HMV Variable Motors

Data and Specifications

Specifications
HMR 55 HMR 75 HMR 105 HMR 135
cm 3/rev in 3/rev 55 3.36 75 4.57 105 6.40 135 8.23
Pressure Ratings Nominal 5000 PSIG Maximum 6090PSIG Peak 7250 PSIG
Rated Speed 4000 3700 3300 3000
Max. Disp.
Rated Speed 5000 4600 4100 3700
Min. Disp.
Envelope Size L 9.0 9.5 10.5 11.3
W 8.0 8.2 8.2 10.1
H 9.2 9.8 9.8 10.7
Weight 75.0 71.0 73.0 125.0
HP Rating Count 107.0 161.0 205.0 241.0

1
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Hydraulic Control and Pressure Override
Electric Brake Pressure Shutoff
Electric Maximum Displacement Override
Purging System

Circuit Diagram

E
1

14

4
3
X'
qmax qmin

L 2
B
U M1 M2

B X

Solenoid switching operations

EXPLANATIONS
A B Main ports SAE M1/M2: d.c. solenoid 12 V 12 V

X Control pressure port El. Cold power rating P20 < 26W
pressure range 8 - 14 bar M1/M2 de-energized : main port side A

L U Drain (filling, vent) ports. pressure-controlled

M1 de-energized : main port side B
Connection enabling case to be filled with oil.
M2 energized : pressure-controlled
Flow in at port A : Direction of rotation left M1 energized : acting as fixed displacement
Flow in at port B : Direction of rotation right motor HMF ... - 02
(qmax operation)

2
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Hydraulic Control and Pressure Override
Electric Brake Pressure Shutoff
Electric Maximum Displacement Override
Purging System

Functional Description

The variable displacement motor HMV 02 is a swash-plate axial piston motor for the
closed circuit.
The motor is equipped with a proportional hydraulic displacement control and a pressure
override (regulator).
As an additional installation the motor has:
- electric maximum displacement override
- electric brake pressure shut-off
- purging system

Functioning of infinitely variable displacement

In this control system, the motor operates at maximum displacement. The motor is control
pressure dependent, with an infinitely adjustable displacement between a maximum and a
minimum setting.
Servo pressure >16 bar is delivered to the control mechanism from the charge pressure
(see circuit diagram) via channel E. This servo pressure is transmitted via the pilot valve (1)
in the normal position to the maximum displacement piston. The second displacement
piston is relieved through the pilot valve into the motor casing. When a control pressure is
applied at port X, the pilot valve (1) is moving against a spring force. This provides control
pressure from port E to the actuator cylinder piston for minimum displacement and releases the
actuator cylinder piston for maximum displacement to the tank (assumed that the system
pressure < regulation begin of pressure regulator and solenoid M1 is not energized).
The pressure in the actuating cylinder is increased until the swash plate swings back, causing
equilibrium to prevail between the control pressure X and the feedback spring. The pilot
then has a balance position. The motor holds this position until the control pressure X
changes.
This feedback system permits exact actuation of all qmax and qmin intermediate positions as
a function of the control pressure at port X. Adjustment from qmax towards qmin is propor-
tional to the control pressure (normally 8 14 bar).

3
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Hydraulic Control and Pressure Override
Electric Brake Pressure Shutoff
Electric Maximum Displacement Override
Purging System

Functional Description

Functioning of pressure regulator

In the unregulated condition, the motor operates at a displacement proportional to control

pressure, which is applied at connection X (see functioning of infinitely variable displace-
ment). Following attainment of a set pressure (regulation begin), the motor swings steplessly
towards maximum displacement.

The two main connections of the HMV are designated A and B (see circuit diagram). De-
pending on the position of the electrically operated 3/2 directional control valve M2, one of
the channels is connected with regulator 2.
The start of the feedback control is determined by the pressure setting of the regulator 2,
the pressure at which the motor begins to move towards maximum displacement.
As soon as the pilot in the regulator 2 is shifted against the spring force, the control pres-
sure X is relieved through the pilot valve M1 into the motor casing (hydraulic tank).
Adaption to the required torque is effected steplessly through the changing of the swash
angle.

Diagram
Control behaviour of the HMV-02 EH1P
operating pressure p (bar) %

control pressure X p (bar) %

100 100
p-ae
p-re
p-rb

p-ab

0 0
100 min
stroke volume q (cm?) %

4
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Hydraulic Control and Pressure Override
Electric Brake Pressure Shutoff
Electric Maximum Displacement Override
Purging System

Functional Description

Functioning of electric displacement override

For a variety of applications (deliberate switching off the high-pressure influence in specific
drive operations) it is necessary that the regulating motor can also be set below start of
regulating control to maximum displacement. For this purpose the valve (2) is switched
electrically with the solenoid M1.

Functioning of electric brake pressure shut-off

The electric brake pressure shut-off prevents that the back pressure in braking mode of the
closed loop acts on the regulator.
The solenoid M2 is operated by selection of the forward or reverse direction of travel.
Depending on whether the solenoid M2 is energized or de-energized, the high pressure
can only pass to the regulator (2) from one high-pressure side A or B. If pressure is re-
versed in the braking operation, the increasing brake pressure cannot affect the regulator
and the motor remains in qmin.

Example: Connection A is the admission side

The oil flow in this channel flows to the hydraulic motor. If the pressure is increased above
begin of regulation set in the regulator (2) by increasing the tractive resistance in A, then
the motor is regulating.
During braking the direction of flow and direction of rotation are maintained but the higher
pressure now occurs in the return side B. This, however, has no effect on the regulator.
The hydraulic motor remains in the qmin position or returns to this position (exception,
electric qmax operation actuated). It brakes at the torque resulting from qmin, which in
vehicles corresponds to a lightly braked coasting behaviour.

5
 HMV Variable Motors
Electric Brake Pressure Shutoff
Electric Maximum Displacement Override
Purging System

Functional Description

Linde purging system

The hydraulic motor is equipped with a Linde purging system. This comprises two scavenging
systems:

- circuit scavenging
- case scavenging

Circuit scavenging

If temperature problems occur (e.g. in the case of high ambient temperature), the temperature
in the closed circuit can be substantially reduced by the scavenging system. The shuttle valve
(3) connects the low-pressure side to the discharge valve (4). The purge oil can then be cooled
and fed back into the system via a make up circuit (not in motor) to cool the closed loop.

Case scavenging

The heat generated in the rotating group of the hydraulic motor (bearings, linkages, slide
faces) can only be discharged from the motor casing through the drained-off leakage. Under
certain unfavourable operating conditions, e.g. high motor speed and low operating pressure,
the resulting leakage is not sufficient to dissipate the frictional heat.

With the Linde purging system, a quantity of oil flows from the discharge valve (4) at about
10 l/min as a cooling scavenging oil, into the casing of the hydraulic motor and then, after
having scavenged the casing, drains off together with the resultant leakage.

6
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Hydraulic Control and Pressure Override
Electric Brake Pressure Shutoff
Electric Maximum Displacement Override
Purging System

Functional Description

Functioning of the Linde purging system

When high-pressure lines are without load and have only boost pressure (e.g. when
the pump is in the neutral position), the two pistons of the shuttle valve (3) (Fig.1) are in the
spring-centered position. Operating fluid is unable to flow to the discharge valve (4)
from either the high-pressure connection A or the high-pressure connection B.

LP LP
Fig. 1
A B

A1 B1

3
Outlet

However, if high pressure (HP) builds up on, for example the A side, then this high pressure
displaces the piston A1, driving the piston B1 towards the low-pressure (LP) connection B
(Fig.2). The conical seat (5) on piston A1 acts as a stop, thereby simultaneously preventing
high-pressure fluid from being transferred out of the spring chamber A1 towards the dis-
charge valve (4).
HP Inlet LP
Fig. 2
A B

A1 B1

3
Outlet
5

7
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Hydraulic Control and Pressure Override
Electric Brake Pressure Shutoff
Electric Maximum Displacement Override
Purging System

Basic Design of Rotating Group

2 3

5
4

EXPLANATIONS
1 Shaft
2 Piston assembly
3 Cylinder barrel
4 Swash plate
5 Port plate

8
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Hydraulic Displacement Control
Purging System

Circuit Diagram

L (U)

E U (L)
X
1

L1
Vmin Vmax

valve drain rate

pressure approx.

10 10 bar 5 l/min

10 10 bar 9 l/min

EXPLANATIONS
A B Working connections
F Auxiliary control signal
Control pressure connection
X
(Control pressure range 8 ... 14 bar)
E Servo pressure connection (PE = 20 .... 40 bar)
Connection F for auxiliary control signal, special
L Drain (filling, vent) ports
U cases only ( normally closed )
Connection enabling case to be filled with oil.

Flow in at port A : Direction of rotation left

Flow in at port B : Direction of rotation right

9
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Hydraulic Displacement Control
Purging System

Functional Description

In this control system, the motor operates nominally at maximum displacement. The motor
is control pressure dependent, with an infinitely adjustable displacement between a max-
imum and minimum setting.
Servo pressure (minimum 20 bar) is delivered to the displacement mechanism from the
pilot circuit via the connection E. This servo pressure is transmitted, via the pilot valve (1)
in the normal position, (see circuit diagram), the maximum displacement piston. The
second displacement piston is relieved through the pilot valve (1) into the motor casing.
When a control pressure is applied at connection X, the pilot valve (1) is displaced against
a spring force so the control just opens the displacement control piston minimum dis-
placement side to port E and connects the control piston maximum displacement side
to tank. The pressure in the actuating cylinder is increased until the rocker swings back,
causing equilibrium to prevail between the control pressure X and the feedback spring.
The pilot then has a balance position. The motor holds this position until the control pres-
sure X changes.

This feedback system permits exact actuation of all Vmax and Vmin intermediate positions
as a function of the control pressure at connection X. Adjustment from Vmax towards
Vmin is proportional to the control pressure (normally 8 14 bar), see diagram. For special
cases, an auxiliary pressure signal can be applied to the back side of the pilot valve (1)
via the normally closed connection F. This pressure signal supports the force of the feed-
back spring.

This, however, requires a plug to be located in the connecting channel (in the control stage
mounting) to the casing.
Motor displacement [ cm? ]

Diagram Vmax

Vmin

8 [bar] 14 [bar]

Pilot pressure

10
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Hydraulic Displacement Control
Purging System

Functional description

Linde purging system

The hydraulic motor is equipped with a Linde purging system. This comprises two scavenging
systems:
- circuit scavenging
- case scavenging

Circuit scavenging

If temperature problems occur (e.g. in the case of high ambient temperature), the temperature
in the closed circuit can be substantially reduced by the scavenging system. The shuttle valve
(8) connects the low-pressure side to the discharge valve (9). The purge oil can then be cooled
and fed back into the system via a make up circuit (not in motor) to cool the closed loop.

Case scavenging

The heat generated in the hydraulic motors rotating group (bearings, linkages, slide
faces) can only be discharged from the motor casing through the drained-off leakage. Under
certain unfavourable operating conditions, e.g. high motor speed and low operating pressure,
the resulting leakage is not sufficient to dissipate the frictional heat.

With the Linde purging system, a quantity of oil flows from the discharge valve (9) at about
10 l/min, as a cooling scavenging oil, into the casing of the hydraulic motor and then, after
having scavenged the casing, drains off together with the resultant leakage.

11
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Hydraulic Displacement Control
Purging System

Functional Description

Functioning of the Linde purging system

When high-pressure lines are without load and have only boost pressure (i.e., when
the pump is in the neutral position), the two pistons of the shuttle valve (8) (Fig.1) are in
the spring-centered position. Operating fluid is unable to flow to the discharge valve
(9) from either the high-pressure connections (A or B).

LP LP
Fig. 1

A B

A1 B1

8
Outlet

However, if high pressure (HP) builds up on, for example, the A side, then this high pressure
displaces the piston A1, driving the piston B1, towards the low-pressure (LP) connection B
(Fig.2). The conical seat (10) on piston A1 acts as a stop, thereby simultaneously preventing
high-pressure fluid from being transferred out of the spring compartment A1 towards the
discharge valve (9).
HP Inlet LP
Fig. 2

A B

A1 B1

8
Outlet
10

12
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Hydraulic Displacement Control
Purging System

Basic Design of Rotating Group

3 4

2 5

EXPLANATIONS
1 Shaft
2 Swash plate
3 Working piston
4 Cylinder barrel
5 Valve plate

13
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Electro Hydraulic Displacement Control
Speed Sensor
Purging System

Circuit Diagram
L

10 U
E
Mp

1
L1
qmin qmax

Flow in at port A : Direction of rotation left

EXPLANATIONS
Flow in at port B : Direction of rotation right
A B Working connections SAE (6000psi)
E Servo pressure connection (PE = 20 .... 40 bar)
L U Drain (filling, vent) ports
Connection enabling case to be filled with oil.

14
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Electro Hydraulic Displacement Control
Speed Sensor
Purging System
Functional Description

Proportional electro- hydraulic control E1

A motor with this control system normally operates at maximum displacement. The dis-
placement is electro-hydraulically variable, i.e. infinitely adjustable between maximum and
minimum setting.

Servo pressure of minimum 20 bar is delivered to the control mechanism from the pilot circuit
via connection port E. This servo pressure is transmitted via pilot valve (1) in its normal
position to one of two control pistons, which effects a move towards max. displacement,
as long as the proportional solenoid Mp stays de-energized. The second control piston
is relieved to the inside of the motor housing via pilot valve (1).
When a pre-selected current is applied to the proportional solenoid Mp, this generates a
proportional magnetic force Fm1 on the pin, thereby pushing the pilot valve (1) against the
feed back spring Fm2, causing the control edges to open channel E with p con (min) and
to connect to tank with p con (max). Pressure in the actuating cylinder is increased until the
swash plate swings back and estabilishes an equilibrium condition of the forces Fm1 and
Fm2 of the feed back spring. The pilot then is in a balance position.
The motor will hold this position until the current signal is changed. Owing to this feedback
system, any intermediate positions from qmax. to qmin. can be achieved accurately by means
of the current at the proportional solenoid. The current values in the diagram below
are to be understood as examples.

Speed sensor CEH 10/..

This hydraulic motor is equipped with an RPM sensor. This sensor provides 20 impulses per
revolution. These can be handled by suitable electronics, e.g. to control or supervise rotat-
ional speed.

Diagram
I (mA) rated voltage: 10 V
1460 6

834 6

qmin qmax

displacement V [cm?]

15
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Electro Hydraulic Displacement Control
Speed Sensor
Purging System

Functional Description

Linde purging system

The hydraulic motor is equipped with a Linde purging system. This comprises in fact two
systems:
- circuit scavenging
- case flushing

Circuit scavenging

If temperature problems occur (e.g. in the case of high ambient temperature), the temperature
in the closed circuit can be substantially reduced by the scavenging system. The shuttle valve
(8) connects the low-pressure side to the discharge valve (9). The purged oil can then be cooled
and fed back into the system via a make up circuit (not in motor) to cool the closed loop.

Case flushing

The only way to get rid of the heat generated in the rotating group of the hydraulic motor
(bearings, linkages, slide faces) is through the leakage spill. Under certain unfavourable
operating conditions, e.g. high motor speed and low operating pressure, the resulting leakage
may be insufficient to dissipate the frictional heat.

With the Linde scavenging system, a quantity of oil flows from the discharge valve (9) at about
10 l/min, as a scavenge-cooling oil, into the casing of the hydraulic motor and then, after
having scavenged the casing, drains off together with the resultant leakage.

16
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Electro Hydraulic Displacement Control
Speed Sensor
Purging System

Functional Description

Functioning of the Linde purging system

When high-pressure lines are without load and have only boost pressure (e.g. when
the pump is in the neutral position), the two pistons of the shuttle valve (8) (Fig.1) are in
the spring-centered position. Operating fluid is unable to flow to the discharge valve (9)
from the high-pressure connection A nor the high-pressure connection B.

LP LP L
Fig. 1

A B

B
A1 B1

U
8
Outlet

A
9

However, if high pressure (HP) builds up on, for example, the A side, then this high pressure
displaces the piston A1, driving the piston B1 towards the low-pressure (LP) connection B
(Fig.2). The conical seat (10) on piston A1 acts as a stop, thereby simultaneously preventing
high-pressure fluid from being transferred out of the spring compartment A1 towards the
discharge valve (9).
L
HP Inlet LP
Fig. 2
A B

B
A1 B1

U
8
Outlet
10
A

17
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Electro Hydraulic Displacement Control
Speed Sensor
Purging System

Functional Description

Functioning of the Linde purging system

When high-pressure lines are without load and have only boost pressure (e.g. when
the pump is in the neutral position), the two pistons of the shuttle valve (8) (Fig.1) are in
the spring-centred position. Operating fluid is unable to flow to the discharge valve (9)
from the high-pressure connection A nor the high-pressure connection B.

LP LP L
Fig. 1

A B

B
A1 B1

U
8
Outlet

A
9

However, if high pressure (HP) builds up on, for example, the A side, then this high pressure
displaces the piston A1, driving the piston B1 towards the low-pressure (LP) connection B
(Fig.2). The conical seat (10) on piston A1 acts as a stop, thereby simultaneously preventing
high-pressure fluid from being transferred out of the spring compartment A1 towards the
discharge valve (9).
L
HP Inlet LP
Fig. 2
A B

B
A1 B1

U
8
Outlet
10
A

17
 HMV Variable Motors
Proportional Electro Hydraulic Displacement Control
Speed Sensor
Purging System

Basic Design of Rotating Group

4
3 6

2 5

EXPLANATIONS
1 Shaft
2 Swash Plate
3 Working Piston
4 Cylinder Barrel
5 Valve Plate
6 Speed Sensor CEH 10/..
7 Impulse Wheel

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