Analysis of portal frame structure with ETABS Version 9

2 story structure shown in the figure, which will be used to analyze an educational center. The staircase is
an independent structure that is not included in this analysis. In transverse direction are solid masonry
walls alternating with reinforced concrete frames. In the longitudinal direction they have porches with small
plates. The transverse walls are attached to the concrete structure; those in the longitudinal direction are
separated (only considered their mass or weight but not its rigidity). They are lightened slab of 20 cm thick.

Wheelbases are shown in the following figure:

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 Additional Information:

Properties of materials

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Reinforced Concrete fc = 210 kg /
cm E =
15,000 f'c
= 2.4 t /
m3

2
Masonry (solid) f'm = 45 kg /
cm E = 500
f'm
= 1.9 t /
m3

Weight lightened slabs 300 kg / m2

Floor and ceiling finishes 120 kg /
m2 live loads
Classrooms - workshop 350 kg / m2
Passages 400 kg / m2
Ceilings 100 kg / m2

Shares earthquake
Seismic Zone 3 Z = 0.4
Category A (essential) U = 1.5
S1 soil profile S = 1.0
Tp = 0.4
s
Seismic amplification coefficient C = 2.5 (note that T1 <0.4 s)
Reduction of the response R = 3 (cross, masonry)
R = 6 (longitudinal, plates)

Additional permanent loads in beams of level +3.40 (t / m):

Item \ Axis TO B C

Masonry 0.285 0.513 0.285

Windows 0.100 0.050 ------
Total 0.385 0.563 0.285

Live loads on transverse frames apply in checkerboards such as to produce the maximum positive
moments. In the longitudinal frames live loads are applied in a single system loads.

D: 7 sets of static load will be considered

Permanent loads.
L1 Live loads on the first floor, between B and C axes (passage)
L2 Live loads on the first level, between axes A and B
(classroom-workshop) L3 Live loads on the roof
Earthquake QX1 positive eccentricity X X
QX2 Quake Quake QY1 negative
eccentricity and eccentricity positive QY2
Earthquake And with negative eccentricity

And two seismic analysis by spectral modal superposition, SX and SY will be made, as provided in the
E.030 standard.

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 The results will be combined loading considering the factors set forth in the standard E.060

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 To start the program:

1. Double-click the icon ETABS on the desktop or locate the folder where the program was
installed and click ETABS.exe.

2. In the drop-down list in the lower right corner select the Ton-m units.

3. If necessary modify the toolbar, place the mouse over the gray area at the top of the screen and click
the right mouse button. The toolbars are not essential, but simplify data entry.

Reference axis
4. Menu FILE - New Model (or New button Model in the toolbar)

5. The table indicates Default.edb New Model Initialization or No.

6. In the Building Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition Table:

No need to modify the units listed at the center, to the right side.
Being marked the Uniform Grid Spacing button:
Number Lines in X Direction = 5
Number Lines in Y Direction = 3
Spacing in X Direction = 3,875
Spacing in Y direction = 7.65
Mark Custom Grid Spacing
With the button Grid Labels can modify the names of the axes:
Type 1 in the Beginning X ID box
Type A in Beginning and ID
Top to Bottom check for direction, then OK
Click Edit Grid ...
Select the Display Grid Spacing option as
Modify Bubble Size 0.75
Table and Data Grid, change the value 7.65 in the line corresponding to the axis C by 2.1
OK
Dimensions Table Story Simple Story verify that Data is checked, then:
Number of Stories = 2
Typical Story Height = 3
Bottom Story Height = 3.4

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 Select the Custom Story Data option and click Edit Story Data. In the Story Data box it is not
necessary to make changes, but as a practical modify the Label column to label the floors as N2 and
N1. Master Story column set to Yes and No level N1 N2 level. Finally, in the Similar To column and
the row for N2 declare that level will be similar to N1. Close the dialog with OK.
In the category Add Structural Objects select the Grid Only template and close the box Building Plan
... By clicking OK

Two windows, one with a three-dimensional view and a flat open. In the three-dimensional view shown that
a blue rectangle corresponding to the plan view.

To put a window in focus click anywhere in the window.

Use the buttons As well as those with an arrow up or down To change the view. In a

three dimensional view changes in an isometric perspective view; with the same button changes to

a plan view perspective. A three-dimensional view can be rotated with .

7. FILE menu - Save As ...

Select the folder where you keep your job. Enter the job name (without extension) and click Save.

the reference axes can be changed using the button DEFINE or menu - Edit Data Grid ... and data
levels DEFINE or menu - Edit Story Data ...

Materials

8. DEFINE menu - or button Material Properties

9. Define Materials Table select CONC and then click Modify / Show Material.

10. Table Material Data Property data indicate the category Analysis (all units are tons and meters):

Mass per unit Volume = 0.245

Weight per unit Volume = 2.40
Modulus of Elasticity = 2.E6
Poisson's ratio = 0.20
Coeff of thermal expansion = 1.E-5

The shear modulus of rigidity is updated after closing the window. In the
category Design Property Data indicate:
Conc Comp Specified Strength = 2100
Bending Yield Stress = 42000 REINF
REINF Shear Stress Yield = 28000

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 Click the Color box and choose a light gray.
Close the Material Property Data OK.

11. Define Materials Table select OTHER and click Add New Material

12. Table Material Property Data indicate (t, m):

Material Name: MAMP

Mass per unit Volume = 0.194
Weight per unit Volume = 1.90
Modulus of Elasticity = 200000 (t / m2)
Poisson's ratio = 0.25
Coeff of thermal expansion = 1.E-5
Type of Design: None
In the Color box to choose a similar clay brick color.
Close the Material Property Data OK.

13. Click OK again to close the Define Materials dialog.

14. Click the button

Sections of linear elements

15. DEFINE menu - Frame Sections or button

16. In the second drop-down box choose Define Frame Sections Add Rectangular:

17. Rectangular box in the Section:

Change the name of the section V25x65

BOM display and select CONC (this is very important).
Depth = 0.65
Width = 0.25
Click Reinforcement
In the Reinforcement Data box, select Beam and correct the information in the Top and Bottom
checkboxes 0.06 (distance of extreme fiber to the centroid of concrete reinforcement). OK to return
to the Rectangular Section box. Note the orientation of the axes 2 and 3.

Click OK to return to the Define Frame Sections dialog

18. You can delete all other sections. First select them by holding down the left mouse button and then
click Delete Property.

19. Add similarly rectangular sections V30x65 and V15x20. In the latter case indicated
0.04 in boxes Top and Bottom Cover to Rebar Center.

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 20. In the second drop-down list choose Add Rectangular again:

21. Rectangular box in the Section:

Change the name of the section C25x60

BOM display and select CONC.
Depth = 0.60
Width = 0.25
Click Reinforcement
In the Reinforcement Data Column check box, Rectangular, Ties and Reinforcement Designed to
be. Rebar Cover to rectify Center and enter # 6 in the boxes and Corner Bar Size Bar Size. OK to
return to the Rectangular Section box. Note the orientation of the axes 2 and 3.

OK again to return to the Define Frame Sections dialog

22. Repeat to define the section C25x90

23. In the second dropdown list, select Add Tee.

24. Tee box in the Section:

Change the name of the section T90x45
BOM display and select CONC.
Outside stem t3 = 0.45
Outside Flange t2 = 0.90
Flange thickness tf = 0.25
Stem thickness tw = 0.30
Click Reinforcement
In the Reinforcement Data Column check box, Rectangular, Ties and Reinforcement Designed to
be. Rebar Cover to rectify Center and enter # 6 in the Bar Size box. OK to return to the tee box
Section. Note the orientation of the axes 2 and 3. The program is not designed T section columns;
Its design makes it a pure bending.

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 OK to return to the Define Frame Sections dialog.

25. When you have defined all the required sections do OK again to close the Define Frame Sections
dialog.

26. Click the button

Sections of Elements Area

27. DEFINE menu - Wall / Slab / Deck Sections or button

28. In the Define Wall / Slab / Deck Sections delete SLAB1 box and PLANK1 with Section Delete button

29. Select wall1 and click on Modify / Show Section ... On the Wall / Slab Section picture:
Change the name to MURO25
In the dropdown list choose the materials MAMP
Make sure the thickness is indicated as 0.25, in both boxes Membrane and Bending

OK to return to the Define Wall / Slab / Deck Sections box

30. Select DECK1 and click on Modify / Show Section ... On the Wall / Slab Section picture:
Change the name to LOSA20
Select the Filled Deck option.
In the dropdown list choose the CONC material.
Slab Depth (tc) = 0.05
Deck Depth (hr) = 0.15
Rib Width (wr) = 0.10
Rib Spacing (Sr) = 0.40
Unit Weight / Area = 0.09. This is the weight of lightweight bricks.
Ignore the box Studs Composite Deck
OK to return to the Define Wall / Slab / Deck Sections box

31. OK to close the dialog. To record click

Linear Drawing Elements

32. Put into focus the Plan View window. Make sure the Snap to Grid option is checked ...

33. In the bottom right, drop the list where One Story mode is indicated, changing it
Similar Stories

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34. Click the button Create Columns in Region or at Clicks menu or Draw - Draw Line
Objects - Create Columns in Region or at Clicks

35. Properties of Objects C25x90 choose the section; then click positions A3 and B3

36. Table Properties of Objects choose C25x60 and click A1, B1, A5, B5 positions. To place the columns
into position can be used Plan X Offset, equal to +.175 axis 1 and equal to the shaft 5 -.175

37. Choose T90x45, Angle = 90, X = 0 Offset Plan and click A2, A4

38. T90x45 again, Angle -90 and click B2, B4

Note: colors have been changed, with the OPTIONS menu - Colors - Display. This may be desirable
to avoid printing figures with black background.
39. Change the drawing mode by clicking on the Create Lines in Region or at Clicks button or
use the DRAW menu - Draw Line Objects - Create Lines in Region or at Clicks

40. Choose the V25x65 section and click on the grid lines on the axes A and B (a total of 8 times).
Continue with axes 1, 3 and 5, between the axes A and B

41. Table Properties of Object change in the Property section line V30x65 and click beams axes 2 and 4
between the axes A and B (ie, draw two elements in each of the two levels)

42. Change the Similar Stories by One Story mode (ie the drop-down list at the bottom)
43. Move the floor-to-ceiling view of the level 1 using the down arrow button

44. V25x65 change the section and click flown between the axes B and C, axes 1-5

45. V15x20 change the section and click on the 4 sections of the C axis

46. With the ESC key or button out of this mode of drawing

47. Put into focus the 3D View window by clicking on it. Then click the Set Building View Options button
, Check the Extrusion and OK option. Observe the elements that have been drawn.

48. Put back into focus the window with the flat view N1

49. Click the button

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Adding Slabs

50. Click the Create Areas at Clicks button menu or Draw - Draw Area Objects - Create Areas
at Clicks

51. In the window Properties of Objects select LOSA20

52. Verify you are in One Story mode and that the plan view corresponds to level 1

53. Click the 4 cloths in the area of the passage between 1 and 5 axes, B and C

54. In the lower right corner select the mode Similar Stories

55. Click the 4 cloths between axes A and B

56. Exit this mode of drawing with the ESC key or button

57. Click the Set Building View Options button , Check the options Fill Objects and Apply to all
windows. Then OK. Note the orientation of the joists.

58. Click the button

Adding Walls

59. Replace the window in focus with the plan view. Verify you are in similarly Stories

60. Click the button Create Walls in Region or at Clicks or use the DRAW menu - Draw Area
Objects - Create Walls in Region or at Clicks

61. In the window Properties of Objects select MURO25

62. Click axes 1, 3 and 5, between the axes A and B

63. Press the ESC key or click the button

64. Select each of the newly added elements wall. It can be done with SELECT menu - by Area Object
Type - Wall - OK. The selection is evidenced by rectangles with dashed lines.

65. ASSIGN menu - Shell / Area - Area Object Mesh Options

66. In the box Area Object Auto Mesh Options:

In the area Ramp and Wall Objects Meshing Options check Subdivide into elements with Maximum
Size of 1
Keep mark Add Restraints / Constraints on Edge ...
67. Put into focus the window with the 3D view and click the Set Building View Options button .

68. September Building Table View Options:

In the area of marque View by Color Materials

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 In the category Special Effects mark Extrusion
Close the Set Building View Options dialog with OK

69. Click the button

In the box that opens when you click the button You can also set which items will be visible in the
active window or all windows. They are recognized as different beams, columns or braces and also
distinguishes between items used for floors, ramps and walls area.
On the other hand they can be installed on the toolbar buttons to hide or reveal the knots Lines
(frames) , Areas (shells) , The gridlines , And shafts

Support and Links

70. Put into focus the window with the view and click the arrow button down, showing
Plan View - Base - Elevation 0.

71. In the drop-down list located to the right below, choose the option One Story

72. Select all nodes of the plane with extendable window. In the lower left corner of the screen should say
14 Points selected
73. Click the button Joint / Point - - Restraints or ASSIGN menu. The Joint box opens
Restraints

74. Table Joint Restraints check the appropriate boxes to the six degrees of freedom. The same is
achieved more easily by clicking on the button . Close the dialog with OK

75. To refresh the window with 3D view, put in focus (by clicking on it) and then click OK or button

76. Select all by clicking the button . To clear all selections can use the button . In the window
with a three-dimensional view you can also select all items with extendable window.

77. Use the EDIT menu - Divide lines - Break at Intersections with Selected Lines and Points - OK

78. Again select all by clicking the button .

79. Click on or use the ASSIGN menu - Frame / Line - End (Line) Offsets

80. End Table Frame Length Offsets keep the brand and type Automatic from Connectivity
0.7 in the box Rigid-zone factor. OK

81. Click the button

82. Active again the window with a view and use the button to show Plan View - N1 - Elevation 3.4.

You can also use the button and select the level N1.

83. Make sure the drop-down list in the lower right corner is the One Story option.

84. Select all objects in the foreground with a extendable window. In the lower left corner of the screen
should say 19 Points selected ...

85. Click the button or use the ASSIGN menu - Joint / Point - Rigid Diaphragm.

86. Diaphragm in Assign box D1 sure is selected and click OK.

87. With the up arrow , Move to the second level flat view.

88. Select all the nodes of the second level and repeat ASSIGN - Joint / Point - Rigid Diaphragm

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 89. Click Add New Diaphragm Diaphragm and the Data box, type D2. OK to close the dialog

90. OK again to close the Diaphragm Assign box, so that the diaphragm D2 is assigned to the nodes of
the second level

91. Click the button

Declaration of Static Load Systems

92. DEFINE menu - Static Load Cases or click the button

93. Table Define Static Load Case Names:

Select DEAD and replace D in the Load column
Keep DEAD type in the Type column, 1 Self Weight Multiplier
Click Modify Load
Select LIVE and replace L1
Keep LIVE type and 0 Self Weight Multiplier
Click Modify Load
Type L2 instead of L1
Click Add new Load
Enter instead of L2 L3
Click Add new Load
Write QX1 instead of L3
In the dropdown list choose the second column QUAKE.
In the fourth column select User Coefficient
Click on Add new Load

Click Modify Lateral Load ...

User Defined Table Seismic Loading ECCEN mark X Dir + Y and enter the value ZUCS / R = 0.25 in
the Base Shear Coefficient box. Keep ECCEN Ratio equal to 0.05 and as Exp Building Height 1.
Close the dialog with OK
Write QX2 instead of QX1
Click on Add new Load
Click Modify Lateral Load ... and in the User Defined check box ... X Dir - ECCEN Y; hold the same
values entered for QX1. Close the dialog with OK
Repeat the above steps as declaring QY1 component corresponding to the earthquake in direction,
with eccentricity + X and -X QY2 with eccentricity. In both cases indicate ZUCS / R equal to 0.50.
Close the dialog with OK
94. For the program to determine the weight or mass to be considered at each level for analysis
seismic, click the button or use the DEFINE menu - Mass Source

95. In the Define Source box Mass

Check the option Loads From
Click the Add button

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Expand the list and choose Load L1
To the right type 0.50
Click the Add button.
L1 and L2 change again by Add
Expand the list and choose Load L3
To the right type 0.25
Click the Add button
Define Mass Source close the box with OK
96. Click the button

Alternative for Seismic Analysis by Modal Superposition

97. DEFINE menu - Response Spectrum Functions or button

98. In the Define Response Spectrum Functions box, choose User Spectrum and click Add New Function

99. In the new dialog Response Spectrum Function Definition:

Indicate E030R6 (or any other name) Function Name.
Type in Period Acceleration and value pairs that define the spectrum of pseudo acceleration. After
entering each pair of values click Add:
0 0.250

0.40 0.250
0.50 0.200

0.60 0.167
0.80 0.125

1.00 0.100
...
The spectrum in this case has been entered in g. Later factor is introduced 9.81 m / s2
Close the Response Spectrum Function Definition box with OK

100. Click Add New Function again to define another spectrum E030R3
Type in the Acceleration Period columns and value pairs: 0
0.500
0.40 0.500

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0.50 0.400
0.60 0.333
0.80 0.250
1.00 0.200
Close the Response Spectrum Function Definition box with OK

101. Close the Define Response Spectrum Functions box with OK

102. DEFINE menu - or button Response Spectrum Cases

103. Table Define Response Spectrum Spectrum click the Add New button
Table Response Spectrum Case Data:
Spectrum SX Case Type Name
Note that the option is selected combination CQC
Enter 0.05 in the box Damping
Expand the list box and select the U1 E030R6
Enter 9.81 in the Scale Factor box
Enter 0.05 in ECCEN box. Ratio
OK

104. Click the Add New button again Spectrum

105. Table Response Spectrum Case Data:

Type SY Spectrum Case Name
Scroll down the list on the U1 box and select the blank
Scroll down the list on the U2 box and select E030R3
Enter 9.81 in the Scale Factor box
Keep other data - OK

106. OK again to close the Define Response Spectrum box.

107. Click the button

Load Combinations

108. DEFINE menu - Load Combinations or button

109. Define Load Combinations In box, click Add New Combo

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 110. In the Load Combination Data table:

Keep COMB1 in the Load Combination Name box

Maintain Add Load Combination Type
Expand the Case Name list and choose the Scale Factor D. In writing box 1.4. Add
Expand the Case Name list and choose L1. In the Scale Factor box type 1.7. Add
Expand the Case Name list and choose L3. Add
OK

111. Repeat defining the remaining combinations:

COMB2 D = 1.4 + 1.7 L2

COMB3 D = 1.4 + 1.7 (L1 + L2 + L3)
COMB4 = 1.25 (D + L1 + L2 + L3) + SX
COMB5 = 1.25 (D + L1 + L2 + L3) + SY
COMB6 = 0.9 D +
SX
COMB7 D = 0.9 + SY
In some cases it may be convenient to use the Modify or Delete buttons. When the process of modal
combination is used, as in SX or SY, the program assigns results to the double sign . If
combinations with results of an analysis made instead with equivalent static forces, as in QX1 ...
QY2, you need to sign combinations sign + and -

112. Finally, Add New Combo and Load Combination Data Table:
Combination Name:
E
Expand the Load Combination Type list and select Envelope
Expand the Case Name list and choose COMB1. In the Scale Factor box type 1. Add.
Repeat to add up COMB7 COMB2 ... always with Factor 1.
OK
113. Complete the definition of combinations doing OK and then click OK

Loads

114. Select Menu - By Area Object Type - Floor - OK (12 areas are selected)
115. Click the button Shell / Area Loads - - Uniform or ASSIGN menu.

116. In the Uniform Surface Loads box, type 0.12 in the Loads box. Do not modify the other data.
OK.

117. Verify that the window where there is shown in plan and present the N1 level is in focus.

the button can be used or buttons

118. Verify that the active option is One Story

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119. Select the four elements of slab between the axes B and C.

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120. Click the button Shell / Area Loads - - Uniform or ASSIGN menu.

121. Loads on Uniform Surface window:

Load Case Name choose L1
0.4 Loads type in the box
Gravity keeps the Direction box Replace Existing Loads in Options
OK.

122. Similarly, select the four elements of slab between the axes A and B and specify the load 0.35 (t /
m2) on the set of loads L2.

123. With the button move the view to Z = 6.4, and select the four elements of slab between A and B.

124. Again click the Assign Uniform Load button or ASSIGN menu - Shell / Area Loads - Uniform.

125. Loads on Uniform Surface window:

Load Case Name choose L3
0.1 Loads type in the box
Gravity keeps the Direction box.

And click the OK button

126. Move the flat overlooking the first level

127. Select axis beams (4 sections). In this case the easiest way is to click on each of the sections. Do
not use a window extendible, because the columns are also target

128. Click the button Frame / Line Loads - - Distributed or ASSIGN menu

129. Frame Distributed Loads in the box:

Make indicated D in the Load Case Name box.

Gravity choose from the dropdown list for Direction.
In the entry box Load Unit 0.385 (t / m)
OK, so the box is closed and the selection is cleared.

130. Repeat for the beams axis B, with load 0.563 t / m

131. Repeat with the beams of the C axis and the stretch axis 1 between B and C, indicating a
permanent distributed load of 0.285 t / m

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 132. To observe the loads applied to the three-dimensional view, put in focus the corresponding window,

click , Uncheck Extrusion and exit the dialog with OK. Then use the menu DISPLAY - Show
Loads - Frame / Line and close the dialog with OK. Only loads that were introduced as data
indicated; to observe the loads applied to the beams slabs required data processing. You can
return to the drawing of the structure unburdened with button

133. Click on

Analysis

134. ANALYZE menu - Set Analysis Options

135. Select the Dynamic Analysis option and click Set Dynamic Parameters.

136. No need to change number of modes (12); click OK.

137. Select the Include P-Delta option and click Set P-Delta Parameters.

138. In the P-Delta Parameters window indicate 3 in the iterations box, then click OK (assuming the
standard program) and again OK.

139. Run button - Run Now

140. At the end: OK. The deformed system of charges for D. Use the buttons at the bottom right to
display other cases shown.

141. Button Show Deformed Shape - or DISPLAY menu

142. In Deformed Shape box - Select SX - Mark Wire Shadow - OK. Click on a node to see movement
(must still be multiplied by 0.75 R)

143. Button . Select 2 on the Set Elevation View box and then OK

144. With the menu DISPLAY - Show Loads - Frame / Line the Show Frame / Line Loads box opens.
Check the All That Is Loading Tributary to the Line Object option and then OK. Loads on the beams
are shown, including the program has metrado, but not including the weight of the beams

145. Button and Frame / Pier / Spandrel Forces or menu DISPLAY - Member Show Forces /
stresses - Frames / Cables.

146. Table: E Select In menu - Mark In Plane Moment. - In the area Options
uncheck and check Fill Diagram Show Values on Diagram - OK

147. Click the right mouse button on any beam

148. For tables with analysis results you can use the menu DISPLAY - Show Tables. To print results may
also use the FILE menu - Print Tables - Analysis Results

149. Graphs can be printed directly . However, it is best to prepare a graphic file in jpg format. To this
end, use the FILE menu - Capture Picture - Current Window w / o Title Bar - Indicate name and
folder Okay. To change background colors and others use the OPTIONS menu
- Colors.

Home Design

150. Menu Options - Preferences - Concrete Frame Design - Verify ACI 318-99 is used - OK. If you use
more recent versions you must modify the

151. OPTIONS menu - Windows - One

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 152. DESIGN menu - Concrete Frame Design - Select Design Combos. Table Design Load
Combinations Selection select combinations DCON1 ... (are ACI) and click Remove; then select the
combination E and click Add. This is appropriate for the design beams; column design for the
envelope E should not be used, but combinations COMB1 to COMB7

153. DESIGN menu - Concrete Frame Design - Start Design / Check ...

154. Change units Ton-cm. Refresh windows

155. Click on a beam with the right mouse button. The table indicates the combination and
reinforcement for each section. Select a color for a section - Click on the Details button - After
seeing the results, close the dialog by clicking on the upper right corner.

156. Click on a column with the right mouse button - Observe the table.

157. Click Flex. Details - Close the window.

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