MathCity.org Exercise 2.

3 (Solutions)
Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.MathCity.org, Version: 1.1.0

Question # 1
Let y = x 4 + 2 x3 + x2
Differentiating w.r.t. x
dy
dx
=
d 4
dx
(
x + 2 x3 + x 2 )
=
d 4
dx
d
x + 2 x3 + x 2
dx
d
dx
( )
= 4 x 41 + 2 3 x31 + 2 x 2 1

= 4x + 6x + 2 x
3 2

Question # 2
3

3
Let y = x + 2 x + 3 2

Diff. w.r.t x
dy d 3
= x + 2 x 2 + 3
3

dx dx
d 3 d 3 d 3 3 1
= x + 2 x 2 + ( 3) = 3 x 31 + 2 x 2 + 0
dx dx dx 2
5
dy dy 1 1
= 3 x 4 3 x 2 or = 3 4 + 5 2
dx dx x x

Question # 3
a+x
Let y =
ax
d d
dy d a + x (a x ) ( a + x) (a + x) (a x )
= = dx dx
Now
dx dx a x (a x)
2

=
( a x )( 0 + 1) ( a + x )( 0 1) = ( a x )(1) ( a + x )( 1)
(a x) ( a x)
2 2

ax+a+x 2a
= = Answer
(a x) (a x)
2 2

Question # 4
2x 3
Let y=
2x + 1
dy d 2 x 3
Now =
dx dx 2 x + 1
d d
( 2 x + 1) ( 2 x 3) ( 2 x 3) ( 2 x + 1)
= dx dx
( 2 x + 1)
2

=
( 2 x + 1)( 2 0 ) ( 2 x 3)( 2 + 0 ) =
( 2 x + 1)( 2 ) ( 2 x 3)( 2 )
( 2 x + 1) ( 2 x + 1)
2 2

2 ( 2 x + 1 2 x + 3) 2 ( 4) 8
= = = Answer
( 2 x + 1) ( 2 x + 1) ( 2 x + 1)
2 2 2
FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 2
Question # 5
Let y = ( x 5)( 3 x )
= 3 x x 2 15 + 5 x = x 2 + 8 x 15
Now
dy dy
=
dx dx
(
x 2 + 8 x 15 )
=
dy
dx
( d
) d
x 2 + 8 ( x) (15 ) = 2 x 21 + 8 (1) 0 = 2 x + 8 Answer
dx dx

Question # 6
2
1
Let y = x
x
2

( ) 1 1 1
( )
2
1
= x + 2 x = x+ x 2 = x+ x 2
x x
Now diff. w.r.t x
dy
dx
=
d
dx
( d d
x + x 1 2 = ( x ) + ( x 1 ) (2)
dx dx
)
d
dx
= 1 + (1 x 11 ) 0 = 1 x 2
1 x2 1
= 1 2 = Answer
x x2

Question # 7

Consider y =
(1 + x ) ( x x ) 3/ 2

(1 + x ) x 1 x 2 ( )( )
1

= = x 1 + x 1 x 3 1+ 1
Since x 2 = x 2
x x

( ) 1 x
( )
2 2
x 1 1 3
= = x (1 x ) = x 2 (1 x ) = x 2 x 2
x
Now
d 2
1 3
dy
= x x2
dx dx
1 1
1 3 1 1
1 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 2
= x x = x x = 3 x Answer
2 2 2 2 2 x

Question # 8

(x )
2
2
+1
Let y =
x2 1
Differentiating w.r.t. x
2
(
)
2
dy d x +1
=
dx dx x 2 1

( d 2
) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 d
x2 1 x + 1 x2 + 1 x2 1
= dx dx
( )
2
x 1
2
 FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 3

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 d 2
x + 1 x 2 + 1 ( 2x )
2
x2 1 2 x2 + 1
dy dx
=
( )
2
dx x2 1

(x ) ( )
1 2 x2 + 1 ( 2x ) x2 + 1 ( ) ( 2x )
2 2

=
(x )
2
2
1

=
( ) ( ) ( )
2 x x 2 + 1 2 x 2 1 x 2 + 1
=
2 x x 2 + 1 2 x 2 2 x 2 1 ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
x 1
2
x2 1
2 x ( x + 1)( x 3)
2 2

= Answer
( x 1)2 2

Question # 9
x2 + 1
Let y = 2
x 3
Differentiating w.r.t. x

dy d x +1 2 (x 2
3 ) dxd ( x 2
) (
+ 1 x2 + 1 ) dxd ( x 2
3 )
= =
dx x 2 3 (x )
2
dx 2
3

=
(x 2
3 ) (2x) ( x 2
)
+ 1 ( 2x )
=
(
2 x x2 3 x2 1 )
( x 3) (x )
2 2
2 2
3
2 x ( 4) 8x
= = Answer
(x ) (x )
2 2
2
3 2
3

Question # 10
12
1+ x 1+ x
Let y = =
1 x 1 x
12
dy d 1+ x
Now =
dx dx 1 x
1 1
1 1 + x 2 d 1+ x
=
2 1 x dx 1 x
d d
1 1+ x 2 (
1 1 x ) (1 + x ) ( 1+ x ) ( 1 x )
= dx dx

2 1 x (1 x )
2


1 1 x 2 (1 x )(1) ( 1+ x )( 1)
1

=
2 1 + x (1 x )
2


1 1
1 (1 x ) 2 1 x + 1+ x (1 x) 2 2
= = 1 2
2 (1 + x ) 12 (1 x )2 2 (1 + x ) 2 (1 x )
1 1
= = Answer
(1 + x ) (1 x ) 1 + x (1 x )
1 2 1 3
2 2 2
FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 4
Question # 11
2x 1
Let y =
x2 + 1
Differentiating w.r.t. x
(x ) d d
( 2 x 1) ( 2 x 1) x 2 + 1 ( )
1/2 1/2
2
+1
dy d 2x 1 dx dx
= =
dx
(
dx x 2 + 1 1/2
) (( x + 1) )
2 1/ 2 2

(x ) ( )
1 2 1/2 d
( 2) ( 2 x 1)
1/2
2
+1 x +1 ( x 2 + 1)
= 2 dx
( x +1
2
)
( ) ( 2 x 1)
1
1/2
2 x2 + 1 (2 x )
( )
1/ 2
2 x +1 2
2x2 x
1
( )
1/2
= = 2 x +1
2

(x 2
+1 ) ( x2 + 1

) x2 + 1
1/ 2

( )

1 2 x2 + 2 2 x2 + x x+2 x+2
= = or Answer
( x2 + 1

) x +1
2 1/ 2

( ) (x 2
+1 ) x +12
(x 2
+1 )
3/2

Question # 12
Do yourself as Question # 10

Question # 13
1
x2 + 1 x2 + 1 2
Let y = = 2
x2 1 x 1
Now do yourself as Question # 11

Question # 14
1+ x 1 x
Assume y =
1+ x + 1 x
1+ x 1 x 1+ x 1 x
= Rationalizing
1+ x + 1 x 1+ x 1 x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2 2
1 + x 1 x 1+ x + 1 x 2 1+ x 1 x
= =
( ) ( ) 1 + x 1+ x
2 2
1+ x 1 x
1 + x + 1 x 2 (1 + x )( 1 x ) 2 2 1 x2
= =
2x 2x

( )
1
2 1 1
( )
1
x2 2
= 1 1 x
2 2
=
2x x
Now differentiation w.r.t x

( )
1
d 1 1 x
2 2
dy
=
dx dx x


 FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 5
d 2 2 d
( ) ( )
1
1
x 1 1 x2
1 1 x 2
dx x
dx
= 2
x

(
) ( ) ( ) 2 (1)
1 1 1 1 d 1
= x 0 1 x2 2 1 x 2 1 1 x 2
x2 2 dx
1 2 2
( ) ( )
1 1
1 2 2
= x 1 x ( 2 x ) 1 + 1 x
x2 2
2
( )
1
x 1 x 2 2
+ 1 x2
1 x2
( ) 2 1
1
= 2 1 1 + 1 x
2
= 2
x
( ) ( )
1
x
1 x 1 x
2 2 2 2

2 2
( )
1
1 1 1 x = 1 1 x2
= 2 1 Answer
x
( ) 1 x
2 2
1 x 2 2
x

Question # 15
1
x a+x a+ x 2
Let y = = x
ax ax
Diff. w.r.t. x
1
dy d a+x 2
= x
dx dx a x
1 1
d a+x 2
a+x 2 d
= x + x .. (i)
dx ax ax dx
1 1 1
d a+x 2 1a+ x a+ x2 d
Now =
dx ax 2a x ax dx
d d
1 a + x
1
2 ( a x ) ( a + x ) ( a + x ) ( a x )
= dx dx

2 a x (a x)
2


1 a x 2 ( a x ) (1) ( a + x )( 1)
1

=
2 a + x ( a x )
2


1
1 (a x)2 a x + a + x 1 1 2a
= =
2 ( a + x ) 12 ( a x ) 2 2 ( a + x ) 12 ( a x ) 21 ( a x )2
a a
= =
(a + x )2 ( a x) 2 (a + x) 2 (a x) 2
1 2 1 1 3

Using in eq. (i)

1
dy a a+x 2
= x + (1)
dx (a + x) (a x)
1
2
3
2 a x
1

=
ax
+
(a + x) 2
3 1
(a + x) (a x) (a x) 2
1
2 2

ax + ( a + x )( a x ) ax + a 2 x 2
= 3 = 3 Answer
(a + x) 2 (a x) 2 a + x (a x)
1
2
FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 6
Question # 16
1
Since y = x
x
1 1

= x x 2 2

Diff. w.r.t. x
dy d 12 1
= x x 2

dx dx
1 1 1 3
= x 2+ x 2
2 2
Multiplying by 2x
dy 1 1
2x = x2 +x 2
dx
Adding y on both sides
dy 1 1
2x + y = x 2 + x 2 + y
dx
dy 1 1 1 1 1 1
2x + y = x 2 + x 2 + x 2 x 2 Q y=x2 x 2
dx
dy 1 dy
2x + y = 2x 2 2x + y = 2 x Proved
dx dx

Question # 17
Since y = x 4 + 2 x2 + 2

Now
dy
dx
=
d 4
dx
(
x + 2x2 + 2 )

dy
dx
= 4 x 41 + 2 2 x 21 + 0 ( )
= 4 x3 + 4 x

dy
dx
(
= 4 x x 2 + 1 (i) )
Now y = x 4 + 2 x2 + 2
y 1 = x4 + 2 x 2 + 2 1
( x + 1)
2
= x 4 + 2 x2 + 1 = 2

y 1 = ( x + 1) i.e. ( x + 1)
2 2
= y 1
Using it in eq. (i), we have
dy
= 4x y 1 as required.
dx
Error Analyst
Sarmad Khan - [email protected]

http://www.MathCity.org
Become an Error analyst, submit errors at http://www.mathcity.org/errors
If you have any question or do you want discuss anything just go to
http://forum.mathcity.org
Book: Exercise 2.3
Calculus and Analytic Geometry Mathematic 12
Punjab T extbook Board, Lahore.

Made by: Atiq ur Rehman ([email protected])

Available online at http://www.MathCity.org in PDF Format (Picture format to view online).
Page Setup used Legal ( 8 1 2 14 )
First Printed: August 24, 2005, Updated: February 16, 2009.