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    Further Mathematical Methods (Linear Algebra) 2002 Problem Sheet 2

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    Gag Paf
    This document provides a series of practice problems related to linear algebra concepts covered in a lecture. The problems cover topics like linear transformations, linear independence, null spaces, and representing systems of equations in matrix form. Students are asked to prove theorems, analyze linear transformations, use the Wronskian to test for linear independence, write a system of equations in matrix form, and find the null space and general solution. Harder optional problems involve proofs related to bases, the rank-nullity theorem, and additional theorems presented in the lecture.

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    Further Mathematical Methods (Linear Algebra) 2002 Problem Sheet 2

    Uploaded by

    Gag Paf
    15 views2 pages
    This document provides a series of practice problems related to linear algebra concepts covered in a lecture. The problems cover topics like linear transformations, linear independence, null spaces, and representing systems of equations in matrix form. Students are asked to prove theorems, analyze linear transformations, use the Wronskian to test for linear independence, write a system of equations in matrix form, and find the null space and general solution. Harder optional problems involve proofs related to bases, the rank-nullity theorem, and additional theorems presented in the lecture.

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    This document provides a series of practice problems related to linear algebra concepts covered in a lecture. The problems cover topics like linear transformations, linear independence, null spaces, and representing systems of equations in matrix form. Students are asked to prove theorems, analyze linear transformations, use the Wronskian to test for linear independence, write a system of equations in matrix form, and find the null space and general solution. Harder optional problems involve proofs related to bases, the rank-nullity theorem, and additional theorems presented in the lecture.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views2 pages

    Further Mathematical Methods (Linear Algebra) 2002 Problem Sheet 2

    Uploaded by

    Gag Paf
    This document provides a series of practice problems related to linear algebra concepts covered in a lecture. The problems cover topics like linear transformations, linear independence, null spaces, and representing systems of equations in matrix form. Students are asked to prove theorems, analyze linear transformations, use the Wronskian to test for linear independence, write a system of equations in matrix form, and find the null space and general solution. Harder optional problems involve proofs related to bases, the rank-nullity theorem, and additional theorems presented in the lecture.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Further Mathematical Methods (Linear Algebra) 2002

    Problem Sheet 2
    (To be discussed in week 3 classes. Please submit answers to the asterisked questions only.)

    This week we will look at some problems involving linear transformations. As we only covered this
    material briefly in the lectures, it is vital that you read the hand-out for Lecture 3 before you attempt
    these exercises. We shall also apply the two tests for linear independence which we devised in the
    lectures and examine how solutions to sets of simultaneous equations can be analysed in terms of the
    null space of a matrix.

    1. * Prove Theorems 3.3 and 3.7 from the hand-out for Lecture 3.

    2. * Consider the transformation T : R4 R2 given by



    t w+x+y
    T [w, x, y, z] =
    x+y+z

    Show that this transformation is linear. Find the range and null-space of the transformation T , and
    use these to verify the rank-nullity theorem. Further, find
    the matrix for T with respect to the standard bases in R4 and R2 , and

    the matrix for T with respect to the bases




    1 0 1 0

    2 1 0 0 1 1
    S=
    , , , 0
    and S = ,

    0 0 1 2
    1 2

    1 1 1 1

    of R4 and R2 respectively.
    Verify that the sets S and S 0 are bases of R4 and R2 .

    3. Use the Wronskian to show that the set of functions {ex , ex , ex } [defined for all values of x R]
    is linearly independent if , and are all different.

    4. * Show that the Wronskian for the functions f (x) and g(x) defined [for all values of x R] by
    2
    2 x for x 0
    f (x) = x and g(x) =
    0 for x 0

    is identically zero, but that this pair of functions is linearly independent.

    5. Write the set of simultaneous equations:

    x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 4
    2x1 + x3 x4 = 2
    2x2 + x3 + 3x4 = 6

    in the form Ax = b. Find the general solution to this set of equations writing it in the form

    x = v + 1 u1 + 2 u2 + + r ur

    where the set of vectors {u1 , u2 , . . . , ur } is a basis for the null space of A. Find the Cartesian equation
    of the affine set given by the general solution and describe it geometrically in terms of hyperplanes.
    Other Problems. (These are not compulsory, they are not to be handed in, and will not be covered
    in classes.)

    This week, the other problems are here so that you can revise some properties of matrices which you
    should have encountered in MA100. Everyone should try these as we will be using these techniques
    throughout the course. Solutions for these problems will be contained in the Solution Sheet.

    You should recall that the row (or column) space of a matrix is defined to be the space spanned by
    the row (or column) vectors of a matrix. We shall denote the row and column spaces of a matrix A
    by RS(A) and CS(A) respectively.

    6. Use row operations to find the rank of the matrix



    1 1 2 1
    2 1 2 2
    A= 1 2 4 1 .

    3 0 0 3
    Hence, write down a smallest spanning set for RS(A) and CS(A).

    7. Given the linear transformation T : R4 R3 where



    w + x
    T [w, x, y, z]t = x + y
    z+w
    find the matrix AT which represents this transformation with respect to the standard basis of R4 .
    Then, find the range and null-space of this matrix, and use these to verify the rank-nullity theorem
    holds for matrices. Lastly, determine the set of all vectors b for which the set of simultaneous
    equations given by AT x = b is consistent.

    8. Prove that for any real m n matrix A, R(A) = CS(A).

    9. Establish that for any real m n matrix, the dimension of the column space, the dimension of
    the row space, and the rank of the matrix are all equal.

    Harder Problems. (These are not compulsory, they are not to be handed in, and will not be
    covered in classes.)

    For those of you who like the more abstract stuff, here are some more difficult questions for you to
    think about. Solutions for these problems will be contained in the Solution Sheet. If you want to
    discuss these solutions (after they have been circulated) you should bother me and not your class
    teacher.

    10. Prove the following two theorems:


    If S V is a linearly independent set of vectors that is not already a basis for V , then the set
    S can be augmented to form a new set S 0 which is a basis for V by adding appropriate vectors
    to S.
    If S V is a set of vectors which spans V but is not already a basis for V , then the set S can
    be reduced to form a new set S 0 which is a basis for V by removing appropriate vectors from
    S.

    11. Prove the rank-nullity theorem (i.e. Theorem 3.9 in the hand-out for Lecture 3) in the cases
    where (T ) = 0 and (T ) = n. Why does the proof given in the hand-out not apply in these cases?

    12. Prove Theorems 3.12 and 3.13 from the hand-out for Lecture 3.

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