, DNS servers, URLs, file hashes, network
signatures, attack patterns, and actual written profiles of bad actors (like you might
find in a celebrity magazine). Each of these forms is developed in a different way,
some of which are automated and some of which involve pain-staking manual effort.
But they all can be considered threat intelligence.
Threat intelligence vendors come in many shapes and sizes as well.
Most threat intelligence sources fall into the following three classes:
• Closed threat intelligence, like ISACs (Information Sharing

and Analysis Centers), which tend to be vertically aligned and
often have steep or arduous joining requirements.
• Security product vendors that deliver threat intelligence tied

tightly with their products, but is not easily accessible outside
of their products. If you have the vendor’s product, this can
be great, but it also means that you can only consume the forms
of threat intelligence that their product can understand.
• Pure-play threat intelligence vendors that charge you a subscription

to access their information. These can be a viable option, but you
will still need security products and staff to analyze this information.
For the purpose of this paper, we will consider threat intelligence

as the actionable information about malicious actors, their tools,
infrastructure and methods that every IT team needs to detect threats
in their network and prioritize the response to those threats.
Why is Threat Intelligence
Critical for Threat Detection?
All of the high profile breaches over the past few years have demonstrated that prevention
doesn’t always work, even for organizations with seemingly unlimited security budgets. New
threats arise every day. It is impossible for most organizations to keep up with the constant stream
of bad actors, their tools, and the infrastructure they use to compromise networks. In today’s
threat landscape, you need to assume your organization will be breached. So your priorities need
to shift towards strengthening your organization’s threat detection and response capability. And
the critical weapon you can deploy on this front is threat intelligence.
Threat intelligence is the essential output of an organization’s threat research and analysis
process. Threat data on its own is just data, lacking the analysis component. Without the threat
analysis, you won’t be able generate quality threat intelligence. It is this threat analysis that
is essential for converting the gigabytes and terabytes of event log data that every network
generates into specific, actionable information about threats. You need to be able to curate the
threat data, and combine it with supplemental information about attackers’ tools, methods, and
infrastructure, to produce quality threat intelligence. This enables you to instrument your security
program to effectively detect and respond to threats.
The Benefits of Threat
Intelligence for Your Organization
Threat intelligence has some major benefits for your organization. First and foremost,
as noted above, quality threat intelligence can accelerate your threat detection, prioritization
and response capabilities. Trying to detect threats is like looking for a needle in a haystack.
Unfortunately, with all of the data your organization collects, and the sophistication of the
attackers, the haystacks are getting bigger. Threat intelligence enables you to focus your
scarce resources on the highest priority threats facing your network.
In addition, new threats arise every day, and time is scarce. It is impossible for most
organizations to keep up with the latest threats. An effective threat intelligence capability
keeps you on top of these threats, improving your detection and response capability.
How Do We
Generate Threat
Intelligence
On Our Own?
So how can a typical organization
generate threat intelligence? To be sure,
generating threat intelligence is complex,
expensive, and time consuming.
Let’s dig into what it entails.

First off,
you need access to the latest
external threat data, and you need
to collect, parse, and normalize
your own extensive security event
data. You then need to correlate
events from across your network to
identify attacks. Identifying those
few events that signal malicious
activity requires in-depth knowledge
of attacker techniques.
Also, you need to create response guidance for your
security team to respond to the threats. And you need to push
out updates to a wide range of security controls to instrument
them with the latest information to detect malicious activity.
All the while, you need to stay abreast

of changes to the threat landscape to ensure your security
controls can detect the latest threats. This includes
researching malicious activity detected in your network
to understand the attacker’s intent.
And these steps need to be repeated

frequently to ensure up-to-date detection.
Let’s examine these steps in a little more detail.
Collecting security and network event data is relatively easy, with almost every operating
system, device and application generating a log file that log management systems can collect
and manage. Data correlation and analysis, on the other hand, is an extremely complex process.
Correlation is the process of identifying and linking seemingly unrelated events across a wide
range of data sources. It requires the use of sophisticated correlation directives to be able to find
relevant events buried within gigabytes or terabytes of log files.
Unfortunately, most IT teams often lack the technology and resources to automate the
correlation and analysis process. They often rely on simple collection of log files for their threat
analysis. Compounding this challenge is the fact that, for all IT teams, security is often just one
of many essential responsibilities to the organization. The IT team likely does not have the time or
technologies to manage and sort through the mountains of log data collected by all of their critical
systems. They also lack the time required to perform the necessary research to understand the
latest techniques and infrastructure used by bad actors to detect today’s emerging threats.
As a result, it is no surprise that generating threat intelligence is out of reach

for most IT teams of any size.
What Are some Other Options from
External Threat Intelligence Vendors?
Given the extensive challenge in generating threat intelligence on your own, one option to
consider is to subscribe to an external threat intelligence service. This effectively outsources
your threat intelligence gathering process, which can save your team a lot of time and resources.
However, there are some downsides to this approach.
First and foremost, you will still need resources on hand to make this threat intelligence
meaningful for your organization. You will have to answer a range of questions about the data
you’re receiving, including:
• How does this threat data apply to my network and systems?

• Am I vulnerable to this threat?
• Can my systems detect this threat?
• Am I being targeted?
Essentially, your staff will need to do the tuning of your security controls on their own.
What Are some Other Options from
External Threat Intelligence Vendors?
Secondly, you will need to integrate the threat intelligence information into your Security
Information and Event Management (SIEM) or security platform. This is not an easy process.
Instrumenting your security platform to ingest the threat intelligence information will take
time and resources.
Last but not least, these threat intelligence services are costly. These services start in the
tens of thousands and go into the millions. Most organizations simply do not have the budget
to take on this recurring expense.
AlienVault’s Approach to Threat Intelligence
AlienVault takes a comprehensive approach to our threat intelligence.
First, we collect over four million threat indicators every day, including malicious
IP addresses and URLs, domain names, malware samples, and suspicious files.
AlienVault aggregates this data in the Open Threat Exchange® (OTX™) platform,
AlienVault’s big data platform, from a wide range of sources, including:
• External threat vendors

(such as McAfee, Emerging Threats, Virus Total)
• Open sources (including the SANS Internet Storm Center,

the Malware Domain List, as well as from collaboration
with state agencies and academia)
• High-interaction honeypots that we set up to capture the

latest attacker techniques and tools. (An example of these
would be our systems actively looking for websites that
are redirecting to exploit kits, and then emulating a victim.)
• Community-contributed threat data in the form

of OTX “Pulses” (the format for the OTX community
to share information about threats)
• AlienVault Unified Security Management® (USM) &

OSSIM™ users voluntarily contributing anonymized data
Next, we have set up automated systems and
processes which leverage machine learning
capabilities to assess the validity and severity of
each of these threat indicators collected in OTX.
These include:
• A Contribution System (for malware)

• A URL System (for suspicious URLs)
• An IP Reputation System
(for suspicious IP addresses)
We then use threat evaluation tools established and directed by the AlienVault Labs team
to test and validate specific threat indicators. These evaluation tools also leverage machine
learning capabilities and include a Malware Analyzer, a DNS Analyzer, a Web Analyzer,
and a Botnet Monitor. To take one example, we verify that a domain is distributing malware
using our Web Analyzer. We connect to the suspicious URL, analyze and then execute
the file, and if the file is malicious, we mark the server as malicious. We also use the latest
sandboxing techniques to identify and analyze malware samples.
The AlienVault Labs research team then conducts deeper qualitative and quantitative
analysis on the threats. For example, they will reverse-engineer a malware sample,
or conduct extensive research on particular threat actors and their infrastructure to detect
patterns of behavior and methods.
The AlienVault Labs team delivers
all information about the threats and
the attack infrastructure to the USM
platform via the USM Threat Intelligence
Subscription. The team regularly updates
eight coordinated rule sets, including
correlation directives, IDS signatures, and
response templates, which eliminates
the need for organizations to tune their
systems on their own.
The analyzed threat data is also fed

back into the AlienVault Labs analytical
systems and tools, enabling them
to make future correlations of threat
indicators.
This comprehensive approach

eliminates the need for organizations
to generate threat intelligence and
tune their security controls on their own.
Conclusion
Threat intelligence is essential for effective and timely
threat detection and response. You have to assume
the bad actors will get through your preventive network
technologies. Threat intelligence is what will enable you
to quickly detect threats and prioritize your response.
However, threat intelligence is very difficult and time

consuming to generate for most organizations. AlienVault
takes a unique approach to delivering threat intelligence,
building it directly into the USM platform. We undertake
an exhaustive analytics process to generate the threat
intelligence, and we make it very accessible to resource-
constrained organizations. If you do consider an integrated
approach for your threat intelligence, consider AlienVault
USM with the included Threat Intelligence subscription.
Next Steps: Play, share, enjoy!
• Learn more about AlienVault USM Threat Intelligence

• Get hands on with AlienVault USM
• Join the Open Threat Exchange (OTX)
www.alienvault.com

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What is threat intelligence?

What is threat intelligence?

What are the different forms threat intelligence can take?

What are the different forms threat intelligence can take?

Beginner’s Guide to

THREAT INTELLIGENCE www.alienvault.com

• Closed threat intelligence, like ISACs (Information Sharing

• Security product vendors that deliver threat intelligence tied

• Pure-play threat intelligence vendors that charge you a subscription

For the purpose of this paper, we will consider threat intelligence

Let’s dig into what it entails.

All the while, you need to stay abreast

And these steps need to be repeated

As a result, it is no surprise that generating threat intelligence is out of reach

• How does this threat data apply to my network and systems?

• External threat vendors

• Open sources (including the SANS Internet Storm Center,

• High-interaction honeypots that we set up to capture the

• Community-contributed threat data in the form

• AlienVault Unified Security Management® (USM) &

• A Contribution System (for malware)

The analyzed threat data is also fed

This comprehensive approach

However, threat intelligence is very difficult and time

• Learn more about AlienVault USM Threat Intelligence

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