AHGW Tool Wells and Time Series
AHGW Tool Wells and Time Series
AHGW Tool Wells and Time Series
The Arc Hydro Groundwater Tools help to import, edit, and manage groundwater data
stored in an AHGW geodatabase. This tutorial illustrates how to use the tools to manage
well data and time series data (transient water level measurements) associated with wells.
A basic familiarity with the AHGW data model is suggested, but not required, prior to
beginning this tutorial.
1.1 Outline
In this tutorial, we will be working with groundwater data from the Panhandle region of
Texas. We will complete the following tasks:
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The AHGW Tools requires that you have a compatible ArcGIS service pack installed. You
may wish to check the AHGW Tools documentation to find the appropriate service pack
for your version of the tools. Spatial Analyst is required for one portion of the tutorial
involving interpolation. If you do not have Spatial Analyst, you can skip that portion of the
tutorial. The tutorial files should be downloaded to your computer and saved on a local
drive.
2 Getting Started
Before opening our map, lets ensure that the AHGW Tools are correctly configured.
3. Make sure the Arc Hydro Groundwater Toolboxes is loaded. If it is not, add the
toolboxe by right-clicking anywhere in the ArcToolbox window and selecting the
Add Toolbox command. Browse to the top level of the Catalog and then browse
down to the Toolboxes|System Toolboxes directory. Select the toolbox and select
the Open button.
4. Expand the Arc Hydro Groundwater Tools item and then expand the
Groundwater Analyst toolset to expose the tools we will be using in this tutorial.
Note that many of the GP tools in the AHGW Toolbox can also be accessed from the
AHGW Toolbar. The toolbar contains additional user interface components not available
in the toolbox. If the toolbar is not visible, do the following:
5. Right-click on any visible toolbar and select the Arc Hydro Groundwater Toolbar
item.
When using geoprocessing tools you can set the tools to overwrite outputs by default, and
automatically add results to the map/scene. To set these options:
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1. Select the File | Open command and browse to the location on your local drive
where you have saved the AHGW tutorials. Browse to the Groundwater Analyst |
wells and time series folder and open the file entitled lubbock_wells.mxd.
Once the file has loaded you will see a map of the Panhandle region of North Texas. The
filled polygon represents the boundary of the Ogallala aquifer in Texas. This data was
obtained from the Texas Water Development Board Groundwater Database
(http://www.twdb.state.tx.us/publications/reports/groundwaterreports/gwdatabasereports/g
wdatabaserpt.htm).
1. In the AHGW Toolbar, select the Arc Hydro GW | Text Import command.
2. In the wells and time series folder, select and open the lubbock_well_data.txt
file.
3. At the top of the File Import Wizard, turn on the Comma toggle and turn off the
Space toggle in the column delimiters section.
5. Turn on the Heading row toggle. This indicates that the first row contains headers
for the data.
At this point, the dialog should look like the example shown in Figure 2.
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In the next step of the wizard we indicate the type of data we are importing and specify
how each of the columns in the file is linked to fields in the target feature class or table
(Well in this case). The contents of the file are shown in the table at the bottom of the
dialog. For each column that we wish to import, we will select the appropriate field name
in the Type row. By default, <not mapped> is selected for each column indicating that the
column will not be imported to a field in the Well feature class.
7. Make sure that the Well option is selected in the Create Features/Rows in: combo
box.
9. Repeat the previous step to create the following relationships (you will need to
scroll to the right to see some of the fields):
Header Type
state_well_number HydroCode
lat_dec Y
long_dec X
aquifer_id1 AquiferCode
elev_of_lsd LandElev
well_type FType
well_depth WellDepth
10. Select the Finish button to complete the import process.
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12. Select the Zoom In tool and drag a box around the wells.
1. In the Table of Contents, right-click on the Well layer and select the Properties
command.
2. Click on the Symbology tab in the Layer Properties dialog, and change the
selected options to match those shown in Figure 3 (Change the Show: option to
Categories | Unique values. Choose FType as the value field and click the Add
All Values button.).
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Notice that most of the wells are withdrawal (W) wells. To map wells by type using the
Filter:
4. Make sure the Well layer is selected in the ArcMap Table of Contents (TOC). The
filter will be built for the selected layer.
5. In the AHGW Toolbar, click on the down arrow in the first combo box just to the
right of the Field label on the right side of the AHGW Toolbar and select FType.
6. Click on the down arrow in the second combo box to the right of the Field label
and select W. (Note: this sets up a new definition query for the selected layer and
overwrites any existing definition queries).
Note that the two Field filters can be used to set up a definition query for any field/value
combination for any map layer.
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6 Assigning HydroIDs
Each feature in an Arc Hydro geodatabase should have an identifier that is unique across
the entire geodatabase, not just within a feature class. This unique ID is called the
HydroID. The HydroID is used to build relationships between feature classes and/or
tables. For example, we will use the HydroIDs of the wells to relate the wells to the
corresponding water level measurements in the TimeSeries table.
In a typical project, one would normally use the Assign HydroID GW tool in the
Groundwater Analyst toolset to generate unique HydroIDs for new features. This tool
necessitates some additional steps to relate the wells to the time series data we will import
in the next step. Therefore, in order to keep this tutorial simple we will copy over the
values in the HydroCode field to the HydroID field. This will result in unique integer IDs
for this exercise. To copy the values:
1. Right-click on the Well layer in the ArcMap Table of Contents window and select
Open Attribute Table.
2. Right-click on the HydroID field and select the Field Calculator command. Click
Yes if necessary at the warning about an edit session.
3. In the Fields section of the Field Calculator, double-click on the HydroCode item.
You should see that the values in the HydroID field match the values in the HydroCode
field.
Once again, we will use the Text Import Wizard to import the data.
1. In the AHGW Toolbar, select the Arc Hydro GW | Text Import command.
2. In the wells and time series folder, select and open the lubbock_water_levels.txt
file.
3. Turn off the Space toggle, turn on the Comma toggle, turn off the Treat
consecutive delimiters as one toggle, and turn on the Heading row toggle as
shown in Figure 4.
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5. Make sure that the TimeSeries option is selected in the Create Features/Rows in:
combo box.
6. Double-click on the <not mapped> items in the Type row and create the following
relationships as shown in Figure 5:
Header Type
state_well_number FeatureID
depth_from_lsd TsValue
Date_Time TsTime
7. Click Finish to exit the wizard.
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1. Click on the List by Source button (ArcGIS 10) or Source tab (ArcGIS 9.3) in the
Table of Contents (TOC) window.
Notice that two of the fields contain null values. We can populate these fields using the
Field Calculator. First, we will populate the VarID field. This field is typically used to
identify the type of time series and is an index to a separate VariableDefinition table. The
VariableDefinition table includes a record for each of the different types of time series
stored in the TimeSeries table (e.g. Water level measurement, TCE Concentration,
etc.) and provides information about the units of measurements. To keep this exercise
simple, we will not be using a VariableDefinition table and we will just have one type of
measurement in our table (water level).
3. Right-click on the VarID field in TimeSeries table and select the Field Calculator
command.
The VarID field should now contain values of 1 for all the rows in the table.
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Next, we will make an adjustment to the water level measurements in the TimeSeries table.
The water levels we imported to the TsValue field are actually depths measured from the
top of the well and are expressed as negative values. To get a field representing actual
elevations, we will use the field calculator and add the negative depths to the well
elevations. This will require a temporary join. We will put the adjusted elevation values
into a field called TSValue_normalized.
8. Right-click on the TimeSeries table and select Joins and Relates | Join
9. Select FeatureID for 1, Well for 2, and HydroID for 3, as shown in Figure 6.
10. Click on the OK button to complete the join. (if prompt to create an index during
the join, select Yes)
Figure 6 Join options for joining Well features to the TimeSeries table.
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11. Right-click on the TimeSeries table and select the Open command.
12. Right-click on the TsValue_normalized field and select the Field Calculator
command (click Yes if necessary at the warning about an edit session).
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17. Right-click on the TimeSeries table and select Joins and Relates | Remove Join(s)
| Well.
1. Double-click on the Make Time Series Statistics tool in the AHGW Toolbox |
Groundwater Analyst toolset.
2. Enter the input options/selections as shown in Figure 8. For the Output Feature
Class option, browse to the location on your local drive where the tutorial files are
located and open the Lubbock_wells geodatabase so that the new features are
created inside the geodatabase. Type water_level_all as the name of your new
feature class.
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Figure 8 Input options for the Make Time Series Statistics tool.
4. Once the tool has completed its processing, select the Close button to close the
geoprocessing window.
You should now see a new set of wells displayed on the map (if the new layer does not
appear in the map browse to it and load it using the Add Data command).
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1. Uncheck the Well layer to hide that layer. Only wells with transient data will still
be visible in the map.
3. Edit the selection in the Symbology tab of the Layer Properties dialog to match
what is shown in Figure 9. Change the Show: option to Quantities | Graduated
Colors; change the Value: field to FREQUENCY and change the Classes setting
to 4. To change the symbol sizes, double-click on each of the symbols and edit the
Size value. Use 4.0 for the smallest symbol and 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0 for the three
larger symbols.
4. Click OK to exit.
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2. Edit the options in the Time Series Grapher Setup dialog to match those shown in
Figure 10.
Notice that the cursor has changed. We can now create a new graph simply by clicking on
wells.
A new plot window should appear (similar to the one shown in Figure 11). You may wish
to reposition the window. You can right-click on the graph to modify the plot using the
standard graphing options.
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Figure 11 Example of a plot generated with the Time Series Grapher tool
Note that subsequent well data are inserted as additional series to the current graph. To
create a new graph, you can simply close the current graph and click on a new set of
points. Each graph is stored with the map and can be re-opened using the Tools | Graphs
menu command.
6. Click on any tool (e.g. the Select Features tool ) to deactivate the Time Series
Grapher tool.
1. Double-click on the Make Time Series Statistics tool in the AHGW Toolbox |
Groundwater Analyst.
2. Enter the input options/selections as shown in Figure 12. For the Output Feature
Class option, browse to the location on your local drive where the tutorial files are
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located and open the Lubbock_wells geodatabase. Type wl_q1_2000 as the name
of your new feature class and click Save.
4. Once the tool has completed its processing, select the Close button to close the
geoprocessing window.
Figure 12 Input options for the Make Time Series Statistics tool.
You should now see a new set of wells displayed on the map. To simplify the map display:
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1. Double-click on the IDW tool in ArcToolbox (located in the Spatial Analyst Tools
| Interpolation).
2. Enter the set of options shown in Figure 13. For the Output raster option, change
the name of the output raster to wl_2000. Be sure to set the location of the raster
such that it is in the rasters folder one level above the geodatabase. This ensures
that the next step will not result in an error.
4. Expand the Processing Extent (ArcGIS 10) or General Settings (ArcGIS 9.3)
section and change the Extent option to Same as layer lubbock_county. This will
cause the interpolation to extend out the limits of a rectangle including all of
Lubbock County.
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5. Scroll down and expand the Raster Analysis Settings section and change the Mask
option to lubbock_county. This will clip the raster to the actual boundary of
Lubbock County.
9. You should see a new raster layer called q1_2000 at the bottom of the TOC
window. To make it visible on the map, drag it up just above the Counties layer.
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You should see a RasterSeries layer added to the map and a grayscale version of the raster
is displayed. You can right-click on the RasterSeries layer and edit the symbology to select
a new color ramp if you wish. To view the contents of the raster catalog:
5. Right-click on the RasterSeries layer and select the Open Attribute Table item.
1. In Arc Toolbox, right click anywhere in the window, and select Add Toolbox
option. An interface will open that allows you to add existing toolboxes or to
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create a new toolbox. Select the New Toolbox button (on the upper right). A
new toolbox should be added to the toolbox list. Select the new toolbox and select
the Open command. A new empty toolbox should be added to the Arc Toolbox
window.
2. Select the new toolbox, right click and select New Model. A new empty model
should be added to the toolbox.
3. Drag the Make Time Series Statistics tool into the model (you can also drag the
tool from the Results tab, this way you will already have the parameters defined in
the previous run set for the model).
You can expose tool parameters as model parameters. In this example we will set the input
feature classes, tables, and fields as constants and only expose the start date, end date, and
output features as model parameters.
4. Select the Make Time Series Statistics tool in the model, right click and select
Make Variable | From Parameter | Start Date. The Start Date parameter should
appear in the model as a circle
6. The parameters may appear on top of each other, you can select the Auto Layout
button to reorganize the parameters in the model display.
7. Select the Start Date parameter, right click, and select the Model Parameter
option. A P should appear beside the Start Date parameter. Do the same for the
End Date and Output Feature Class parameters. You model should look like the
one shown in Figure 16. Save your model.
Figure 16 Creating a model including the Make Time Series Statistics tool
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8. Double click on the Make Time Series Statistics tool in the model. This should
expose the tool parameters.
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11. Save the model and close it and then reopen it from the toolbox (by double clicking
on the model) you will see only the Start Date, End Date, and Output Feature
Class parameters exposed as input parameters. The rest of the parameters are
defined in the model and will remain constant.
12. Set the Start Date to 1/1/2001 and the End Date to 3/31/2001.
13. Set the Output Feature Class by browsing to the lubbock_wells geodatabase and
name the new feature class wl_q1_2001.
Your model should look the same as the model shown in Figure 18
A new layer should be added to the map representing the mean water level for the first
quarter of 2001.
If you want to run this process for multiple years you can batch process the model.
In the Batch grid input the following parameters, as shown in Figure 19. By running
the model in batch mode you will create a new feature class for the first quarter of
each year from 2002 to 2005 (to add a new row to the batch grid you simply select the
icon).
Start Date End Date Output Feature Class
1/1/2002 3/31/2002 \lubbock_wells.mdb\wl_q1_2002
1/1/2003 3/31/2003 \lubbock_wells.mdb\wl_q1_2003
1/1/2004 3/31/2004 \lubbock_wells.mdb\wl_q1_2004
1/1/2005 3/31/2005 \lubbock_wells.mdb\wl_q1_2005
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By creating more complex models and scripts you can automate the process of creating
water level maps and generate a sequence of maps for different time periods. These maps
could then be animated using the ArcGIS Animation tools. See the Arc Hydro
Groundwater Tools | Sample Utilities and Arc Toolbox | Samples for sample models and
scripts.
At this point your tool should be similar to the one shown in Figure 20.
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At this point, the arrows should be added to the raster. To experiment with the settings,
you can click the Clear button to remove the current arrows and Generate to build new
arrows.
17 Conclusion
This concludes the tutorial. Here are some of the key concepts in this tutorial:
The Text Import Wizard is used to quickly import wells and time series data into
an AHGW geodatabase.
The Make Time Series Statistics tool is used to identify wells with transient data
and to illustrate the frequency of the data.
The Make Time Series Statistics tool is used to map statistics (e.g. mean, min,
max) values for a specific time intervals. This output can then be interpolated to a
raster to generate water level maps.
The Flow Direction Generator tool is used to create a map of flow directions.
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