Instructor Manual Fundamentals of Physics 10th Edition Halliday Resnick Walker PDF

Instructor Manual Fundamentals of Physics 10th Edition Halliday, Resnick, Walker
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Chapter 1
1
2 CHAPTER 1
3
10 chains
(b) and in chains to be d = 4.0 furlongs =(4.0 furlongs) 40 chains.
1 furlong
4 CHAPTER 1
5
6 CHAPTER 1
7
the smallest range of correction, B has the next smallest range, and E has the greatest range.
From best to worst, the ranking of the clocks is C, D, A, B, E.
CLOCK Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs Fri.

-Mon. -Tues. -Wed. -Thurs. . -Sat.
-Fri.
A -16 -16 -15 -17 -15 -15
B -3 +5 -10 +5 +6 -7
C in -58 -58 -58
in
in
-
8
-
8
-
8
D +67 +67 +67 +67 +67 +67
E +70 +55 +2 +20 +10 +10
LEARN Of the five clocks, the readings in clocks A, B and E jump around from one 24 - h period
to another, making it difficult to correct them.
7. The last day of the 20 centuries is longer than the first day by
(20 century) (0.001 s/century) = 0.02 s.
The average day during the 20 centuries is (0 + 0.02)/2 = 0.01 s longer than the first day. Since the
increase occurs uniformly, the cumulative effect T is
T = ( average increase in length of a day)( number of days)
=' V 265^]( 2000 y )
= 7305 s
or roughly two hours.
8. When the Sun first disappears while lying

down, your line of sight to the top of the Sun
is tangent to the Earths surface at point A
shown in the figure. As you stand, elevating
your eyes by a height h, the line of sight to the
Sun is tangent to the Earths surface at point
B.
Let dbe the distance from point B to your eyes. From the Pythagorean theorem, we have
d2 + r2 = (r + h ) 2 = r2 + 2 rh + h2
8 CHAPTER 1
or d2 = 2rh + h2, where r is the radius of the Earth. Since r h, the second term can be
dropped, leading to d2 2rh. Now the angle between the two radii to the two tangent points A and
B is 0, which is also the angle through which the Sun moves about Earth during the time interval t
= 11.1 s. The value of 0 can be obtained by using
0
_ t 360
= 24 h .
This yields
(360 )(11 1 s)
0 = --------------------- . -------------------------------------------- = 0.04625.
(24 h)(60 min/h)(60 s/min)
Using d = rtan0, we have d2 = r2 tan2 0 = 2rh, or
2h
r = ------ ;
tan 0
Using the above value for 0and h = 1.7 m, we have r = 5.2 x 106 m.
9. (a) We find the volume in cubic centimeters
193 gal = (193 gal) 231 2.54 cm

= 7.31 x 105 cm3
in 1 v 1in J
gal
and subtract this from 1 x 10 cm to obtain 2.69 x 10 5 cm3. The conversion gal ^ in 3 is given in
6 3
Appendix D (immediately below the table of Volume conversions).
(b) The volume found in part (a) is converted (by dividing by (100 cm/m) 3) to 0.731 m3, which
corresponds to a mass of
(1000 kg/m3) (0.731 m2) = 731 kg
using the density given in the problem statement. At a rate of 0.0018 kg/min, this can be filled in
-------------------- = 4.06 x 10 5 min = 0.77 y
0.0018 kg/min
after dividing by the number of minutes in a year (365 days)(24 h/day) (60 min/h).
10. If ME is the mass of Earth, m is the average mass of an atom in Earth, and N is the number of
atoms, then ME = Nm or N = ME/m. We convert mass m to kilograms using Appendix D (1 u = 1.661
x 10-27 kg). Thus,
9
N = M. =__________ ^ ________________ = 90 x ,0.9.

m(40 u) (1.661 x 10 ~ 27 kg/u)
11. The density of gold is

m 19.32g . 3
p = - = - ---------- r = 19.32 g/cm .
V 1 cm
(a) We take the volume of the leaf to be its area A multiplied by its thickness z. With
density p = 19.32 g/cm3 and mass m = 27.63 g, the volume of the leaf is found to be
m ->
V = = 1.430 cm3.
P
We convert the volume to SI units:
/ X 3
1m
V
v
= (1.430 cm ) |
3
100 cm J
= 1.430 x 10 6 m3.
Since V = A z with z = 1 x 10 -6 m (metric prefixes can be found in Table 1-2), we obtain
1.430 x 106 m3
A = --- ----------- ------- = 1.430 m2.
1 x 10 6 m
(b) The volume of a cylinder of length t is V = At where the cross-section area is that of a circle: A
= wr2. Therefore, with r = 2.500 x 10 _6 m and V = 1.430 x 10 _6 m3, we obtain
V
= - =7.284 x 104 m = 72.84 km. nr
12. THINK This problem consists of two parts: in the first part, we are asked to find the mass of
water, given its volume and density; the second part deals with the mass flow rate of water,
which is expressed as kg/s in SI units.
EXPRESS From the definition of density: p = m / V, we see that mass can be calculated as m = pV,
the product of the volume of water and its density. With 1 g = 1 x 10 _3 kg and 1 cm3 = (1 x 10_2 m) 3
= 1 x 10_6 m3, the density of water in SI units (kg/m 3) is
1 / 3 | 1 g V10 kg V cm 1 x 10 k ^m
3 3
3 /3
p = 1 g/cm = I % --------- s_ = g/ .
1
cm J^ g J^ 10 m J
To obtain the flow rate, we simply divide the total mass of the water by the time taken to drain it.
ANALYZE (a) Using m = pV, the mass of a cubic meter of water is

10 CHAPTER 1

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What units are used to measure distance in the passage?

Instructor Manual Fundamentals of Physics 10th Edition Halliday, Resnick, Walker

CLOCK Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs Fri.

(20 century) (0.001 s/century) = 0.02 s.

T = ( average increase in length of a day)( number of days)

=' V 265^]( 2000 y )

or roughly two hours.

8. When the Sun first disappears while lying

Using d = rtan0, we have d2 = r2 tan2 0 = 2rh, or

9. (a) We find the volume in cubic centimeters

193 gal = (193 gal) 231 2.54 cm

Appendix D (immediately below the table of Volume conversions).

(1000 kg/m3) (0.731 m2) = 731 kg

N = M. = ^ ______ = 90 x ,0.9.

11. The density of gold is

Since V = A z with z = 1 x 10 -6 m (metric prefixes can be found in Table 1-2), we obtain

ANALYZE (a) Using m = pV, the mass of a cubic meter of water is

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