ORAL COMMUNICATION POINTERS

Communication is a process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another within and across channels, contexts, media, and cultures.
NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
1. Communication is a process.
2. Communication occurs between two or more people.
3. Communication can be expressed through words, actions, or both at the same time.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Speaker the source of information or message.
2. Message the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions.
3. Encoding the process of converting the message into words, actions or other forms that the speaker understands.
4. Channel the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal or non-verbal, in which the encoded message is conveyed.
5. Decoding the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver.
6. Receiver the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message.
7. Feedback the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver.
8. Context the environment where communication takes place.
9. Barrier - the factors that affect the flow of communication.
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Shannon-Weaver Model depicts communication as a linear or one-way process consisting of five elements: a source, a transmitter, a channel, a receiver, and a destination.
2. Transaction Model a two-way process of communication with the inclusion of feedback as one element.
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Control communication functions to control behavior.
2. Social Interaction communication allows individual to interact with others.
3. Motivation communication motivates or encourages people to live better.
4. Emotional Expression communication facilitates peoples expression of their feelings and emotions.
5. Information Dissemination Communication functions to convey information.
FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 7. Correctness (Things to consider when engaging Verbal Communication)
1. Completeness BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION 1. Appropriateness
2. Conciseness 1. Emotional Barriers 2. Brevity
3. Consideration 2. Use of Jargon 3. Clarity
4. Concreteness 3. Lack of Confidence 4. Ethics
5. Courtesy 4. Noisy Environment 5. Vividness
6. Clearness VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
DEFINITION AND NATURE OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Intercultural Communication is the sending and receiving of messages across languages and cultures.
DMIS Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity
Stage 1. Denial the individual does not recognize cultural differences.
Stage 2. Defense The individual starts to recognize cultural differences and is intimidated by them, resulting in either a superior view on own culture or an unjustified high regard for the new
one.
Stage 3. Minimization Although individuals see cultural differences, they bank more on the universality of ideas rather than on cultural differences.
Stage 4. Acceptance The individual begins to appreciate important cultural differences in behaviors and eventually in values.
Stage 5. Adaptation The individual is very open to world views when accepting new perspectives.
Stage 6. Integration Individuals starts to go beyond their own cultures and see themselves and their actions based on multifarious viewpoints.

ORAL COMMUNICATION POINTERS

Communication is a process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another within and across channels, contexts, media, and cultures.
NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
4. Communication is a process.
5. Communication occurs between two or more people.
6. Communication can be expressed through words, actions, or both at the same time.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
10. Speaker the source of information or message.
11. Message the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions.
12. Encoding the process of converting the message into words, actions or other forms that the speaker understands.
13. Channel the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal or non-verbal, in which the encoded message is conveyed.
14. Decoding the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver.
15. Receiver the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message.
16. Feedback the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver.
17. Context the environment where communication takes place.
18. Barrier - the factors that affect the flow of communication.
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
3. Shannon-Weaver Model depicts communication as a linear or one-way process consisting of five elements: a source, a transmitter, a channel, a receiver, and a destination.
4. Transaction Model a two-way process of communication with the inclusion of feedback as one element.
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
6. Control communication functions to control behavior.
7. Social Interaction communication allows individual to interact with others.
8. Motivation communication motivates or encourages people to live better.
9. Emotional Expression communication facilitates peoples expression of their feelings and emotions.
10. Information Dissemination Communication functions to convey information.
FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 14. Correctness (Things to consider when engaging Verbal Communication)
8. Completeness BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION 6. Appropriateness
9. Conciseness 5. Emotional Barriers 7. Brevity
10. Consideration 6. Use of Jargon 8. Clarity
11. Concreteness 7. Lack of Confidence 9. Ethics
12. Courtesy 8. Noisy Environment 10. Vividness
13. Clearness VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
DEFINITION AND NATURE OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Intercultural Communication is the sending and receiving of messages across languages and cultures.
DMIS Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity
Stage 1. Denial the individual does not recognize cultural differences.
Stage 2. Defense The individual starts to recognize cultural differences and is intimidated by them, resulting in either a superior view on own culture or an unjustified high regard for the new
one.
Stage 3. Minimization Although individuals see cultural differences, they bank more on the universality of ideas rather than on cultural differences.
Stage 4. Acceptance The individual begins to appreciate important cultural differences in behaviors and eventually in values.
Stage 5. Adaptation The individual is very open to world views when accepting new perspectives.
Stage 6. Integration Individuals starts to go beyond their own cultures and see themselves and their actions based on multifarious viewpoints.