Experiment No.2 Aim: To Study The Characteristics of Reflex Klystron Tube and To Determine Its

Radharaman Institutes of Research & Technology Bhopal
Department of Electronics and Communication

Experiment No.2
Aim: To Study the characteristics of reflex Klystron tube and to determine its
electronic tuning range.
Equipments: Klystron Tube, Klystron Power Supply, VSWR Meter, Klystron

Mount, Isolator, Frequency Meter, Variable Attenuator, Slotted Line, Tunable
Probe, Waveguide Stand, Oscilloscope,BNC cable
Theory: The reflex klystron contains a REFLECTOR PLATE, referred to as the

REPELLER, instead of the output cavity used in other types of klystrons. The
electron beam is modulated as it was in the other types of klystrons by passing it
through an oscillating resonant cavity. The feedback required to maintain
oscillations within the cavity is obtained by reversing the beam and sending it
back through the cavity. The electrons in the beam are velocity-modulated before
the beam passes through the cavity the second time and will give up the energy
required to maintain 2-14 oscillations. The electron beam is turned around by a
negatively charged electrode that repels the beam. This negative element is the
repeller mentioned earlier. This type of klystron oscillator is called a reflex
klystron because of the reflex action of the electron beam. The resonator potential
also causes the resonant cavity to begin oscillating at its natural frequency when
the tube is energized. These oscillations cause an electrostatic field across the grid
gap of the cavity that changes direction at the frequency of the cavity. The
changing electrostatic field affects the electrons in the beam as they pass through
the grid gap. Some are accelerated and some are decelerated, depending upon the
polarity of the electrostatic field as they pass through the gap. As a result, the
velocity of the electrons passing through the gap is affected uniformly as a
function of that sine wave. The amount of velocity change is dependent on the
strength and polarity of the grid voltage. The distance the electrons travel in the
space separating the grid and the repeller depends upon their velocity. Those
moving at slower velocities, move only a short distance from the grid before being
affected by the repeller voltage. When this happens, the electron is forced by the
repeller voltage to stop, reverse direction, and return toward the grid. The electron
moving at higher velocities travel further beyond the grid before reversing
direction because they have greater momentum. If the repeller voltage is set at the
correct value, the electrons will form a bunch around the constant-speed
electrons. The electrons will then return to the grid gap at the instant the
electrostatic field is at the correct polarity to cause maximum deceleration of the
bunch and the Klystron will oscillate. The frequency of klystron can be changed
by mechanical tuning i.e changing volume of resonator or by Electronic tuning.
Procedure:
1. Connect the components and equipments as shown
2. Set variable attenuator at min position
3. Set the Mod Switch of Klystron Power Supply at CW position, beam
voltage control knob to fully anticlockwise and reflector voltage knob to
fully clockwise and meter switch to OFF position.
4. Rotate the knob of frequency meter at one side fully.
5. Connect the DC microampere meter with detector.
6. Switch ON the Klystron Power Supply,VSWR meter and cooling fan
7. Put on beam voltage switch and rotate beam voltage knob clockwise slowly
to 300 V meter reading and observe beam current position. The Beam
Current should not increase more than 30 mA.
8. Change the reflector voltage slowly and watch for max deflection in meter.
9. Tune the plunger of Klystron Mount for maximum output
10. Rotate the knob of frequency meter slowly and stop at that position where
there is lowest output current on multimeter.Read directly the frequency
meter between two horizontal lines and vertical marker.
11. Change the reflector voltage and read current and frequency for each
reflector voltage

Experiment No.2 Aim: To Study The Characteristics of Reflex Klystron Tube and To Determine Its

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Experiment No.2 Aim: To Study The Characteristics of Reflex Klystron Tube and To Determine Its

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Radharaman Institutes of Research & Technology Bhopal

Department of Electronics and Communication

Equipments: Klystron Tube, Klystron Power Supply, VSWR Meter, Klystron

Theory: The reflex klystron contains a REFLECTOR PLATE, referred to as the

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