Maerz Classroom
Maerz Classroom
Maerz Classroom
-.
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
.
1. Limestone, Lime and Dolomite tive heat transferto the core.A temperatureof 900 C hasto
be reachedin the coreat leastfor a shortperiodof time since
Lime is one of the key elements in life. This natural raw mate- the atmosphere insidethe materialis pureCO,.Thestonesur-
rial is involved in the production of the majority of modem face mustbe heatedto greaterthan 900 C to maintainthe
products. The production of iron and steel, gold, silver, copper requiredtemperaturegradient and overcomethe insulating
and plastics as well as many chemical products and foodstuffs, effect of the calcinedmaterialon the stonesurface.Whenpro-
just to mention a few, requires lime and, to a lesser extent, ducing soft-burnt lime the surfacetemperaturemust not
dolomite. The most important fields of application for lime and exceed1100to 1150C asotherwisere-crystallisation of the
dolomitic lime are: CaOwill occurandresultin lowerreactivity and thusreduced
lron and steel slakingpropertiesof the burnt product.
Non-ferrous metals
Building industry A certainretentionor residencetimeisrequiredto transferheat
Pulp and paper from the combustiongasesto the surfaceof the stoneand
Chemical industry then from the surfaceto the coreof the stone.Largerstones
PCC - Precipitated calcium carbonate requirelongertimeto calcinatethan smallerones.In principal,
Sugar calciningat highertemperatures reducesthe retentiontime
Glass needed.However,too high temperatures will adverselyaffect
Flue gas desulphurisation the reactivity of the product.The relationbetweenburning
Agriculture temperatureand retentiontime requiredfor different stone
.
se
Soil stabilisation sizesis shownin the followingtable.
ru
he
Water treatment
ot
ny
fo y.
World wide more than 120 milliontonsper year of lime and 50 1200 0.7
r r rp
ne pu
.
size may be as high as 180 mm provided the burning zone as
se
kilns are restricted by economic factors. The relation between
ru
well as the feeding and discharge equipment have been ade- he
the cost to install a large kiln and a small kiln is not linear. It
ot
quately designed for it.
ny
fo y.
per ton of burnt lime are higher on small kilns than they are on
ui es
As for all types of vertical shaft kilns the use of hard, non-
ne pu
the fact that the shafts of the PFR-Kiln are virtually a pipe
op r i
This means that also soft limestone can be calcined in the PFR-
7.2 Product Quality
Kiln.
l In case the limestone has a tendency to decrepitate during the
7.2.1 Residual CO,
The PFR-Kiln allows the production of lime and dolomitic lime
calcining process an increased percentage of fines will be gene-
with residual CO, figures as low as 0.5%, in certain cases even
rated. The installation of so called air cannons in the crossover
lower. The steel industry, the biggest consumer of lime and
channel area where dust particles could stick to the refractory
dolomitic lime, generally asks for residual CO, contents of less
lining facilitates the calcination of soft and decrepitating
than 2%.
stone.
7.2.2 Reactivity
High quality limestone and dolomite with consistent chemical
The parallel flow of material and combustion gases during the
properties is often not available or is scarce. Varying contents
calcining process is the ideal condition to produce high reacti-
of carbonates and impurities can result in the production of
ve lime and dolomitic lime as required for most applications.
overbumt or underbumt product with inconsistent values for
For special applications such as the production of porous con-
residual CO, and loss on ignition. For such cases a folly auto-
Crete,lime with medium or low reactivity is required. By adap-
matic temperature control system of the Maerz PFR-Kiln may
ting operating parameters, such as excess air ratio and heat
be implemented to adjust the heat input to maintain uniform
input, medium burnt lime can be produced in the PFR-Kiln
quality of the calcined product.
with adequate quality of the raw stone. The production of hard
burnt lime, however, is in general not possible in this type of
kiln.
16 .
ru
se
.
.
!