Guided Notes - Recon

Name __________________________________________________________ Aven - ______________
Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson president after Lincoln assassination; from Tennessee; impeached in
1868
Radical Republicans Congressmen who took an uncompromising approach to the South

after the Civil War
Scalawag nickname for southerners who supported Republicans and their efforts during
Reconstruction
Carpetbagger northerner who moved to the South to become involved in politics;

distrusted by southerners
13th Amendment outlawed slavery in the United States
14th Amendment granted citizenship to all people born in the United States (not Native
Americans)
15th Amendment voting rights cannot be denied due to race, color, or previous condition
of servitude
Westward Expansion Continues
_________________________ Act May 1862

o Passed during Civil War to dismantle _________________________in the West
o Gave settlers 160 _________________ of western land had to live on it and farm it
o Opportunity for poor, former ________________, & free blacks to own land and
have independence
_____________________ Act July 1862

o Land grants from the government for states to build agricultural
_______________________
o Innovations and inventions from educated farmers could improve farming
(without slavery)
o Opportunity for farmers and working people to achieve ___________________
education
Pacific Railway Act 1862

o Government supports the building of the Transcontinental
________________________
o Finished in 1869 allowed western settlement and opened new markets for
goods
Reconstruction 1865-1877
Period of time after the Civil War
o Efforts to ____________________ the political, social, and economic structure of the
South
o Incorporate former ___________________ into free society
Challenges
o How will southern states reenter the Union? Can the nation be reunited?
o How can the southern economy recover? What labor system will replace
slavery?
o How will former slaves survive? Will former slaves receive equal citizenship
rights?
Presidential Reconstruction
Lincoln: hoped for a compassionate reunion; envisioned a forgiving nation that could
move forward
_________ Plan pardons offered to any confederate who swore an oath of loyalty to
the U.S.
o states can reenter once 10% of their people were __________________________
Freedmens Bureau (1865-1872)
o Helped former slaves _______________________ into a free society
o Provided food, clothing, medical support, and ______________________
Congressional Opposition: ________________________ Republicans believed the South

must be punished
o Lincolns Plan would allow the planter class to regain power
Johnsons Plan
May 1865: Lincoln is assassinated and Andrew ____________________ (Tennessee)

becomes president
Plan: pardon to all white southerners except Confederate ____________________ and

wealthy planters
o States could _________________ new representatives and form new governments
o States had to ratify the 13th _____________________________ (outlawing slavery)
o Southern land seized during the war returned to _________________________ owners
o ___________________ southerners in charge of transition out of slavery
Former slaves given no role or political power
Black Codes: laws passed severely restricting legal rights and economic opportunities
of freedmen
o Many ex-confederate leaders returned to ________________ in state and local

governments
o Designed to limit the effects of the _________ amendment
o ___________ taxes; no serving on juries; no owning a weapon; vagrancy; no public

assembly
Radical Republicans ______________ to seat former confederates in Congress and take

over reconstruction
Congressional Reconstruction
Passed the 13, 14, and 15 _____________________________
Radicals fought to prevent white _____________________ from controlling the South
Civil Rights Act of ______________
o Granted ___________________________ to all people born in the United States
o Granted all citizens certain ___________________ under the law
o First time Congress protected __________________ minorities
o _______________ by Johnson, _________________________ by Congress led to 14th

Amendment
14th Amendment (1868)

o Granted citizenship to all people born in the United States
o All citizens get equal protection and _________ ______________________ regardless

of race
o Passed to combat southern Black _________________
o _________________________ the Dred Scott Decision from 1857
o Most southern states ______________________ to ____________________ it
Military Reconstruction
o Divided South into 5 ______________________ districts under military _____________
o Required state governments to ratify 14th amendment
o Barred ex-confederates from ___________________
o Required states to allow _____________________ slaves (adult males) to vote
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
o After vetoing ________ bills Johnson was impeached for firing a cabinet member
o One vote short of being ________________________ from office
o Mostly powerless for the rest of his term
President Ulysses S. Grant
o Elected in 1868 as a __________________________ elected largely by southern

black voters
o Worked with Radical Republicans to continue Reconstruction
15th Amendment (1870)
o No citizen denied the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous

condition of servitude
o Passed to protect voting rights of African American men ______________ still not
granted suffrage
African Americans elected in the South
o ________ black candidates were elected to the U.S. _________________ of Reps. In

1870
o Hiram Rhodes _________________ first African American senator; from Mississippi
o No other African American elected to U.S. Senate until ____________
Life in the South
South was ruined physically and ___________________________________ after the war

______________ failed; businesses were bankrupt; railroads, farms, home were
destroyed; crop failures
Infrastructure Spending
o Government money spent on _____________________________ cities, railroads, and
buildings
o Southern whites hated the _______________ required for rebuilding
o Already furious about political and __________________ changes
o Blamed Radical Republicans for their troubles
Sharecropping
o Replaced slave labor; land owner __________________ land equipment to former
slaves
o Led to a cycle of _____________ that kept them in ______________________
Ku Klux Klan
o Secret society established by white supremacists to ________________________
freedmen
o Targeted African Americans and anyone supporting/helping them
End of Reconstruction
Radical Republicans lose power
o Scandal and ________________________ cause Grant and Republicans to lose power
o Panic of 1873 ________________ market crash caused unemployment
o Groups like the KKK ____________________ republican voting in the South
Election of ______________
o Voting was disputed between Republican (Rutherford Hayes) and Democrat

(Samuel Tilden)
Compromise of 1877
o Unwritten, informal agreement that basically ________________ reconstruction
o Hayes is president in exchange for ______________________ all federal troops from

the South
Redemption southern __________________________ back in power
o Cut funding for public education; restricted voting rights; passed

_________________________ laws
Equality and Race Relations
__________ Crow laws passed all over the country, even in North, limiting rights of
African Americans
Lynching unlawful execution by __________________, usually by a mob, of someone

accused of a crime
o Thousands of African Americans are lynched after Reconstruction & into

__________ century
Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s
o Nearly 100 years passed before racial ___________________________ were

addressed again
Womens Rights
o The 15th amendment did not apply to women
o _________ amendment (1920) finally gave women constitutional

_____________________
Native Americans
o ________________ Act (1877) allowed the president to break up reservations into

small sections
Goal was to force natives to become farmers and abandon

_________________ society
Lost most of their land and remaining freedom
o Attempt to __________________________ them into American society

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Name __________________________________________________________ Aven - ______________

Radical Republicans Congressmen who took an uncompromising approach to the South

Carpetbagger northerner who moved to the South to become involved in politics;

13th Amendment outlawed slavery in the United States

Westward Expansion Continues

_________________________ Act May 1862

_____________________ Act July 1862

Pacific Railway Act 1862

o states can reenter once 10% of their people were __________________________

Freedmens Bureau (1865-1872)

o Helped former slaves _______________________ into a free society

o Provided food, clothing, medical support, and ______________________

Congressional Opposition: ________________________ Republicans believed the South

o Lincolns Plan would allow the planter class to regain power

May 1865: Lincoln is assassinated and Andrew ____________________ (Tennessee)

Plan: pardon to all white southerners except Confederate ____________________ and

o States had to ratify the 13th _____________________________ (outlawing slavery)

o Southern land seized during the war returned to _________________________ owners

o ___________________ southerners in charge of transition out of slavery

Former slaves given no role or political power

o Many ex-confederate leaders returned to ________________ in state and local

o Designed to limit the effects of the _________ amendment

o ___________ taxes; no serving on juries; no owning a weapon; vagrancy; no public

Radical Republicans ______________ to seat former confederates in Congress and take

Passed the 13, 14, and 15 _____________________________

Radicals fought to prevent white _____________________ from controlling the South

Civil Rights Act of ______________

o Granted ___________________________ to all people born in the United States

o Granted all citizens certain ___________________ under the law

o First time Congress protected __________________ minorities

o _______________ by Johnson, _________________________ by Congress led to 14th

14th Amendment (1868)

o All citizens get equal protection and _________ ______________________ regardless

o Passed to combat southern Black _________________

o _________________________ the Dred Scott Decision from 1857

o Most southern states ______________________ to ____________________ it

o Divided South into 5 ______________________ districts under military _____________

o Required state governments to ratify 14th amendment

o Barred ex-confederates from ___________________

o Required states to allow _____________________ slaves (adult males) to vote

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

o One vote short of being ________________________ from office

o Mostly powerless for the rest of his term

President Ulysses S. Grant

o Elected in 1868 as a __________________________ elected largely by southern

o Worked with Radical Republicans to continue Reconstruction

15th Amendment (1870)

o No citizen denied the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous

o ________ black candidates were elected to the U.S. _________________ of Reps. In

o Hiram Rhodes _________________ first African American senator; from Mississippi

o No other African American elected to U.S. Senate until ____________

Life in the South

South was ruined physically and ___________________________________ after the war

Radical Republicans lose power

o Scandal and ________________________ cause Grant and Republicans to lose power

o Panic of 1873 ________________ market crash caused unemployment

o Groups like the KKK ____________________ republican voting in the South

o Voting was disputed between Republican (Rutherford Hayes) and Democrat

o Unwritten, informal agreement that basically ________________ reconstruction

Name ____________________________________________ Aven -

o _ by Johnson, ___________ by Congress led to 14th

o All citizens get equal protection and _ ______________ regardless

o Most southern states __ to it

o Divided South into 5 __________ districts under military _

o black candidates were elected to the U.S. _________ of Reps. In