DIVISION 3.

CIVIL WORKS

3.1. GENERAL PREPARATION WORK

3.1.1. General

The works referred to in this chapter are the preparatory and temporary works required to be
carried out prior to the commencement of permanent works, including mobilization of
manpower, equipment and material, provision of temporary buildings, motor pools and
workshops, access roads, temporary buildings, etc. The temporary works shall be maintained
and repaired during the course of execution of the permanent works until the works under the
Contract are substantially completed and the Engineer issues Certificate of Substantial
Completion. The temporary buildings shall be removed or demolished after the completion
of the permanent works, except otherwise instructed by the Engineer to leave them on Site
for further use. Demobilization of all the construction equipment, surplus material,
manpower and any other things no longer required for the execution of the Contract is also
included as a part of the Preparatory Works. The Contractor shall prepare plan, design and
execution methods of the general, preparatory and temporary works and submit them to the
Engineer for his approval and/or directions, two (2) weeks before he starts such works, at the
latest.

3.1.2. Mobilization and Demobilization

This work shall consist of shipping out by ocean freight or air freight, inland transportation
of plant, equipment and materials required for the execution of the works from the place of
their origin to the Site and their return transportation, if required, after completion of the
works under the Contract. Before moving any heavy equipment on the public roads and
bridges, the Contractor shall make suitable arrangements with the Authorities concerned and
obtain their approvals for the passage of such heavy equipment on the roads and bridges. The
Contractor shall, before commencing the relating works, submit plan and schedule for
mobilization/demobilization of the construction equipment and obtain the Engineers
approval beforehand. Mobilization /demobilization of any construction equipment shall be
done properly and safely. Safety methods shall be carefully considered by the Contractor.
Any serious troubles that may be caused by mobilization/demobilization, to inhabitants
and/or environmental problem arising out of this activity shall be the responsibility of the
Contractor and he shall make them good at his own expenses.
The Contractor shall repair, improve and maintain the existing public roads or any other
available access roads for transporting heavy equipments/vehicles to/from the Site
throughout the Contract Time until the Certificate for Substantial Completion is issued by the
Engineer. The Contractor shall install, construct, maintain, repair temporary bridges and
approach roads to such public bridges, roads and culvert structures, as part of the
mobilization/demobilization under the Contract, as instructed by the Engineer.

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 The Contractor shall, if necessary, carry out earth filling for the purpose of repairing and
improving the access road, as well as repairing public road needed for the execution of the
construction works. Unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer, the whole works of such
earth filling shall be executed in accordance with the specifications for earth embankment of
these Specifications.
The Contractor shall obtain the land proprietor's approval prior to using the public and
village roads available, as well as the existing roads, as his access road to the Site. In this
case, the Contractor shall be held responsible for providing maintenance and repairs of those
facilities, as directed by the land proprietor.

3.1.3. Surveying work

3.1.3.1. Basic Survey data

The contractor may request to Employer to borrow basic survey data around the project site
area, however, the contractor shall conduct further detailed survey work according to
following method.

3.1.3.2. General Survey Requirements

The Contractor shall perform all surveying calculations and setting out necessary to establish
the accurate location of the position in accordance with the drawings and shall be approved
by the Engineer. Horizontal and vertical control shall be by closed loop traverses. Maximum
permissible errors of closure shall be:
(1) Horizontal Traverses
- Angular error = 10% N
- Relative error = 1/1000
- N = number of stations
(2) Vertical Traverses
- Elevation difference error = 10 % D Km (mm)
- D = total shortest distance
All slope distance shall be reduced to level distances.

3.1.3.3. Bench Marks (BM).

(1) The Contractor shall protect, preserve and keep accessible the BM of the basic survey and
those provided by him.
(2) Removal with intent of BM's, including other BM established by other institutions or
companies shall be prevented, any damage of BM accidentally shall be immediately brought
to the attention of the Engineer. The Contractor at all times shall be responsible for timely
replacement or repair of the damaged BM's. The costs of rebuilding BM's shall be the
Contractor's responsibility without additional compensation.
(3) BM's shall be made of mild steel or cast iron encased in concrete with dimension as
determined by the Engineer.

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 In places where the soil is weak, the steel with an anchor shall be embedded in a concrete
block (K225) and sizes shall be as approved by the Engineer.
Foundation of BM's shall be prepared in conformity with this specification.
(4) The inscriptions shall be clearly legible and durable. Underground BM's shall be protected
by concrete pipes and other acceptable structures and shall be kept free from water and earth.
(5) Horizontal traverse pegs shall be wood pegs, 5 cm x 5 cm by 30 cm long, firmly driven into
the ground, protruding 2 cm above the ground surface with nails at the center to mark the
point.

3.1.3.4. Survey Personnel and Equipment

The Contractor shall provide only qualified surveyors, who prior to the engagement in the
project area shall be approved by the Engineer, and they are directly responsible and bound
to supply the Engineer with any required information on questions relating to the survey. The
Contractor shall use a sufficient number of reliable, accurate and certified scientific
instruments and shall be approved by the Engineer.

3.1.3.5. Construction requirement

(1) Survey Record and Computations.

Complete records shall be maintained of all field surveys, neat and orderly. Survey shall be
clearly identified by project, location, dates, and names. Bound books shall be used for
permanent records.
Separate field records shall be kept for each of the following categories:
- Control traverse and secondary traverses.
- BM levels.
- Location surveys.
- Construction surveys.
- Cross-sections.
Coordinates of all BM's, control points, traverse stations, center-line alignments and points
of intersections shall be calculated prior to surveying.
Sketches shall be prepared for each BM control point and reference point that shows
distances and azimuths to each reference point.
Profile and topographic elevation shots shall be reduced in the field book.
All records and computation shall be made a permanent record, maintained in a safe place.
Permanent storage of inactive field records shall be maintained by the Engineer.
(2) Verification of Accuracy.
All the survey elements, controls and setting out shall be checked by the Engineer at
irregular intervals during the execution of this project. The Contractor shall give timely
assistance to the Engineer during the field survey verification.
The following computations shall be used in reviewing the original field notes:
Traverse angular error e1 = 1%n

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 Traverse linear error e2 = %(L)5+(D)5
L = difference between North latitude and South latitude.
D = difference between East departures and West departures.
e
Precision =
Perimeter

Any improper survey done by the Contractor shall be corrected and reworked upon
discovery without any extra compensation.
The Contractor shall keep all marks and line of sights clear which are required during the
verification. Any control made by the Engineer shall not relieve the Contractor of his entire
responsibility for the minute accuracy of the alignment, elevations, slopes, dimensions and
positions of any structure or facilities.

3.1.4. Temporary Buildings and Facilities

3.1.4.1. Site Office

A site office having sufficient floor area and facilities for liaison and site administration
purposes shall be built for each site using material of reasonable quality at places proposed
by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer. The site offices shall have rooms for
administrative works, meeting room for site meetings with the Engineer, a store house for
small equipment and instrument and miscellaneous materials and a bed room for watchmen
all equipped with proper sanitary facility. A part of the site office shall be allocated to the
Engineer and his representatives for their use mainly for inspection of the works. This part of
the office shall have an office room and a toilet, good for 3 persons, altogether not less than
20 m2. The Engineers office shall be furnished with suitable furniture.

3.1.4.2. Temporary fence and Gate

(1) Temporary fence

The Contractor shall erect, maintain and
remove on completion of the Works at his
own expense suitable and approved temporary
fencing to enclose such areas of the works to
be carried out and all areas of land occupied
by the Contractor within the Site as may be
necessary to implement his obligations as
specified in the Conditions of Contract and
Tender drawing.
Especially, the project areas are located in the
ITB campus; therefore, the contractor shall
pay careful attention to secure safety for
students, teachers and other public persons.

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 (2) Temporary Gate
1) The Contractor shall include for scope of works to construct of temporary gate access to
CRCS, CAS, CADL and CIBE as shown in the drawings.

2) Existing South gate, North gate, gate G4 and G5 are not allowed to access of construction
vehicles and workers.

3) Existing Gate G1 and/or G2 and/or G3 are allowed to access for construction vehicle and
workers for CRCS and CAS.

4) The contractor shall construct the temporary gate TG1 access for CADL building site and
TG2 access for CIBE building site.

5) Before commencement of the works, the Contractor shall obtain permission specified in
local regulation from relevant local authority for the works of making temporary access from
the public road.

6) The Contractor shall provide adequate guard man and/or watchman so that to secure the
safety and security to the temporary gate.

7) To use west ling road for access of construction vehicles is prohibited.

8) Both TG1 and TG2 will be used as permanent gate after completion of the project.

3.1.4.3. Motor Pool and Workshop

The site motor pools and workshop for maintaining and repairing of constructional plants
and equipment having sufficient area for the operation shall be prepared adjacent to the site
office. The site motor pools and workshop shall be equipped with facilities such as fuelling,
oiling, washing, daily inspection, periodical maintenance and repairs. The workshop shall
have a roof.

3.1.4.4. Oil and Grease Storage

The building for storage of oil and grease for the construction equipment shall be provided
with sufficient area. The building shall be covered with roof and walls to prevent oil and
grease from the rain and dust. It shall be well ventilated to prevent heating up of the oil and
grease. It shall be located in a place safe from fire hazard.

3.1.4.5. Warehouse

The warehouse for storage of construction materials and others shall be provided with
sufficient area. Part of the warehouse shall be covered with roof and walls for storing cement
and other material sensitive to water. Floor of this part of the warehouse shall be covered
with sand-cement mortar of sufficient thickness. The area of the warehouse and open storage
area shall be well drained by means of sloped ditch. Depending on the ground conditions, the
warehouse area may require ground improvement such as gravel layer or brick layer. Steel
material may be stored in open yard but may require covering by sheets to prevent corrosion.

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3.1.4.6. Temporary Camps

Temporary camps shall be provided, if necessary for the execution of the works.

3.1.4.7. Water Supply and Sanitation System

This sub-clause deals with facility and equipment required for water supply for temporary
facilities and construction works and sewage water. The Contractor shall provide water
supply system and sanitation facilities and operate and maintain them during the Contract
Time. The facilities shall include water pumps, pipes and water tanks with proper capacity
and quality. Before commencing the works, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for
his approval, plans and designs of water supply and sanitation system. Water shall be
supplied in sufficient quantity for both industrial and human demand. Quality of water for
construction shall meet the technical specifications and the water for human use shall comply
with standards issued by the Ministry of Health.

3.1.4.8. Power Supply

The temporary electric power supply system shall be provided and maintained by the
Contractor for the whole period of the Contract Time, for lighting of work site and for
running of construction equipment operated by electricity. The system shall include the
lighting system at inside and outside of the temporary buildings, and also for the operation of
repairing facilities and water supply facilities. Engine generators for the temporary electric
power supply shall be provided and maintained by the Contractor. The capacity of the
equipment and electric power facilities shall be sufficient for timely completion of the works.
Plan and details of the systems shall be submitted to the Engineer for his approval.

3.1.5. Telecommunication System

Temporary internal telecommunication system shall be provided and maintained to keep the
communication among the Contractor's offices, workshop, construction plants, job sites, the
Engineers representative's office and the flood/debris observation station. A communication
system shall be provided for the communication between the site office and the Engineers
Office. These communication systems shall be installed in accordance with the direction and
approval of the Engineer.

3.1.6. Documentation

3.1.6.1. Photo Documentation and Reports

The Contractor shall prepare and submit to the Engineer and/or to the Employer any
documents, correspondences, returns, reports, records, and other submissions in conformity
with the General Specifications.
Photographs and reports shall be made in the number of set to be submitted by the Contractor.
A set of negative films or digital records and three set of prints arranged and displayed in an
album shall be submitted to the Engineer as the property of the Employer. Reports shall be

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 made in an original set and 3 sets of copies including electrical files for computer use.

3.1.6.2. Construction Drawings and As-built Drawings

All construction Drawings and As-Built Drawings shall be provided in an original set and 3
sets of copies including electrical files for computer use as approved by the Engineer.

3.1.7. Laboratory Tests and Quality Control

Laboratory test and quality control shall be conducted before commencement and during the
construction and after completion of works according to the requirement as specified in
further sections of these Technical Specifications or by written order of the Engineer. The
Contractor shall carry out and facilitate those laboratory test and quality control based on the
Standard Test Act in Indonesia (SNI) or other equivalent standards as accepted by the
Engineer.

3.1.8. Acquisition of Building Permits

Prior to commencement of any construction activities for building works, the Contractor
shall acquire all the necessary permits such as IMB and IPB from relevant Authorities. The
Contractor shall also acquire prior acceptance for connections and supply of water and
electricity. See General Specifications item on this detail..

3.1.9. Other Works

3.1.9.1. Name Board and Identification of Structures

Before commencement of temporary and permanent works, the Contractor shall provide and
erect a temporary name board made of wooden plank that inform the public all general
configurations of the construction works necessarily under guidance and direction of the
Engineer. After completion of construction works, the Contractor shall also provide and erect
a permanent name board for identification of structures as constructed under guidance and
direction of the Engineer.

3.1.9.2. Medical and First Aid Facilities

The Contractor shall provide and install first aid units in the Site as specified in Sub-Clause
34.5 the Particular Conditions of Contract. In addition, the Contractor shall establish means
of transporting injured or sick person to a clinic or hospital near the Site.

3.1.9.3. Cleaning of Site upon Completion

Upon completion of the Works, the Contractor shall remove all of his temporary facilities
and surplus material. Concrete foundations or any other structure difficult to remove, shall be
demolished and debris caused by the demolishing shall be removed from the Site and
disposed at place where the Contractor is authorized to do so. When the removal is complete,
the Contractor shall make good all the places by leveling neatly. The Engineer may instruct
the Contractor to provide preventive measures, such as planting or turfing (sodding), to

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 places where erosion is predicted. Demolition shall be done with good care for safety not to
give damages to people living nearby, general traffic near the Site, the permanent structures,
any structure such as houses, outside of the Site, etc. The Contractor shall submit his
proposed methods of demolition to the Engineer for his approval.

3.1.9.4. Environmental Monitoring

In accordance with Environmental Monitoring Plan (Rencana Pemantauan Lingkungan/RPL)

and Environmental Management Plan (Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan/UKL), the
Contractor shall conduct the environmental monitoring during construction for the following
items:
(1) Physical negative impacts such as noise, dust, landslide, damage to land use, fire and so on;
(2) Biological negative impacts such as wild animal migration, destruction of plants and
vegetation;
(3) Chemical negative impacts such as river water quality degradation;
Social negative impacts such as risk of security, safety for workers, conflicts with the
community.

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3.2. DEMOLITION

3.2.1. General

Basically, the demolition works for existing buildings and/or facilities are not included in the
scope of work of the contractor in this Project. However, in the case of the contractor
encountered to demolition works, the contractor shall follow this clause.

3.2.1.1. Reference

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The
publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

ASSE/SAFE A10.6 (2006) Safety Requirements for Demolition Operations

3.2.1.2. General Requirements

Do not begin demolition or deconstruction until authorization is received from the Engineer.
The work of this section is to be performed in a manner that maximizes salvage and
recycling of materials. Remove rubbish and debris from the project site; do not allow
accumulations inside or outside the building, salvage of identified items and materials, and
removal of resulting rubbish and debris. Remove rubbish and debris from Project property
daily, unless otherwise directed. Store materials that cannot be removed daily in areas
specified by the Engineer. In the interest of occupational safety and health, perform the work
in accordance with other applicable Sections.

3.2.1.3. Submittals

Before work is started, the contractor shall obtain permission necessary for work, and submit
to Engineer.

3.2.1.4. Regulatory and Safety Requirements

Comply with Government and local hauling and disposal regulations. In addition to the
requirements of the "Contract Clauses," conform to the safety requirements contained in
regulations by the Government.

3.2.1.5. Notifications

General Requirements

Furnish timely notification of demolition projects to local authorities in accordance with

Government Regulations. Notify the Engineer in writing 10 working days prior to the
commencement of work.

3.2.2. Dust and Debris Control

Prevent the spread of dust and debris and avoid the creation of a nuisance or hazard in the
surrounding area. Do not use water if it results in hazardous or objectionable conditions
such as, but not limited to, flooding, or pollution. Vacuum and dust the work area daily.

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3.2.3. Protection

3.2.3.1. Traffic Control Signs

Where pedestrian and driver safety is endangered in the area of removal work, use traffic
barricades with flashing lights. Notify the Engineer prior to beginning such work.

3.2.3.2. Existing Conditions Documentation

Before beginning any demolition or deconstruction work, survey the site and examine the
drawings and specifications to determine the extent of the work. Record existing
conditions in the presence of the Engineer showing the condition of structures and other
facilities adjacent to areas of alteration or removal. Photographs sized 100 mm will be
acceptable as a record of existing conditions. Include in the record the elevation of the top
of foundation walls, finish floor elevations, possible conflicting electrical conduits, plumbing
lines, alarms systems, the location and extent of existing cracks and other damage and
description of surface conditions that exist prior to before starting work. It is the
Contractor's responsibility to verify and document all required outages which will be
required during the course of work, and to note these outages on the record document.

3.2.3.3. Items to Remain in Place

Take necessary precautions to avoid damage to existing items to remain in place, to be

reused, or to remain the property of the Project. Repair or replace damaged items as
approved by the Engineer. Coordinate the work of this section with all other work
indicated. Construct and maintain shoring, bracing, and supports as required. Ensure that
structural elements are not overloaded. Increase structural supports or add new supports as
may be required as a result of any cutting, removal, deconstruction, or demolition work
performed under this contract. Do not overload structural elements, pavements to remain.
Provide new supports and reinforcement for existing construction weakened by demolition,
or removal work. Repairs, reinforcement, or structural replacement require approval by the
Engineer prior to performing such work.

3.2.3.4. Existing Construction Limits and Protection

Do not disturb existing construction beyond the extent indicated or necessary for installation
of new construction. Provide temporary shoring and bracing for support of building
components to prevent settlement or other movement. Provide protective measures to
control accumulation and migration of dust and dirt in all work areas. Remove dust, dirt,
and debris from work areas daily.

3.2.3.5. Weather Protection

For portions of the building to remain, protect building interior and materials and equipment
from the weather at all times. Where removal of existing roofing is necessary to

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 accomplish work, have materials and workmen ready to provide adequate and temporary
covering of exposed areas.

3.2.3.6. Trees

Protect trees within the project site which might be damaged during demolition or
deconstruction. Replace any tree designated to remain that is damaged during the work
under this contract with like-kind or as approved by the Engineer.

3.2.3.7. Utility Service

Maintain existing utilities indicated to stay in service and protect against damage during
demolition and deconstruction operations. Prior to start of work, the Project will disconnect
and seal utilities serving each area of alteration or removal upon written request from the
Contractor.

3.2.3.8. Facilities

Protect electrical and mechanical services and utilities. Where removal of existing utilities
and pavement is specified or indicated, provide approved barricades, temporary covering of
exposed areas, and temporary services or connections for electrical and mechanical utilities.
Floors, roofs, walls, columns, pilasters, and other structural components that are designed
and constructed to stand without lateral support or shoring, and are determined to be in stable
condition, must remain standing without additional bracing, shoring, or lateral support until
demolished or deconstructed, unless directed otherwise by the Engineer. Ensure that no
elements determined to be unstable are left unsupported and place and secure bracing,
shoring, or lateral supports as may be required as a result of any cutting, removal,
deconstruction, or demolition work performed under this contract.

3.2.3.9. Protection of Personnel

Before, during and after the demolition work the Contractor shall continuously evaluate the
condition of the structure being demolished and take immediate action to protect all
personnel working in and around the project site. No area, section, or component of floors,
roofs, walls, columns, pilasters, or other structural element will be allowed to be left standing
without sufficient bracing, shoring, or lateral support to prevent collapse or failure while
workmen remove debris or perform other work in the immediate area.

3.2.4. Burning

The use of burning at the project site for the disposal of refuse and debris will not be
permitted. Where burning is permitted, adhere to Government, and local regulations.

3.2.5. Required Data

Prepare a Demolition Plan. Include in the plan procedures for careful removal and
disposition of materials specified to be salvaged, coordination with other work in progress, a
disconnection schedule of utility services, a detailed description of methods and equipment

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 to be used for each operation and of the sequence of operations. Identify components and
materials to be salvaged for reuse or recycling. Coordinate with Waste Management Plan.

3.2.6. Environmental Protection

Comply with the Environmental Protection Agency requirements.

3.2.7. Use of Explosives

Use of explosives will not be permitted.

3.2.8. Products

3.2.8.1. Fill Material

Comply with excavating, backfilling, and compacting procedures for soils used as backfill
material to fill basements, voids, depressions or excavations resulting from demolition or
deconstruction of structures. Fill material shall be waste products from demolition or
deconstruction until all waste appropriate for this purpose is consumed.

Fill material must conform to the definition of satisfactory soil material as defined in
AASHTO M 145, Soil Classification Groups A-1, A-2-4, A-2-5 and A-3. In addition, fill
material must be free from roots and other organic matter, trash, debris, frozen materials, and
stones larger than 50 millimeter 2 inches in any dimension.

Proposed fill material must be sampled and tested by an approved soil testing laboratory, as
follows:

Soil classification AASHTO M 145

Moisture-density relations AASHTO T 180, Method B or D

3.2.9. Execution

3.2.9.1. Existing Facilities to be removed

Inspect and evaluate existing structures on site for reuse. Existing construction scheduled
to be removed for reuse shall be disassembled. Dismantled and removed materials are to be
separated, set aside, and prepared as specified, and stored or delivered to a collection point
for reuse, remanufacture, recycling, or other disposal, as specified. Materials shall be
designated for reuse on site whenever possible.

3.2.9.2. Structures

Remove existing structures indicated to be removed to grade. Interior walls, other than
retaining walls and partitions, shall be removed to 0.5 meters below grade or to top of
concrete slab on ground. Remove sidewalks, curbs, gutters and street light bases as
indicated.

Demolish structures in a systematic manner from the top of the structure to the ground.
Complete demolition work above each tier or floor before the supporting members on the

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 lower level are disturbed. Demolish concrete and masonry walls in small sections.
Remove structural framing members and lower to ground by means of derricks, platforms
hoists, or other suitable methods as approved by the Engineer.

Locate demolition and deconstruction equipment throughout the structure and remove
materials so as to not impose excessive loads to supporting walls, floors, or framing.

3.2.9.3. Utilities and Related Equipment

(1) General Requirements

Do not interrupt existing utilities serving occupied or used facilities, except when authorized
in writing by the Engineer. Do not interrupt existing utilities serving facilities occupied and
used by the Project except when approved in writing and then only after temporary utility
services have been approved and provided. Do not begin demolition or deconstruction
work until all utility disconnections have been made. Shut off and cap utilities for future
use, as indicated.

(2) Disconnecting Existing Utilities

Remove existing utilities and terminate in a manner conforming to the nationally recognized
code covering the specific utility and approved by the Engineer. When utility lines are
encountered that are not indicated on the drawings, the Engineer shall be notified prior to
further work in that area. Remove meters and related equipment and deliver to a location in
accordance with instructions of the Engineer.

(3) Paving and Slabs

Remove ground concrete and asphaltic concrete paving and slabs including aggregate base
as indicated to a depth of 500 mm below planned grade.

(4) Roofing
Remove existing roof system and associated components in their entirety down to existing
roof deck.

(5) Masonry
Saw cut and remove masonry so as to prevent damage to surfaces to remain.

(6) Concrete
Saw concrete along straight lines to a depth of a minimum 50 mm. Make each cut in walls
perpendicular to the face and in alignment with the cut in the opposite face.

(7) Mechanical Equipment and Fixtures

Disconnect mechanical hardware at the nearest connection to existing services to remain,
unless otherwise noted. Mechanical equipment and fixtures must be disconnected at fittings.
Remove service valves attached to the unit.

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3.2.10. Concurrent Earth-Moving Operations

Do not begin excavation, filling, and other earth-moving operations that are sequential to
demolition or deconstruction work in areas occupied by structures to be demolished or
deconstructed until all demolition and deconstruction in the area has been completed and
debris removed. Fill holes, open basements and other hazardous openings.

3.2.11. Clean up

Remove debris and rubbish from basement and similar excavations. Remove and transport
the in a manner that prevents spillage on streets or adjacent areas. Apply local regulations
regarding hauling and disposal.

3.2.12. Disposal of Removed Materials

3.2.12.1. Regulation of Removed Materials

Dispose of debris, rubbish, scrap, and other non-salvageable materials resulting from
removal operations with all applicable local regulations as contractually specified. Storage of
removed materials on the project site is prohibited.

3.2.12.2. Burning on Project Property

Burning of materials removed from demolished and deconstructed structures will not be
permitted on Project property. Transport combustible materials removed from demolished
and deconstructed structures to the areas designated for burning. Control fires for
protection of persons and property. Monitor fires continuously until the fires have burned
out or have been extinguished.

3.2.12.3. Removal to Spoil Areas on Project Property

Transport non-combustible materials removed from demolition and deconstruction structures

to designated spoil areas on Project property.

3.2.12.4. Removal from Project Property

Transport waste materials removed from demolished and deconstructed structures, except
waste soil, from Project property for legal disposal. Dispose of waste soil as directed.

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3.3. EARTH WORKS

3.3.1. Land Clearing and Stripping

(1) General

1) Land clearing and stripping works is defined as clearing and stripping including grubbing of
all trees, stumps, logs, brush, undergrowth, hedges, fences, structures, foundations, debris
and rubbish of any nature, where designed in the Drawings or within the right of way or on
the ground surfaces of borrow pits. The work shall include disposal of all such materials as
instructed by the Engineer.
2) The Contractor shall, before starting the clearing and stripping works, obtain the land
proprietor's approval regarding work area limits, objects to be remained and the methods of
work execution. The Contractor shall pay due care to the works not to damage existing trees
and structures outside of limits of working area or otherwise identified to remain, and the
Contractor shall protect and preserve all such items.
3) All holes or pits resulted from clearing, stripping and grubbing operations shall be filled with
suitable material and compacted as directed by the Engineer.
4) All material or objects resulted from clearing, stripping and grubbing operations shall be
removed from the Site and disposed of at dumping yards provided by the Contractor for such
purposes, as directed by the Engineer.
5) In the dumping yards, those materials shall be piled up neatly. If burning operations shall be
carried out in such a manner and locations to minimize the fire risk to surrounding areas or
properties and the Contractor shall at all times take adequate precautions to prevent the
spread of fires by providing proper equipment, materials and personnel on Site for fire
prevention and fire fighting.
3.3.2. Excavation

3.3.2.1. General

1) Before commencement of the excavation works, the Contractor shall confirm the location of
the underground utilities facilities such as electrical cable, piping, plumbing, telephone line
and so on. And the Contractor shall pay full attention to avoid give damages to these
underground utilities facilities. If the Contractor give some damages to the underground
utilities facilities, the Contractor shall immediately repair these facilities by own expenses.
2) Excavation works shall consist of excavating and removing of suitable and unsuitable earth
material, including all necessary handling, hauling for stockpiling or disposal, shaping and
trimming in accordance with the locations, lines, levels, grades and dimensions as shown on
the Drawings and as specified herein or as directed by the Engineer. Excavation works shall
also include the provision and subsequent removal upon completion, by the Contractor, of all
the temporary facility built or installed.
3.3.2.2. Excavation Procedure

Not less than thirty (30) days before any excavation works commence the Contractor shall
submit to the Engineer, for his approval, laboratory test results of excavation material and

Section VI-WR-3-15
 methods for digging, stockpiling or disposing of the material. The Contractor shall, before
starting excavation work, obtain the Engineer's approval for the equipment to be used and
the methods of work execution. Before the commencement of any excavation works, all land
clearing and stripping including grubbing and removing of topsoil shall have been
completed.

The Contractor shall carry out pre-construction ground surveys together with the Engineer,
after the completion of clearing and grubbing operations and these will serve as a basis for
the measurement of excavation and embankment quantities. The Contractor shall submit the
results of the pre-construction surveys to the Engineer in the form of drawings indicating
actual ground levels and longitudinal profiles and cross sections for the area for excavation.
Furthermore, the Contractor shall carry out further surveys on completion of the excavation
works and the results shall be superimposed onto the pre-construction drawings and
submitted to the Engineer.

The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to preserve the material intact, beneath
and beyond the lines of all excavation for the permanent works in the original conditions.
Any damage or voids to the original ground beyond or below the required lines caused by
the Contractors over-cut or improper operation shall be repaired by the Contractor at the
Contractors own expense. Where required by the Drawings and Technical Specifications or
directed by the Engineer, such voids caused by over-cut shall be filled back with suitable
materials as indicated by the Engineer at the expense of the Contractor. Compaction may be
required to such fill-back material as instructed by the Engineer. For back-filling the void,
the Engineer may instruct use of ready-mixed concrete if the original ground is hard
material.

When any excavation has been completed and trimmed, the Engineer shall be informed
accordingly so that he may inspect the completed excavation to check the dimensions of
excavation, the character of the foundation material and any testing as specified herein to be
completed by the Contractor. No excavation shall be filled in or covered with concrete until
it has been inspected and approved by the Engineer.

3.3.2.3. Structure Excavation

This item shall consists of excavating, removing, and stockpiling or satisfactorily disposing
of all materials within limits of work as necessary for construction for below grade concrete
structures required under this Contract; backfilling respective to such excavations; except to
extent shown or specified for this portion of work; and all in accord with these specifications
and in conformity with dimensions and sections shown on Drawings and to lines and grades
established.

Section VI-WR-3-16
(1) Definitions

Term Line(s) as used herein shall mean any type of pipe, duct, cable or conduit where
Trenching and Backfilling is required.

1) Construction Requirements
Rock Excavation

The Contractor shall do all rock excavation to specified depth shown or required, including
all required additional depth for bedding. Rock excavation shall consist of removal of
boulders and of all rock in place.

Where rock, or soil containing rocks or gravel, hard pan, or other unyielding foundation
material is encountered in trench excavation, lines shall be bedded in accord with
requirements specified for bedding and requirements as follows:

Bedding shall consist of sand layer under unpaved area and cradle concrete shall be placed
under pavement area.

Cross section of bottom of trench shall be excavated to a horizontal section as far as

practicable.

Longitudinal bottom of trench shall be excavated evenly and smoothly as far as practicable.

2) Trenching
Excavated material not required or acceptable for backfill shall be disposed of by the
Contractor as directed by the Engineer. Excavation shall not be carried out below required
depth; but when it is, trench shall be backfilled at the Contractor's expense with material
approved by the Engineer and compacted to same density required for adjacent soils or
embankment.

When directed, unstable soil shall be removed for full width of trench and replaced with sand
or with approved suitable material. The Engineer shall determine depth of removal of
unstable soil and amount of backfill necessary. Backfill shall be compacted and shaped to a
firm but slightly yielding condition to form bed for line.

3) Safety Requirements
The Contractor shall do such trench bracing, sheeting, or shoring necessary to perform and
protect trench excavation required for safety and conformance to governing laws.

Bracing, sheeting, or shoring shall not be removed in one operation but shall be done in
successive stages, as approved in advance by the Engineer, and as necessary to prevent
overloading of line during backfilling operations.

4) General Backfill Material

Except where otherwise specified or directed by the Engineer, all filling material shall be
obtained from areas to be excavated within the Site.

Section VI-WR-3-17
 Fill material shall generally consist of an approval soil, free from vegetable or organic matter
and may contain a proportion of rock or stone fragments, provided that these are not likely,
in the opinion of the Engineer, to interfere with the compaction works, promote settlement or
cause damage to any construction works or structure.

Excavated materials shall be hauled for embankment or disposition to places within the
project premises as directed by the Engineer.

5) Backfilling
All trench excavation shall be backfilled within a reasonable time after lines are installed and
tested unless other protection is provided, except shall not be backfilled until approved by
the Engineer.

Backfill material shall be approved suitable material from excavation or borrow.

Material for remaining portion of backfilling shall be same as that required for embankments,
whether or not trenches occur within or under embankment. Backfill material shall be
moistened or dried as necessary to achieve compaction required. Backfill shall be done in a
manner to avoid injurious top or side pressures on line and to avoid any disturbance of lines
as finally placed. Under paved areas, sub-grade, any backfill shall be compacted to density
required for embankments for paved areas.

6) Cleaning and Restoration of Site

After backfill is completed, the Contractor shall dispose of all surplus material, dirt, and
rubbish from Site. Surplus soil may be deposited in embankment, shoulders, or as ordered by
the Engineer.

The Contractor shall restore all disturbed areas to their original condition.

The Engineer may request the Contractor that backfilled trench be covered with temporary
surfacing course and be used against traffic for some period in order to avoid the height
difference due to the settlement of backfilled material.

3.3.2.4. Excavation for Embankment

(1) Excavated Material for Embankment and Backfill

So far as practicable, all material suitable for fill, obtained from either excavated material or
from borrow pit areas shall be used for embankment.

If the material for excavation is combination of suitable and unsuitable materials, the
Contractor shall, unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer, carry out the excavation in
discriminative manner that suitable material shall be excavated separately without being
mixed with unsuitable material.

All suitable materials to be used for embankment shall be approved by the Engineer
regardless of the source. The material shall be determined according to the following table.

Section VI-WR-3-18
 Table- II.1 Specification of Material for Embankment
Suitable Material Unsuitable Material
Maximum size 100 mm Maximum size > 100 mm
Plasticity Index 15 % Plasticity Index < 15 %
Liquid Limit 50 %
Hard fresh rock and weathered rocks containing organic material

(2) Stockpiling of Excavated Material

It is desirable that suitable material for filling shall be placed in the designated final locations
directly from the excavation.

The material shall be determined by the Engineer evaluating the laboratory test results
submitted by the Contractor.

If excavated material is too wet for immediate use, it may be placed temporarily in stockpiles.
When the moisture content of the stockpiled material has dropped sufficiently to satisfy the
Specifications, it may be used in embankment or backfill if the moisture test satisfies the
Engineer. Under certain circumstances such as the fill area is large enough and the weather is
favourable, the Engineer may approve direct dumping of the excavated material to
embankment or backfill places. Compaction to the material so dumped shall be subject to the
approval of the Engineer who shall examine moisture content test results submitted by the
Contractor.

(3) Disposal of Excessive Material

Surplus excavated material or materials unsuitable for the use in permanent works shall be
disposed of in spoil banks to be provided by the Contractor. The Contractor shall trim and
regulate the spoil banks to two (2) meters height in maximum or other levels as approved by
the Engineer. The Contractor shall also protect and maintain, without interruption, the flow
of watercourses affected by those spoil banks. In case the surface of the spoil banks is found
to be covered by selected material as approved by Engineer, in order to avoid contamination
to the surroundings or by as claimed by inhabitants nearby, the Engineer shall order the
Contractor to provide such coverage and the Contractor shall execute it at his own expense.

3.3.3. Earth Embankment

3.3.3.1. General

The Contractor shall perform the embankment works as shown on the Drawings or as
directed by the Engineer. All suitable materials obtained by excavation shall be used for the
construction of embankment. Embankment shall be preferably constructed during dry
seasons.

Section VI-WR-3-19
3.3.3.2. Treatment before Embankment starts

The top soil where embankment is designed to be placed, shall be stripped for the depth of
about 10 cm unless otherwise indicated on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer, and
made completely free of grass, stone, root and any other debris, prior to placement of the fill
material. The top soil and other foreign matters removed shall be disposed of at the
Contractors spoil bank or other places as directed by the Engineer. The surface for
embankment fill shall be treated by the Contractor, prior to placement of any fill, by means
of land clearing, stripping, sliding prevention, and so on by methods as approved by the
Engineer.

3.3.3.3. Acquisition of Embankment Materials

The embankment materials shall not contain any timber log, stump, brush, weed, root, any
other organic material, clod of more than 15 cm in size, sludge or other objectionable
materials. Embankment material shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.

The earth material to be used for the embankment shall be confined within the depth as
directed by the Engineer. In case noticeable change in quality of the earth material is found
in the course of the excavation work, it shall be reported to the Engineer for his instruction.

The earth material for the embankment shall be transported through the shortest route
between the borrow area to the embankment site or the route directed by the Engineer. The
earth material transported shall be directly spread and compacted in accordance with these
Specifications without being stockpiled at the embankment site except when required for
better efficiency of construction, quality control of materials or other reasons as approved or
directed by the Engineer.

No separate payment shall be made for the works prescribed herein above. All the costs for
performing the works in this sub-clause are deemed to have been allowed for in the unit
prices for various excavation works or embankment works stated in the Bill of Quantities.

3.3.3.4. Spreading

The embankment material transported from the excavation works, borrow areas or stock
piles shall be directly dumped to the embankment area and spread out immediately. The
embankment material shall be spread horizontally using appropriate equipment. Manpower
may be used for spreading in case of small quantity embankment fill.

Depth of a spread layer before compaction shall be such that the resulted depth after
compaction shall not exceed the depth defined hereinafter. In order to achieve sufficient
compaction for side slope shoulders of the embankment, the embankment material shall be
added about 40 cm outside embankment where slope is 1:1 and 60 cm outside embankment
where slope is 1:1.5 as shown in the design cross sections. Cobble stones of more than 15 cm
in diameter shall be removed from the material and disposed of.

Section VI-WR-3-20
 If in the course of spreading work rainfall of more than 5 mm/hour strength occurs and the
Engineer judges compaction work is not desirable, the work shall be suspended until the
approval of the Engineer to resume the work. When the work is resumed, wet material shall
be dried up naturally or removed in accordance with the direction of the Engineer.

3.3.3.5. Compaction

Immediately after spreading of the material, compaction shall take place so that moisture
content of the material will not change because of drying or wetting.

Compaction shall be carried out by means of approved compacting equipment to achieve dry
density of not less than 90 % of the maximum dry density. Number of compaction shall be
determined according to the results of trial embankment or as directed by the Engineer. In
case the width of the area to be compacted is less than 1 m measured in cross section, the
compaction shall be made using 80 kg type rammer or equivalent compactor. Each layer
after compaction shall not be more than 30 cm for main body and not more than 20 cm for
surface layer.

Field density test to examine the dry density of embankment compaction shall be carried out
at a rate of one (1) per spread area of 500 m2 or as directed by the Engineer. Three (3)
samples shall be required for a test.

The dry density and moisture content measured at site shall conform to the following
standards:

(1) Allowable moisture content: Moisture content at which dry density of more than 90% of the
maximum dry density (d max) in standard compaction test shall be achieved.

(2) Standard dry density: Dry density (d) more than 90% of dmax.

For the purpose of field density test and water content determination, at least sand cone
method and Speedy Moisture Tester using carbide (CaC2) powder shall be used.

In order to compensate the settlement loss of the embankment height after compaction, extra
fill of 10 cm or as directed by the Engineer, shall be placed.

After all of the compaction work is completed, additional embankment part at the fringe of
the side slope shall be removed by means of appropriate equipment.

The finished surface of the embankment after compaction shall be graded to the profile
shown on the Drawings. The bank shall be trimmed to provide finished surface with
tolerance of 5 cm for the height and 10 cm for width.

Provisions shall be made always at filling sites for temporary drainage systems with
sufficient slopes for draining rain water to outside of the embankment.

Section VI-WR-3-21
3.3.3.6. Trial Embankment

Before any of the embankment work is started, the Contractor shall conduct the trial
embankment to demonstrate the performance of equipment for spreading and compacting
which is scheduled to be used for the actual embankment.

The program for the test, which includes the scope of testing, time schedule, test work items,
test method and the method of analysis and evaluation, shall be submitted to the Engineer for
his approval. Depending on the results of the test embankment, the Specifications for
materials and embanking method, such as thickness of a layer, passage number of
compacting equipment may be modified as directed by the Engineer.

3.3.3.7. Construction Tolerance

All the embankment required for the Work shall be made to the lines, grades and dimensions
as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. The construction tolerance for
embankment after compaction shall be as shown in the following table.

Table- II.2 Tolerance for Embankment after Compaction

Depth Tolerance from
Description
the appointed point
Top level of embankment 5 cm
Top width of embankment 10 cm
Length of slope 20 cm
Vertical Deformation of slope 10 cm
It is required that the height of the embankment completed shall not be lower than designed
level plus 10 cm at the time when the Taking-Over Certificate is issued. In order to satisfy
this requirement, the Contractor shall give allowances by providing extra fill, as directed by
the Engineer, compensating expected settlement loss of the embankment after compaction.

3.3.3.8. Quality Control

To ensure the quality of earth material, the following test shall be carried out as shown in the
following table:

Table- II.3 Quality Control of Embankment Material

Test Frequency
2
Dry density/Proctor Once for 5,000 m embankment spreading area for each earth material
Moisture content Once per day for each barrow area and accompanied by dry density test
Specific gravity In case of remarkable change in quality of embankment material
Grain Size In case of remarkable change in quality of embankment material
Proctor Density In case of remarkable change in quality of embankment material
Direct Shear In case of remarkable change in quality of embankment material
Permeability In case of remarkable change in quality of embankment material

Section VI-WR-3-22
 The Engineer has the right to cancel or modify the test work item and testing time, if
necessary, for due performance of the works concerned.

Soil test shall conform to Indonesian standards or other equivalent standards as shown in the
following table and approved by the Engineer.

Table- II.4 Soil Testing for Embankment

Testing Testing Standard
Dry density SNI 03-2150-1991 91.100.10
SK.SNI-M-18-1991-03
Moisture content SNI 03-1965-1990 93.020
Specific gravity SNI 03-1964-1990 93.020
Gradation test SNI 03-3423-1994 93.020
Compaction / Max. Dry Density test SNI 03-6872-2002 13.080.05
Direct Shear Test SNI 03-3420-1994 93.020
Permeability SNI 03-6871-2002 13.080.05

3.3.3.9. Material from Other Sources

When there is shortage of fill material for embankment, the Contractor may have to use
material of borrow pits, as instructed by the Engineer. If the material at the borrow pit is too
dry to keep adequate moisture content throughout the execution of the embankment, the
Contractor may have to sprinkle water at the borrow pits. If the material brought into the
embankment site is found too dry, the Contractor shall sprinkle water to the material already
spread out until it achieves optimum moisture content.

In case of rainfall of more than 5 mm/hour in the strength, the borrowing of soil shall be
suspended until the approval of the Engineer is given. In case remarkable change of soil
properties is found in the course of the excavation work, it shall be reported to the Engineer,
and laboratory test shall be conducted to confirm the suitability of the earth material.
Excavation of material at the borrow pits shall be resumed only when the Engineer approves
it after examining the laboratory test results.

In case earth material has to be sourced from areas other than those designated on the
Drawings, the earth material in such area shall be examined, unless otherwise approved by
the Engineer, in accordance with the standard as shown in the following table:

Table- II.5 Testing at Borrow Area

Testing Testing at each Barrow Area

Soil auger depth 3 m 4 point

Field density 1 point
Moisture content 10 x

Section VI-WR-3-23
 Testing Testing at each Barrow Area

Specific gravity 10 x
Grain size 10 x
Density 12 x
Direct Shear Test 12 x
Permeability 2x

3.3.3.10. Survey and Inspection

As the embankment work progresses, the Contractor shall conduct a cross sectional survey at
his own expense in the presence of the Engineer or his representative at specified cross
sections as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer in order to evaluate the
progress of the work. Based on the results of such cross sectional surveys, the Engineer shall
judge from time to time, that the work has been completed to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

3.3.4. Backfill

3.3.4.1. General

Backfill shall be carried out as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
Backfill work is classified into the following two (2) types depending upon the back-fill
purposes.

Type A: Backfill to permanent structures with compaction specified in this Clause applied to
structures of the foundations, drainage channels, and other places as determined by the
Engineer.

Type B: Backfill without controlled compaction as determined by the Engineer.

The Contractor shall, before the work of backfill commences, obtain the approval of the
Engineer on the material to be used and the methods of the execution.

3.3.4.2. Material

Backfill material for Backfill Type A shall be suitable material obtained from excavation or
from borrow pits unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer. Samples of the material shall
be tested in the laboratory and the results shall be submitted to the Engineer for his approval.

Backfill material for Backfill Type B may be obtained from any excavation. Laboratory test
is not required but the material shall be free from organic matters or chemical material. The
Engineer shall inspect the source of the material proposed by the Contractor and
approve/disapprove it examining if the material is suitable for the intended purposes.

3.3.4.3. Methods

The Contractor shall propose to the Engineer, depth of layers of Backfill Type A. The
Contractor shall carry out trial fill using equipment and material he intends to use. The

Section VI-WR-3-24
 outcomes of such trials shall be submitted to the Engineer for his approval. In any case, the
maximum depth of the layer after compaction of Backfill Type A shall not exceed 15 cm.

The moisture content shall be adjusted by suitable conditioning to the range of +3% to -5%
of the optimum moisture content, or any other range determined by the Engineer depending
on the characteristics of the material. Backfill material shall be compacted to 90% of the
Maximum Dry Density determined in accordance with SNI 03-6872-2002 or ASTM D698.

Unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer, Backfill type A shall not commence until at
least seven (7) days after concreting work has been completed.

Backfill to any permanent structures using mechanical compactors shall be carried out with
particular care not to damage the structure. If damages are given to the structures, the
Contactor shall consult with the Engineer and make good the damages at his own expenses.

Compaction of backfill materials within 0.5 m above upper surface of any concrete structure
shall not be permitted with vibrating rollers unless specifically approved by the Engineer.

3.3.5. Other Matters related to Earth Works

3.3.5.1. Haul Roads

The Contractor may need use of haul roads for transporting surplus excavated material,
unsuitable excavated material, concrete material such as aggregate and cement, and other
material necessary for executing and completing the works under the Contract.

The Contractor may use public roads in compliance with laws and regulations, such as
loaded weight of trucks. In places, the Contractor may have to provide his own accesses to
borrow pits and spoil banks.

The Contractor shall prepare and submit plans of haul road routes to the Engineer for his
approval. The Contactor shall maintain all the roads applied as hauling route and prepare all
the necessary labor, equipment and materials for ensuring safe operation.

There shall be no separate measurement for payment for above works. The unit prices of
excavation, embankment, backfill, or any other items related to transportation stated in the
Bill of Quantities are deemed to have included all the costs associated with works as
described above.

3.3.5.2. Construction Tolerances for Earth Works

The dimensional tolerance for finished lines, grades and formations of earthworks after
trimming, unless specified anywhere else in these Specifications, or as instructed by the
Engineer, shall be:

(1) Drains including Earthworks for Structures

Invert level - 5 cm, + 0 cm

Bottom width - 0 cm, + 5 cm

Section VI-WR-3-25
 Top width - 0 cm, + 5 cm
Bank level - 0 cm, + 5 cm
Alignment + 5 cm
Longitudinal grade + 0.1%

(2) Roads

Formation level -0 cm, +5 cm

Formation width -0 cm, +10 cm

Alignment + 5 cm

(3) Excavation for Structures

Bottom of excavation + 0 cm to - 5 cm

3.3.5.3. Testing of Materials and Completed Earthworks

Testing of earth-fill and backfill materials before it is used in construction, and control tests
during construction, shall be carried out by the Contractor using his own site laboratory.

The Engineer shall witness all tests carried out on earth-fill and backfill material before the
work commences and during construction. The Contractor, in the presence of the Engineer,
shall also carry out Standard Cone Penetration Tests at the bottom of all excavations for
structures in order to confirm the suitability of the foundation material before concrete works
commence. Laboratory test results of all material the Contractor proposes to use in the
Works shall be submitted to the Engineer for his review and approval before any material is
used in the Works.

The tests to be carried out by the Contractor, the standard test methods to be used and the
testing frequency for materials used during construction and upon completion shall be as
detailed in the following table, or JIS equivalent, or at such other times as determined by the
Engineer.

Section VI-WR-3-26
 Table- II.6 Test for Earth Works
Test Test Standard Specified Values Test Frequency
ASTM C127 Prior to the use of the material.
ASTM C128 Thereafter, whichever the
Specific Gravity -
ASTM D854 following occurs first:
SNI 03-1964-1990 i) every 50,000 m3, or
JIS 1203, or ii) once a month, or
Natural Moisture
ASTM Zd 2216-51 - iii) at each change of borrow pit,
Content
SNI 03-1965-1990 or
ASTM D422 iv) at each change of material.
Max. particle size
Particle Size Analysis ASTM C136
100 mm
SNI 03-3423-1994
ASTM D423 -
Liquid Limit
SNI 03-1967-1990
ASTM D424 -
Plastic Limit
SNI 03-1966-1990
Plastic Index SNI 03-1966-1990 > 15%
Moisture/Density ASTM D2216 -
Relationship SNI 03-1965-1990

Unconfined Compression JIS A 1216 -

Test SNI 03-3638-1994
Permeability Test SNI 03-2435-1990 As directed by Engineer
AASHTO T 193 For road mantling 1. Once every 10 km of road
30% minimum earthworks, sub-grade
constructed, or at least once
California Bearing Ratio for every section of road.
(CBR) 2. For road mantling:
(i) For every new source of
material, and
(ii) at least once a month.
AASHTO T 206 - At the bottom of all
Cone Penetration Test
SNI 03-6792-2002 excavations for structures
ASTM D1556 >95% of MDD Twice a day (morning and
SNI 03-1743-1989 afternoon) at each work
Field Density Test location, but at least once for
every 250 m3 placed in each
layer.

3.3.5.4. Bracing and Shoring

Where the excavation exceeds 1.5 m in the depth, the Contractor shall provide bracing or
shoring to protect the workers and his plan shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval,
before any of such works start.

There will be no separate payment for this work and the Contract price is deemed to have
allowed for such expense in relevant Bill of Quantities items.

3.3.5.5. Control of Water

The work site for excavation or fill shall be kept free of water by means of pumping,
trenching or otherwise.

Section VI-WR-3-27
3.4. CONCRETE WORKS

3.4.1. General

All concrete works shall be executed as specified in these Specifications, and as shown on
the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. Such concrete work shall be carried out only in
the presence of the Engineer, or his representatives.

Unless specifically provided in these Specifications, concrete shall be manufactured,

transported, placed, cured, finished and tested by the Contractor in accordance with the
provisions of SNI or other equivalent standards as approved by the Engineer.

If the Contractor does not manufacture but purchase concrete from ready-mixed-concrete
suppliers, the Contractor shall inform the Engineer, in writing at least thirty (30) days before
the commencement of the concrete work, of details of suppliers from whom the Contractor
intends to purchase the ready-mixed-concrete. The Contractor shall undertake all the
requirements specified in these Specifications will be completely satisfied by the supplier.

Concrete shall be composed of cement, water, fine and coarse aggregate as specified herein.
The specification for concrete is given in types according to maximum size of aggregate and
minimum strength of twenty eight (28) days.

The Contractor is responsible for the design of the concrete proportions. Water content shall
be the minimum required for workability. Admixtures other than those directed by the
Engineer shall only be used with the written approval of the Engineer subject to the
Contractor demonstrating that such admixtures will have no detrimental effect on the
finished work.

The Contractor shall ensure that exposed concrete surfaces shall be uniform in colour. The
use of materials other than those specified shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer
and the Contractor shall demonstrate that they will have no detrimental effect on the finished
work.

3.4.2. Concrete Materials

All materials for concrete works shall comply with the requirements of these Specifications
and the Contractor shall obtain Engineers approval for their use before using them in the
permanent works. For this end, the Contractor shall conduct laboratory tests as specified in
these Specifications in his own laboratory or in any of the authorized institutes and submit
the results to the Engineer for his approval.

Materials as approved by the Engineer shall be delivered, stored and handled properly, to
maintain their quality in every respect in good conditions for using in the permanent works.
The Engineer shall conduct inspections on these materials delivered to the Site and may
order the Contractor further laboratory tests whenever he thinks the tests are necessary
because of any reasons.

Section VI-WR-3-28
 Materials not complying with the requirements as specified in the Specifications shall be
rejected by the Engineer and shall be removed immediately from the Site unless otherwise
instructed by the Engineer. In any case rejected materials shall not be used in the permanent
works.

3.4.3. Cement

Cement shall be of ordinary type Portland Cement conforming to the requirements of SNI
2049-90-A, or JIS R 5210 No. 8 or ASTM Designation C150 and as approved by the
Engineer.

Each consignment of cement shall be sampled at the mill and mill certificates issued by the
manufacturer in duplicate shall be delivered to the Engineer. The Contractor shall arrange
that the Engineer will have the right to attend sampling and testing at the place of
manufacture at any time.

In addition to the mill certificates, the Engineer may require the Contractor, from time to
time, to conduct further tests in the Contractors laboratory in accordance with SNI
15-2530-1991, or AASTO T-128 and JIS R.5201 for ensuring the cement satisfies all the
requirements of these Specifications and Standards.

Cement shall be completely protected at all times from exposure to moisture prior to
introduction to the ready-mixed-concrete.

In case bagged cement is used, the cement storage warehouse shall be thoroughly protected
from humidity by having rain water tight roof and walls and having floor elevated from the
ground for at least 30 cm. Cement bags shall not be stacked more than 1.5 meter in height.

Cement shall be used in the order of its delivery and shall be so stored that each delivery is
readily identifiable from previous deliveries.

The Contractor shall keep a record of the date, quantity, storage location and place of use in
the works for each delivery of cement. The Contractor shall also keep a record showing the
stock of cement held at all times.

When the Contractor uses both local and imported cement these shall be stored separately.
All records kept by the Contractor in connection with daily use and stock held shall be
maintained so as to show separately the data for each local and imported cement.

At the time of use, the cement shall conform to the Standards of aforementioned. Storage of
cement shall nevertheless not exceed 90 days for bagged cement and 180 days for bulk
cement.

Section VI-WR-3-29
3.4.4. Admixture

(1) General

The Contractor may use concrete admixtures to improve workability of mixed concrete as
approved by the Engineer.

The Contractor shall notify the Engineer of the manufacturers he intends to procure the
admixtures and shall furnish the technical literatures of the manufacturer together with
samples for testing at least 6 weeks before his intended use for the permanent works.

The Contractor shall on the direction of the Engineer perform tests on admixtures both
before and after delivery to demonstrate compliance with the Specifications.

All the tests of the admixtures shall be conducted by the Contractor and the results shall be
submitted to the Engineer for his approval.

Each delivery of admixture shall be of uniform consistency and quality.

The type and dimensions of measuring containers (box) for mix proportioning of the
admixtures is subject to the approval of the Engineer.

(2) Types of Admixtures

Air-entraining agent and set retarding agent may be used in the concrete works. The use of
the air-entraining agent is recommended always. The use of set retarding agent is
recommended especially when ambient temperature exceeds 30C.

The air-entraining agent shall conform to the aforementioned Standards.

The set retarding agent shall be sourced from manufacturers well known worldwide and
having ample number of use records since at least 20 years back.

The dosages of the admixtures shall be determined in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations and as approved by the Engineer.

(3) Storage of Admixtures

Liquid or powdered admixtures for concrete shall be kept in water-proof stores with
adequate provision for the prevention of moisture and water absorption. Storage shall be so
arranged that the materials will be used in the order of the delivery to the Site. Admixtures
with dates expired shall be removed from the Site and shall not be used in any concrete.

The Contractor shall keep a logbook recording delivery, consumption and stock remaining
and maintain good quantity of the admixtures in storage so that no concrete placing will be
disturbed or delayed.

Section VI-WR-3-30
3.4.5. Aggregates

(1) General

At least 6 weeks prior to the use of concrete in the Site, the Contractor shall submit his
proposals in respect of intended sources of fine and coarse aggregate together with samples
and laboratory test results conducted by himself or by any other authorized institutes. The
Contractor may choose to establish his own aggregate plant and sand pits. In any case,
provisions shall be made by the Contractor for the Engineer to visit intended sources of the
aggregate at any time during the construction time under the Contract.

Upon inspection of delivered aggregates, the Engineer may instruct the Contractor to remove
the aggregate or wash it or order him to carry out laboratory tests in addition to the periodical
test requirement as hereinafter stipulated, depending on the degree of obvious contamination
or irregularity of the aggregate delivered.

(2) Coarse Aggregates

Coarse aggregate shall be clean, hard and durable and it shall be free from harmful quantities
of flat or elongated particles, organic matter or other deleterious material.

The coarse aggregates may be crushed and screened hard stone or screened natural river
gravel that meet the requirements as specified herein.

The maximum nominal size of coarse aggregate shall generally be 40 (forty) mm. For
pre-cast concrete or reinforced concrete, 20 (twenty) mm nominal size coarse aggregate shall
be used in general. The gradation of coarse aggregate shall be as specified in the following
table, whereas the sieve analysis shall be carried out in accordance with SNI 03-3795-1995
or AASHTO T 27.

Table- II.7 Grain Size Distribution for Coarse Aggregate

Sieve Size Percentage Passing by Weight (%)
(mm) 40 mm Nominal Size 20 mm Nominal Size
50 100 -
40 95 ~ 100 -
25 - 100
20 35 ~ 70 90 ~ 100
10 10 ~ 30 20 ~ 55
5 0~5 0 ~10
2.5 - 0~5

Section VI-WR-3-31
 The limits of any deleterious substance content are given in the following table.

Table- II.8 Limit of Deleterious Substance of Coarse Aggregate

Test item Maximum (Percentage Weight)
Clay lump in accordance with AASHTO T 112 0.25
Value
Loss when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 112 1.0
Percentage of material having specific gravity less than 1.95 1.0

The physical properties of the coarse aggregate shall comply with the following values.
Table- II.9 Physical Properties of Coarse Aggregate
Characteristic and Standard Test Allowable Value
Specific Gravity determined in accordance with SNI
more than 2.55
1969-90-F/AASHTO T 85/JIS-A-1110
Loss by abrasion in accordance with SNI 1969-90-F
less than 30%
/AASHTO T 96 / JIS-1121
Amount of loss (soundness) in accordance with SNI
less than 12%
1758-90-A/AASHTO T 104/JIS-A-1122

(3) Fine Aggregates

Fine aggregate may be sourced from crushed rock and it shall be clean, hard and durable and
free from harmful quantities of flat or elongated particles and of dirt, silt, organic matter or
other deleterious materials.

The gradation of fine aggregates shall be in conformity with the following table. The sieve
analysis shall be carried out in accordance with SNI 1968-90 F or AASHTO T 27 or JIS
A-1102.

Table- II.10 Grain Size Distribution for Fine Aggregate

Sieve Size Percentage Passing by
(mm) Weight (%)
10 100
5 90 ~ 100
2.5 80 ~ 100
1.2 50 ~ 90
0.6 25 ~ 65
0.3 10 ~ 35
0.15 2 ~ 10

Section VI-WR-3-32
 The deleterious substance content shall not exceed the following values.

Table- II.11 Limit of Deleterious Substance of Fine Aggregate

Test item Maximum Value (%)
Clay lump in accordance with AASHTO T 112 1.0
Loss when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 112 3.0
Percentage of material having specific gravity less than 1.95 1.0

The physical properties of the fine aggregate shall comply with the following values.

Table- II.12 Physical Properties of Fine Aggregate

Characteristic and Standard Test Allowable Value

Specific Gravity determined in accordance with AASHTO T 84 more than 2.55

Water absorption in accordance with AASHTO T 84 less than 3.0%

Loss by abrasion in accordance with AASHTO T 96 less than 30%

Soundness in Accordance with AASHTO T 104 less than 10%

(4) Storage of Aggregate

The Contractor shall submit proposed aggregate storage and handling methods to the
Engineer for his approval before commencing concrete works. The proposals shall be in a
sufficient detail to demonstrate that the material will not be contaminated and shall include, a
minimum requirement of the provisions set out herein.

Well-drained and separated stockpiles for different types of aggregates shall be provided
both at the aggregate sources and at the stockpiles on the Site. A suitable measure shall be
taken to prevent mixing of different aggregates or contamination by foreign matters.
Aggregates from different sources shall be stored separately.

At work places within the Site where a few quantities of aggregates may be piled, such as for
canal lining or small structures, the Contractor shall place the aggregates on timber mats or
platforms to avoid direct contact with the ground. Delivery and off-loading of the aggregates
to such places shall be done in such a manner to avoid the aggregates contamination or
segregation. Types of chutes to deliver the aggregates to the timber mats may be required for
this end.

(5) Water

The water used in mixing concrete shall be subject to the Engineers approval. It may be
close to potable water quality, free from injurious amount of oil, acid, alkalis, salt, organic
and other material substances that may be deleterious to concrete or reinforcement. Quality

Section VI-WR-3-33
 of the mixing water shall be confirmed with the Standards of PBI 71-NI, or ASTM C70 or
AASTHO T-26 Standards.

The Contractor shall when directed by the Engineer have the water tested by an approved
testing institute to demonstrate its suitability for purpose.

3.4.6. Concrete Mix Proportions and Trial Mixes

The Contractor shall perform trial mixtures for all concrete types required in the works after
all concrete materials have been duly approved by the Engineer.

The practice of trial mixes shall continue until the Contractor himself is satisfied that the mix
is well workable and extent of segregation is minimal while transporting and placing. The
trial mix shall also aim to achieve minimum cement and water content while satisfying
required strength.

The Contractor shall then submit to the Engineer for his review and approval all trial mix test
data and results, including mix proportions and compressive strength results of 7-day, 14-day
and 28-day of cylinder (or cube) tests. The final mix proportions for each type of concrete
shall be determined by the Engineer based on such data submitted by the Contractor. The
Engineer may instruct the Contractor for further mix trials or modify the mix proportions of
his own recommendations.

Once the mix proportions are approved by the Engineer, these shall be converted into
material proportioning for the field batching and mixing. Aggregates and cement shall be
measured by weight. Water and admixture shall be measured by volume. All of them shall be
subject to the approval of the Engineer.

Classes of the concrete depending on the type of structure are given in the following table:

Table- II.13 Concrete Classification with Type of Works

Concrete Classification Location in the Works
K-375 Building structure include foundation
K-250 Cast in place pile
K-175 Blinding concrete, and Culvert

The concrete strength refer to 28-day compressive strength, which is determined by making
and crushing cylindrical samples of 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height, and shall be in
accordance with SNI 03-6369-2000 91.100.30, or JIS A 1132 or AASHTO T 23.
Classifications of the concrete are shown in the table below:

Section VI-WR-3-34
 Table- II.14 Concrete Mix Portions
28-day compressive strength
Maximum size Maximum Slump
Concrete (kg/cm2)
of aggregate water/cement (cm)
Type 15 cm x 30 cm (mm ) ratio Less than
15 cm cube
cylinder
K-375 375 300 25.0 0.50 15
K-275 275 220 25.0 0.60 15
K-250 250 200 25.0 0.60 21
K-175 175 150 37.5 0.60 18
K-100 100 80 25.0 0.70 18

The practice of adding water to ready-mixed-concrete is strictly prohibited. When this

malpractice is noted, the Engineer may reject the structure in whole where this concrete is
placed.

3.4.7. Concrete Mixing

The mixing shall be done in concrete batching and mixing plant. For drum mixer, the
minimum mixing time is 150 seconds, while for paddle mixer, the time is 50 seconds.

In case site conditions or the Contractors work methods require small volumes of mixed
concrete, portable mechanical concrete mixers may be used as approved by the Engineer.

Hand mixing of concrete shall not be permitted under any circumstances.

Aggregates, cement and water shall be accurately batched by weight or volume. The
Contractor shall provide and obtain the Engineer's approval for suitable and sturdy
volumetric boxes and buckets at each of the portable mixers in use.

The Contractor shall employ supervisors and workers of good experience in working on
batching and mixing concrete using portable mixers and they shall be trained so that every
requirement in these Specifications shall be met.

3.4.8. Plastic Sheet under Ground Floor Concrete Slab

Concrete is a mixture of Portland cement, water and aggregates. The ratio of water-to cement
is a critical factor in the overall porosity of the slab. While the water/cement ratio of the
concrete mix has a direct impact on the final permeability of a finished slab, the curing of the
concrete has an important degree of influence upon the ability of a slab to transmit moisture
vapour.

To keep the water/cement ration in the constant condition during the curing period
Contractor have to put the plastic sheet under the concrete slap to prevents water leaking.

Plastic sheet of 0.05 mm tick shall be strong enough and of ordinary type conforming to the
requirements of ACI 302.IR-96 or ASTM E 1745-97 or ASTM E 1643-98, or equivalent
standards.

Section VI-WR-3-35
(1) Placing of Concrete

1) Weather Limitations
Placing of concrete during rainfall shall be avoided unless arrangement is made specifically
for such adverse weather conditions as approved by the Engineer. If rainfall starts, or
considered imminent, concreting operation work shall be halted and a construction joint shall
be provided. Curing of placed and finished concrete shall be carried out according to the
requirement of these Specifications.

In case of suspending the concrete work when rain start, the surface of fresh concrete shall
be sufficiently covered by covering sheet and protected by appropriate measures as approved
by the Engineer. This shall be done in order to avoid loss of the cement or honeycombing of
the concrete surface due to such rainfall water, and any other damages caused by the rainfall
and any running water on the surface.

The Engineer may instruct the Contractor to demolish and remove placed concrete when the
Engineer is unhappy with the quality of concrete due to any reasons including the care to the
works during adverse weather. The Contractor shall remove such defective concrete and
replace it with new construction at his own expenses.

2) Placing of Concrete
Before placing concrete in formwork, all sawdust, nails, tying wire, loose stones and all
other debris shall be completely removed. Surface of the formwork shall be coated with
approved release agent or thoroughly wetted but without leaving excess water in the forms.

Concrete shall be placed as close as possible to final position in order to avoid segregation of
the concrete and displacement of the reinforcement, formwork or embedded items. Concrete
placing in horizontal layers shall not exceed 30 cm in thickness. The placing of concrete in
layers shall be done in a way that the concrete already placed shall not be set and can be
vibrated when the next layer of concrete is placed. The placing shall be done continuously in
between specified or approved construction joints.

Concrete placing shall be done using chutes, bottom opening skips, pumping or dropping by
a height of not greater than 1.5 m. Concrete with dropping height of more than 1.5 (one and
half) meters shall be conveyed through a metal or other approved pipes. During placement,
the pipes shall be kept full of concrete, and lower end buried in the newly placed concrete. In
case chutes are used on steep slope, the chutes shall have baffle boards to prevent
segregation of the concrete.

Placement of concrete by pumping shall be permitted by the approval of the Engineer. The
equipment shall be arranged in a way not to give vibrations or shock force to the concrete
already placed. The operation of the concrete pump shall maintain a continuous stream of
concrete without producing air pockets. Concrete shall not be placed in or in contact with
standing or running water. Any water accumulations shall be removed during concreting.

Section VI-WR-3-36
 Concrete placing against existing concrete that have been in position for more than 30
minutes shall be avoided unless a construction joint is formed.

In case concreting operations is halted for any reason, construction joints with keys and
dowel bars to resist shearing force, shall be made either horizontally or vertically as directed
by the Engineer. Before resuming concrete works, surface of already placed concrete shall be
cut-off or chipped-off to remove all laitance, as well as to expose coarse aggregates surfaces.
Surface of the concrete shall be thoroughly saturated with water.

Where there are narrow spacing of reinforcement bars or there are many embedded items or
thin segment of the concrete is designed, there may be difficulty for the concrete to fill voids
completely. In such cases, the Contractor shall provide super plasticizer to the concrete mix
at his own expense to increase the liquidity of the concrete. Type and dosage of the super
plasticizer shall be approved by the Engineer beforehand. The Contractor shall submit to the
Engineer details of the super plasticizer including specifications, dosage, application
methods, etc. in advance.

Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall use at his own expense the
air-entraining admixtures (AE admixture) as approved by the Engineer according to these
Specifications, for concrete canal lining to improve the workability and water tightness.

3) Curing of Concrete
All newly placed concrete shall be cured. Curing shall start immediately after placing and
continue for at least 7 days. It shall be done in such a way that the moisture is always kept at
the exposed surface of the concrete. Curing may be done by wetting the exposed surfaces
with water or by use of curing compound.

The Contractor shall appreciate that the curing is an integral and important part of the
concrete operation to achieve sound and strong concrete structures. Improper curing shall be
considered as serious neglect of the Contractor resulting in defective concrete. The Engineer
may stop all of the Contractor's operations in concrete placing until proper curing procedures
are applied in conformity with these Specifications.

Timber formwork covering the concrete shall be moistened with water at frequent intervals
to keep it from drying during the curing period. Metal formwork exposed to the sun shall be
shaded from direct rays and painted white or otherwise during the curing period. In case
forms have to be removed before the end of the 7-day curing period, the Contractor shall
propose to the Engineer alternative methods such as coating of exposed concrete surface
with curing compound. Otherwise, curing shall continue until the end of the 7-day period as
specified.

Before concreting works commence, the Contractor shall obtain the Engineer's approval for
the curing method including the application of curing compounds. The Contractor shall have
sufficient curing materials on site, if he proposes to use such material.

Section VI-WR-3-37
4) Surface Finishes
Any concrete surfaces shall be finished as indicated on the Drawings or as specified herein
or otherwise directed by the Engineer.

5) Formed Surfaces
All finished concrete surfaces shall be sound, solid and free from honeycombing, lumps,
irregularities and uneven texture or colors. All lumps shall be levelled or rounded if having
sharp corners.

Any remedial treatment necessary to finish concrete surfaces shall be approved by the
Engineer beforehand. The approval shall be issued following his inspection immediately
after removing the formworks and proceed without delay. Any treated concrete surface shall
be rejected if the Engineer had no chance of inspecting it.

Members or parts of the work shall be cut-out and replaced, if the Engineer determines the
defects he found was beyond normal treatment of the surface.

6) Unformed Surfaces
Surface of the concrete placed shall be finished with screeds, wooden trowels or metal
trowels as indicated in the Drawings.

Skelton type forms shall be used as guides for exposed concrete surface finish. The guide
formworks may be made of wooden planks, 18 mm thick plywood or 5 mm thick steel plates
but in any case the material shall be strong enough not to be bent easily by concrete workers
or bent or warped by humidity or water, all subject to the approval of the Engineer. The
guide forms may be removed when the finishing work to the surface of the exposed concrete
is complete, or left in the place as long as there is no mark left on the concrete surface.

Surfaces of canal lining shall require special handling, namely, the concrete placed shall be
levelled by means of screeds and finally finished by trowels. Workers shall work on wood
planks in order to produce uniform surface free from screed marks.

7) Repair to Concrete Surfaces

Repairing of concrete surfaces shall be performed only by skilled workers. The Contractor
shall inform the Engineer as to when repairing of concrete will be performed. Unless
inspection is waived by the Engineer in each specific case, repairing of concrete shall be
performed only in the presence of the Engineer. Concrete surfaces will be tested by the
Engineer where necessary to determine whether surface irregularities are within the limits as
hereinafter specified.

Surface irregularities are classified as abrupt or gradual. Offsets caused by displaced or

misplaced form, sheathing or lining of form sections, or by loose knots or otherwise
defective forms shall be considered as abrupt irregularities and shall be tested by direct
measurements. All other irregularities will be considered as gradual irregularities, and shall

Section VI-WR-3-38
 be tested by use of a template consisting of a straight edge or the equivalent thereof for
curved surfaces. The length of the template will be 1.5 m for testing of formed surfaces, and
3 m for testing of unformed surfaces.

Bag rubbing or sandblasting will not be required on formed surfaces. Nor will grinding be
required of formed surfaces, other than that is necessary for repairing of surface
imperfections.

Correction of surface irregularities will be required only for depression of more than 25 mm
in depth.

For formed surfaces exposed to close views or in contact with water flows, surface
irregularities shall not exceed 6 mm for abrupt irregularities and 15 mm for gradual
irregularities.

8) Repair of Defective Concrete

Defective concrete and concrete damages from any cause, found as the result of examining
the surface or otherwise, shall be removed and replaced with acceptable concrete by the
Contractor at no cost to the Employer. Irregularities of alignment due to inaccurate finishing
of surfaces, bulging of forms, or other defects shall be rectified by and at the expense of the
Contractor.

Before final acceptance of the work, the Contractors shall clean all exposed concrete
surfaces of all stains of cement, mortar or grout, and shall remove all unsighted stains to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.

Repair of concrete shall be performed by skilled workers. The Contractor shall inform the
Engineer as to when repair of concrete is to be performed.

The detailed method for repair of damaged or defective concrete surfaces shall be approved
by the Engineer.

Concrete that is damaged from any cause and concrete that is honeycombed, fractured or
otherwise defective, and concrete with excessive surface depressions, shall be removed and
replaced with dry-pack, mortar, or concrete, as hereinafter specified.

The cost of all materials, labor and equipment required in the repair of concrete shall be
borne entirely by the Contractor.

9) Tolerances of Concrete Structure

Deviations of completed structures from plumb lines or level and from the alignment,
profiles, grades and dimensions shown on the Drawings are inevitable to certain extent in
construction practices. The intent of this paragraph is to establish in general terms the degree
of deviations that are not harmful to the intended purposes of the structures thus acceptable.
The acceptable deviations are termed as tolerances and they mean overall offset plus
surface irregularities. Unless tolerances are indicated specifically in the Drawings, the

Section VI-WR-3-39
tolerances as specified herein shall govern all of the permanent works under the Contract.
The Engineer may reduce the tolerances in case he considers particular structures or part of
that requires more precise and accurate construction than those specified herein for achieving
intended strength or functions of the permanent structures.

The Contractor shall be held responsible for setting and maintaining concrete forms correctly
and strongly enough to hold the fresh concrete within the tolerance limits and shall ensure
that work is completed within the tolerances specified herein. Concrete work that exceeds
these tolerance limits shall be remedied or removed and replaced at the expenses of the
Contractor.

Table- II.15 Tolerance of Concrete Structure

Item Tolerance

1. General structures
(1) Deviation from the level or from the grades
indicated on the Drawings in slabs, beams,
horizontal grooves and railing offsets;
Exposed structure 1 cm in 3 m
Structure for backfill 5 cm in 3 m
(2) Deviation in cross sectional dimensions of
columns, piers, slabs, walls, beams and
similar parts of the structures in section (1)
above
Minus 1 cm
Plus 2 cm
(3) Footings
(a) Deviation of dimensions in plan
Minus 1 cm
Plus 5 cm
(b) Misplacement or eccentricity 2% of the footing 5 cm
width in the direction of misplacement but
not more than
(c) Reduction in thickness 5%
(4) Deviation in the size and location of slab and 5 cm
wall openings
(5) Deviation from the plumb or level of sills and 0.1%
sidewalls
2. Placing of reinforcement bars
(1) Deviation in concrete cover 10%
(2) Deviation in spacing 3 cm

Tolerance for color of concrete: Abrupt changes in color and texture of external concrete
surface exposed to public view shall not be permitted. The Contractor shall ensure that as far
as practicable the surfaces shall be of uniform color and texture or the changes are gradual,
where it is permitted.

Section VI-WR-3-40
 10) Tests on Concrete Works
Tests on concrete materials, test cylinders (or cubes) and extracted core samples shall be
carried out in the Contractor's laboratory unless otherwise stated in the Specifications or
instructed by the Engineer. Unless otherwise specified, materials and completed concrete
works shall be tested in accordance with the standards and at the frequencies as specified
below. However, the Engineer may instruct the Contractor to carry out more frequent tests
when the Engineer notices consistency in test results is not achieved.

The test standard shall be carried out in conformity with the Standards given in the following
table or equivalent JIS at the frequency indicated or as indicated by the Engineer.

Table- II.16 Test on Concrete Works

Material & Test Test Standard Test Frequency
Cement
Mill certificate ASTM C151 At every consignment
Soundness ASTM C 191
Time of setting ASTM C109
Compressive strength
False set ASTM C451
Firmness tests ASTM C 184
Coarse Aggregate
Gradation ASTM C136 1. Before each trial mix, and
Loss test (washing) ASTM C128 2. For every 500 m3 of material, from each
Specific gravity ASTM C131 source, delivered to the Site, and
Loss by abrasion ASTM C535 3. Every time the material source is changed.
Soundness ASTM C88

Material & Test Test Standard* Test Frequency

Fine Aggregate
Gradation ASTM C136 1. Before each trial mix, and
Loss test (washing) 2. For every 500 m3 of material, from each
Specific gravity ASTM C128 source, delivered to the Site, and
Loss by abrasion ASTM C131 3. Every time the material source is changed.
Soundness ASTM C535
Water absorption ASTM C88
Concrete
Slump test ASTM C143 1. Twice a day for each concrete type placed in
SNI 03-1972 the Works,
91-100-30 2. Each work segment for placing concrete,
3. Each batching of the concrete Mixing
4. Every maximum 100 m volume of concrete
Compressive strength ASTM C39 - One sample of six (6) cylinders for each
ASTM C192 concrete type placed each day or each
SNI 03-1974-1990 segment, 2 for 7 days, 2 for 14 days
97-100-30 strength, and 2 for 28 days strength.
- Every maximum 100 m volume of concrete
Air content ASTM C231 At each trial mix and once every three months
SNI 03-3418-1994 for each concrete Type.
97-100-30
Surface tolerances See Clause 3.14 On completion of elements of a structure.

Section VI-WR-3-41
 Material & Test Test Standard Test Frequency
Batching Plant - 1. Weight and volumetric test by the contractor
once a month.
2. Calibration by manufacturer every six (6)
months.
* See Specifications and Drawings for permissible values
The test results shall be progressively analyzed and evaluated statistically. Evaluation shall
be done for more than 10 (ten) excessive test results on the following basis.

11) The probability of strength tests which is below the strength specified in Clause 3.6 shall not
be more than 25 (twenty five) percent.
12) The probability of strength tests which is 80 (eighty) percent of the specified strength in
Clause 3.6 shall not be more than 5 (five) percent.

Section VI-WR-3-42
3.5. CAST IN PLACE CONCRETE WORK

3.5.1. Description of the Works

The work shall cover the furnishing of materials, labor, tools, equipment, fabrication and
installation, testing, packing for transport, delivery to site, unloading, installation, and testing
of cast-in-place concrete work at places as indicated in the Drawing or as specified herein:

This division also specifies cast-in place concrete, including formwork, mix design,
placement procedures, and finishes.

3.5.2. Reference Standards

(1) Tata Cara Pembuatan Rencana Campuran Beton Normal (SNI 03-2834-2000) / Methods for
Design of Normal Concrete Mixes (SNI 03-2834-2000)

(2) Spesifikasi Beton Struktural (SNI 03-6880-2002) / Specifications of Structural Concrete

(SNI 03-6880-2002)

(3) Tata Cara Penghitungan Struktur Beton untuk Bangunan Gedung (SNI-03-2847-2006) /
Calculation Procedures of Concrete Structure for Building (SNI-03-2847-2006).

(4) Spesifikasi Bahan Bangunan - Bagian A: Bahan Bangunan Bukan Logam (SNI
03-6861.1-2002) / Specification of Building Materials - Part A: Non Metals Building
Materials (SNI 03-6861.1-2002)

(5) Spesifikasi Bahan Bangunan - Bagian B: Bahan Bangunan Dari Besi/Baja (SNI
03-6861.2-2002) / Specification of Building Materials - Part B: Building Materials from
Iron/Steel Metal (SNI 03-6861.2-2002)

(6) Peraturan Beton Bertulang Indonesia N.l.-2 Pasal 4.2.3 / Regulation Reinforced Concrete of
Indonesia N.l.-2 Section 4.2.3.

(7) Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) / Indonesia National Standard (SNI).

(8) Standar Industri Indonesia (SII) / Indonesia Industrial Standard (SII).

(9) Japan Architectural Standard Specification for reinforced concrete work (JASS 5, 2009)

(10) Japan Industrial Standards (JIS)

(11) American Concrete Institute (ACI):

1) ACI 211.1 Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete
2) ACI 301 Structural Concrete for Buildings
3) ACI 302 Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction
4) ACI 304R Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete
5) ACI 305R Hot Weather Concreting
6) ACI 315R Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement
7) ACI 318 Building code requirements for reinforced concrete

Section VI-WR-3-43
 8) ACI 347 Form work for Concrete, Fifth Edition.
(12) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AAHTO)

(13) American Association of State Highway (AASHO) M 153

(14) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

1) ASTM C 94 Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete.

2) ASTM C 685 Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and Continuous
Mixing.
3) ASTM C260 Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
4) ASTM C494 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
(15) Technical Specification - Concrete Test.

(16) Technical Specification - Reinforcing Steel

3.5.3. General Procedures

3.5.3.1. The Contractor shall submit product data for proprietary materials and items, including
reinforcement and forming accessories, admixtures, patching compounds, water-stops, joint
systems, curing compounds, dry-shake finish materials, and others if requested by the
Engineer.

3.5.3.2. Shop Drawings

The following Shop Drawings shall be submitted by Contractor for Engineer's approval.

(1) Reinforcing steel cutting schedule showing bends, hooks sizes, laps, anchors and others as
specified in Technical Specification.

(2) Shop Drawings of form works shall show structural members, spacing, sizes, joints, inserts
and other related work in form works, and shall be approved by the Engineer. They shall also
show fabrication and erection of forms for specific finished concrete surfaces. Show form
construction including supporting, jointing, special form joints or reveals, location and
pattern of form tie placement, and other items that affect exposed concrete visually.

(3) Scheme of concrete pouring including mix design, manpower, equipment and tools.

3.5.3.3. Field Inspection, Sampling and Testing.

(1) Field Inspection

1) Prior to the commencement of the cast-in-place concrete work the following preliminary test
shall be performed by the Laboratory at the Contractor's expense. Additional tests shall be
performed if necessary. The Contractor is obligated to follow the results of the trial mixes
and estimates he intends to use in the work described herein.
2) The Contractor shall furnish assistance to the Engineer in sampling and testing works. The
preliminary tests shall include the determination of:
a. Durability.

Section VI-WR-3-44
 b. Characteristics and distribution of aggregates.
c. Cement type and quality.
d. Selection and dosage of admixtures.
e. Proportioning of aggregates classes in the mix.
f. Cement strength, type.
g. Water cement ratio.
h. Slump test.
i. Characteristic of different fresh concrete mixes.
j. Compressive strength.
k. Water tightness.
l. Resistance to weathering.
m. Resistance to adverse chemical reactions.
These tests shall be carried out until concrete mixes have been obtained in conformance with
this Specification.

(2) Sampling and Testing

All testing and sampling shall be accomplished by the Contractor without additional cost.

This work shall continue during actual concrete placing.

Samples and testing shall be taken by the approval of the Engineer, as described below:

(3) Cement

Cement shall have the certificate obtained from the factory of origin and, showing weight per
bag of three (3) to six (6) ply rating.

(4) Aggregates

Aggregate shall conform to and be tested according to JIS A5308, A5005 or ASTM C 33
Specification. Test shall start thirty (30) days prior to the start of the concrete work.

(5) Concrete

At least thirty (30) days before concreting starts, the Contractor will make trial mixes for
testing, materials to be used, and methods which are introduced in the works. Trial mixes
shall be as specified in this Specification.

(6) Admixtures

All admixtures for concrete shall be tested according to JIS A6204, A6201 or the relevant
ASTM C 260 and ASTM C 494 at least thirty (30) days prior to the start of the concrete
works.

Admixtures shall not be used without approval of the Engineer.

Section VI-WR-3-45
 (7) Material Certificates

Material certificates in lieu of material laboratory test reports when permitted by the
Engineer. Material certificates shall be signed by manufacturer and Contractor, certifying
that each material item complies with or exceeds specified requirements. Provide
certification from admixture manufacturers that chloride content complies with specification
requirements

3.5.3.4. Test Mixing/Trial Mixes

(1) The Contractor shall conduct test mixing of concrete, each types and strength applied, prior
to a concrete placing.

(2) Mixing design shall indicate water-cement ratio, water content, admixture content, cement
content, aggregate content, aggregate gradations, slump, air content and strength. For the
minimum and maximum specified slumps for each types and strengths of normal weight
concrete, make four tests mixing, using varying water-cement ratios.

(3) Make test mixing to that when test specimens are cured and tested under laboratory
conditions, their compressive strength will exceed the adequate strength required. For each
test mixing, make six specimens for 3 days, 7 days and 28 days strength test. The 7 days
strength test shall be at least 65% of the 28 days strength required for the test mixing. From
these tests prepare a chart plotting a curve showing the relationship between water-cement
ratio and compressive strength, one chart for 7 days strength, and a second chart for 28 days
strength. The Testing Laboratory shall conduct additional tests (on concrete ingredients when
the character or source of ingredients is changed, and make new design mixes if the placed
concrete fails to meet the specified strength. Concrete test shall be as stipulated in Technical
Specification.

(4) The test result report shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval, and the concrete
placing in site shall not be permitted without satisfactory test result.

3.5.4. Materials

3.5.4.1. Form

(1) Forms for Exposed Finish Concrete:

Forms for Exposed Finish Concrete shall be plywood, metal, metal-framed plywood faced,
or other acceptable panel-type materials to provide continuous, straight, smooth, exposed
surfaces. Furnish in largest practicable sizes to minimize number of joints and to conform to
joint system shown on drawings.

1) Use overlaid plywood Class I.

2) Use plywood Class I, Exterior Grade or better, mill-oiled and edge-sealed, with each piece
bearing legible inspection trademark.

Section VI-WR-3-46
 (2) Forms for Unexposed Finish Concrete:

Forms for Unexposed Finish Concrete shall be plywood, lumber, metal, or another
acceptable material. Provide lumber dressed on at least two edges and one side for tight fit.

(3) Forms for Textured Finish Concrete:

Forms for Textured Finish Concrete shall be units of face design, size, arrangement, and
configuration to match Architect's control sample. Provide solid backing and form support to
ensure stability of textured form liners.

(4) Forms for Cylindrical Columns and Supports:

Forms for Cylindrical Columns and Supports shall be metal, glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, or
paper or fiber tubes that will produce smooth surfaces without joint indications. Provide
units with sufficient wall thickness to resist wet concrete loads without deformation.

(5) Pan-type forms: Glass-fiber-reinforced plastic or formed steel, stiffened to support weight of
placed concrete without deformation.

(6) Carton Forms, biodegradable paper surface, treated for moisture-resistance, structurally
sufficient to support weight of plastic concrete and other super imposed loads.

(7) Form Release Agent: provide commercial formulation form release agent with a maximum
of 350 mg/l volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that will not bond with, stain, or adversely
affect concrete surfaces and will not impair subsequent treatments of concrete surfaces.

(8) Form ties: factory-fabricated, adjustable-length, removable or snap-off metal form ties
designed to prevent form deflection and to prevent spelling of concrete upon removal.
Provide units that will leave no metal closer than 35 mm to the plane of the exposed concrete
surface

Provide ties that, when removed, will leave holes not larger than 25 mm in diameter in the
concrete surface

(9) Form Supporting:

The Contractor shall use steel supports to provide required strength and to prevent
deflection.

3.5.4.2. Concrete

(1) Composition of concrete, either by weight or by volume, shall be as determined by the

Engineer and shall comply with the following conditions:

1) Slump shall be as specified herein.

2) Alternative mixes shall be used prior to the approval of the Engineer.
3) Excluding surface water aggregates.

Section VI-WR-3-47
 (2) Concrete are grouped in different classes, and shall have the following characteristics
derived from laboratory test results:

A B
Water / Cement Ratio 0.54 or less 0.79 or less
Design standard strength at 28 days, 30 15
MPa (cylinder)
Method of compaction concrete when Vibrated or tamped Vibrated or tamped
placed

Unless otherwise specified, concrete of A-type shall be used for all structural members of
building, and shall be ready-mixed concrete. Concrete of B type shall be used for levering
concrete under foundations and other non-structural components.

(3) Water tight concrete (FC30W in drawings) shall be used in all underground, including water
tank, walls and slabs and shall be the concrete of A-type, and coarse aggregate shall be
contained more than 60 % (vol). Max. drying shrinkage of aggregates shall not exceed
0.05%. Integral waterproofing protection of hydrophobic pore-blocking polymers may be
added into the mix to achieve 30-minute water absorption not exceeding 2.0% at the age of
28 days as measured by BS 1881: Part 122: 1983.

(4) Mass concrete (FC30M in drawings) shall be used in the pilecaps and shall be the concrete
of A-type, and its mix design shall take due account of the size and thickness of pour to
minimize the temperature of concrete during curing. Class F fly ash shall be used as
cementitious material with proportions up to 15% by weight. Air entrainment admixtures
shall be added into the mix. Maximum air content shall not exceed 5%. High range water
reducing admixtures may be added into the mix.

3.5.4.3. Cement

Cement shall be Portland cement specified as the followings:

- Type I of SII 0013 (Mutu dan Cara Uji/Quality and Way of Test) Semen Portland.
- JIS RS210 Portland Cement
- ASTM C150 Type I, Specification for Portland cement.
Prior to the purchase of cement, a cement certificate shall be furnished to the Engineer for
approval including the method and handling schedule shall be attached. Cement shall be
furnished in bulk or in bags depending upon the approval of the Engineer. The Contractor
shall use one brand of cement throughout project unless otherwise accepted by the Engineer

3.5.4.4. Water

Water for mixing, curing or another designated application shall be clean and free from
harmful and deleterious substances such as alkali, acids, salt and other inorganic matters and
shall meet the requirements of JASS 5 T-301 and/or approved by the Engineer.

Section VI-WR-3-48
 However, as the case may happen, all water except what as mentioned herein shall be tested
and shall meet the requirement of AAHTO T26 and/or approved by the Engineer.

3.5.4.5. Fine Aggregates

The fine aggregate for concrete shall conform to ASTM C 33 and shall consist of natural
hard sand and shall be approved by the Engineer for concreting works. Fine aggregate shall
meet the following requirements:

TABLE-I
AASHTO TEST METHOD % BY WEIGHT
Clay Lumps T 112 0.5%
Coal and Ignite T 113 0.5%
Material Passing No.200 Sieve T11 3%

Fine aggregate shall not contain inorganic materials, acids, alkalis and other substances. Fine
aggregates shall be uniformly graded and shall meet the following grading requirements of
AASHTO M6.

TABLE-II
% BY WEIGHT PASSING SQUAREMETERS SIEVES
SIEVE -DESIGNATION
(AASHTO T 27)
3/8 inch (9.5 mm) 100
No. 4 (4.75 mm) 95 -100
No. 16 (1.18 mm) 45 -80
No. 50 (0.300 mm) 10 -30
No. 100 (0.150 mm) 2 -10

3.5.4.6. Coarse Aggregates

(1) The coarse aggregates for construction shall consist of granular stones, crushed stone, blast
furnace slag or other approved inert material of similar characteristics which is hard, durable
and free from undesirable substances. Coarse aggregates shall not contain deleterious
substances in excess of the following percentages:

TABLE-III
AASHTO TEST METHOD % BY WEIGHT
Clay Lumps T 112 0.25 %
Materials passing No.200 sieve T 11 1%
Thin or elongated pieces - 10 %
(length greater than 5 x max. thickness)

Other deleterious substances shall not exceed the percentage limits set forth-in this
Specification and/or approved by the Engineer

Section VI-WR-3-49
 (2) Coarse aggregate grading requirements shall be as follows:

TABLE-IV
MAXIMUM SIZE BY WEIGHT PASSING SIVES
OF COARSE SIEVE DESIGNATION
AGGREGATE (cm) 5.08 2.54 1.905 1.27 0.952 No.4 No. 8
1.905 - 100 90-100 - 20-55 0-10 0-5 -
0.952 - - - 100 85-100 10-30 0-10 0-5

(3) Separate sizes of coarse aggregate shall be combined with other sizes at the proportions by
weight or by volume to produce an aggregate that meets the grading requirements specified.

3.5.4.7. Admixture

(1) Admixtures for concrete shall contain not more than 0.1 percent chloride ions

(2) Air entraining admixtures shall conform to ASTM C 260, certified by manufacturer to be
compatible with other required admixtures

(3) Water reducing and retarding admixture for controlling the setting time of concrete, if
required, shall conform to ASTM C 494 type Band D. High-Range Water-Reducing
Admixture shall conform to ASTM C 494, Type F or Type G.

(4) Admixture for accelerating the setting time of concrete, if required, shall conform to ASTM
C 494 type C.

(5) Admixture for retarding the setting time of concrete, if required, shall conform to ASTM C
494 type D.

3.5.4.8. Joint Filler, Joint Sealant and Water Stop

(1) Joint filler shall conform to the requirement of AASHO M 153.

(2) Joint sealant shall conform to the requirement of ASTM C 920.

(3) Water Stop shall be made of flat, dumbbell-type or center bulb-type water stops at
construction joints and other joints as indicated. Provide rubber or Polyvinyl Chloride in
shape and size suitable with the type of the joint, as indicated in the Drawings.

3.5.4.9. Regrets

The Contractor shall provide regrets of not less than 0.55 mm-thick (26 gage) galvanized sheet
steel, where sheet flashing or bituminous membrane are terminated in regrets. Fill regret or
cover face opening to prevent intrusion of concrete or debris.

3.5.4.10. Dovetail Anchor Slots:

Dovetail anchor slots shall be hot-dip galvanized sheet steel, not less than 0.036 inch thick
(22 gage) with bent tab anchors. Fill slot with temporary filler or cover face opening to
prevent intrusion of concrete or debris.

Section VI-WR-3-50
3.5.4.11. Vapor retarder

The Contractor shall provide vapor retarder that is resistant to deterioration when tested
according to ASTM E 154, as follows:

- Polyethylene sheet not less than 8 mils thick.

- Water-resistant barrier consisting of heavy Kraft papers laminated together with glass-fiber
reinforcement and over coated with block polyethylene on each.

3.5.4.12. Absorptive cover

Absorptive cover shall be burlap cloth made from jute or kenaf, 34 gram per-sq-meter
complying with AASHTO M 182, Class 2.

3.5.4.13. Moisture-Retaining Cover

Moisture-retaining cover shall be one of the following, complying with ASTM C 171:

- Waterproof paper.
- Polyethylene film.
- Polyethylene-coated burlap.

3.5.4.14. Liquid Membrane -Forming Curing Compound

Liquid-type membrane-forming curing compound complying with ASTM C 309, Type I,

Class A. Moisture loss not more than 0.55 kg/sq-meter when applied at 4.1 sq-m/liter.

3.5.4.15. Water-Based Acrylic Membrane Curing Compound

The Contractor shall provide material that has a maximum volatile organic compound
(VOC) rating of 350 mg per liter, conforming to ASTM C 309, Type I, Class B.

3.5.4.16. Evaporation Control

Mono molecular film-forming compound applied to exposed concrete slab surfaces for
temporary protection from rapid moisture loss.

3.5.4.17. Underlayment Compound

Free-flowing, self-leveling, pump-able, cement-based compound for applications from 25

mm thick to feathered edges.

3.5.4.18. Bonding Agent

Polyvinyl acetate (interior only) or acrylic base.

3.5.4.19. Epoxy adhesive

Epoxy adhesive shall conform to ASTM C881, two-component material suitable for use on
dry or damp surfaces. Provide material type, grade, and class to suit project requirements.

Section VI-WR-3-51
3.5.4.20. Dowel Bars:

Dowel bars shall be made in accordance with the requirements of Technical Specification.

3.5.4.21. Reinforcing Steel

Reinforcing steel shall be according to the requirements of Technical Specification.

3.5.5. Construction requirements

3.5.5.1. False-work (form supporting) and forms

(1) The Contractor shall design, erect, support, brace, and maintain formwork to support vertical,
lateral, static, and dynamic loads that might be applied until concrete structure can support
such loads. The Contractor shall construct formwork so concrete members and structures are
of correct size, shape, alignment, elevation, and position.
Maintain form work construction tolerances and surface irregularities complying with the
following limits:

- Axis of all finished surface 5mm from designed axis.

- Structural dimension less than 3m, 5 mm.
- Structural dimension over 3 m, 10 mm.
- Use ACI 347 limits for other tolerances, provide class A tolerances for concrete surfaces
exposed to view, and provide class C tolerances for other concrete surfaces.
(2) False-work (Form Supporting)

Construct vertical support of all formwork to provide the required strength and to prevent
deflection of the structural part being worked on caused by overload or vibration. Unless
otherwise shown in detail drawings, construct formworks to accommodate anti deflection
upwards camber as follows:

- For all slabs and beams: 0.2 % of span at span center.

- For all cantilever beams and slabs: 0.4 % of length at the end of the cantilever.
(3) False-work which cannot be founded on solid footings must be supported and reinforced by
sufficient additional supporting false-work. Prior to placing of false-work, a representative
design to carry the loads for a certain job shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.

(4) The Contractor shall fabricate forms for easy removal without hammering or prying against
concrete surfaces. Provide crush plates or wrecking plates where stripping may damage cast
concrete surfaces. Provide top forms for inclined surfaces where slope is too steep to place
concrete with bottom forms only. Kerf wood inserts for forming keyways, regrets, recesses,
and the like for easy removal.

(5) The Contractor shall provide temporary openings for clean-outs and inspections where
interior area of formwork is inaccessible before and during concrete placement. Secure brace
temporary openings and set tightly to forms to prevent losing concrete mortar. Locate
temporary openings in forms at inconspicuous locations.

Section VI-WR-3-52
(6) Provisions for other trades: The Contractor shall provide openings in concrete formwork to
accommodate work of other trades. Determine the size and location of openings, recesses,
and chases from trades providing such items. Accurately place and securely support items
built into forms.

(7) Cleaning and tightening: The Contractor shall thoroughly clean forms and adjacent surfaces
to receive concrete. Remove chips, wood, sawdust, dirt, or other debris just before placing
concrete. Retighten forms and bracing before placing concrete, as required, to prevent mortar
leaks and maintain proper alignment.

(8) Forms shall comply with the requirements below

- All forms shall be provided with adequate clean out openings to permit inspection and easy
cleaning after all the reinforcement is in position.
- Form materials shall be of lumber not less than 20 mm thick and plywood, not less than 12
mm, metal not less than 0,6 mm, or other acceptable material. Wood material used shall be
approved by the Engineer, sufficiently dry and solid enough to receive load, selected straight,
sound and free from loose knot holes, splits and other defects, milled to net shapes and sizes
responsibility. The samples of materials, dressed on at least 2 edges and one side for tight fit,
shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.
- Form, shoring and bracing design and construction shall be the Contractors responsibility.
Forms shall be mortar tight and structurally rigid to disallow distortion due to the pressure of
the vibrator and the concrete and other loads.
- Forms shall be constructed carefully and inspected for adequacy of construction before
concrete pour.
- Surfaces which require a smooth finish and exposed to view shall use plywood of the
required thickness as shown in the Drawings. Provide chamfer strips on all corners of
exposed concrete members.
- All corner joints shall be rigid in order to prevent opening during construction progress. The
Contractor shall be responsible for the adequacy of forms and supports.
- Metal ties, struts, bolts and rods shall be arranged so that when the forms are removed, all
metal shall not be less than 5 cm from the exposed concrete surface.
- For all weather exposed concrete, metal ties if permitted shall be removed to a depth of at
least 2.50 cm from the concrete face without resulting injury.
- Suitable cones shall be provided. The cavities shall be filled with mortar and the surface left
smooth, even and uniform in color.
(9) Where the bottom of the forms is inaccessible, the lower form boards shall be left loose, or
other provisions made so that extraneous materials may be removed from the forms easily
before concrete placing.

Section VI-WR-3-53
3.5.5.2. Vapor Retarder Installation

(1) The Contractor shall place vapor retarder sheeting in position with longest dimension parallel
with direction of pour. Lap joints 150 mm and seal with manufacturers recommended mastic
or pressure-sensitive tape. Cover vapor retarder with sand cushion and compact to depth
indicated.

3.5.5.3. Form Surface Treatment

(1) The Contractor shall coat contact surfaces of forms with an approved, non-residual,
low-VOC, form-coating compound before placing reinforcement

(2) It is not allowed excess form-coating material to accumulate in forms or come into contact
with in-place concrete surfaces against which fresh concrete will be placed. Apply according
to manufacturers instructions

Coat steel forms with a non-staining, rust-preventative material. Rust-stained steel formwork
is not acceptable.

(3) All form surfaces shall be treated with approved oil prior to placing of reinforcing steel, and,
wood forms shall be wetted with water before concrete placing. No treatment compound
shall be used which may discolor the original concrete.

3.5.5.4. Installation of Embedded Items

(1) The Contractor shall set and build into formwork anchorage devices and other embedded
items including electrical and mechanical outlets required for other work that is attached to or
supported by cast-in-place concrete. Use setting drawings, diagrams, instructions, and
directions provided by suppliers of items to be attached.

(2) The Contractor shall install regrets to receive top edge of foundation sheet waterproofing and
to receive through-wall flashings in outer face of concrete frame at exterior walls, where
flashing is shown at lintels, relieving angles, and other conditions. Install dovetail anchor
slots in concrete structures as indicated on drawings

(3) Forms for slabs: The Contractor shall install edge forms, bulkheads, and intermediate screed
strip for slabs to achieve required elevations and contours in finished surfaces. Provide and
secure units to support screed strips using strike-off templates or compacting type screeds.

3.5.5.5. Treatment of Joints

(1) Construction Joints

All construction joints shall be located where shown in the Drawings or determined by the
Engineer. Construction joints shall be perpendicular to the principal lines of stress and in
general shall be located at points of minimum shear at horizontal construction joints. Gauge
strips 4 cm thick shall be placed inside the forms along all exposed faces to give horizontal
straight lines.

Section VI-WR-3-54
 Necessary dowels, load transfer devices and bonding devices shall be placed as shown in the
Drawings. The Contractor shall locate and install construction joints so they do not impair
strength or appearance of the structure, as accepted by the Engineer:

- Provide keyways at least 40 mm deep in construction joints in walls and slabs and between
walls and footings. Bulkheads designed and accepted for this purpose may be used for slabs.
- At beam having 900 mm depth or greater, stop the construction join by shear key with
temporary forms that will be removed prior to following pour. Use solid forms and easy to be
removed without in-fairing the freshly poured concrete or the form itself.
- Place construction joints perpendicular to main reinforcement. Continue reinforcement
across construction joints except as indicated otherwise. Do not continue reinforcement
through sides of strip placements.
- Use bonding agent on existing concrete surfaces that will be joined with fresh concrete.
- Expanded polystyrene board/styrene foam board and pre-molded joint filler shall be used to
create void spaces between consecutive pours of joints containing elastomeric bearing pads.
(2) Water-stops Joints

Steel joints and water-stops shall be placed as locate at all construction joints which contact
with soil or underground water and elsewhere indicated on the Drawings. Install water-stops
to form continuous diaphragm in each joint. Support and protect exposed water-stops during
progress of work. Water-stop shall be continuously and shall be accurately placed, and
securely supported to prevent displacement in exact positions indicated. Joint at intersections
and ends of pieces shall be butt spliced and/or heat sealed as per manufacturer's instructions

(3) Open Joints (Isolation joint in slabs-an-grade)

Open joints shall be constructed where shown in the Drawings (at points of contact between
slabs-on-grade and vertical surfaces, such as column pedestals, foundation walls, grade
beams, and other locations, as indicated) by insertion and subsequent removal of wooden
strip, metal plate or other approved material. The insertion and removal of the template shall
be accomplished without chipping on breakage of edges or corners of the concrete.
Reinforcement shall not extend across an open joint unless specified in the Drawings

(4) Contraction (Control) joints in Slabs-on-Grade

The Contractor shall construct contraction joints in slabs-on-grade to form panels of patterns
as shown. Use saw cuts 3 mm wide by one-fourth of slab depth or inserts 6 mm wise by
one-fourth of slab depth, unless otherwise indicated:

- Form contraction joints by inserting pre-molded plastic, hardboard, or fiberboard strip into
fresh concrete until top surface of strip is flush with slab surface. Tool slab edges round on
each side of insert. After concrete has cured, remove inserts and clean groove of loose debris.
- Contraction joints in unexposed floor slabs may be formed by saw cuts as soon as possible
after slab finishing as may be safety done without dislodging aggregate.

Section VI-WR-3-55
 - If joint pattern is not shown, provide joints not exceeding 4.5 m in either direction and
located to conform to bay spacing wherever possible (at column centerlines, half bays, third
bays). Joint fillers and sealants shall be used.
(5) Expansion Joints:

Poured expansion joints shall be constructed similar to open joints. When remolded
expansion joints are specified, thickness of filler as installed shall be as required in the
Drawings. The joint filler shall be cut to the same shape and size as the surface being joined:

- It shall be fixed firmly against the surface of the concrete already in place in such a manner
that it will not be displaced when concrete is deposited against it.
- Where it is necessary to use more than 1 (one) piece of filler to cover any surface, the
abutting pieces shall be placed in dose contact and the joint between them shall be covered
with a layer of asphalt saturated roofing felt of not less than 18 kg grade, one side of which
shall be covered with hot asphalt to ensure proper retention.
- Where joint sealant is indicated, the joint tiller shall be set at least 7 mm below or behind the
exposed concrete surface.
- Immediately after the forms are removed, the expansion joints shall be inspected carefully.
- Any concrete or mortar that has sealed across the joints shall be cut neatly and removed.
When, during construction, an opening of 3 mm or more appears in any joint over which any
traffic will occur, the opening shall be completely filled with joint sealant as directed by the
Engineer.

3.5.5.6. Tolerances

(1) The Contractor shall maintain and set the concrete forms to ensure that, after form removal
and prior to patching and finishing work, no portion of the concrete work shall exceed any of
the tolerances specification in the Drawings. Variations of deck levels shall be measured
before removal of shoring and supports. Tolerances shall conform to ACI347 and/or be
approved by the Engineer.

(2) The followings are tolerance for formed surfaces

1) Variation from Plumb:

a. Line and surfaces of columns, piers, walls and arises in:
- in any 3 m of length 6 mm
- maximum for the entire length 15 mm
b. Exposed corners columns, control-joint grooves, and other conspicuous lines:
- in any 6 m of length 6 mm
- maximum for the entire length 13 mm
2) Variation from level or Grade specified in the Contract Documents:
a. Slab soffits, ceilings, beam soffits and arises, (measured before removal of supporting
shores) in:
- in any 3 m of length 6mm

Section VI-WR-3-56
 - in any bay or in any 6 m length 10mm
- maximum for the entire length 15 mm
b. Exposed lintels, sills, parapets, horizontal grooves, and other conspicuous lines:
- in any bay or in 6 m length 6 mm
- maximum for the entire length 13 mm
c. Variation of the linear Building Lines from Established Position in Plan and related Position
of Columns, Walls, and Partitions:
- in any bay 13 mm
- in any 6 m of length 13 mm
- maximum for the entire length 15 mm
d. Variation in the Sizes and location of Sleeves, Floor Openings, and Wall Openings.
e. Variation in Cross-sectional Dimensional of Columns and Beams and in the Thickness of
Slab and Walls minus 6 mm, plus 13 mm.
f. Footings:
1) Variation in dimensions in plan minus 6 mm, plus 50 mm.
2) Misplacement or eccentricity:
2 percent of the footing width in the direction of misplacement but not more than 50 mm.
3) Thickness:
- Decrease in specified thickness 5 percent.
- Increase in specified thickness no limit.
4) Variation in Steps:
a. In a flight of stairs:
- Rise plus/minus 3 mm
- Tread plus/minus 6 mm
b. In consecutive steps:
- Rise plus/minus 1.5 mm
- Tread plus/minus 3 mm
Tolerances apply to concrete dimensions only, not to positioning of vertical reinforcing steel,
dowels, or embedded items.

3.5.5.7. Proportioning and Mixing of Concrete

(1) Prepare design mixes for each type and strength of concrete by either laboratory trial batch or
field experience methods as specified in ACI 301. For the trial batch method, use an
independent testing agency accepted by the Engineer for preparing and reporting proposed
mix designs. Limit use of fly-ash to not exceed 15 percent of cement content by weight.

(2) Submit written reports to CM of each proposed mix for each class of concrete at least 15
days prior to start of work. Do not begin concrete production until proposed mix designs
have been reviewed by CM.

Section VI-WR-3-57
(3) Design mixes to provide normal weight concrete with the following properties as indicated
on drawings and schedules:

- 30 MPa, 28 days compressive strength.

The Contractor shall try several different water cement ration to get W/C (water cement
ratio) for each slump limits. For concrete of roof slabs, toilets, tanks, lift pits, basement slabs
and walls, and any part of structure susceptible of contact with water, make the waterproof
concrete with cement content at least 350 kg/cubic-meter.

(4) Water-cement Ratio: provide concrete for following conditions with maximum watercement
(W/C) ratios as follows:

- Subjected to watertight: W / C = 0.54.

- Subjected to mass concrete: W / C = 0.45
(5) Slump Limits: Permissible slump of concrete shall be as specified. Mixing of concrete shall
not commence without ensuring that the stocks of components are adequate, with a
reasonable safety margin, for the completion of the particular pour of concrete. Proportion
and design mixes to result in concrete slump at point of placement as follows:

- Ramps, stabs, and sloping surfaces: not more than 150 mm.
- Reinforced foundation systems: not less than 100 mm and not more than 150 mm.
- Concrete containing high-range water-reducing admixture (super-plasticizer): not more than
200 mm after adding admixture to site-verified 50-75 mm slump concrete.
- Other concrete: not more than 150 mm.
(6) Lightweight structural concrete:

Lightweight aggregate and concrete shall conform to ASTM C 330:

- Proportion mix to produce concrete with a minimum compressive strength of 12.5 MPa at 28
days and a calculated equilibrium unit weight of 17.5 kN/cubic-meter plus or minus 0.5
kN/cubic-meter as determined by ASTM C 567.
- Concrete slump at the point of placement shall be the minimum necessary for efficient
mixing, placing, and finishing. Maximum slump shall be 150 mm for pumped concrete and
125 mm elsewhere.
Air entrain concrete exposed to weather according to ACI301 requirements.

(7) Adjustment to concrete mixes:

Mix design adjustments may be requested by contractor when characteristics of materials,

job conditions, weather, test results, or other circumstances warrant, as accepted by
CM/Engineer. Laboratory test data for revised mix design and strength results must be
submitted to and accepted by CM before using in work

(8) In case of pours which can not be interrupted the Contractor shall make provision for
adequate standby equipment as approved by the Engineer.

Section VI-WR-3-58
 (9) Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered in accordance with requirements of
ASTM C 944 or ASTM C 685.

3.5.5.8. Admixture

(1) The Contractor shall use water-reducing admixture or high-range water-reducing admixture
(super-plasticizer) in concrete, as required, for placement and workability.

(2) The Contractor shall use high-range water-reducing admixture in pumped concrete, concrete
for heavy-use industrial slabs, architectural concrete, parking structure slabs, concrete
required to be watertight, and concrete with water-cement ratios below 0.50.

(3) Use air-entraining admixture in exterior exposed concrete unless otherwise indicated. Add
air-entraining admixture at manufacturer's prescribed rate to result in concrete at point of
placement having total air content with a tolerance of plus or minus 1.5 percent within the
following limits:

1) Concrete structures and slabs exposed to hydraulic pressure:

- 4.5 percent (moderate exposure); 5.5 percent (severe exposure) for 35 mm maximum
aggregate.
- 4.5 percent (moderate exposure); 6.0 percent (severe exposure) for 25 mm maximum
aggregate.
- 5.0 percent (moderate exposure); 6.0 percent (severe exposure) for 20 mm maximum
aggregate.
- 5.5 percent (moderate exposure); 7.0 percent (severe exposure) for 12 mm maximum
aggregate.
2) Other concrete not exposed to hydraulic pressure, or to receive a surface hardener: 2 to 4
percent air.
(4) The Contractor shall use admixtures for water reduction and set accelerating or retarding in
strict compliance with manufacturer's directions.

3.5.5.9. Concrete Mixing

Ready-Mixed Concrete: The Contractor shall comply with requirements of ASTM C 94, and
as specified:

(1) When ready-mixed concrete in used, supply the concrete mix by an approved supplier.
Submit the name address of the ready-mixed supplier to the Engineer for approval.
Arrangement shall be made by the Contractor for inspection by the Engineer to the ready
mixed plant. Inspection or/and the approval of the Engineer will not release the contractor
from his responsibility in ensuring that ready-mixed concrete complies with the requirement
of the specifications.

(2) The weights of cement and fine aggregate and coarse aggregate shall be continuously
recorded at the batching plants by means of apparatus regularly calibrated by relevant
government authorities. Submit record of cement and aggregate and water contents of each

Section VI-WR-3-59
 batch to the Engineer. Make periodic tests to determine the moisture content of the aggregate
and the volume of water to be added for mixing.

(3) When air temperature is between 30 deg C and 32 deg C, reduce mixing and delivery time
from 1.5 hours to 75 minutes, and when air temperature is above 32 deg C, reduce mixing
and delivery time to 60 minutes. Except when a retarder is used, the maximum time may be
up to 3.5 hours the allowable maximum waiting time shall discussed before concrete
placement to ensure the allowable waiting time.

(4) The Contractor shall make a proper time record on all mixing activities in the plan. This
record, signed by plan authority, shall accompany concrete delivery to site with properly
record arrival time of delivery trucks. This record shall be available at any time to the
Engineer.

(5) The record must be available at project and consists of the following information:

1) Arrival of ready-mixed delivery trucks.

2) Mixing time of ingredients and adding of water.
3) Truck registration number and plant name.
4) Time of placing.
5) Taking of cubes specimen.
6) Slumps.
(6) The contractor must responsible for the quality of concrete resulting from ready-mixed
pouring. The Engineer has the rights to change the ready-mixed supplier or to stop further
use of ready-mixed concrete when it is deemed unsatisfactory due to the inconformity with
the specifications.

3.5.5.10. Concrete Placement

Prior to concrete pouring, the Contractor shall thoroughly clean all mixing and transporting
equipment. The Contractor also shall clean area where concrete will be placed, remove
miscellaneous objects, and spray water to moisten the sheathing boards and construction
joints. Concrete shall not be placed until forms, reinforcements, insert, block outs and others
have been approved by the Engineer.

(1) All formwork where concrete is poured shall be cleaned free from dirt and any loose
materials.

- Prior to concrete placement, clean the area where concrete will be placed, remove
miscellaneous objects, and spray water to moisten the sheathing boards and construction
joints.
- Formworks and abutting constructed wall shall be thoroughly wet and all reinforcement shall
be well set.
- Before placing the concrete, all surface of existing concrete shall be roughened and cleaned
from loose material and coated with non-shrink cement mortar having same properties as the

Section VI-WR-3-60
 concrete.
- Water shall be removed from the forms where the concrete is to be poured.
- The forms shall be cleaned, free of shakes, splits, notches, debris, and warps before concrete
is poured.
(2) Inspection

Before placing concrete, inspect and complete formwork installation, reinforcing steel, and
items to be embedded or cast in. Notify other trades to permit installation of their work. The
whole operation process shall be constantly inspected and supervised by an experienced and
responsible inspector.

(3) The Contractor shall generally comply with ACI-304, "Guide for Measuring, Mixing,
Transporting, and Placing Concrete", and as specified. The transporting, weighting and
mixing method of materials shall be subject to the Engineers approval. The external surface
of concrete shall be properly worked out during the placing thorough vibration of 38-50 cm
distances shall be maintained in order to avoid honeycombing and to obtain smooth surfaces.

(4) Placing concrete in forms

Cast concrete in forms in horizontal layers not deeper than 600 mm and in a manner to avoid
inclined construction joints. Where placement consists of several layers, cast each layer
while preceding layer is still plastic to avoid cold joints.

(5) Compaction of concrete

Compaction of concrete by mechanical vibrating equipment supplemented by hand-spading,
rodding, or tamping.

Use equipment and procedures for consolidation of concrete complying with ACI-309.

- Compaction of concrete shall be performed to all parts of the concrete form.

- During the vibration of concrete, the vibrator stick shall be held plumb or perpendicular to
the horizontal surface of the fresh concrete.
- Normal allocation shall be at least two bar-type vibrators for each concrete conveying
pipeline system, and two or more vibrator-operating workers plus more than seven workers
for tapping compaction.
- Do not use vibrators to transport concrete inside forms. Insert and withdraw vibrators
vertically at uniformly spaced locations no farther than the visible effectiveness of the
machine. Place vibrators to rapidly penetrate placed layer and at least 150 mm into preceding
layer. Do not insert vibrators into lower layers of concrete that have begun to set. At each
insertion, limit duration of vibration to time necessary to consolidate concrete and complete
embedment of reinforcement and other embedded items without causing mix to segregate.
(6) Placing concrete in slabs: deposit and consolidate concrete slabs in a continuous operation,
within limits of construction joints, until completing placement of a panel or section.

- Consolidate concrete during placement operations so that concrete is thoroughly worked

Section VI-WR-3-61
 around reinforcement, other embedded items and into corners.
- Bring slab surfaces to correct level with a straightedge and strike off. Use bull floats or
derbies to smooth surface free of humps or hollows. Do not disturb slab surfaces prior to
beginning finishing operations.
- Maintain reinforcing in proper position on chairs during concrete placement.
(7) Placing concrete in columns and walls. Vertical fouring shall be made continuously to
prevent segregation. Vertical dropping of concrete shall not be greater than 1.50 m or
otherwise a tremie-pipe shall be used. For walls, columns or other considerably high unit,
concrete shall not be permitted to be poured from the top, but shall arranged to be poured
through the forms side.

(8) Hot-weather Concrete: when hot weather conditions exist that would impair quality and
strength of concrete, place concrete complying with ACI-305 and as specified:

- Cool ingredients before mixing to maintain concrete temperature at time of placement to

below 32 deg C. Mixing water may be chilled or chopped ice may be used to control
temperature, provided water equivalent of ice is calculated to total amount of mixing water.
Using liquid nitrogen to cool concrete is Contractor's option.
- Cover reinforcing steel with water-soaked burlap if it becomes too hot, so that steel
temperature will not exceed the ambient air temperature immediately before embedding in
concrete.
- Fog spray forms, reinforcing steel, and sub-grade just before placing concrete. Keep
sub-grade moisture uniform without puddles or dry areas.
- Use water-reducing retarding admixture when required by high temperatures, low humidity,
or other adverse placing conditions, as acceptable to the Engineer.

3.5.5.11. Concrete Pump Placement

Transferring fresh concrete by concrete pumping shall conform to JIS AS308 (ready mixed
concrete) or equivalent of local standard and also the following:

(1) Preparation for placing concrete shall be carried out to enable concrete to be placed within
one hour and a half after the start of mixing. Transport time shall be adjusted to pouring time,
and time for waiting carriers shall not be prolonged. Forced feeding shall not be interrupted.

(2) No water shall be added when sending concrete by conveying or forced feed.

(3) Transferring fresh concrete by pumping:

- Transferring pipes shall be held using walking boards on supporting bases, trestles,
suspending hardware, etc. No hazardous vibration of transferring pipe shall be transmitted to
concrete forms or reinforcing bars.
- The size of the conveying pipe shall be determined in consideration of the following:
1) Distance and height of pressured pump transferring, affect on concrete of forced feed,
difficulty of using forced feed, air temperature.

Section VI-WR-3-62
 2) Volume of forced feed per-unit time and maximum size of coarse aggregates.
3) Minimum nominal diameter of Transferring Pipe and the maximum size of coarse aggregates

Maximum size of coarse aggregates (mm) Minimum nominal diameter of

Crushed stone and blast furnace slag coarse aggregates Transferring Pipe
20
100
25
- 125

4) The length of the flexible pipe shall be less than 6 meters as a rule when the nominal size of
the conveying pipe is less than 100 mm. For pipes over 100 mm the pipe shall be less than 5
meters except for pump vehicles with boom.
5) The maximum horizontal transportable distance of pressured pump transferring shall be more
than the horizontal equivalent of the total piping distance plus a certain allowance.
6) Prior to pressured pump transferring of concrete, rich mortar shall be feeded in order to
prevent change in concrete quality. Prior to pressured pump transferring of mortar, the inner
surface of the equipment should be wet, if necessary.
7) The following sections of pressured pump transferring concrete shall be discarded:
- Concrete changed significantly during pressured pump transferring.
- Altered portion of mortar stated in first ejected.

3.5.5.12. Concrete Placement by Chutes Pipes and Troughs

(1) Concrete shall be placed so as to prevent segregation of materials and displacement of

reinforcing bars. Where steep slopes are required, the chutes shall be equipped with baffle
boards which shall be in short lengths that reverse the direction of movement. All chutes,
troughs and pipes shall be maintained and kept free from a hardened coating of concrete by
properly flushing with water after each run. The flushed water shall be discharged clear of
the concrete already in place.

(2) Concrete shall not be dropped in the forms from a height more than 1.50 meters unless
confined by closed chutes of pipes or tremie-pipe. After initial setting of concrete, forms
shall not be jarred and no strain shall be placed on the ends of the reinforcement. Concrete
shall be discharged from the mixer and transported within 2 (two) hour to final positions as
approved by the Engineer. This shall guarantee that the concrete is of the required
workability at the point and time of placing and the Contractor shall maintain a continuous
delivery of concrete.

(3) All the equipment, machinery and tools used for this work shall be clean, and in good
operating condition. If possible a standby unit or spare parts shall be available in site.

(4) If used, pump lines must be laid so that the flow of concrete is not interrupted. Sharp bends
shall be avoided.

Section VI-WR-3-63
 (5) Water content and particle size of aggregates shall be carefully watched when concrete is
being pumped to avoid clogging. The slopes of troughs for conveying the fresh concrete shall
be well chosen so that the concrete with minimum water content flows in a uniform stream
without segregation of cement and aggregate.

(6) When concrete is placed directly on earth, the bed or base shall be clean and compacted, and
free from standing or running water, and shall be in accordance with the Specified Drawings.
Form surfaces upon which concrete are to be placed shall be properly cleaned of mud, loose
rock, debris and other objectionable materials of coatings. These procedures shall be subject
to the Engineer for the approval

3.5.5.13. Removal of Forms

(1) Forms and false-work shall not be removed without the approval of the Engineer. The
Engineer's approval shall not relieve the Contractor for the safety of the work.

The schedule for removal shall be determined by the Engineer, as such that:

- Load carrying members, including those supporting their own weight only, are gradually
subjected to working stresses.
- Form ties, groove strips and other temporary items are removed as work progresses.
- Concrete faces, joints and recesses are maintained free from damages.
- Other than nailing blocks or strips as may be shown or approved, wood remaining in
concrete will not be permitted.
(2) When concrete strength test are used to determine time for removal shall not begin until
concrete has attained respective percentage of design strength as tabulated hereinafter.

(3) When otherwise, times of removal of forms and supports shall not be sooner than number of
days as tabulated hereinafter, following completion of entire concrete placements for
respective items of work.
Removal Limitations:
The period of leaving forms and shoring (days)
Percentage
The mean temperature * (C)
Place of forms Kind Concrete Design of
5 or more but
15 or more Less than 5 Strength (%)
less than 15
Under Standard 28
Girders, Concrete
Beams, Early Strength 28
Lintels Concrete
Under Floor Standard 17 25 29
Slabs, Roof Concrete
Slabs Early Strength 8 12 15
Concrete
Walls, Standard 3 5 8
Columns Concrete
and sides

Section VI-WR-3-64
 of Early Strength 2 3 5
Beams Concrete
and all
Other
Vertical
Surfaces
* The mean temperature shall be the average temperature from the concrete placing to the
removal of forms and shoring.

In case, immediately after removal of supporting works, a load imposed on the member is
greater than 1.3 times the design load in the structural calculation, the required compressive
strength of concrete shall be found by calculation and the period of leaving the supporting
work shall be extended until obtaining of the said strength is confirmed, in spite of the period
of leaving supporting works provided by (2) and (3) in Clause 3.3.5.13 as previously
mentioned

3.5.5.14. Concrete Surface Repair

(1) The Contractor shall request to the Engineer to inspect concrete surfaces immediately upon
removal of forms.

(2) The Contractor shall (at his own expense) replace concrete not conforming to required lines,
details and elevations or having excessive defects. (Do not patch, fill, touch-up, repair, or
replace exposed architectural concrete except upon the express direction of the Engineer).

(3) All general concrete formed surfaces shall have "as-cast" finish using specified forms. Tie
holes shall be plugged. Exposed surfaces and surfaces to receive paint shall have repairable
defects patched, have joints pointed, have fins and mortar drippings rubbed smooth, and have
form coating films and surface dirt removed.

(4) Honeycombs, hollows or cold joints shall be repaired immediately after removal of forms.
Patching materials shall be cohesive, unshrinkable and surpassed the concrete in strength.

(5) Remove blemishes, rust, stains or discolorations from exposed concrete or concrete to be
painted by:

1) Light sand blasting.

2) A clean down with a mild solution of detergent and water applied by scrubbing vigorously
with soft bristle brushes, then flushing out with water. Remove rust stains by applying a
paste of oxalic acid allow standing, and removing by rubbing with an approved hone.
3) A clean down with a solution of muriatic acid containing not less than 2% nor more than 5%
acid by volume, applied to surface previously saturated with clean water. Remove acid.
Protect metal and other materials that would be damaged by acid.
4) Lime poultice.
5) Honing or grinding.

Section VI-WR-3-65
3.5.5.15. Concrete Finishing

(1) Finishes for Top Surface of Concrete.

After concrete placing, a concrete surface shall be evenly tamped or trowelled. Shrinkage or
a crack occurred within one or two hours due to concrete settlement, shall be immediately
repaired by tamping or trowelling.

(2) Floor Slab Finishes.

1) General.
Generally, schedule of finishes shall be as follows, unless otherwise specified in the
Drawings.

2) Scratched Finish.
After the concrete has been placed, struck off, consolidated and leveled the surface shall be
roughened with stiff brushes or rakes before taking a final set.

Scratched finish shall be required for concrete flat-work surfaces that will receive concrete or
cement fill or a finish material set with cement mortar.

3) Floated Finnish.
After the concrete has been placed, struck off consolidated, and leveled, it shall not be
worked further until the water sheen has disappeared, and/or when the mix has stiffened
sufficiently to permit the proper operation of a power-driven float. The surface shall then be
consolidated with power-driven floats. Hand floating with wood or cork-faced floats shall be
used in locations inaccessible to the power-driven machine. All high spots shall be cut down
and all low spots filled to within a tolerance of 1/1000. The surface shall then be refloated
immediately to a uniform, smooth, granular texture.

Floated finish shall be required for concrete flatwork surfaces that will receive waterproof
membranes.

4) Troweled Finish.
The surface shall be finished first with power floats as specified above for "Floated Finish",
then with power trowels, and finally with hand trowels.

The finished surface shall be dense and smooth, free of any trowel marks, uniform in texture
and appearance and shall be in a true plane with a tolerance of 3mm in 3.05m.

On surfaces intended to receive resilient floor coverings, any defects that would show
through the floor covering shall be removed by grinding. Troweled finish shall be required
for concrete flat-work surfaces that will be exposed, or that will receive resilient flooring,
carpeting, or any other floor coverings requiring a smooth base slab.

5) Broomed Finish.
Immediately after the concrete has been floated, as specified above under "Troweled Floated
Finish" to a true plane the surface shall be given a scored texture, at right angles to the

Section VI-WR-3-66
 direction of traffic, by lightly drawing a broom across the surface. Use a stiff broom for
ramps.

Broomed finish shall be required for exposed concrete ramps and walks.

6) Troweled Floated Finish.

The surface shall be finished first as specified above for "Troweled Finish", then the surface
shall be finished with a wood float to obtain a uniform, non-directional grainy or sandy
texture.

Troweled floated finish shall be required for site concrete (borders, bands, curbs, paving,
steps).

7) Hardener and Dustproofer.

After the concrete surface has been finished and cured for at least 28 days, apply 3 coats of
hardener and dustproofer in accordance with manufacturer's written instruction. Allow to dry
between coats. Hardener and dustproofer shall be required for all exposed interior concrete
floor surfaces and for interior concrete floor surfaces that will receive carpeting.

8) Non-Slip Finish.
Trowel abrasive aggregate into the surface at the floating stage at the rate as specified by the
manufacturer. Non-slip finish shall be required at stair treads and landings.

(3) Installing and Finishing Concrete Fill and Topping.

1) Floor fill: Clean base slab, wet slightly, brush on cement grout, and place concrete fill
immediately. Tamp and roll fill, and finish as indicated for specified floor finish.
2) Floor topping: (Same as for floor fill)
3) Cement fill over roofing and waterproofing; Clean surface of membrane, pour fill on
carefully, and slope to drains. Finish with a steel trowel for roofs. Finish over waterproofing
as indicated for specified floor finish.
4) Concrete fill under roofing and waterproofing: (Same as for floor fill) slope fill to drains and
finish with a wood float.
5) Concrete base for mechanical equipment: Clean base slab, brush in pure cement grout,
immediately place normal weight concrete fill to within 25 mm of finished platform or
foundation elevation, and place cement topping monolithically before normal weight
concrete fill has set. Trowel cement topping to a dense, smooth finish.
Tool exterior corners. Set anchor bolts during pouring of normal weight concrete fill,
accurately located by templates.

3.5.5.16. Backfilling.

Backfill shall be placed in layers of 20 cm maximum and tamped thoroughly as soon as

concrete is twenty eight (28) days old or until the cylindrical test indicates the twenty eight
(28) days strength has been achieved.

Section VI-WR-3-67
 All backfill material shall be approved by the Engineer prior to the back filling work, as
specified in Technical Specification.

3.5.5.17. Curing and Protection.

The following measures shall be taken to protect freshly deposited concrete from the sun,
wind and rain until it has set properly, and to prevent quick drying.

- Covered by bur lap.

- All forms containing concrete shall be kept moist until they are removed.
- All exposed surfaces of concrete shall be moistened continuously for 14 consecutive days
after pouring.
- Special care shall be taken of surfaces of roof-slabs which shall either be covered with
moistened hessian or be protected from drying out by other suitable means.
- It shall not be allowed to store materials on or to transport them over construction, which, in
the opinion of the Engineer, has not been sufficiently hardened.
- Other applicable method of curing concrete shall be approved by the Engineer.

3.5.5.18. Quality Control Testing during Construction

The Contractor shall bear all necessary measures to perform tests and to submit test reports
of quality control of concrete work.

(1) Sampling and testing for quality control during concrete placement may include the
following, as directed by the Engineer:

Sampling Fresh Concrete; ASTM C172, except modified for slump to comply with ASTM C
94, and shall be conducted in accordance with the following table:

Test for Fresh Concrete

Test type Test Method Number of times performed
Slump ASTM C 143 (Slump test for concrete) (Ordinary concrete)
Air Content ASTM C 173, volumetric method for More than once a day when the concrete
lightweight or normal weight concrete. type changes, and more than once for every
150 cubic-meters or fraction thereof.
ASTM C 231, pressure method for normal (Lightweight concrete)
weight concrete. More than once in the morning and afternoon
respectively when the lightweight concrete
type changes, and over once every 100
cubic-meters or fraction thereof.
Specific Weight JIS A1116 (Test of specific weight of fresh (Ordinary concrete)
concrete and test of air weight (weight As necessary.
method) (Lightweight concrete)
More than once in the morning and in the
afternoon when the concrete type changes,
and also over once every 100 cubic meters or
fraction thereof.
Concrete ASTM C 1064 one test hourly when air temperature is 40
Temperature deg F (4 deg C) and below, when 80 deg
F(27 deg C) and above, and one test for each
set of compressive strength specimens.

Section VI-WR-3-68
 - Compression test specimen: ASTM C 31; one set of four standard cylinders for each
compressive-strength test, unless otherwise directed. Maid and store cylinders for
laboratory-cured test specimens except when field-cured test specimens are required. Provide
specimen label indicating casting date and structure part where the sample is taken. Take
sample at pouring location.
- Compressive-strength tests; ASTM C 39; one set for each day pour exceeding 5 cubic-meters.
Plus additional sets for each 50 cubic-meters more than the first 25 cubic-meters of each
concrete class placed in anyone day; one specimen tested at 7 days, two specimens tested at
28 days, and one specimen retained in reserve for later testing (assessing timing to remove
forms) it required.
- When total quantity of a given class of concrete is less than 50 cubic-meters, the Engineer
may waive strength testing if adequate evidence of satisfactory strength is provided.
(2) When frequency of testing will provide fewer than five strength tests for a given class of
concrete, conduct testing from at least five randomly selected batches or from each batch if
fewer than five are used.

(3) When strength of field-cured cylinders is less than 85 percent of companion laboratory cured
cylinders, evaluate current operations and provide corrective procedures for protecting and
curing the in-place concrete.

(4) Curing of test pieces:

Curing method and temperature for test pieces shall be as follows:

- For curing conforming to JIS A1132 (Method of producing specimens for concrete strength
test) the curing temperature shall be 203C (202C for winter concreting).
- For curing on-site, conditions in the curing area should be similar to the site itself for water,
moist sand or saturated moisture. The curing temperature shall be the mean of all-maximum
and minimum temperature values of water in curing water tank, moist sand or saturated
moisture as measured during the curing period. Avoid direct sunlight on curing water tank or
the like.
(5) Compression test:

Compression strength test shall conform to JIS Al108 (Test method for concrete compression
strength).

Mean value (X) of compression strength at one test if given by equation shown below:

X1 X 2 X3
X
3
X=Mean value of compression strength (N/mm2)

X1, X2, X3 =COMPRESSIVE strength (N/mm2) of three specimens in one test

Section VI-WR-3-69
Total mean value (X) of compression strength over a number of tests shall conform to
equation shown below:

X 1 X 2 X 3 X 1 XN
X N
N
X= Total mean value of compression strength (N/mm2)
Xi = Mean value of compression strength at i-th test (N/mm2)
N =Number of tests

Strength level of concrete will be considered satisfactory if averages of sets of three

consecutive strength test results equal or exceed specified compressive strength and no
individual strength test result falls below specified compressive strength by more than 30
MPa (300 kg/square-cm).

Section VI-WR-3-70
3.6. FORMWORK AND FINISHES

3.6.1. General

Design and installation of formworks and supports shall be done at the Contractors sole
responsibility. The Contractor shall submit proposed design and installation methods at least
two weeks before installation of the formworks to the Engineer for his approval. The
proposal shall include working drawings and calculations indicating the strength of the
formworks together with supports or scaffoldings, details of the materials and readymade
assemblers to be used in the installation of the formworks.

Formwork may be made of timber, plywood, plastic coated plywood or steel plate. The
proposed design and installation methods shall demonstrate that the formworks with strutting
and bracing shall be strong enough to contain and hold fresh concrete and rigid enough to
work against pressures and weight of the concrete including pressures caused by vibrating
machines and weight of workers and equipment engaged in concreting, with expected
deformation and deflection within the tolerances as specified in these Specifications. The
work drawings shall show the proposed details of installation such as sizes of members,
spacing of bents, posts, studs, wailings, stringers, collars, bolts, wedges, bracing, rate of pour,
as well as the manufacturers recommendations for safe working capacity of all form ties and
column clamps. Any assumptions, dimensions, material properties and other data used in
making the structural analysis shall be stated on the shop drawings.

The formwork shall be installed accurately to represent the shape of the concrete as shown
on the detailed Drawings. It shall be of suitable design for easy installation and it shall be
approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall give necessary adjustments to allow for
shrinkage, settlement or deflection that may occur during construction so that the finished
concrete sections conform accurately to the specified dimensions true to lines, levels and
cambers.

The Contractor shall employ screw jacks and hardwood wedges to take up any settlement in
the formwork either before or during the placing of concrete. Formwork shall provide for its
own deformation under load, and shall be cambered to allow for construction deflection
where this is necessary to maintain the required accuracy as approved by the Engineer.

Formwork shall include all temporary or permanent moulds, shutters and any kind of
box-out for forming the concrete, together with all necessary supports. It must be so
designed and constructed that the concrete can be properly placed and compacted by
vibration or otherwise without loss of material, and so that the concrete shall set and harden
without damage and shall conform accurately to the required finished shape, dimension,
position and level.

Internal formwork supports and ties shall be to the approval of the Engineer as to material,
location and design. The whole or part of such supports and ties shall be removed without

Section VI-WR-3-71
 damage to the concrete so as to leave no part embedded nearer the surface of the concrete
than the designed cover of reinforcement (generally 5 cm).

Before concreting commences all box-out shuttering must be firmly fixed in position.
Box-out shuttering shall be so constructed that it can be removed without damage to the
surrounding concrete.

Formwork shall be cleaned after use, and shall be clean before concrete is placed. Coating
material or liquid for preservation or to facilitate stripping shall be to the approval of the
Engineer. It shall be applied carefully and sparingly and shall neither come in contact with
concrete surfaces or with items, including reinforcement, which are to become bonded to the
concrete, nor shall it stain any exposed surfaces.

3.6.2. Preparation of Formwork for Concreting

Immediately before concreting, the forms and all other surfaces which will be in contact with
the fresh concrete shall be cleaned of all loose material and debris including shavings, wood
chips, sawdust, pieces of wire, nails, fragments of hardened concrete and mortar. Adequate
clean out holes shall be provided for this purpose and subsequently securely closed so as to
restore the required formwork quality.

3.6.3. Removal of Formwork

The removal of formwork shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer. All forms shall be
removed without causing damages to the concrete. Before slab forms or scaffolding are
removed, the concrete shall be exposed by removal of the side forms, or otherwise as
required by the Engineer, to ensure that it has hardened, and slab forms shall in no case be
removed until the concrete has reached a strength of at least twice the stress to which the
concrete may be subjected at the time of removal.

Table- II.17 Minimum Stripping Period of Formwork

Time Period
Description
from completion of concreting (days)
Side forms of beams and slabs 3 days and, or > 75 kg/cm2 compressive test (3 days)
Forms to underside of slabs 21 days or >200 kg/cm2 compressive test (21 days)
Forms to underside of beams 28 days or >250 kg/cm2 compressive test

3.6.4. Tolerances
The surface finish shall unless specified elsewhere be according to the tolerances as
described hereunder. Concrete which exceeds these tolerance limits shall be corrected or
removed and replaced by the Contractor.

Section VI-WR-3-72
 Table- II.18 Tolerance for Concrete Surfaces (in mm)
Class of finish Tolerance Irregularities
from base
Unformed Surface Formed Surface Abrupt Gradual*
line survey
Screeded (U1) Sawn (F1) 20 10 20
Floated (U2) Standard (F2) 10 5 10
Steel troweled (U3) Smooth (F3) 5 2 5
* Measured on straight or curved of 2.0 m.

3.7. REINFORCEMENT BARS

3.7.1. General

Reinforcement bars shall be either round or deformed bars complying with SII 0136-84 or
ASTM A615. The standard requirement for deformed and plain bars for concrete
reinforcement shall be Grade 60 having the following properties.

Table- II.19 Properties of Reinforcement Bars

Round Deformed Round Deformed Plain Round
Property
Bar > D16 Bar D10 and D 13 Bar
Tensile strength (N/mm2) 400 300 300

Yield point (N/mm2) 300 or more 300 or more 300 or more

Elongation (%) 16 or more 18 or more 18 or more

On each site consignment, the Contractor shall submit the manufacturers mill sheet. The
Engineer may instruct the Contractor for further tests if the Engineer considers they are
necessary.

When the reinforcement bars are delivered to the Site the Contractor shall carry out random
sampling of the bars and examine the diameter of the bars. The bars shall be free of scales,
oil, dirt, structural defects and shall not vary in the diameter by more than 2% (two percent)
from the specified diameter. Steel reinforcement bar delivered to the Site may by used for the
permanent works only when the Engineer approved them.

3.7.2. Fixing of Reinforcement Bars

Reinforcement bars shall be cut and bent to shapes, and the sizes conforming to the bending
schedule prepared by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer. The bars shall be
accurate in forms and positions, fixed rigidly as indicated on the Drawings. In order to
ensure that the whole reinforcement bars remain at their designed layout, the reinforcement
bars shall be firmly bounded together by binding wires at alternate intersections of bars to
form frameworks. The frameworks shall be supported by mortar cubes, spacers or saddles of
the types approved by the Engineer as to maintain in the correct positions in the forms during
the process of placing and compacting of the concrete.

Section VI-WR-3-73
 All the end of the binding wires shall be bent inward to the concrete body and not allowed
pointing towards the concrete surface. Spacer blocks shall be made of pre-cast mortar and
placed in between forms and reinforcement bar frames to maintain the specified concrete
cover. They shall be as small as possible and securely fixed in the proper positions. The
strength shall be at least equal to the strength of the concrete being placed. Spacer blocks
shall be soaked with water immediately prior to concrete placing. The binding wires shall be
anneal alloy wire or other type approved by the Engineer.

Before concrete placing, all reinforcement bars shall be thoroughly cleaned and free of all
loose rust, scale, mud, oil or any other coatings that would destroy or reduce the bond.
Mortar splashed from concrete deposited in the preceding lift shall be cleaned off unless it is
not set yet.

All reinforcement bars shall be inspected and approved by the Engineer before any concrete
placing. The Contractor shall give the Engineer minimum 24 (twenty four) hour notice
advising that concrete pours are ready for his inspection.

3.7.3. Splicing of Reinforcement Bars

All reinforcement bars shall be prepared in full lengths as indicated on the Drawings as long
as the lengths required are not longer than ordinary lengths available in construction markets.
Splicing of bars in any case shall be done with prior approval of the Engineer. Splices shall
be staggered as much as possible and comply with the Drawings. The overlap length of
splices shall be in conformity with the Drawings. In case the Drawing does not show details,
the lengths shall be not less than 30 times of bar diameters. Bar splices shall be positioned
and wired in such a way maintaining the minimum specified concrete cover to the
reinforcement bar. Welding splices of reinforcement bars shall be done only with written
approval of the Engineer.

3.7.4. Concrete Cover for Reinforcement Bars

All reinforcement bars shall have the minimum concrete cover as indicated on the Drawings
or as instructed by the Engineer. In the absence of such indications, the cover is minimum 4
cm.

3.7.5. Unit weight of Reinforcement Bar

Table- II.20 Unit Weight of Reinforcement Bar

Round Deformed Bars

Nominal diameter (mm) D10 D13 D16 D19 D22 D25 D29 D32

Unit weight (kg/m) 0.56 0.995 1.56 2.25 3.04 3.98 5.04 6.23

Plain Round Bars

Nominal diameter (mm) 8 10 12 13 16 19 22 25 28 32

Unit weight (kg/m) 0.393 0.620 0.887 1.040 1.580 2.230 2.983 3.854 4.836 6.311

Section VI-WR-3-74
3.8. STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMES

3.8.1. Scope of the Work

The work includes processing and fabrication of frames by supplier, transport to the Site,
in-situ fabrications, erection and installation of steel frames for wall panels and maintenance
works until Defect Liability Period expires, all in accordance with the Drawings and the
Specifications.

This Section includes

- Fabrication, test and inspection of structural steel sections.

- Shop preparation and prime painting of structural steel sections.

- Provision of incidental steel pieces required for erection and assembling.

Field painting, touch-up painting, secondary prime coat painting for all steel sections, and
preparation for finish painting as specified in the Specifications.

3.8.1.1. Requirement for Lightweight Steel Frame

Lightweight steel frame shall be designed by a competent expert. Design shall meet the
technical principles of the character of lightweight steel material that is standardized by
Limit State Cold Formed Steel Structure Design.

Since there is no established regulations for lightweight steel construction in Indonesia, the
standards below shall be referred to:

BS5950-5-1998 : Code of Practice for Design of Cold Formed Thin Gauge

Sections (U.K.)

BS6399-2-1997 : Code of Practice for Wind Loads (U.K.)

AS/NZS1170-2-1989 : SAA Loading Cod-Dead and Live Loads (Australia)

AS/NZS 4600-1996 : Limit State Design Code (Australia)

Software shall be used to help the process of designing the lightweight steel for roof frame if
the software particularly is developed for calculating the structure of lightweight steel and
accommodating the regulations mentioned above, such as those recommended by Himpunan
Ahli Konstruksi Indonesia (HAKI).

3.8.2. Material

The structural steel frames shall be made of lightweight zinc-aluminium coated steel
sections.

Materials of the structural steel frames used in the work shall meet the specifications below.
The unit of length used in the Technical Specifications is millimetre (mm) and the unit of
width of the steel material refers to the base material thickness (BMT). The dimension of the
material shall be printed on the lightweight steel material.

Section VI-WR-3-75
3.8.2.1. Material for frame:
Property for steel mechanical (Steel mechanical properties)

Metal decks shall conform to JIS.G 3352 or SNI 07-0132-1987 or equivalent Standards.

Nodes shall conform to JIS G.3201 SF 55 and/or JIS G.5102 or equivalent Standards.

Light gauge steels shall conform to JIS G.3350 SSC 400.

Mild steel welding electrodes shall conform to AWS.SFA.S-1 ASTM.A 233 or SNI
07-0049-1989, or equivalent Standards

3.8.2.2. Protective Coating against rust

Frame shall have anti-rust coating of Zinc-Aluminium (AZ), in accordance with the
following composition:

55 % Aluminium

43,5 % Zinc

1,5 % Silicon

Weight of Coating: 100 gr/m2 (AZ 100)

1) Profile geometry of frame:

Frames

Profile to be used for roof is the type of lip-channel as the following specification or as
approved by the Engineer. Type of lip-channel profile is C75.100 (height 75 mm and width
1.00 mm), having weight 1.29 kg/m for main frame (top chord and bottom chord)

Jointing (Screw)

Jointing for the elements of the frame to be used for the fabrication and installation is
self-drilling screw as the following specification or as approved by the Engineer.

Class of Minimum Corossion Rating: Class 2

Dimension of bolt for the frame structure of type 12-14x20 is:

Thread Diameter : 12 Gauge (5.5 mm)

Number of threads per inch (TPI) : 14 TPI
Length : 20 mm
Dimension of the top : 5/16 (8 mm hex. socket)
Material : AISI 1022 Heat treated Carbon

Steel

Shear in average : 8.8 kN

Minimum Tensile : 15.3 kN

Section VI-WR-3-76
 Minimum Torque : 13.2 kNm

Prior to installing the bolts, the Contractor shall check the requirement given in the details of
jointing as indicated in the Drawings. For installation of the bolts the Contractor shall use the
electrical drilling tool with minimum power of 560 watt with motor rotation of minimum
2000 rpm.

3.8.2.3. Substantiation Document or Literature

Material List
Complete for all items required, including proprietary products, manufacturer's catalogues
and technical data, specifications and installation instructions.

Shop Drawings
Shop Drawings shall be complete for all the works under the Contract. The drawings shall be
accompanied by structural calculations for the part deviated from the Drawings or the
Specifications.

Fabrication Drawings shall be submitted to the Engineer not less than one month before
scheduled works proceed.

Certification of Materials
Certification of materials for structural materials required from component manufacturers or
authorized testing institute shall consist of certified mill test reports for all the shipments and
shall indicate compliance with the requirements as listed following:

Reports of label analysis for all steels.

Reports of tensile and bending tests for steel sections, bars and plates

3.8.3. Fabrication

3.8.3.1. General Fabrication

(1) Marking-Off

When bending of steel is required, burner, punch or other tools shall not be used for marking
off curved exterior surfaces.

1) Remedy of Distortion
Distortion of raw material or distortion developed by fabrication shall be remedied without
damaging the material.

2) Curving Fabrication
The curving fabrication shall be of normal temperature or hot drawn process, with reddening
conditions for hot drawn process and shall not be quenched.

(2) Fabrication Requirements

Section VI-WR-3-77
1) Workmanship
Workmanship shall be equal to the best of standard modern shops and trade practices as
applicable to types of the works required. Fabrication shall be performed by well skilled
mechanics.

Joints shall be accurately tilted and aligned and grounded free from burrs or projections.
Joints in frames exposed to weather shall be made watertight by continuous welding.

Compression joints depending upon contact bearing shall have the bearing surfaces prepared
to true plane by milling or other suitable means.

2) Straightening Material
Rolled material, before being laid out or worked, shall be within tolerances permitted in
accordance with applicable standards as enumerated under PUBI-82 table 5 & 6.

When straightening is necessary, it shall be undertaken by mechanical means or by

application of a limited amount of local heating with temperature of heated areas, measured
by approved methods, not exceeding 690 degrees C.

3) Cutting
Gas torch cutting is prohibited for all the structural steel sections. Cutting shall be done only
by machines.

Cut surfaces of each material shall be finished perpendicular to the axial line.

Harmful notch, burr, irregularity, etc., shall be removed completely by mechanical means
from the cut surface.

4) Contact faces
Contact surfaces of bearing plates and columns and any other surfaces in similar conditions
shall be ground or milled to true planes. This is required for full transmittal of force between
the members.

Edges for welding shall be properly prepared as above.

5) Bolt holes
Bolt holes shall conform to the applicable standards of SNI OS-1785-1990, and JASS 6.5.1.,
6.5.2., including references to JASS 6.4.1., b, c, and d.

Use of gas toach cutter is not permitted and mechanical means such as drilling machine shall
be used.

6) Connection
Connections of the structural steel members shall be done in accordance with methods as
shown in the Drawings, such as bolts and nuts or welding.

Splicing shall be made only where they are shown in the Drawings.

Section VI-WR-3-78
7) Weldings
Preparation and handling of materials shall conform to AWS or equivalent Standards.

Welding equipment shall conform to requirement of JIS and AWS Standards referenced
herein and shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.

Welding shall be done only by welders qualified by test defined in AWS.D.A.0

Qualification Procedures or comparable examinations as approved by the Engineer.

8) Setting (Levelling) Plates

Setting plates shall be required for all the base plates or any of the force bearing plates
supported by concrete ground beams or pedestrials, whether they are shown on the Drawings
or not.

Setting plates shall be fabricated matching the plate sizes and anchor bolt positions of
respective base or bearing plates.

9) Assembling
Appropriate jigs shall be used for assembling to ensure proper positioning of the materials.

Approval of the Engineer shall be required when drilling of temporary bolt holes or welding
of temporary support to the assembled structural steel is necessary for assembling.

In order to maintain accurately finished dimensions and shapes, appropriate reverse stressing
or restraint shall be provided to the members as approved by the Engineer.

In case of butt welding, root clearance shall be carefully done so that correct and accurate
welding can be performed.

10) Fabrication Tolerances

a. Straightness

Structural members consisting primarily of single rolled sections shall, unless otherwise
specified, be straight within appropriate tolerances allowed by the Standards of PUBI 1982,
table 82-5 or equivalent Standards.

Assembled structural members fabricated by welding shall be straight within tolerances

allowed for wide flange sections of the Standards of AISC or equivalent Standards.

Compression members shall not deviate from straightness by more than 1/1000 of axial
length between the points of connections.

Complete members shall be free from twist, bends and open joints.

Sharp kinks or bends shall be a cause for rejection of the material.

Deviation of 0.8 mm is permissible in overall length of members with both ends finished for
contact bearing.

Section VI-WR-3-79
 Members without ends finished for contact bearing, which are to be framed to other steel
parts of structure, shall have a variation from detailed length not greater than 3.0 mm for
members over 10 meters in length

b. Inspection of Weld Works

Before execution of welding: Scum, angle of bevel, root clearance, cleaning of welding
surface, quality of end tab, drying of welding rod.

During execution of welding: Welding procedure, diameter of core and wire, type of flux,
welding current and voltage, welding speed, welding rod position and angle, length of arc,
melting, cleaning of slug of each level, etc.

c. Corrections

Instead of discarding entire piece or member of the structural steel sections containing faulty
welding, the Contractor may propose corrective measures as alternatives to the Engineer for
his approval. Defective or unsound welds or base steel shall be corrected either by removing
and replacing the entire weld, or as follows:

Excessive convexity, overlap: Reduce by removal of excess weld material.

Excessive concavity or weld or crater, excessive undercut, undersize weld: Clean and fill
with additional weld material by additional welding.
Excessive porosity or slag inclusions, incomplete fusion, inadequate joint penetration:
Remove defective portions and re-weld.
Cracks in weld or base steel: Remove crack to sound steel throughout its length and 5 cm
beyond each end of the crack, followed by new welding. The extent of the crack, depth and
length, shall be ascertained by the use of acid etching, magnetic particle inspection or other
equally reliable and established means.
The removal of weld material or portion of the base steel shall be taken out by chipping,
grinding or any other mechanical methods. The use of gas torch cutting shall not be allowed
for this work.

3.8.4. Installation

3.8.4.1. Installation Program

Before executing steel fabrication and field installation the Contractor shall prepare
comprehensive installation programme including technical supervision organization,
fabrication procedure, field installation procedure, application material, application
machinery, inspection procedure and scope and standard of quality determination, and
submit them to the Engineer for his approval.

Section VI-WR-3-80
3.8.4.2. Installation Requirements

(1) Anchor Bolts

Positioning and fixing of anchor bolts at each location shall be done using setting plates for
each location.

a. I-hook ends shall be positioned in symmetrical arrangements.

b. I-threaded ends shall project above the supporting construction sufficiently to provide not
less than 10 mm clear projection above the top of anchoring nuts when base or bearing plates
are set and secured in place.

(2) Setting Levelling Plates

a. Set and water-level setting plates to elevations required by utilizing levelling nuts. Each plate
shall have levelling nuts and each shall be temporarily secured into place utilizing anchor
nuts turned thumb-tight only but firmly holding plate.
b. Solidly fill underside of each setting plates using non-shrink dry packing as specified under
this Specifications. Packing shall be well cured and with sufficient strength attained before
bearing loads are applied to setting plates
c. Retain temporarily placed anchor nuts for as long as practical to assure setting plates remain
at required positions or elevations.
d. Shimming in lieu of levelling nuts and/or grouting as required herein shall not be permitted.

(3) Temporary Bracings

Provide and install temporary bracings and guys to position structural steel sections while
assembling them. Temporary scaffolding shall be provided to the sections which may subject
to extra loads during assembling. Maintain such arrangement until the section members are
assembled completely.

The Contractor shall arrange for above mentioned bracings and guys considering the effect
of wind as well.

(4) Alignment

Permanent welding or final fastening of permanent bolts and nuts shall not be done until
majority of the structures are assembled and temporarily fastened to proper stiffness as the
structure.

(5) Field Welding

Any paint in the vicinity of field weld jointing shall be removed by means of wire brushing
immediately before the welding.

(6) Standards for Bolting

a. Washers shall be provided as required.

b. Initially, tighten bolts and nuts sufficient to maintain integrity and rigidity of the work.

Section VI-WR-3-81
 c. Finally, after final aligning and truing, re-tighten all bolts and nuts for full strength.
d. Before the structural steel sections are permanently concealed, re-check and re-tighten bolts
as necessary.

(7) Correction of Errors

a. Corrections of minor misfits by a limited use of drift pins, and a moderate amount of
reaming, chipping or cutting shall be permitted as approved by the Engineer.
b. Any errors which prevent proper assembly of the parts by these measures, or which require
correction or adjustment, shall be immediately reported to the Engineer and such corrections
or adjustments shall be made as necessary but only be means approved by the Engineer.

Cutting or alterations other than as approved shall not be permitted.

3.8.5. Dry Pack Mortar

Dry pack mortar shall comprise one part of cement and two parts of fine aggregates (as
approved for structural concrete) with only sufficient water to permit full hydration of
cement such that it becomes cohesive but not plastic when it is squeezed by the hand.

In filling the voids under the base plates or in other areas where the structural integrity
depends on the transfer of loads, dry pack mortar may be permitted.

Dry pack mortar shall be mixed in such quantities that it can be placed and compacted within
30 minutes of mixing.

Dry pack mortar shall be placed in layers in the voids to be filled and each layer shall be
thoroughly compacted by ramming with a wooden tool specifically made for the purpose. If
the void is sufficiently large, mechanical rammers may be used, but under no circumstances
shall the mechanical rammers come into contact with the edges of the voids to be filled.

Section VI-WR-3-82
3.9. CAST IN PLACE CONCRETE PILE

3.9.1. Description of the works

(1) The Contractor shall furnish all labor, materials, services, equipment (including temporary
casings and/or dewatering where required), and shall install all piers at the locations and
depths shown on the drawings or as otherwise directed by the Engineer. Installation methods
compatible with the design may be used if acceptable to the Engineer. Methods that are not
compatible with the design shall be excluded from consideration.

(2) The Contractor shall furnish and place all reinforcing steel, dowels, and anchor bolts that are
shown on the drawings to be embedded in the pier if any.

(3) The Contractor shall furnish all materials and labor as required to perform the load tests as
specified herein and on the drawings.

(4) The Contractor shall provide all necessary excavation, sheeting and bracing or other adequate
maintenance of excavation banks, suitable runways and ramps as necessary for access of pier
drilling, control of ground and surface water as necessary to keep the work area sufficiently
dry, suitable access roads for movement of equipment and materials to and from pier
locations, field layout required for pier work including setting and maintaining a location
stake for each pier and giving cut-off grades on all piers, removal and replacement of all
overhead and underground obstructions as required, and coordination of all concrete ordering
and delivery

3.9.2. Material

Cast in place concrete pile shall be constructed in accordance with the detail shown in the
drawings.

3.9.3. Quality assurance

(1) Qualifications: Drilled piers shall be installed by skilled drilling workers with suitable
equipment, competent personnel, and a reputation of satisfactorily performing the work. The
skilled worker shall have a minimum of 5 years successful experience and a minimum of 5
successful installations on projects of a similar size and scope to this project and of using
similar installation methods as may be anticipated for this project. Evidence of compliance
with this section shall be submitted to the Engineer prior to entering into a contract for the
work.

(2) Codes and Standards: The Contractor shall comply with the provisions of the following
codes, specifications, and standards, except where more stringent requirements are shown or
specified:

1) SNI 03-6880-2002 Spesifikasi Beton Struktural / Specifications for Structural Concrete.

2) SNI 03-2847-2003 Tata Cara Penghitungan Struktur Beton Untuk Bangunan Gedung /
Calculation Procedures of Concrete Structure for Building.

Section VI-WR-3-83
 3) ACI 301 - "Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings".
4) ACI 318-08 - "Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete".
5) ACI 336.1 Standard Specification for the Construction of End Bearing Drilled Piers.
6) ANSI/AWS D1.1 "Structural Welding Code - Steel".
7) ANSI/AWS D1.4 "Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel".
In addition, all applicable building code and local regulations shall be followed. In case of
conflict, the strictest interpretation shall govern.

The cost for any additional test and/or other exploratory operation for quality control
requested by the Engineer shall be bear by the contractor.

3.9.4. Submittal

3.9.4.1. Concrete Mix Design: Submit concrete mix designs suitable for method of concrete
placement for Engineer and/or Employer's Testing Laboratory approval prior to pier
installation.

3.9.4.2. Drilling Records: The Contractor shall submit drilling record for each pier to the Engineer
immediately after drilling. The reports shall indicate the name of the job, name of Contractor,
and name of drilling superintendent. For each pier installed, the report shall indicate the
following information but not limited to:

(1) Pier number and location

(2) Pier shaft diameter

(3) Bottom elevation

(4) Top elevation

(5) Pier length

(6) Theoretical volume of concrete in pier

(7) Actual volume of concrete placed

(8) Reinforcing steel size and depth actually placed

(9) Drilling start and finish time

(10) Concreting start and finish time

(11) Concrete pouring method

(12) Groundwater conditions

(13) Elevation of top and bottom of any casing left in place

(14) Description of temporary or permanent casing if any (including purpose, diameter, wall
thickness and length)

Section VI-WR-3-84
 (15) Description and elevation of any obstructions encountered and whether removal was
obtained

(16) Any difficulties encountered in drilling or concreting operations

3.9.4.3. Shop Drawings

(1) Reinforcing Steel: Submit shop drawings for all drilled pier and pier cap reinforcing steel.

(2) Installation Method: Submit detailed procedures of the installation method, including (where
applicable) type and number of drilling equipment, casing size and length, casing removal
method, dewatering method, concrete placement, and reinforcing steel securing and
placement.

(3) Steel Casings: Submit shop drawings for size, wall thickness, length, and grade of permanent
steel casings required. Show all splices and methods of splicing.

(4) Load Test Frame: Submit shop drawings of the load test frame sealed by a registered
professional engineer in the state where the project is located.

3.9.4.4. Product Data: Submit manufacturer's product data with application and installation
instructions for proprietary materials and items.

3.9.4.5. Load Test Reports: The Contractor shall submit test reports for each load test immediately
after completion of tests. The report shall include pier load test capacity, compressive test
reports of the pier concrete, tabular and graphical presentation of gross and net settlement of
the pier top, pier data as prescribed in the previous section, and specific recommendations
for production pier installation.

3.9.4.6. Qualification Data

Submit qualification data for persons include welder specified in the article entitled
Qualifications to demonstrate their capabilities and experience. Include lists of completed
projects with project names and addresses, names and addresses of architects and owners,
and other information specified.

3.9.5. Concrete

Concrete shall be as specified in the "Cast-in-Place Concrete" section of the specifications,

in the general notes, and on the drawings, with the additional requirements specified below:

(1) Maximum Aggregate Size: Provide maximum aggregate size of three quarters of minimum
clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars or bundles of bars, with 40 mm maximum.

(2) Water Reducing Admixtures: Where required by mix design, use water-reducing admixtures
in strict compliance with manufacturers directions. Admixtures to increase cement
dispersion, or provide increased workability for low-slump concrete may be used at
contractor's option. Use admixtures in the amounts as recommended by manufacturer for

Section VI-WR-3-85
 climatic conditions prevailing at time of placing concrete. Adjust quantities of admixtures as
required to maintain quality control.

(3) Slump Limits: Proportion concrete to have a slump that is suitable for the placement process
used. The mix must remain fluid throughout the concrete placement time and during
extraction of any temporary casing.

3.9.6. Reinforcing steel

3.9.6.1. See "Concrete Reinforcing Steel" section of the specifications.

3.9.6.2. Reinforcing Support and Positioning Devices: Devices made of non-corrosive material that
support and align reinforcing steel within the shaft and that provide the appropriate side and
bottom cover to the reinforcing steel.

3.9.6.3. Reinforcement shall be positioned as shown on the Drawings. The connecting portions of
main bars with hoops shall generally be welded by arc fillet welding.

3.9.6.4. During the placing of the reinforcement in the hole, the verticality and position of the
reinforcement bars shall be carefully controlled to prevent collapse of the drilled hole or
damage to the walls.

3.9.7. Steel casing

Steel casing shall conform to Bj.37 or JIS SS400 or ASTM A 283, Grade C or ASTM A 36.

3.9.8. Excavation

3.9.8.1. Requirements:

(1) Excavate holes for drilled piers to dimensions and required bearing strata or elevations as
shown on the drawings unless directed by the Engineer.

(2) Maintain sidewall stability during drilling. If sidewall instability is encountered, the
Contractor shall use alternate drilling methods such as temporary casing or slurry
displacement method.

(3) Excavate holes for closely spaced piers and those occurring in fragile or sand strata only after
adjacent holes are filled with concrete and allowed to set a minimum of 6 hours or longer as
required for concrete to harden unless temporary casing to maintain sidewall stability is used.

(4) Drilled pier design dimensions and depths shown on the drawings shall be considered
minimums and are based on bearing and/or friction in assumed strata. If bearing stratum is
not capable of maintaining the assumed capacity, the foundation system shall be revised as
directed by the Engineer. Refer to drawings for design bearing pressures, skin friction values,
or pier load capacity.

(5) Remove loose material and free water from the bottom of the shaft.

Section VI-WR-3-86
 (6) Explore the bearing stratum of each pier with a probe hole to a minimum depth equal to the
diameter of the bearing area below the bottom of the pier, unless waived by the Engineer.

3.9.8.2. Equipment:

(1) Provide adequate equipment so work is expedited to the fullest extent possible. Use
equipment fully capable of excavating shafts to depths, diameters, and sizes indicated, and
within the specified tolerances. Maintain equipment in satisfactory operating condition and
provide sufficient quantity of equipment to maintain the projected schedule of the Work.

(2) Using bits or augers with suitable equipment, a shaft of a diameter specified on the drawings
shall be excavated from the ground surface to a depth as specified on the drawings or as
ordered by the Engineer.

3.9.8.3. Obstructions

If rocks, boulders, or other unforeseen obstructions are encountered which cannot be

removed by standard drilled pier excavation methods, the Engineer shall give instruction.

3.9.8.4. Over excavation

No payment will be made for extra length or greater diameter of drilled piers when they are
installed to a greater depth or are larger than required unless authorized by the Engineer.

3.9.8.5. Excavated Material:

(1) Debris soil from the drilled hole is deposit and spread excavated material on site observing
proper placement and compaction requirements during drilling work.

(2) These drilling spoil must be transported away immediately to prevent obstructing the drilling
progress.

(3) Remove excavated material and dispose of it off site.

3.9.9. Dewatering

3.9.9.1. Provide and maintain pumping equipment to keep excavations free of water before placing
concrete. An excavation is considered dry if the water rises at a rate of less than 25 mm per
minute and the height of water at the bottom of the pier does not exceed 50 mm at the time
of concrete placement.

3.9.9.2. Dewater in a manner that will not create subsidence or ground loss that might adversely
affect the Work or existing adjacent structures. Should the dewatering system employed
involve pumping inside the pier, extreme caution shall be used to prevent an unbalanced
water head from causing a "blowout", bottom heave, or "quick" condition that could disturb
the proposed bearing stratum or surrounding soil strata.

3.9.9.3. The dewatering method shall be submitted for review and approval of the Owner's
Geotechnical Engineer.

Section VI-WR-3-87
3.9.9.4. Conduct water to general site run-off ditches and disposal areas with discharge lines. Provide
ditching as required to conduct water to site drainage facilities.

3.9.9.5. If excessive water and/or sidewall instability is encountered and drilling operations must be
halted, consult with Geotechnical Engineer and Owners Representative before using
alternate methods of construction.

3.9.10. Temporary steel casing

3.9.10.1. Requirements

(1) Provide temporary casing at locations as directed by the

(2) Engineer where the soil will not stand without support or where sloughing of the sides of
shafts may seriously delay or endanger the satisfactory completion of excavation and
placement of concrete. Also provide temporary casing at locations as directed by the
Geotechnical Engineer to seal off the inflow of water into the excavation.

(3) The Contractor shall have immediately available for use on the job an ample supply of
casing for each size that will be required for use in the shafts and shall provide additional
amounts, as required, to ensure the orderly progress of the job.

(4) Such casing may be in short pieces but with jointing devices of sufficient strength that
assembled sections of casing may be pulled complete as concrete is placed, or immediately
thereafter. Provide casing of sufficient strength to withstand handling stresses, concrete
pressure, and surrounding earth and/or fluid pressures. Make diameter of excavation in
relation to diameter of casing such as to create a minimum of void space outside of casing.
Provide casing with a minimum outside diameter equal to normal outside diameter of
drilled foundations.

3.9.10.2. Casing Withdrawal

Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer, all temporary casing shall be removed from
shafts as concrete is placed or immediately thereafter, and in such a manner as to prevent
sloughing material from dropping to the bottoms of shafts or falling on top of freshly
placed concrete. Casings shall be pulled in a single continuous smooth operation without
sudden jerks or impact. Maintain head of concrete above the bottom of the casing that
exceeds the soil and water pressure at all times during casing withdrawal. Do not vibrate
concrete internally before the casing is withdrawn. A vibratory casing extractor may be
used. Do not withdraw casing after the concrete has attained initial set.

3.9.11. Reinforcing steel placement

3.9.11.1. Before placing, clean reinforcing steel and dowels of loose rust, scale, dirt, grease and other
material that could reduce or destroy bond.

3.9.11.2. Fabricate and erect reinforcing cages in shafts as one continuous unit using inner ring
reinforcing guide. Place reinforcement accurately and symmetrically about axis of hole and

Section VI-WR-3-88
 hold securely in position during concrete placement. The Contractor shall verify depths of
drilled piers prior to cutting and tying reinforcing steel cages. The Contractor shall be
responsible for adding additional reinforcing steel ties or spirals as required to ensure
stability of cage and maintenance of shape and configuration as required for proper lifting,
handling, and placement.

3.9.11.3. Provide concrete cover to reinforcing steel bars as shown in the drawings. Provide spacer
devices to maintain side and bottom cover.

3.9.12. Concrete placement

3.9.12.1. Concrete shall be placed in one continuous operation from tip to cut-off elevation by tremie
tubes and shall be carried out in such a manner as to avoid segregation. The tip of the
tremie shall generally be 2 m lower than the fresh concrete surface.

3.9.12.2. The Contractor at his own expense shall initially cast an additional length of pile above the
finished level of the top of the pile and subsequently remove any defective concrete to
ensure satisfactory bonding of the pile head to the footing structure.

3.9.12.3. Stop concrete placement at cut-off elevation shown, screed level, and apply a scoured,
rough finish. Where cut-off elevation is above ground elevation, form top section above
grade and extend shaft to required elevation.

3.9.12.4. Provide mechanical vibration for consolidation of at least top 1.5 m of each shaft but only
after any temporary casing is pulled or when casing is permanent.

3.9.12.5. Interrupted placing operations of over one hour duration will require a cold joint
installation as follows. Leave resulting shaft surface approximately level. At resumption of
concrete placing, clean off surface laitance, roughen as required, and slush with a 1-to-1
cement grout or commercial bonding agent before remainder of concrete is placed.
Intentional cold joints will not be permitted.

3.9.12.6. Concrete shall not be placed in adjacent drilled piers located within three center-to-center
shaft diameters of each other until concrete has cured a minimum of 6 hours.

3.9.12.7. Aluminum pipe or equipment shall not be used for placing concrete.

3.9.13. Construction tolerance

3.9.13.1. Plan Location

The tolerance on plan location for the top of the drilled pier shall not be more than 1/24 of
the pier diameter or 75 mm in any direction, whichever is less.

3.9.13.2. Top Area

The Contractor shall remove excess concrete at the top of the pier beyond the limits of the
pier diameter. The pier top diameter shall be the same diameter as the shaft below. Piers
extending above the ground surface shall be formed.

Section VI-WR-3-89
3.9.13.3. Concrete Cut-Off Elevation

Concrete cut-off elevation at the pier top shall be plus 25 mm to minus 75 mm.

3.9.13.4. Battered Piers

Battered piers shall be installed within 5% of the length from the specified inclination.

3.9.13.5. Anchorage (if any) Embedment Tolerance

Vertical and horizontal deviation from design location for individual anchorage
components embedded in the pier shall not exceed 13 mm.

3.9.13.6. If any of the above tolerances are exceeded, the Engineer shall immediately be notified to
evaluate the eccentricity in the pier and recommend corrective measures. The cost of
re-engineering and corrective construction shall be borne by the Contractor.

3.9.14. Inspection and tests for drilled pier excavation

3.9.14.1. Verification of Design

Bottom elevations, bearing and/or skin friction capacities and lengths of drilled piers as
shown on the drawings are estimated from available subsurface data. Actual elevations,
pier lengths, and bearing and/or skin friction capacities will be determined by the Engineer
from conditions found in the excavations. For piers bearing on rock, a rock core shall be
taken for a depth equal to one pier diameter below the bottom of the pier for observation
and possible testing by the Engineer to confirm rock quality below the bearing elevation.

3.9.14.2. Notification of Engineer

If field conditions differ from the data and design recommendations outlined in the
Geotechnical Report, the Contractor shall notify to the Engineer immediately.

3.9.14.3. Observation Requirements

Each drilled pier shall be inspected by the Engineer and approved prior to placement of
concrete.

3.9.14.4. Notification of Observer

The Contractor shall notify the authorized observer at least twelve hours prior to the time
the excavation will be ready for inspection. Drilled shaft installation shall not proceed
without the authorized observer on site.

3.9.14.5. Personnel Safety

The Contractor shall provide gas testing equipment, protective cage, or temporary casing or
shoring of proper diameter, length, and thickness, and all other safety equipment required
by law for inspection and testing of drilled piers and to protect workmen and inspectors
during hand belling or other operations necessitating entry into shaft.

Section VI-WR-3-90
3.9.15. Pier load test

3.9.15.1. The Contractor shall conduct the load testing of cast-in-place concrete pile. Detail of the
loading test are given by the Engineer and in accordance with the requirement of maximum
loading which is 150% to 200% of service road as shown in the drawings.

3.9.15.2. Scope of work: The loading test method shall include:

(1) The single pile under vertical loading procedure, to measure the relationship between
vertical loading and settlement of the pile head.

(2) The loading procedure and the equipment for the test shall conform to ASTM D-1143-81
cyclic loading procedures.

(3) Lateral loading test shall conform to ASTM D 3966 -81.

3.9.15.3. Equipment: The equipment for this test consists of:

(1) Test Pile

(2) Hydraulic jack

(3) Steel transfer-beam and concrete block

(4) Dial gauge with 50 mm minimum travel which has beam calibrated.

(5) Water level.

3.9.15.4. The Loading Equipment

The vertical load shall be transferred to the pile by operating a hydraulic jack, which is
supported by steel beams loaded with concrete block shall be heavier than the test load.

3.9.15.5. Dial Gauge

The dial gauges shall have 50 mm travel and shall have reading accuracy to 0.01 mm. The
contractor shall be responsible for providing and setting up the dial gauges around the pile
head on a rigidly supported steel beam.

3.9.15.6. Vertical Loading Test Procedure

(1) The part of pile above the proposed excavation levels, shall be free from skin friction
resistance of the soil.

(2) The applied test load shall be twice of the design working load on the 800 mm diameter
drilled pier, as shown in the Drawings.

(3) The acceptance criteria shall be :

(4) Maximum rate of settlement 1.27 mm / ton

(5) Maximum permanent settlement (rebound) 6.35 mm.

Section VI-WR-3-91
 (6) Load increment shall be applied gradually, in 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% of design
working load, based on schedule of ASTM D 1143-81 section 5.2 (cyclic loading) as
follows:

Table of vertical loading test

Load increment
Total load (%) Duration of loading
(%)
0 0
25 25 1 Hour if settlement 0,25 mm/hour or maximum 2 hours
25 50 cycle 1 1 hour
25 25 20 minute
25 0 1 hour
50 50 20 minute
25 75 1 hour if settlement 0,25 mm/hour or maximum 2 hours
25 100 cycle 2 1 hours
-25 75 20 minute
-25 50 20 minute
-25 0 1 hour
50 50 20 minute
50 100 20 minute
25 125 1 hour if settlement 0,25 mm/hour or maximum 2 hours
25 150 cycle 3 1 hour
-25 150 20 minute
-25 175 20 minute
-25 50 20 minute
-25 0 1 hour
50 50 20 minute
50 100 20 minute
50 150 20 minute
25 175 1 hour if settlement 0,25 mm/hour or maximum 2 hours
25 200 cycle 4 12 hour if settlement 0,25 mm/hour or maximum 24 hours
25 175 1 hour
-25 150 1 hour
-25 125 1 hour
25 100 1 hour
-25 75 1 hour
-25 50 1 hour
-25 25 1 hour
-25 0 Until settlement 0,25 mm/hour or maximum 12 hours.
* Percentage (%) to design working load.

3.9.15.7. Lateral Loading Test Procedure

(1) The applied test load shall be twice of the design working load on the 800 mm diameter
drilled pier, as shown in the Drawings.

(2) The acceptance criteria shall be: Maximum deflection as shown in the Drawings.

(3) Load increment shall be applied gradually, in 50%, 100%, 150% and 200% of design
working load, based on schedule of ASTM D 3966-81 (cyclic loading) as follows

Section VI-WR-3-92
 Duration of loading
load increment (%) Total load (%)
(minute)
0 0 -
25 25 10
25 50 cycle 1 10
25 25 10
25 0 10
50 50 10
25 75 15
25 100 cycle 2 20
-50 50 10
-50 0 10
50 50 10
50 100 10
25 125 20
25 150 cycle 3 20
-75 75 10
-75 0 10
50 30 10
50 100 10
50 150 20
20 170 20
10 180 20
10 190 20
10 200 cycle 4 60
-50 150 10
-50 100 10
-50 50 10
-50 0 -
(Percentage (%) to design working load)
(4) In every loading stage, displacement shall be recorded at the start and end of each load stage,
and at every 5 minute intervals.

3.9.15.8. Report of loading test shall contain:

(1) Description of soil condition on the location of loading test.

(2) Drilling equipment data.

(3) Pile data and drilling record.

(4) Settlement reading at certain time-interval for every loading increment/decrement.

(5) The time-load-settlement curve.

(6) The record of every unusual event during loading test.

3.9.15.9. Miscellaneous

(1) The jack shall be placed free from the sun, to prevent the jack oil from expanding which may
cause inconsistency of load.

(2) If considerable deflection of steel beam occurs, the settlement reading of pile head shall be
corrected.

(3) The jack and manometer shall still be calibrated immediately prior to testing.

Section VI-WR-3-93
3.10. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE WORKS

3.10.1. General

(1) This work shall consist of prestressed concrete structures and the prestressed concrete
portions of composite structures, constructed in close conformity with the lines, grades,
design, and dimensions shown on the Drawings, or established by the Engineer and in
accordance with this and other specification items involved.

(2) The work shall include the furnishing and installing of any appurtenant items necessary for
the particular pre stressing system to be used, including but not limited to ducts, anchorage
assemblies and grout used for pressure grouting ducts.

(3) It shall include the manufacture, transportation, and storage of beams, slabs, and other
structural members of precast concrete prestressed by either pretensioning or post-tensioning
methods. It shall also include the installation of all precast prestressed members.

(4) For cast-in-place prestressed concrete, the term "member" as used in this section shall be
considered to mean the concrete which is to be prestressed.

3.10.2. Definitions

Post-tensioning is defined as any method of prestressing concrete in which the tensioned

reinforcement is tensioned after the concrete is placed. Pretensioning is defined as any
method of prestressing concrete in which the tensioned reinforcement is tensioned before the
concrete is placed. Prestressing reinforcement is defined as any reinforcement to which
prestress is applied by post-tensioning or pretensioning.

3.10.3. Materials

3.10.3.1. General

All materials to be furnished and used which are not covered in this Clause shall conform to
the requirements stipulated in other applicable Clauses.

3.10.3.2. Reinforcement - General

(1) Non prestressing reinforcement shall conform either to Clause S10.02 or, where prestressing
quality is called for on the Drawings it shall conform to the requirements for prestressing
steel.

(2) Prestressing steel shall be high tensile strength steel wire, high tensile strength steel strand or
high tensile strength steel bar.

3.10.3.3. Prestressing Steel

(1) High tensile strength steel wire shall be stress relieved and shall conform to the requirements
of JIS G 3536 or AASHTO M 204M "Uncoated Stress Relieved Wire for Prestressed
Concrete".

Section VI-WR-3-94
 (2) High tensile steel strand shall be weld free and stress relieved after stranding and shall
conform to the requirements of JIS G 3536 or AASHTO M 203M "Uncoated Seven Wire
Stress Relieved Strand for Prestressed Concrete".

(3) High tensile steel bar shall be stress relieved and shall conform to the requirements of JIS G
3109 or ASTM M 275M.

(4) Testing - The testing of prestressing reinforcement shall be in accordance with the
requirements of the AASHTO Specifications for the type of system intended to be used.

3.10.3.4. Anchorages

(1) All post-tensioned prestressing steel shall be secured at the ends by means of approved
permanent type anchoring devices.

(2) All anchorage devices for post-tensioning shall be capable of holding the prestressing steel at
a load producing a stress of not less than 95 percent of the guaranteed minimum tensile
strength of the prestressing steel.

3.10.3.5. Ducts

All ducts shall be metallic and shall be mortar-tight. Ducts shall be strong enough to
maintain their shape under working stresses, and where grouting is specified, air and grout
holes shall be provided with pipes or other devices so that the injection of grout will
completely fill all void spaces within the entire length of the duct.

3.10.3.6. Grout

(1) Grout shall consist of Portland cement, water, and an expansive admixture plus retarder as
approved by the Engineer. Water shall be potable. No admixtures containing chlorides or
nitrates shall be used.

(2) The Contractor shall submit the proportion of mixing for approval of the Engineer.

(3) Water shall be first added to the mixer followed by cement and admixture. The grout shall
be mixed in mechanical mixing equipment of a type that will produce uniform and
thoroughly mixed grout. Retampering of grout will not be permitted. Grout shall be
continuously agitated until it is pumped.

3.10.3.7. Concrete

(1) Concrete shall conform to the requirements of Class A-1, A-2 or Class AA concrete of Clause
S10.01 of this Specification and to the requirements specified below unless otherwise stated
in the Drawings.

(2) The Contractor shall develop his own mix designs which shall be submitted to the Engineer
for approval.

Section VI-WR-3-95
 (3) The maximum size of aggregate for use in the manufacture of prestressed concrete shall be 2
centimeters.

3.10.4. Construction

3.10.4.1. General

(1) The Contractor shall provide a Technician skilled in the use of the system of prestressing to
be used, who shall supervise the work and give the Engineer such assistance as the Engineer
may consider necessary.

(2) The Contractor shall provide all equipment necessary for the construction and the
prestressing. Prestressing shall be done with approved jacking equipment. If hydraulic
jacks are used they shall be equipped with accurately reading pressure gauges. The
combination of jack and gauge shall be calibrated and a graph or table showing the
calibration shall be furnished to the Engineer. Should other types of jacks be used, calibrated
proving rings or other devices shall be furnished so that the jacking forces may be accurately
known.

(3) All of the applicable requirements of Clause S10.01 (4) "Construction" shall be complied
with, except as may be modified in this Clause. Prestressed concrete shall be formed,
stressed, placed, cured, and protected at shops, manufacturing plants, and locations approved
by the Engineer, where the fabrication of such members may be properly inspected and
controlled.

3.10.4.2. Plan of Operation

The Contractor shall, if required, prepare, check and submit to the Engineer complete
detailed Working Drawings or Schedules showing:

(1) Contractor's alternative designs if the submission of alternatives is approved;

(2) Contractor's details of proposed manufacture and construction;

(3) Sequence of operations proposed; and

(4) Dimensions and complete descriptions of all devices, joints, bearings, and anchorages not
specified or detailed in the Contract Documents

(5) Concrete shall not be cast prior to the Engineer's approval of the Contractor's Drawings, if
any, of concrete mixtures, of formwork, of method of application of prestressing forces, of
methods of placing, of curing, of protecting, of handling and of erecting members. Any
alternative to the design in the Contract Documents shall be subject to the Engineer's
approval before manufacture or construction.

(6) The Contractor shall inform the Engineer not less than 3 days in advance of the probable date
of commencement of manufacture and the dates when tensioning of steel, casting of units
and transfer of stress will be undertaken for the first time.

Section VI-WR-3-96
3.10.4.3. Placing Steel

All steel units shall be accurately placed in the position shown on the Drawings and rigidly
held during placing and setting of the concrete. Distance from the forms shall be maintained
by stays, blocks, ties, hangers, or other approved support. Blocks for holding units from
contact with the forms shall be precast mortar blocks of approved shape and dimensions.
Layers of units shall be separated by mortar blocks or other equally suitable devices.
Wooden blocks shall not be used.

3.10.4.4. Pretensioning Method

(1) The prestressing elements shall be accurately held in position and stressed by jacks.
Stressing shall be applied to produce the stresses required in the wires or strands immediately
after the anchorage as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. Suitable
allowances shall be made for friction in the jacks and for slip and yield in the grips or
anchorages.

(2) A record shall be kept of the jacking forces and the elongations produced thereby and the
minimum age in hours of the concrete in the line at the time the tendons were released.

(3) Several units may be cast in one continuous line and stressed at one time, in which case
sufficient space shall be left between ends of units to permit access for cutting after the
concrete has attained the required strength. No bond stress shall be transferred to the
concrete, nor shall end anchors be released, until the concrete has attained a compressive
strength not less than 85% of the specified 28-day strength as shown by standard specimens
made and cured identically with the members. The elements shall be cut or released in such
an order that eccentricity of prestress will be a minimum.

3.10.5. Curing

(1) Steam curing process may be used as an alternative to water curing. The casting bed for
any unit cured with steam shall be completely enclosed to prevent steam escaping and
exclude outside atmosphere. Two to four hours after placing concrete and after the concrete
has undergone initial set, the first application of steam shall be made. If retarding
admixtures have been used, the delay before application of the steam shall be increased to
four to six hours. Water curing methods shall be used from the time the concrete is placed
until steam is first applied.

(2) The steam shall be at 100% relative humidity to prevent loss of moisture and to provide
moisture for proper hydration of the cement. Application of the steam shall not be directly
on the concrete. During the application of the steam, the ambient air temperature shall
increase at a rate not to exceed 22 degrees celsius per hour until the maximum temperature is
reached and shall be held until the concrete has reached the desired strength. In
discontinuing the steam application, the ambient air temperature shall not decrease at a rate
to exceed 22 degrees celsius per hour until a temperature has been reached 10 degrees celsius

Section VI-WR-3-97
 above the temperature of the air to which the concrete will be exposed. The maximum
curing temperature shall be from 60 degrees celsius to 67 degrees celsius.

(3) If the Contractor elects to cure by any other special method, the method and details shall be
subject to the approval of the Engineer.

(4) Except as specified or otherwise approved, curing shall comply with the requirements in
Clause S10.01.

3.10.6. Post-tensioning Method

(1) Tensioning of the prestressing reinforcement shall not be commenced until tests on concrete
cylinders, manufactured of the same concrete of the particular member to be prestressed has
attained compressive strength indicated in the Drawings or directed by the Engineer.

(2) After all concrete has attained the required strength, the prestressing reinforcement shall be
stressed by means of jacks to the desired tension and the stress transferred to the end
anchorage.

(3) Cast in place concrete shall not be post-tensioned until at least 10 days after the last concrete
has been placed in the member to be post-tensioned and until the compressive strength of
said placed concrete has reached the strength specified for the concrete at the time of
stressing.

(4) All side and inside forms for girders shall be removed before post-tensioning. The
falsework under the bottom slab supporting the superstructure shall not be released until a
minimum of 48 hours have elapsed after grouting of the post-tension tendons nor until all
other conditions of the specifications have been met. The supporting falsework shall be
constructed in such a manner that the superstructure will be free to lift off the falsework and
shorten during post-tensioning.

(5) The tensioning process shall be so conducted that the tension being applied and the
elongation of the prestressing elements may be measured at all times.

(6) A record shall be kept of gauge pressures and elongation at all times and submitted to the
Engineer for his approval.

(7) The load from the anchoring device shall be distributed to the concrete by means of approved
devices that will effectively distribute the load to the concrete.

(8) Where the end of a post-tensioned assembly will not be covered by concrete, the anchoring
devices shall be recessed so that the ends of the prestressing steel and all parts of the
anchoring devices will be at least 50 mm inside of the end surface of the members, unless a
greater embedment is shown on the plans. Following post-tensioning, the recesses shall be
filled with concrete, and finished as shown in the Drawings.

Section VI-WR-3-98
3.10.7. Bonding Steel

(1) Post-tensioned steel shall be bonded to the concrete. All prestressing steel to be bonded to
the concrete shall be free of dirt, loose rust, grease or other deleterious substances.

(2) Prestressing steel shall be bonded to the concrete by filling the void space between the duct
and the tendon with grout. All ducts shall be clean and free of deleterious materials that
would impair bonding of the grout or interfere with grouting procedures.

(3) All grout shall pass through a screen with 1.20 mm maximum clear openings prior to being
introduced into the grout pump.

(4) Grout injection pipes shall be fitted with positive mechanical shutoff valves. Vents and
ejection pipes shall be fitted with valves, caps, or other devices capable of withstanding the
pumping pressure. Valves and caps shall not be removed or opened until the grout has set.

3.10.8. Handling, Transport and Storage

(1) Precast prestressed concrete shall not be moved from the casting position until the concrete
has attained a compressive strength of 85% of the specified 28-day strength, nor transported
until it has developed strength of 90% of the specified 28-day strength.

(2) Extreme care shall be exercised in handling and moving precast prestressed concrete
members. Precast girders and slabs shall be transported in an upright position, shock shall
be avoided and the points of support and directions of the reactions with respect to the
member shall be approximately the same during transporting and storage as the member is in
its final position. If the Contractor deems it expedient to transport or store precast
prestressed units in other than this position, it shall be done at his own risk after notifying the
Engineer of his intention to do so. Any unit considered by the Engineer to have become
substandard shall be rejected and replaced at the Contractor's expense by an acceptable unit.

3.10.9. Marking of Precast Prestressed Members

Each precast prestressed member is to be uniquely and permanently marked so as to

show its type, date of casting and reinforcement.
3.10.10. Testing of Precast Prestressed Members

(1) When directed by the Engineer one or more beams shall be subjected to a loading test. The
Contractor shall obtain the prior approval of the Engineer to the detailed arrangements for the
testing. A beam which is to undergo testing shall be supported at its design points of
bearing and the upward deflection due to the prestressing force measured relative to a line
joining these points. Equal loads shall then be applied at the third points in ten equal
increments, the total being sustained for 5 minutes. The beam shall then be unloaded.

(2) The midspan deflection relative to the reference line shall be measured for each increment of
load. The load deflection curve plotted from these values must show no appreciable

Section VI-WR-3-99
 variation from a straight line. The Drawings shall show, or the Engineer shall direct, the
loads to be applied and the corresponding deflections which must not be exceeded.

(3) Any beam which fails to satisfy the Engineer under the prescribed test shall be rejected and
all other beams cast in the same line as the rejected beam shall also be rejected unless tested
at the Contractor's expense and found satisfactory.

(4) The Contractor shall supply to the Engineer record sheets of the tests showing date of test,
the loads, deflections, and load deflection curves, calculated values of "E" and the strength of
the concrete at release as indicated by the relevant cube or cylinder test results.

(5) The tests are to be carried out on units selected by and in the presence of the Engineer after
he has agreed to the method of testing and form of records. The cost of such tests and
records shall be included in the unit prices.

3.10.11. Method of Measurement

(1) The quantity of prestressed concrete I-girders, U-girders and other types of precast girders, as
the case may be, to be measured for payment shall be the actual number of precast
prestressed concrete structural members, installed in place, completed and accepted. Each
member shall include the concrete, reinforcement and prestressing steel, and other such
material contained within or attached to the beam or slab unit.

(2) Prestressed cast-in-place concrete members will be paid for on the basis of the number of
cubic meters of concrete, the weight (kg) of reinforcing steel and the weight (kg) of
prestressing steel, respectively. For concrete reference is made to Clause S10.01 and for
reinforcing steel reference is made to Clause S10.02.

(3) Prestressing steel used in Pay Item 10.05 of these Specifications will not be measured
separately for payment in this Clause S10.03.

Section VI-WR-3-100
3.11. GLASS FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE (GFRC)

3.11.1. Description of works

The work shall cover the furnishing of materials, labor, tools, equipment, fabrication and
installation, testing, packing for transport, delivery to site, unloading, installation, and testing
of Plant-cast glass-fiber reinforced precast concrete (GFRC) panels including embedded
hardware, loose connection hardware, integrated steel support framing, metal lath at places
as indicated in the Drawing or as specified herein:

Related Documents: The conditions of the Contract and Division 1 apply to this section as
fully as if repeated herein.

3.11.2. Reference Standards

The edition of the specifications and standards referenced herein, published by the following
organizations, apply to the precast glass fiber reinforced concrete only to the extent specified
by the reference. Refer to Section for information concerning availability and use of
references.

(1) Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) / Indonesia National Standard (SNI).

(2) American Concrete Institute (ACI)

(3) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

(4) American Welding Society (AWS)

3.11.3. General Procedures

3.11.3.1. System

(1) System Description:

Plant fabricated GFRC panels consisting of face mix, back-up mix, steel support frame
attached via pins, gravity anchors and flex anchors, steel connections for panel attachment to
structure, and other inclusions for attachments to panels.

(2) Design requirements

Design GFRC panels and shapes under the supervision of a professional engineer employed
or retained by the Contractor, using property data generated from the manufacturer's actual
production.

(3) Structural Performance:

Provide GFRC panels and panel frames capable of withstanding gravity, wind, seismic, and
erection design loads as well as the effects of thermal and moisture-induced volume changes:

- Design loads: As indicated.

- Design framing systems to withstand design loads with lateral deflections no greater than

Section VI-WR-3-101
 1/240 of the wall height.
(4) Design panel framing to provide for movement of framing members without damage or
overstressing, connection failure, undue strain on fasteners and anchors, or other detrimental
effects when subject to a maximum ambient temperature change of 100 deg F.

3.11.3.2. Submittals

(1) Shop Drawings and Product Data: Submit shop drawings and product data including the
following:

- GFRC dimensions, cross-sections, and edge details; location, size, and type of reinforcement,
including reinforcement necessary for safe handling and erection of GFRC panels and
shapes.
- Design calculations demonstrating compliance with indicated loading conditions and
showing flexural ultimate strengths assumed for design, stamped by a structural professional
engineer.
- Layout, dimensions, and identification of each panel segment corresponding to installation
sequence.
- Location and details of anchorage devices embedded in GFRC panels and shapes, and
connection details to building.
- Manufacturer's printed instructions covering installation.
(2) Samples

Submit samples of the following:

- Built-in anchorage devices, full-size, one of each type to be used in the construction.
- Surface Finish.
- Submit 2 sample sections 24" by 24" showing joint conditions.
(3) Certificates of Conformance or Compliance: Submit proofs of conformance or compliance
for the following:

- Admixtures.
- Reinforcing Steel.
- Portland Cement: Identify the cement brand name, type, mill location, quantity to be used,
and size of lot represented by quality control sample, lot number, and destination of
shipment.
- Glass Fibers: Submit evidence that glass composition, Portland cement matrix, or both have
been designed for GFRC applications.
(4) Submittal procedures and quantities are specified in Technical Specification.

Section VI-WR-3-102
3.11.3.3. Quality Assurance

(1) Manufacturer Qualifications

Provide GFRC panels and shapes only from a manufacturer who has demonstrated capability
to produce products of the quality and scope required for this project, and with not less than
5 years of successful experience in manufacturing GFRC panels and shapes.

(2) Erector Qualifications

A firm which has specialized in erection of GFRC or architectural precast concrete items
similar to those required on this project for not less than 5 years and who is acceptable to
manufacturer of GFRC.

(3) Welder Qualifications

Use welders who have been qualified in accordance with AWS D1.1-96 and AWS D1.4-92
within the last year.

(4) Mock-Ups:

Related to the above mention describe as article (1) and (2) and assembly model should
made partly in real scale to show the Joinery of GFRC elements is indicated by drawing.

3.11.3.4. Delivery, Storage, and Handling

(1) Delivery and Handling:

- Handle and transport units in a position consistent with their shape and design in order to
avoid excessive stresses or damage.
- Protect units from dirt and damage during handling and transport.
(2) Storage at Project Site:

- Store units to protect them from contact with soil, staining, and from physical damage.
- Store units on firm, level, and smooth surface.
- Place stored units so that identification marks are easily readable.

3.11.4. Materials

3.11.4.1. Aggregates:

(1) Back-up Mix

Washed and dried silica sand or other sand having a history of successful use in GFRC
construction; passing through a No. 20 sieve.

(2) Facing Mix

Fine and course aggregate for face mix shall conform to ASTM C33 except for gradation.
Aggregates shall be clean, hard, strong, durable, inert, and free of staining and deleterious

Section VI-WR-3-103
 materials. Provide aggregate in colors and sizes as required to achieve the panel finish
texture and colors indicated on the Drawings.

(3) Portland Cement

ASTM C 150-96, Type II. Use the same type, brand and color of Portland cement for all
panels and shapes. Color shall be as required to obtain the panel facing color indicated.

(4) Admixtures

Air-entraining admixtures, ASTM C 260-95. Pozzolan and fly ash, ASTM C 618-97. Other
admixtures, ASTM C 494-92.

(5) Coloring Agent

ASTM C979; shall have no adverse effects to GFRC set and strength; shall be stable at high
temperature; and shall be alkali-resistant. Color shall be as required to obtain panel facing
color indicated.

(6) Water for Mixing Concrete

Use potable water.

(7) Glass Fiber

Fibers specifically designed to be compatible with the aggressive alkaline environment of

Portland cement based composites or fibers with a history of successful use in Portland
cement based composites that has been modified to be compatible with the fiber.

(8) Anchors and Loose Attachment Hardware

- Structural Steel: ASTM A39-96.

- Cold Drawn Wire:
- Anchor Bolts: ASTM A 307-94 or ASTM A 325-96.
- Pipe: ASTM A500 Grades A or B.
- Tube Steel: ASTM A500 Grade A or B.
- Carbon-Steel Rods: ASTM A 108, AISI1018, cold drawn.
- Carbon-Steel Plate: ASTM A 283/A 283M.
- Malleable-Steel Castings: ASTM A 47.
- Carbon-Steel Castings: ASTM A 27/A27M, Grade 60-30.
- Finish: Galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153-96.
(9) Steel Sub framing System

Fabricate in accordance with cold formed metal framing or hot rolled structural steel framing.
Hot dip galvanize framing in accordance with ASTM A 123-89a, or ASTM A 653-96 coating
designation G60 as applicable.

Section VI-WR-3-104
 (10) Form Materials

Provide form materials that will produce panels having the profile, dimensions and
tolerances indicated. Use release agents which are compatible with finish specified and joint
sealants proposed for use.

3.11.4.2. Mixes

The principal ingredients are ordinary Portland cement, silica sand and water -the matrix
mixed with alkali -resistant glass fiber.

3.11.4.3. Fabrication

(1) Proportioning and Mixing

- Carefully measure mix constituents in a manner to achieve the desired mix proportions:
- Cement: About 40 to 60 percent of the material by weight.
- Water: 20 percent of clean water by weight.
- Sand: Good dried silica sand up-to 25 percent by weight of the, giving 0.5 : 1 sand/cement.
- Glass Fiber: The proportion of glass fiber reinforcement varies from 5 percent by weight for
spray techniques down to 3.5 percent for premix.
- Meter the glass fiber and cement slurry to the spray head at rates to achieve the desired mix
proportion and glass content.
- Maintain cleanliness of equipment and working procedures at all times.
(2) Hand Spray Application

- Spray apply a mist coat consisting of the matrix without fiber. Apply this coating not to
exceed 1/32 inch thick in order to avoid an un reinforced surface.
- Spray-up main body of material before the mist coat has set.
- Apply by spraying such that uniform thickness and distribution of glass fiber and cement
matrix is achieved during the application process.
- Consolidate by rolling or such other techniques as necessary to achieve complete
encapsulation of fibers and compaction.
- Control thickness by using a pin gauge or other approved method. Perform a minimum of 2
measurements per 5 square feet of panel surface with at least 3 measurements per panel.
- Perform hand forming of intricate details, incorporate formers or infill material, and
overspray before the material has achieved its initial set so as to insure complete bonding.
(3) Inserts and Embedment

- Properly embed inserts in built up homogeneous GFRC bosses to develop their strength.
- Test inserts to establish test data and reduce test values by the appropriate safety factors to
determine connection strength to be used in design.
- Rigid embedded items bonded to the GFRC shall not create undesirable restraint to volume
changes.

Section VI-WR-3-105
(4) Finish of Exposed Faces

As cast finish free of honeycombs, form marks, concrete droppings or other blemishes that
would telegraph through the water repellent coating specified in Technical Specification.
Provide a finish surface free of laitance, grease, form release treatments, efflorescence,
curing compounds or other foreign material that would adversely affect bonding of the
coating.
(5) Allowable Tolerances

Manufacture units so that each panel complies with the dimensional tolerances listed below.
For dimensional tolerances not listed below, comply with those listed in PCI MNL 117,
"Manual for Quality Control for Plants and Production of Architectural Precast Concrete
Products".
- Dimensional Tolerances of Finished Units:
a) Overall Height and width of units measured at the face adjacent to the form:
10 feet or under +1/8"
10 to 20 feet +1/8", -3/16"
20 to 30 feet +1/8", -1/4"
Each additional 10 feet 1/16" per 10 ft. or +1/4" whichever is greater
b) Thickness:
Skin thickness +1/4", -0"
Side return thickness +3/8", -0"
Panel depth +3/8", -1/8"
c) Angular deviation of plane of side mold: 1/32 inch per 3 inch depth or 1/16 inch totals
whichever is greater.
d) Variation from square or designated curvature: 1/8 inch per 6 feet or 1/4 inch totals
whichever is greater.
- Position Tolerances: For sprayed in items measured from datum line locations as shown on
the approved erection drawings.
a) Inserts, bolts and pipe sleeves: +3/8 inch
b) Blockouts: +1/4 inch
c) Flashing reglet at edge of panel: +1/4 inch
(6) Cover

Provide embedded anchors, inserts, and other sprayed in items with sufficient anchorage and
embedment for design requirements.
(7) Curing

- Immediately after the completion of spraying of the panel, cure panels using a method to
ensure sufficient strength for removing the units from the form.
- After initial curing, remove panel from form and place in a controlled curing environment.
Keep panels continuously set for a minimum of 7 days in accordance with manufacturer's

Section VI-WR-3-106
 standard curing practice. Maintain temperature between 60degrees F and 110 degrees F
during this period.
(8) Panel Identification:

- Mark each GFRC panel to correspond to identification mark on shop drawings for panel
location.
- Mark each GFRC panel with date on which it was cast.
- Apply markings on surface that will not be exposed in the finished construction.

3.11.4.4. Source Quality Control

(1) Plant Testing

Perform testing by a testing agency capable of performing the specified tests, retained and
paid for by the Contractor.
(2) Acceptability of Appearance: The finished construction in place shall present a uniform,
pleasing appearance when viewed in good typical lighting with the naked eye at a distance of
10 feet and shall show no imperfections at a distance of 20 feet.

3.11.5. Construction requirements

3.11.5.1. Inspection

Check placement of structural support system to assure a true and level surface for
attachment of panels. Do not begin construction until discrepancies that could adversely
affect installation of panels have been corrected.

3.11.5.2. Erection

(1) Safety Aspects

Provide adequate barricades, warning lights or signs to safeguard traffic in the immediate are
of hoisting and handling operations.
(2) Setting

- Lift GFRC units with suitable lifting devices at points provided by the manufacturer.
- Set GFRC units level, plumb, square and true within the allowable tolerances.
(3) Supports and Bracing: Provide temporary supports and bracing required to maintain position,
stability, and alignment as units are being permanently connected.

(4) Fastening

- Fasten GFRC units in place by bolting or welding or both as shown on erection drawings.
- Field welding shall be done by qualified welders using equipment and materials compatible
with the base material.
(5) Tolerances of Erected Units

Tolerances for location of GFRC units shall be noncumulative and as listed below. For
erection tolerances not listed below, those listed in PCI MNL 117 shall apply.

Section VI-WR-3-107
 - Face width of joint
Panel dimension 10 feet or less +3/16"
- Panel dimension
Panel dimension 10 to 20 feet +3/16", -1/4"
Panel dimension greater than 20 feet +1/4", -5/16"
- Warpage
Maximum permissible warpage of one corner out of plane of the other three shall be 1/16"
per foot of distance from the nearest adjacent corner or 1/8" total after installation.
- Bowing: Not over L/360, where L is the panel length.

3.11.5.3. Patching

Patching blemishes occurring during fabrication, transportation, handling or erection using a

patching mixture matching the color and texture of surrounding surface. Complete patching
operations before sand blasting.

3.11.5.4. Field Tests and Inspection

(1) Quality Control Program

The GFRC manufacturer shall have an established quality control program if effect at the
plant or shall employ an independent testing laboratory approved by the Architect to monitor
glass content, spray rate, physical properties and curing period and conditions.
(2) Sampling and Testing

Prepare test specimens according the following procedures:

- Prepare a minimum of 2 test boards per work shift until a production uniformity acceptable
to the quality control personnel has been achieved. At such time frequency may be reduced
to one board per work shift.
- For each board determine glass content by the washout test, flexural ultimate strength and
flexural yield strength.
- Glass content shall be considered satisfactory if within -0.5 and +1.0 percent, by weight, of
the glass content in the design mix.
- Flexural yield strength shall be considered satisfactory if both of the following requirements
are met.
a) The average of all sets of 3 consecutive strength tests equal or exceed assumed ultimate
flexural strength for design purposes.
b) No individual test (average of 6 coupons) fall below required assumed ultimate flexural
strength for design purposes by more than 10 percent.
- Submit reports giving proportions, test results, inspection results, unit identification numbers
and casting date for each work shift.
(3) Rejection

Panels in place may be rejected for any one of the following product defects or installation

Section VI-WR-3-108
 deficiencies:
- Non-repairable damage incurred during construction operations.
- Ragged or irregular edges.
- Visible form joints or irregular surfaces.
- Panels not conforming to tolerance requirements.
- Foreign material embedded in the face.
- Visible repairs.
- Cracks visible at a distance of 10 feet.
- Panels do not meet design strength requirements.

Section VI-WR-3-109
3.12. EXPANSION JOINT

3.12.1. General

3.12.1.1. References

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The
publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION
OFFICIALS (AASHTO)
AASHTO T 111(2009) Inorganic Matter or Ash in Bituminous Materials
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM A 1011/A 1011M (2009a) Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, and Strip,
Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy
with Improved Formability
ASTM B 370 (2009) Standard Specification for Copper Sheet and Strip for Building
Construction
ASTM C 919 (2008) Use of Sealants in Acoustical Applications
ASTM C 920 (2008) Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants
ASTM D 1751 (2004; R 2008) Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler
for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Bituminous
Types)
ASTM D 1752 (2004a; R 2008) Standard Specification for Preformed Sponge Rubber Cork
and Recycled PVC Expansion
ASTM D 4 (1986; R 2004) Bitumen Content

3.12.2. Delivery, Storage and Handling

Protect material delivered and placed in storage off the ground from moisture, dirt, and other
contaminants. Deliver sealants in the manufacturer's original unopened containers.
Sealants whose shelf life has expired shall be removed from the site.

3.12.2.1. Products

3.12.2.2. Contraction Joint Strips

Contraction joint strips shall be 3 mm 1/8 inch thick tempered hardboard conforming to AHA
A135.4, Class 1. In lieu of hardboard strips, rigid polyvinylchloride (PVC) or high impact
polystyrene (HIPS) insert strips specifically designed to induce controlled cracking in slabs
on grade may be used. Such insert strips shall have removable top section.

3.12.2.3. Preformed Expansion Joint Filler

Expansion joint filler shall be preformed material conforming to ASTM D 1751or ASTM D
1752. Unless otherwise indicated, filler material shall be 10 mm 3/8 inch thick and of a
width applicable for the joint formed. Backer material, when required, shall conform to

Section VI-WR-3-110
 ASTM D 5249.

3.12.2.4. Sealant

Joint sealant shall conform to the following:

(1) Preformed Polychloroprene Elastomeric Type

ASTM D 2628.
(2) Lubricant for Preformed Compression Seals

ASTM D 2835.

3.12.3. Execution

3.12.3.1. Joints

Install joints at locations indicated and as authorized.

(1) Contraction Joints

Contraction joints may be constructed by inserting tempered hardboard strips or rigid PVC
or HIPS insert strips into the plastic concrete using a steel parting bar, when necessary, or by
cutting the concrete with a saw after concrete has set. Joints shall be approximately 3 mm
1/8 inch wide and shall extend into the slab one-fourth the slab thickness, minimum, but not
less than 25 mm 1 inch.

(2) Joint Strips

Strips shall be of the required dimensions and as long as practicable. After the first floating,
groove the concrete with a tool at the joint locations. Insert the strips in the groove and
depress them until the top edge of the vertical surface is flush with the surface of the slab.
The slab shall be floated and finished as specified. Working of the concrete adjacent to the
joint shall be the minimum necessary to fill voids and consolidate the concrete. Where
indicated, the top portion of the strip shall be sawed out after the curing period to form a
recess for sealer. The removable section of PVC or HIPS strips shall be discarded and the
insert left in place. True alignment of the strips shall be maintained during insertion.

(3) Expansion Joints

Use preformed expansion joint filler in expansion and isolation joints in slabs around
columns and between slabs on grade and vertical surfaces where indicated. The filler shall
extend the full slab depth, unless otherwise indicated. The edges of the joint shall be neatly
finished with an edging tool of 3 mm 1/8 inch radius, except where a resilient floor surface
will be applied. Where the joint is to receive a sealant, the filler strips shall be installed at
the proper level below the finished floor with a slightly tapered, dressed and oiled wood strip
temporarily secured to the top to form a recess to the size shown on the drawings. The
wood strip shall be removed after the concrete has set. Contractor may opt to use a
removable expansion filler cap designed and fabricated for this purpose in lieu of the wood

Section VI-WR-3-111
 strip. The groove shall be thoroughly cleaned of laitance, curing compound, foreign
materials, protrusions of hardened concrete, and any dust which shall be blown out of the
groove with oil-free compressed air.

(4) Joint Sealant

Sawed contraction joints and expansion joints in slabs shall be filled with joint sealant,
unless otherwise shown. Joint surfaces shall be clean, dry, and free of oil or other foreign
material which would adversely affect the bond between sealant and concrete. Joint sealant
shall be applied as recommended by the manufacturer of the sealant.

3.12.3.2. Construction Joints

Construction joints that are specified in drawings except that construction joints coinciding
with expansion and contraction joints shall be treated as expansion or contraction joints as
applicable.

3.12.3.3. Anti-friction Material

Anti-friction material shall be Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) or

equivalent.

Section VI-WR-3-112
3.13. ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVING

3.13.1. Description of work

The work shall include but not be limited to the following:

(1) The preparation of skilled labor, technicians, engineers, as well as an unskilled labor.

(2) The supply of materials and appropriate equipment, machinery, Asphalt Mixing Unit and any
other necessary equipment/machinery for these works.

(3) Stripping of grading layer, levelling, overlay, and laying and compaction of the gravel and/or
crushed stone layer, as stipulated by the Drawings and this Specification.

(4) Laying of asphaltic concrete as the levelling layer and the overlay, with appropriate
equipment, in correct thickness and location as stipulated in the Drawings.

3.13.2. Reference standards

(1) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).

(2) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

(3) Institute of Petroleum (IP).

(4) Peraturan Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Jalan Raya / Construction Regulation for Highway
Development.

3.13.3. General Procedure

(1) The sample materials proposed for use on the entire work must be given to the Engineer as
soon as practicable, for testing and acceptance.

(2) The Contractor shall inform the Engineer, no later than 3 days before the work is scheduled
to begin, of the initial stages of the work scheduled for commencement.

(3) When each stage of the work is completed, the Contractor shall contact the Engineer for an
analysis before the subsequent stages of the work shall begin.

(4) The Contractor shall submit the equipment list to be used, complete with totals and its
capacities, to determine its suitability and to obtain approval form the Engineer.

3.13.4. Materials

3.13.4.1. Materials for Preparing the Sub-grade.

Backfill material shall comply with the requirements stated in the technical specification
herein.

3.13.4.2. Materials for Sub-base layer.

Gravel material for sub-base layer shall comply with the requirements stated in the
Specification for Sub-base.

Section VI-WR-3-113
3.13.4.3. Base Course Materials.

Base-course material shall be selected from the approved sources. It requires two different
qualities of base-course material to be used, class A and class B.
Aggregate material shall be free from dirt and other impurities and the grading shall comply
with the Specification for Base Course.

3.13.4.4. Materials for Asphaltic Concrete Work.

(1) Coarse Aggregate

Aggregate which may be used is crushed stone or gravel, in a dry condition, with the
following requirements:
1) Aggregate wearing which is inspected by Los Angeles machine for 500 revolutions
(PB.0206-76) shall be less than 40%
2) Asphalt viscosity (PB.0205) shall be greater than 95 %
3) Aggregate flakiness index shall be less than 25% (B.S.).
4) At least 50 % of the coarse aggregate shall have at least one broken surface.
5) The water absorption of the aggregate (PB.0202) shall be less than 3%.
6) The apparent weight (PB.0202) of the aggregate shall be at least 2.50.
7) The clay content shall be less than 0.25%.
8) The proportion of weak stone in the aggregate shall be less than 5%.
(2) Fine Aggregate.

Fine aggregate shall consist of materials with rough surface, sharp corners and free from dirt
or other undesirable material. Fine aggregate shall consist of clean sand, finely crushed stone
or a combination of the aforementioned materials in the dry condition.
Fine aggregate shall comply with the following regulations:
1) The value of sand equivalent (AASHTO T-176) in the fine aggregate shall be at least 50.
2) The apparent weight (PB.0203) shall be at least 2.5.
3) From the Atterberg test (PB.0109), the aggregate shall be of non-plastic type.
4) The water absorption/humidity of the aggregate (PB.0202) shall be less than 3%.
3.13.4.5. Filler.

Portland cement, dolomite powder or limestone powder may be used as filler. Care shall be
taken to ensure that the aforementioned materials are not mixed with dirt or other undesirable
materials, and they shall also be in a dry condition (maximum water content 1 %).
The grading of the filler material shall comply with the following criteria:

SIEVE SIZE NO.(MM) % PASSING FILLER MATERIAL

No. 30 (0.59 mm) 100
No. 50 (0.279 mm) 95-100
No. 100 (0.149 mm) 90-100
No. 200 (0.074 mm) 70-100

Section VI-WR-3-114
 Aggregate grade shall also comply with the following table's information:
Mixture no. : I, III, IV, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X and XI used for levelling.
Mixture no. : II used for levelling and middle layers and overlay.
Mixture no. : V used for levelling and middle layers.
The normal asphalt content for the following grading table is between 4% -7% (aggregate
humidity 0% dry).
The aggregate grading is listed on the following page.

3.13.4.6. Solid Asphalt.

Asphalt to be used can be in the form of Penetration 60 or Penetration 80 solid asphalt which
shall conform to the following criteria:

REQUIREMENT
Method Pen.60 Pen.80
TEST Type of Test Unit
Min Max Min Max
1. Penetration (25C,S sec) PA.030176 60 79 80 99 0,1 mm

2. Melt point (ring & ball) PA.0302-76 48 58 46 54 C

3. Flame point (clev. open cup) PA.0303-76 200 - 225 - C

4. Loss of weight (163C, 5 hours) PA.0304-76 - 0,4 - 0,6 %weight

5. Solubility (CCL4 or C52 ) PA.0305-76 99 - 99 %weight

6. Ductility (25C, 5 cm/mm) PA.0306-76 100 - 100 - cm

7. Penetration after weight loss PA.0301-76 75 75 - l

8. Specific gravity (25C) PA.0307-76 1 - 1 grc

3.13.4.7. Emulsified Liquid Asphalt.

For prime coating, liquid asphalt MC-30, MC-70, MC-250 or emulsified asphalt CMS, MS
shall be used.
For tack coating, liquid asphalt RC-70, RC-250 or emulsified asphalt CRS, RS shall be used.

3.13.5. Equipment.

3.13.5.1. Field Equipment.

a. Compaction equipment:
- Vibrator Roller
- Tandem Roller 8-10 ton
- Pneumatic Tyre Roller 10-12 ton
b. Grader.
c. Dump Truck.
d. Asphalt Sprayer and Asphalt Finisher.
e. Compressor.
f. Water Tank.
g. Shovels, rakes, brooms, wooden beams, wheel barrows and other support equipment.

Section VI-WR-3-115
 h. Hand Compactor.

3.13.5.2. Asphalt Mixing Equipment.

a. Asphalt Mixing Plant.

b. Shovel Loader.
c. Shovels, chisels and other support equipment.

Section VI-WR-3-116
3.14. SUB BASE

3.14.1. Description of work

The work shall consist of furnishing, hauling, placing and compacting sub base materials on
the prepared subgrade in accordance with lines, grades, dimensions and cross sections as
shown in the Drawings.

3.14.2. Reference standard

(1) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).

(2) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

(3) Any applicable local codes and standards, the highest or most stringent to apply.

3.14.3. General Procedures

(1) General

Sub base construction shall not be worked out unless the sub grade has been properly
prepared in strict compliance with the lines, grades and profiles as shown in the Drawings.
(2) Testing.

AASHTO Test T191 or T181 shall determine the density of compacted material. The test
shall be made to the full depth of the layer at locations determined by the Engineer, which
shall not more than 200m apart.
Test holes shall be backfilled and compacted by the Contractor without any delay.
The Engineer will make measurements of random test holes during progress of the work to
determine the depth of compacted layers required producing the designated nominal depth of
sub base after compacting to the specified density.
Cutting the test holes and refilling with materials properly compacted shall be by the
Contractor under the supervision of the Engineer.

3.14.4. Materials

(1) Material for sub base shall be a natural or artificial mixture of hard durable particles of
mineral aggregates selected from an approved borrow pit source. It shall be free from clay
lumps, vegetable matter, organic, soil and shall not easily break under prevailing climate and
cycles of moisture change.

(2) If the thickness of required sub base exceeds 20 cm, it shall be divided into a layer of upper
sub base of 15 cm thick and a layer of lower sub base to a minimum of 5 cm thick. The
grading of material for upper sub base shall comply to the following requirements:

Section VI-WR-3-117
 Sieve Designations Percentage By Weight
Standard (mm) Alternative (inch) Passing
50 2in 100
25 1in 60 -100
9.5 3/8in 30 - 100
4.75 No. 4 15 - 100
2.00 No. 10 10 - 70
0.425 No. 40 5 - 40
0.075 No. 200 2 - 25

The percentages passing the various sieves are subject to appropriate correction by the
Engineer when aggregates of varying specific gravities are used.
1) Liquid Limit (MSHTO T89) 25 max
2) Plasticity Index (AASHTO T91) 6 max
3) Sand Equivalent (AASHTO T176) 25 min
4) Soaked CBR at the required density
(100% of the dry density according to AASHTO T180) 40 min

3.14.5. Construction requirement

(1) Sub base Preparation.

Sub grade and all drainage works shall be completed in accordance with this Specification
for at least 50 m ahead of the placing of the sub base material. Sub base may be spread and
shaped by any acceptable methods, which shall not cause the segregation of the fine and
coarse aggregate. The material shall be brought to correct moisture content in achieving the
specified degree of compaction by sprinkling a controlled amount of water and thoroughly
mixing with a road grader until the moisture content is uniform.
The subgrade shall be constructed, prepared, and finished as provided herein, before placing
aggregate sub base course material. The thicknesses of the sub base are shown on the
Drawings.

(2) Rolling and Compaction.

Immediately after proper mixing and shaping, each layer of 20 cm maximum shall be evenly
compacted with suitable compacting equipment approved by the Engineer. Rolling operation
shall start along the sides or edges and progress toward the area centerline.
The rolling shall continue until roller marks are slightly visible and uniformly compacted to a
hard dense surface. Speed of compacting equipment shall be constant rate of 5 km/hr. Dry
density shall be 90-95% as determined by AASHTO Test T180 Method D.
The aggregates and water shall be mixed in an approved mixer. Water shall be added if
required during the mixing operation in the amount necessary to provide the moisture content
for compacting to the specified density
After mixing, the material shall be transported to the job site and contains the proper
moisture content and shall be placed on the roadbed by means of an approved aggregate
spreader

Section VI-WR-3-118
(3) Sub base Tolerance.

The completed surface shall vary not more than 15 mm above or below the design grade at
any point, and the minimum thickness of sub base shall not be less than 15 mm below the
required thickness at any point.
Sub base which does not conform to these tolerances shall be corrected by loosening,
reshaping and re-compacting to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

Section VI-WR-3-119
3.15. BASE COURSE

3.15.1. Description of work

This work shall consist of furnishing, hauling, spreading, watering, rolling and compaction
of graded aggregate material on a completed and accepted subgrade in accordance with the
established lines, grades and cross sections as shown in the Drawings.
It shall include but not be limited to supplying of labor, equipment, plants or rock crushers
equipped with the required screens and other accessories necessary to satisfactorily complete
this work.

3.15.2. Reference Standards

(1) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).

(2) Any applicable local codes and standards, the highest or most stringent values to apply.

3.15.3. Material

(1) Aggregate base coarse material shall be selected from an approved source. The coarse
aggregate retained on the 4.75 mm sieve shall consist of hard durable particles or fragments
of rock and gravel. Gravel, which splits when alternately wetted and dried, shall be avoided.
The gravel shall be of approximately uniform gradation and must be screened and washed.
Fine aggregate passing 4.75 mm (no. 4) sieve shall consist of natural or crushed aggregate
and fine mineral particles.

(2) All aggregate shall be free from vegetable matter, lumps of clay and other deleterious
substances and shall conform to the following requirements as shown on the table as listed
below.

SIEVE % PASSING WEIGHT

STANDARD (MM) ALTERNATIVE (INC) CLASS A CLASS B
50 2 100 100
25 1 65 95 65 100
9,25 3/8 40 45 35 65
4,75 No.4 25 45 20 50
2,00 No.10 15 30 10 40
0,425 No.40 8 20 5 25
0,075 No.200 5 12 2 15

The fraction passing 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve shall not be greater than 2/3 of the fraction
passing the 00425 (No. 40) sieves. After 4 (four) days soaking, when compacted to 95-100%
maximum dry density as determined by AASHTO Test Tl80 Method D, class A aggregate
shall have a CBR of not less than 80 and class B aggregate shall possess a CBR of not less
than 60.

Section VI-WR-3-120
 All base course aggregate shall conform to the following physical requirements:
All base course aggregate shall conform to the following physical requirements:
- Toughness (ASTM D3) 6min
- Loss by Sodium Sulphate
Soundness Test (AASHO T104) 10 percent max.
- Loss by Magnesium Sulphate
Soundness Test (AASHO T104) 12 percent max.
- Loss by Abrasion after 100
Revolutions (AASHO T96) 10 percent max.
- Thin and elongated pieces, by
weight (pieces larger than 2.5 cm,
with thickness than 1/5 length) 5 percent max.
- Loss by Abrasion after 500
Revolution (AASHO T96) 40 percent max.
- Soft fragments (ASTM C 235) 5 percent max.
- Clay lumps (AASHO T112) 0.25 percent max.

3.15.4. Construction Requirement

3.15.4.1. Preparation of Base Formation.

(1) Where aggregate is required to be laid on a prepared formation in either as base course or
other construction, such formation shall be completed and accepted for at least 100 m or so
many square-meters ahead of the placing of the base material. However, any earlier approval
of prepared formation and any damaged to or deterioration in the formation shall be made
good at the Contractor's expense before aggregate base is placed.

(2) Where aggregate base is require to be laid directly on the existing pavement, the surface of
the pavement shall first be slightly scarified or roughened sufficiently to be made permeable
and re-compacted.

(3) Re-compaction shall be performed after the addition of aggregate base, provided that the total
depth of scarified and added material does not exceed the permissible depth of loose layers.

(4) Any lumps larger than 5 cm resulting from scarifying shall be picked out or broken before
the addition of aggregate base. Mixing of the existing scarified pavement with the new
aggregate base should be avoided.

(5) No separate payment shall be made for scarifying or roughening and compaction, as this
work shall be considered incidentals for the aggregate base preparation.

3.15.5. Spreading

Aggregate base shall be evenly spread over the full width of the road bed in layers with
un-compacted thickness not exceeding 25 cm and be subject to the Engineer's approval. The
layers, if more than one (1), shall be as nearly equal in thickness as possible. The material

Section VI-WR-3-121
 maybe spread and shaped by any approved method that shall not cause segregation of the
fine and coarse aggregates. Any portion of segregated coarse or fine material shall be
corrected or removed and replaced with graded material. Material shall contain the correct
moisture content to achieve the specified degree of compaction by sprinkling with the right
quantity of water. Mixing shall be by motor grader until moisture content of material is
almost uniform throughout.

3.15.6. Rolling and Compaction

(1) Immediately after the final mixing and shaping is completed, each layer of 20-cm minimum
thickness shall be compacted with suitable and approved equipment. Rolling shall start along
the sides and then progress towards the road centerline in a controlled speed of 5 km/hr.

(2) The rolling direction shall overlap each other in a longitudinal manner. On super-elevated
sections, rolling shall start at the low grade and progress towards the high side. Rolling
operation shall continue until the surface is uniformly compacted, hard, dense and roller
marks are no longer visible.

(3) If aggregate base is too wet or too dry to be compacted to the required density, it shall be
dried out or sprinkled with water, prior to or during compaction.

(4) No additional payments shall be made for adding water or drying of the material.

(5) Any surface irregularities that may develop after the construction shall be corrected by
removing the irregular portion and replaced with good material as required. Each layer of
aggregate base shall be compacted to at least 95% of the maximum modified dry density as
determined by Method D of AA5HTO Test T180.

3.15.7. Surface and Thickness Tolerances

(1) The completed surface or finished profile shall vary not more than 1 cm above or below the
design elevation at any point.

(2) Loosening, adding or removal of material, reshaping and re-compaction shall correct any
deviation in excess of 1-cm tolerance. Such expenses shall be the Contractor's responsibility.

(3) Where aggregate base is laid in place with variable thickness on the existing pavement, such
thickness shall be within the allowable limits shown on the drawings. Likewise, proper
corrections and/or adjustments shall be done to the profile grade upon written approval of the
Engineer, in order to meet the allowable tolerance as stated in this specification.

3.15.8. Inspection and Testing

ASTM D 1557 or AASHTO T 180 shall determine the density of compacted material. The
test shall be executed to the full depth of the layers at location or points determined by the
Engineer, which shall not be more than 200 m apart. Test holes shall be backfilled with the
same loaterial and compacted by the Contractor without delay.

Section VI-WR-3-122
3.16. CONCRETE UNIT MASONRY

3.16.1. DESCRIPTION OF WORK

The work covered by the Specification consists of providing all necessary labor,
supervision, transport, tools, supplies, materials, equipment and plant to furnish and install
all items, articles, and materials for installation of all concrete masonry units as shown in
the Drawings and/or hereinafter.

3.16.2. REFERENCE STANDARDS

(1) Persyaratan Umum Bahan Bangunan di Indonesia (PUBI) / Public Conditions of

Construction material in Indonesia (PUBI).
(2) Peraturan Beton Bertulang Indonesia (NI-2) / Regulation Reinforced Concrete of Indonesia
(NI-2).
(3) Standar Industri Indonesia (SII) / Indonesia Industrial Standard (SII).
(4) Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) / Indonesia National Standard (SNI).
(5) Australian Standard (AS)
- AS 3700 -Masonry in Buildings
(6) Specification
- Reinforcing Steel
- Cast in Place Concrete
- Cement Mortar
- Joint Sealants

3.16.3. GENERAL PROCEDURES

3.16.3.1. Samples

Samples of each type of concrete block shall be submitted for approval before deliveries
are commended. All subsequent deliveries shall generally be up to the standard of the
samples approved. Spot samples of representative batches may be ordered periodically by
the Engineer.

3.16.3.2. Handling and Storage

(1) Care shall be taken in unloading, stacking and handling of materials, and any damage
incurred thereby shall cause the masonry units to be affected. Therefore they shall be
replaced by the Contractor at no cost.

(2) Masonry units shall be stacked under cover and off the ground. Cement-related materials
shall be stored in a weatherproof, ventilated shed upon platforms above the ground and
effectively protected from weather or moisture unit used. Logistically it shall be first in
first out.

Section VI-WR-3-123
 (3) All concrete block masonry units shall be cured and protected at the site as hereinafter
described. All units shall be brought to the site and stored thereon for not less than 28 days
before they are incorporated in the constructions. Storage shall be arranged in a manner as
to keep the blocks dry, either by tarpaulin or shed roof or combination of same.

(4) Concrete block masonry shall be stored off the ground by means of batters or pallets.
Blocks stored in contact with ground shall not be used. Storage shall be naturally
ventilated.

3.16.4. MATERIALS

3.16.4.1. Concrete Unit Masonry

(1) General

Concrete masonry units shall be made with Aeration Lightweight Concrete (ALC).
Minimum compressed strength over the gross area shall be 4N/mm2.

(2) Aeration Lightweight Concrete (ALC)

ALC block unit shall be 100 mm x 200 mm x 600 mm (or 100 mm x 400 mm x 600 mm)
as shown in the Drawings.

3.16.4.2. Cement Mortar

Refer to Technical Specification "Cement Mortar" and Instant Mortar of ALC

Manufacturers recommendation.

3.16.4.3. Sealing

Refer to Technical Specification "Join Sealant".

3.16.4.4. Anchor Ties

Anchor ties shall be of mild steel with dimensions as recommended by the manufacturer.

3.16.4.5. Reinforcement

Stiffening members and columns shall be made of steel reinforcement as required

Structural Drawings. Reinforcing steel shall refer to Technical Specification "Reinforcing
Steel".

3.16.5. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

3.16.5.1. General

Wall shall be classified as 100 mm thickness of concrete block masonry units with 75%
solid or more net area, laid contiguously in mortar and bonded as specified here in. All
units shall be laid with full mortar joints and all head, bed and other joints shall be

Section VI-WR-3-124
 completely filed filled with mortar.

3.16.5.2. Block Laying

(1) All blocks shall be kept damp during construction and shall be laid on a full bed of mortar.
Single-bond block shall be laid with a frog uppermost and ail joints shall be evenly coated.
The thickness of the horizontal mortar joints shall not exceed 38 mm to every 4 (four)
joints.

(2) Concrete masonry units shall not be dampened before laying, however the surface shall be
moistened before contact with mortar. No damaged units shall be used.

(3) Block work shall be built in a uniform manner in truly plumbed and level courses, shall be
true to vertical or battered lines. Corners and other advanced work shall be rack back and
not raised above the general level more than 1 meter. The maximum vertical tolerance for
out of vertical is 1 cm in every 4 meters.

(4) Exposed concrete masonry units shall be laid true to line and level, with horizontal bed and
vertical head joints of uniform thickness as designated. The courses shall be exactly poled
to line with all window sill and head, all other wall penetrations and apertures as applicable
and as shown in the Drawings. Vertical joints shall be kept in alignment throughout and
symmetrically placed in panels and piers.

(5) The concrete masonry shall level all walls for bearing by rod heights to receive joints,
beams, columns, girders and others, with blocking. Reinforcements shall be used at least
every 3 m in length of walls and at all piers, corners, plates, beams and others. Where so
described or directed, reveals and piers shall be built, fixing and/or railing blocks and
embedded items, for the work of other trades shall be incorporated as the work proceeds in
location as shown by the Drawings.

(6) All concrete masonry upon which a steel or concrete beam bears, shall be grouted with
concrete to the bearing course, and shall also be reinforced as shown in the Structural
Drawings. All embedded items associated with the main or secondary structure, shall be set
in grout at time of pouring.

3.16.5.3. Interior Wall and Partitions

(1) Where finished surface shows exposed or painted masonry, careful workmanship and
finishing shall be required. Discolored or broken units, smeared or damaged surfaces, and
joints of uneven thicknesses shall be the cause for rejection of work or of portion thereby.

(2) The necessary cutting and fitting of all concrete masonry units around switch boxes, piping,
fixtures, conduit and others shall be carefully coordinated between trades and neatly
finished by mason, closing intervening gaps or apertures with mortar and/or finish colored

Section VI-WR-3-125
 mastic or tuck-pointed.

3.16.5.4. Auxiliary Ancillary Items

(1) Caulking

Exposed joints at the perimeters of door and window frames shall be filled solidly with a
plastic, non-staining compound. This shall be forced into place with a pressure gun in a
neat workmanlike manner. All joints and spaces to be caulked shall be thoroughly clean
and dry before the compound is installed.

(2) Anchor Ties

Anchor ties shall be welded to structural steel members or embedded in concrete masonry
at a maximum of 450 mm centers.

(3) Reinforcements

- Stiffening members shall be located at every 12m2 wall area, corner. The stiffening
members of exterior wall shall be located in between the steel structural columns.
- Stiffening columns shall consist of 4 reinforcement bars of D10 bars and dia. 8mm-150mm
links, placed diagonally in a hollow.

(4) Chases

Chases in block work for conduits and others shall be accurately cut as required, in
positions and dimensions as directed by the Engineer.

(5) Reinforced Concrete Stiffening Members

Reinforcement concrete stiffening members to masonry walls and reinforcement concrete

linters shall be in accordance with Technical Specification "Cast-in-Place Concrete",
Stiffening members shall be placed at every 9 m2 of wall surface.

3.16.5.5. Protection and Cleaning

(1) Architectural fixtures and finished surfaces shall be protected against damage during the
progress of the works. Sills, jamb and heads shall be protected by casings as soon as built.

(2) Newly laid block work shall be protected from the harmful effects of rapid drying,
excessive moisture, running or surface water and detrimental impact.

(3) After completion, all exposed masonry, both inside and outside the building, shall be
thoroughly cleaned down with a weak solution of rain water and nutriatric acid. Care shall
be taken to allow none of the acid to come in contact with materials other than the block.
The Contractor will be held responsible for other materials affected by acid, and shall make

Section VI-WR-3-126
good any damage to same at no additional cost to the Employer.

Section VI-WR-3-127