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INCH-POUND

RR-C-271D
25 September 1990
SUPERSEDING
RR-C-271C
17 July 1986
(See 6.7)

FEDERAL SPECIFICATION

CHAINS AND ATTACHMENTS, WELDED AND WELDLESS

This specification is approved by the Commissioner, Federal Supply Service,

General Services Administration, for the use of all Federal agencies.

1. SCOPE AND CLASSIFICATION

1.1 Scope. This specification covers welded and weldless chain of

commercial quality together with sundry attachments more commonly used with
this chain.

1.1.1 Federal specification coverage. Federal specifications do not

include all types, grades, classes, and styles of the commodities indicated
by the title of the specification, or which are commercially available, but
are intended to cover the types, that are suitable for Federal Government
requirements.

1.2 Classification.

1.2.1 Chain. Chain types, classes and styles are classified as follows
(see 6.2):

Type I - Chain, welded steel.

Class 1 - Alloy chain.

Class 2 - High test chain.
Class 4 - Proof coil chain.
Class 5 - Twist link chain.

Style 1 - Long-link pattern (coil).

Style 2 - Short-link pattern (machine).

Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any

pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should
be addressed to: Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command, SEA 55Z3.
Department of the Navy, Washington, DC 20362-5101 by using the
self-addressed Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form
1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter.

AMSC N/A FSC 4010

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is
unlimited.
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Type II - Chain, weldless.

Class 1 - Single-loop pattern.

Class 2 - Double-loop pattern.
Class 3 - Sash chain.
Class 4 - Flat-link chain.
Class 5 - Bead chain.
Class 6 - Safety chain.
Class 7 - Single-Jack chain.
Class 8 - Double-Jack chain.
Class 9 - Ladder chain.
Class 10 - Register chain.
Class 11 - Mechanical communication chain.

1.2.2 Attachments. Attachments types, grades and classes are classified

as follows (see 6.2):

Type II - Connecting links.

Type III - Repair or end lap links.
Type IV - Shackles.
Type IVA - Anchor shackles.

Grade A - Regular.

Class 1 - Round pin.

Class 2 - Screw pin.
Class 3 - Safety (bolt and nut).

Grade B - High strength.

Class 1 - Round pin.

Class 2 - Screw pin.
Class 3 - Safety (bolt and nut).

Type IVB - Chain shackles.

Grade A - Regular.

Class 1 - Round pin.

Class 2 - Screw pin.
Class 3 - Safety (bolt and nut).

Grade B - High strength.

Class 1 - Round pin.

Class 2 - Screw pin.
Class 3 - Safety (bolt and nut).

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RR-C-271D

Type V - Hooks.

Class 1 - Slip hooks with direct eye.

Class 2 - Grab hooks with direct eye (standard).
Class 3 - Hoist or sling hooks with direct eye.
Class 6 - Barrel hooks.

Type VI - Rings.

Type VII - Swivels.

Class 1 - Chain swivel.

Class 2 - Eye and eye swivel.
Class 3 - Jaw and eye swivel.

Type IX - Bead chain fasteners.

Type X - Bead chain couplings.
Type XI - Bead chain insulating coupling.
Type XIII - Pear shaped links.
Type XIV - Connecting links.
Type XV - End links.

1.3 Numerical units.

1.3.1 Metric units. Metric units are used in the following: type I, class
I, welded steel alloy chain (see table IIA); type I, class 2, welded steel
high test chain (see table IIIA); and type I, class 4, welded steel proof
coil chain (see table IVA). Expressing values in metric units has been
included for acquisition. When replacement of previously installed chain
requires exact measurements, the inch-pound measurements provided in tables
II, III, and IV respectively should be used.

1.3.2 Inch-pound system. The weights and measures in the inch-pound

system are to be regarded as the standard.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 The following documents, of the issue in effect on date of invitation

for bids or request for proposal, form a part of the specification to the
extent specified herein:

Federal Specifications:

TT-V-51 - Varnish: Asphalt.

PPP-B-636 - Boxes, Shipping, Fiberboard.
PPP-F-320 - Fiberboard: Corrugated and Solid Sheet Stock
(Container Grade) and Cut Shapes.

Federal Standards:

FED-STD-H28 - Screw Thread Standards for Federal Services.

FED-STD-123 - Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies).

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RR-C-271D

(Activities outside the Federal Government may obtain copies of Federal

specifications, standards, and Commercial Item Descriptions as outlined under
General Information in the Index of Federal Specifications, Standards, and
Commercial Item Descriptions. The Index, which includes cumulative bimonthly
supplements as issued, is for sale on a subscription basis by the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402.)

(Copies of listed federal and military standards, specifications,

Commercial Item Descriptions (CIDs), handbooks and associated documents
listed in the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards
(DODISS), should be obtained from the DOD Single Stock Point, Commanding
Officer, Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue,
Philadelphia, PA 19120. Copies of industry association documents should be
obtained from the sponsor. Copies of all other listed documents should be
obtained from the contracting activity or as directed by the contracting
officer.)

(Federal Government activities may obtain copies of Federal standardization

documents and the Index of Federal Specifications, Standards, and Commercial
Item Descriptions from established distribution points in their agencies.)

Military Specifications:

MIL-P-116 - Preservation, Methods of.

MIL-L-19140 - Lumber and Plywood, Fire-Retardant Treated.

Military Standards:

MIL-STD-1186 - Cushioning, Anchoring, Bracing, Blocking

and Waterproofing; with Appropriate Test
Methods.
MIL-STD-2073-1 - DoD Materiel Procedures for Development and
Application of Packaging Requirements.

(Copies of military specifications and standards required by contractors in

connection with specific acquisition functions should be obtained from the
contracting activity or as directed by the contracting officer.)

2.2 Other publications. The following documents form a part of this

specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated,
the issue in effect on date of invitation for bids or request for proposal
shall apply.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

A143 - Standard Practice for Safeguarding Against
Embrittlement of Hot-Dip Galvanized Structural Steel
Products and Procedure for Detecting Embrittlement.
(DoD adopted)
A153 - Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on
Iron and Steel Hardware. (DoD adopted)
A304 - Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Bars Subject
to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements. (DoD
adopted)

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RR-C-271D

ASTM (Continued)
A 322 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy,
Standard Grades. (DoD adopted)
A 466 - Standard Specification for Weldless Carbon Steel
Chain.
A 467 - Standard Specification for Machine and Coil Chain.
A 576 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-
Wrought, Special Quality. (DoD adopted)
B 633 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings
of Zinc on Iran and Steel. (DoD adopted)
B 695 - Standard Specification for Coatings of Zinc
Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel.
D 3951 - Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging. (DoD
adopted)

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for

Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.)

(Non-Government standards and other publications are normally available

from the organizations that prepare or distribute the documents. These
documents also may be available in or through libraries or other
informational services.)

2.3 Order of precedence. In the event of,a conflict between the text of
this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document
takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable
laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

3. REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Material.

3.1.1 Type I, chain, welded steel.

3.1.1.1 General. The material for type I steel chain shall conform to the
chemical composition shown in table I.

TABLE I. Chemical composition.

Maximum
amount

Element Percent


Carbon 1 0.35
Phosphorous .05
Sulfur .05
Silicon .35

1 Steel with carbon 0.50 (maximum) is permitted for attachments or

attachment parts, types II to VII, inclusive, provided the fabrication is
done without welding.

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3.1.1.2 Type I, steel.

3.1.1.2.1 Type I, class 1, alloy chain (type V, class 1, 2, 3, and 6

hooks: Type VI, rings; and type XIII, year shaped links) and type XIV,
connecting links. Type I, class 1 material shall be an alloy steel made in
accordance with ASTM A 322 or ASTM A 304. Any one of the compositions in
accordance with ASTM A 322 or ASTM A 304 that meets the requirements as shown
in table I may be used. The chain and attachments shall be heat-treated, as
required, to produce the physical requirements as specified in tables II,
IIA, XVIII, XIX, XX and XXI.

3.1.1.2.2 Type I, class 2, high-test chain. Type I, class 2 material

shall be carbon steel made in accordance with ASTM A 576. Any one of the
compositions in accordance with ASTM A 576 that meets the requirements of
table I may be used. The chain shall be heat-treated, as required, to
produce the physical requirements specified in tables III and IIIA.

3.1.1.2.3 Type I, classes 4 and 5 chain (Type II, connecting links; type
III, repair or end lap link; and type VII swivels) and type XV, end links.
Type I, classes 4 and 5 chain and attachments, material shall be carbon steel
made in accordance with ASTM A 576, which meets the requirements shown in
table I. The chain and attachments shall be treated, as required by the
physical requirements specified in tables IV, IVA, IX, X, XXII, XXIII, and
XXIV.

3.1.1.2.4 Type IV, shackles. Type IV, grade A shackles and grade B
shackles shall be made of carbon or alloy steel conforming respectively to
ASTM A 576 or ASTM A 322. The limitation in the chemical composition shall
be as specified in table IA.

TABLE IA. Chemical composition.

Maximum
Element percent


Carbon 0.45
Phosphorous .04
Sulphur .045
Silicon .35

3.1.2 Type II, chain, weldless. Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 shall

be made of steel, bronze, or brass, as specified (see 6.2). Class 6 shall be
made of either steel, brass, or aluminum, as specified (see 6.2). Class 11
shall be made of brass.

3.1.3 Recovered materials. The offeror/contractor is encouraged to use

recovered materials in accordance with Public Law 94-580 to the maximum
extent practicable.

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3.2 Methods of fabrication.

3.2.1 Type I, chain, welded. Type I, class 1, alloy steel chain shall be
in accordance with ASTM A 322 or ASTM A 304. Other type I steel chain shall
be in accordance with ASTM A 576.

3.3 Finish.

3.3.1 General. When specified (see 6.2), the following finishes for chain
and attachments are available and may be substituted for those hereinafter
specified:

(a) Self-colored (uncoated).

(b) Bright finish (uncoated).
(c) Blacked finish.
(d) Zinc-coated.

3.3.1.1 Type I, chain, welded. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2),

chain up to 3/4 inch in size with the exception of type I, class 5, shall be
provided self-colored. Type I, class 5 shall be provided in bright finish.
The 3/4-inch chain size and larger shall be a blacked finish. Blacked finish
shall consist of one coat of asphalt varnish in accordance with TT-V-51. The
coating shall not be applied until after all required inspections and tests
have been completed and it has been ascertained that the chain otherwise
conforms to this specification.

3.3.1.2 Type II, chain. weldless. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2),
the chain shall be bright-finished.

3.3.1.3 Attachments. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2), attachments,

except type IV, shackles, type V, class 1, 2, 3, and 6 hooks, and type VII
swivels, shall be self-colored. Type IV shackles, type V, class 1, 2, 3, and
6 hooks, and type VII swivels shall be zinc-coated.

3.3.1.4 Zinc coating. Where zinc coating is specified, the coating may be
applied by the hot-dip (galvanizing) process, by the electrodeposition
process, or by the mechanically deposited coating process at the contractor's
option. If the hot-dip process is used, the coating shall be applied in
accordance with ASTM A 153, class B3; if the electrodeposition process is
used, it shall be in accordance with ASTM B 633, type II, class Fe/Zn 13; and
if the mechanically deposited coating process is used, it shall be in
accordance with ASTM B 695, type II, class 12. When the electrodeposition
process is used, the coating shall be done on screw parts after threading and
tapping is completed. When the hot-dip process is used, internal threads may
be tapped or retapped after galvanizing. Zinc coating shall be adherent,
smooth, and free from injurious lumps, blisters, dross, or flux.

3.3.1.4.1 Where zinc coating of alloy steel is specified, the safeguarding

against embrittlement and procedure for detecting embrittlement shall be in
accordance with ASTM A 143.

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3.4 Detail requirements.

3.4.1 Type I, chain, welded.

3.4.1.1 General. The dimensions, physical requirements, weights, and

other detailed data shall be as shown in the respective tables.

3.4.1.1.1 The actual diameter (bar or rod size) of the material in welded
chain measured at any point shall be not less than the nominal (trade) size
of chain.

3.4.1.2 Type I, class 1, steel, alloy chain. The alloy chain shall be
similar to figure 1 and shall conform to the dimensions and physical
requirement shown in tables II or IIA. The figures herein are descriptive,
not restrictive and are not intended to preclude the purchase of chain and
attachments otherwise in accordance with this specification.

TABLE II. Type I, class 1, welded, steel, alloy chain.

Nominal Maximum Maximum

(trade) inside inside Minimum Safe Minimum
size of length of width of weight per working Proof breaking
chain links links 100 feet load load load

(inches) (inches) (inches) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)(pounds)

1/4 0.975 0.455 72 3,600 7,200 14,400
5/16 1.10 .50 92 4,450 8,900 17,800
3/8 1.333 .650 127 6,400 12,800 25,600
1/2 1.56 .845 226 11,400 22,800 45,600
5/8 1.82 .975 365 17,800 35,600 71,200
3/4 2.08 1.17 520 25,650 51,300 102,600
7/8 2.34 1.30 720 34,900 69,800 139,600
1 2.80 1.43 925 45,600 91,200 182,400
1-1/4 3.705 2.048 1,465 71,250 142,500 285,000

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TABLE IIA. Type I, class 1, welded, steel alloy chain.

Nominal
chain Max. length Inside width Safe Breaking load
size 100 links min - max working load Proof test minimum
(mm) (meters) (mm) (kg) (kilonewtons)(kilonewtons)

7.0 2.24 8.75 - 10.50 1,500 30.8 61.6
8.0 2.79 11.20 - 12.70 2,300 45.0 79.0
10.0 3.20 12.50 - 15.00 3,200 63.0 126.0
13.0 4.16 16.25 - 19.50 5,400 107.0 214.0
16.0 5.12 20.00 - 24.00 8,000 161.0 322.0
20.0 6.40 25.00 - 30.00 12,500 252.0 504.0
22.0 7.04 27.50 - 33.00 15,500 305.0 610.0
26.0 8.32 32.50 - 39.00 21,600 425.0 850.0
32.0 10.24 40.00 - 48.00 32,000 644.0 1,288.0

3.4.1.3 Type I, class 2, steel, high test chain. The high test chain
shall be similar to figure 2 and shall conform to the dimensions and physical
requirements shown in tables III or IIIA.

TABLE III. Type I, class 2, welded steel, high test chain.

Nominal Actual Maximum Maximum

(trade) size of inside inside Minimum Safe Minimum
size of material length width weight perworking Proof breaking
chain (bar) of links of links 100 feet load load load

(inches)(inches) (inches) (inches) (pounds) (pounds)(pounds)(pounds)

1/4 9/32 0.863 0.416 77 2,600 4,300 7,750
5/16 11/32 1.056 .50 110 3,900 6,400 11,600
3/8 13/32 1.199 .591 155 5,400 8,900 16,200
1/2 17/32 1.505 .773 264 9,200 15,300 27,600
5/8 21/32 1.95 .955 394 12,300 19,500 36,900
3/4 25/32 2.226 1.17 576 16,800 27,000 50,400

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TABLE IIIA. Type I, class 2, welded steel, high test chain.

Nominal Max lengthInside width Safe Breaking load

chain size 100 links minimum working load Proof test minimum
(mm) (meters) (mm) (kg) (kilonewtons)(kilonewtons)

5.5 2.48 7.7 520 10.2 20.4
7.0 3.15 9.8 940 16.6 33.1
8.0 3.28 11.2 1,100 21.6 43.2
10.0 3.50 14.0 1,720 33.8 67.6
13.0 4.55 18.2 2,900 57.1 114.2
16.0 5.60 20.0 4,400 86.5 172.9
20.0 7.00 25.0 6,870 135.1 270.2

3.4.1.4 Type I, class 4, steel, proof coil chain. The proof coil chain
shall be similar to figure 3 and shall conform to the dimensions and physical
requirements shown in tables IV or IVA.

TABLE IV. Type I, class 4, welded steel, proof coil chain.

Nominal Length,
(trade) Actual Nominal inside 100 Weight Safe Proof Breading
size ofsize of link dimensions links, 100 feet,working load load
chain material Length Width (max) (max) load (min) (min)

(inch) (inches)(inches)(inches)(inches)(pounds) ( * ) ( * ) (pounds)

3/16 7/32 0.95 0.40 99 42 750 1,500 3,000
1/4 9/32 1.00 .50 104 76 1,250 2,500 5,000
5/16 11/32 1.10 .50 114 115 1,900 3,800 7,600
3/81 3/32 1.23 .62 128 166 2,650 5,300 10,600
1/21 7/32 1.50 .81 156 289 4,500 9,000 18,000
5/82 1/32 1.87 1.00 194 425 6,900 13,800 27,600
3/42 5/32 2.12 1.12 220 612 9,750 19,500 39,000
7/82 9/32 2.50 1.37 260 811 11,375 22,750 45,500
1 1-1/32 2.75 1.50 286 1045 13,950 27,900 55,800
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TABLE IVA. Type I, class 4, welded steel, proof coil chain.

Nominal Max length Inside width Safe Breaking load

chain size100 links minimum working load Proof test minimum
(mm) (meters) (mm) (kg) (kilonewtons)(kilonewtons)

5.5 2.48 7.7 360 7.1 14.3
7.0 3.15 9.8 580 11.6 23.1
8.0 3.28 11.2 760 15.1 30.2
10.0 3.50 14.0 1,200 23.6 47.1
13.0 4.55 18.2 2,030 39.8 79.6
16.0 5.60 20.0 3,070 60.3 120.6
20.0 7.00 25.0 4,800 94.2 188.5

3.4.1.5 Type I, class 5, style 1, steel, twist-link chain, (coil)

long-link pattern. The long-link chain shall be similar to figure 4 and
shall conform to the dimensions and physical requirements as specified in
ASTM A 467.

Twist-Link (Coil) Long-Link Pattern.

3.4.1.6 Type I, class 5, style 2, steel, twist-link (machine) chain,

short-link pattern. The short-link chain shall be similar to figure 5 and
shall be in accordance with the dimensions and physical requirements as
specified in ASTM A 467.
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3.4.2 Type II, chain, weldless.

3.4.2.1 General. The dimensions, physical requirements, weights, and

other detailed data shall be as shown in the respective tables.

3.4.2.2 Class 1, single-loop pattern. The single-loop pattern chain shall

be similar to figure 6 and shall be in accordance with ASTM A 466.

3.4.2.3 Class 2, double-loop pattern. The double-loop pattern chain shall

be similar to figure 7 and shall be in accordance with ASTM A 466.

3.4.2.4 Class 3, sash chain. The sash chain shall be similar to figure 8
and shall be in accordance with ASTM A 466.
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3.4.2.4 Class 3. sash chain. The sash chain shall be similar to figure 8
and shall be in accordance with ASTM A 466.

TABLE V. Type II, class 4, weldless, flat-link chain.

Weight per 100 feet Breaking loads

Nominal Number of links (approx) (min) 1
metal per foot Trade
thickness (approx) Steel Brass Steel Brass number

(inch) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)(pounds)


0.083 8-1/2 16 17 1,600 1,120 2-0
.065 17 12-1/2 13 990 695 113
.103 9-3/4 35 37 2,190 1,535 210
.125 9 40 42 3,240 2,270 280

1 Maximum safe working load is 25 percent of breaking loads.

3.4.2.6 Class 5, bead chain. The bead chain shall be similar to figure 10
and shall be in accordance with the requirements as shown in table VI.
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TABLE VI. Type II, class 5, weldless, bead chain.

Nominal Number of
diameter Metal beads Weight Breaking
of beads thickness per foot per 100 feet loads Trade
(approx) (approx) (approx) (approx) (min) number

(inch) (inch) (pounds) (pounds)

3/32 0.010 102 0.7 15 3
1/8 .014 72 1.5 28 6
3/16 .017 50 2.6 45 10
1/4 .020 40 4.8 90 13
3/8 .034 24 10.8 200 20

3.4.2.7 Class 6, safety chain. The safety chain shall be similar to

figure 11 and shall be in accordance with ASTM A 466.

3.4.2.8 Class 7, single-Jack chain. The single-jack chain shall be

similar to figure 12 and shall be in accordance with ASTM A 466.

3.4.2.9 Class 8, double-jack chain. The double-jack chain shall be

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3.4.2.10 Class 9, ladder chain. The ladder chain shall be similar to

figure 14 and shall be in accordance with the requirements as shown in table
VII.

TABLE VII. Type II, class 9, weldless, ladder chain.

Breaking loads
Number Weight (min)
Nominal of links per 100
size of per foot feet Brass or
chain (approx) (approx) Steel bronze

(inch) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

0.036 64 4/5 45 40
.048 42 2-1/2 70 60
.055 34 3-1/2 85 75
.080 25 6 145 130

3.4.2.11 Class 10, register chain. The register chain shall be similar to
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3.4.2.12 Class 11, mechanical communication chain. The mechanical

communication chain shall be similar to figure 16 and shall be in accordance
with the requirements as shown in table VIII.

Communication Chain.

TABLE VIII. Type II, class 11, weldless, mechanical communication chain.

Pitch between
Nominal Nominal center to center Number of Breaking
thickness thickness Width of pins links per foot load
outside linksinside links (max) (approx) (approx) (min)

(inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (pounds)

1/16 1/8 1/4 3/8 32 800

3.4.2.12.1 Each end of the completed chain shall be fitted with a large
brass link for the attachment of transmission wires.

3.4.2.12.2 The total length of the finished chain shall be approximately

30 inches.
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3.5 Attachments.

3.5.1 Type II, connecting links. Connecting links shall be forged from
carbon steel as specified in 3.1.1.2.3, shall be similar to figure 17 and
shall be in accordance with the dimensions and physical requirements as shown
in table IX. The 3/16, 1/4, and 5/16-inch sizes shall have rivets only, no
interlocking lugs.

TABLE IX. Type II, connecting links.

Outside
dimensions Weight Safe Breaking
of links per dozen working Proof loads
Size (approx) (approx) load load (min)

(inches) (inches) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

3/16 1-1/4 by 3/4 3/8 750 1,500 3,000
1/4 1-1/2 by 1 3/4 1,250 2,500 5,000
5/16 1-11/16 by 1-3/16 1 1,900 3,800 7,600
3/8 2-1/16 by 1-3/8 2 2,650 5,300 10,600
7/16 2-3/8 by 1-1/2 3-1/8 3,625 7,250 14,500
1/2 2-5/8 by 1-3/4 4-1/2 4,500 9,000 18,000
9/16 3 by 1-15/16 6-5/8 5,800 11,600 23,200
5/8 3-5/16 by 2-3/16 9 6,900 13,800 27,600
3/4 3-7/8 by 2-1/2 14-1/2 9,750 19,500 39,000
7/8 4-1/2 by 2-15/16 20-1/4 12,000 24,000 48,000
1 5 by 3-1/4 29 15,500 31,000 62,000
1-1/8 5-5/8 by 3-1/2 40 19,500 39,000 78,000
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1-1/4 6-1/8 by 4 53-1/2 24,000 48,000 96,000
1-3/8 6-3/4 by 4-3/4 75 28,750 57,500 115,000
1-1/2 7-1/4 by 5-1/8 103 34,000 68,000 136,000
1-5/8 8 by 5-1/2 131 42,000 84,000 168,000
1-7/8 9 by 6-1/4 216 64,000 128,000 256,000

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3.5.2 Type III, repair or end lap links. End lap links shall be formed
from carbon steel as specified in 3.1.1.2.3. Links shall be of the end lap
type, shall be similar to figure 18, and shall be in accordance with the
dimensions and weights as shown in table X.

TABLE X. Type III, repair or end lap links.

Safe Weight Breaking

Diameter Length working per 100 links load
of metal inside load (approx) (min)

(inch) (inches) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

3/16 1 225 5 900
7/32 1-1/4 250 5.75 1,000
1/4 1-1/4 325 7.2 1,300
1/4 1-1/2 325 9 1,300
1/4 2 325 10.25 1,300
9/32 1-1/4 375 9.3 1,500
5/16 1-1/2 675 14.5 2,700
5/16 2 625 17 2,500
3/8 1-5/8 1,050 22 4,200
3/8 2 1,000 25 4,000
1/2 2-1/2 1,525 54 6,100

3.5.3 Type IV, shackles.

3.5.3.1 General. Grade A shackles, together with their pins and bolts
shall be forged from carbon steel. Grade B shackles together with their pins
and bolts shall be forged from alloy steel as specified in 3.1.1.2.4.

3.5.3.1.1 Threads. Screw-pin shackles shall be threaded after fabrication

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to final size and shape. Threads shall conform to FED-STD-H28 for Unified
Coarse (UNC) thread unless the corresponding fine threads are specified (see
6.2).

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Threads on zinc-coated or self-colored finished shackles shall be not looser

than class I fit. The male threads of zinc-coated shackles may be undercut,
as necessary, so that after coating they will properly mate (not less than
class 1 fit) with the standard size female threads.

3.5.3.1.2 Proof loads. Shackles shall withstand the proof loads shown in
table XVII (see 4.4.2.2.1) without developing surface rupture or defects that
would interfere with serviceability or prevent disassembly of the pin. After
proof loading, screw-pin shackles shall be disassembled by hand after the
first turn.

3.5.3.1.3 Breaking loads. Without breaking, shackles shall withstand the

breaking loads shown in table XVII (see 4.4.2.2.2).

3.5.3.1.4 Safe working load. The recommended safe working loads of

shackles covered by this specification are shown in table XVII for
information purposes.

3.5.3.1.5 Ductility. Shackles shall be sufficiently ductile so that, when

fractured, the fractured member shall show a permanent distortion before
breaking. If the pin fractures, it shall show a permanent bend of not less
than 20 degrees. If the body fractures, it shall show a permanent
mid-shackle set of not less than 15 percent of the original spread between
bows.

3.5.3.1.6 Marking. Each shackle body shall be permanently and legibly

marked in raised or stamped letters on the side of the shackle bow with the
identifying manufacturer's name or trademark, shackle size, and the
recommended safe working load. Grade A regular strength shackle pins and
bolts shall be unmarked; grade B high strength shackle pins and bolts shall
be marked by the raised or stamped letters "HS" on the head. Shackle
markings shall be raised or stamped letters or figures of the maximum
practical height permitted by the size of the shackle component being marked,
but not to exceed 3/4 inch in height by 1/8 inch in relief. Stamping dies
shall be of the round bottom, low stress type. Marking location shall not
interfere with the serviceability of the shackle assembly.

3.5.3.1.7 Finish. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2), shackle

components shall be zinc coated as specified in 3.3.1.4.

3.5.3.2 Form and dimensions. The form of the respective shackle types and
classes shall be similar to that shown on figures 19 and 20 (see 6.2).
Dimensions of shackle bodies and component pins and bolts shall conform to
the dimensional requirements specified in table XI through XVI.

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TABLE XVII. Mechanical Properties.

Recommended
safe working load Proof load Breaking load
Size D (maximum) (minimum) (minimum)

(inches) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

Grade A Grade B Grade A Grade B Grade A Grade B

3/16 520 900 1,040 2,250 2,600 4,500
1/4 710 2,000 1,420 5,000 3,550 10,000
5/16 1,060 3,120 2,120 7,800 5,300 15,600
3/8 1,590 3,800 3,180 9,500 7,950 19,000
7/16 2,170 5,180 4,340 12,950 10,850 25,900
1/2 2,830 6,500 5,660 16,250 14,150 32,500
9/16 3,580 ----- 7,160 ----- 17,900 -----
5/8 4,420 10,000 8,840 25,000 22,100 50,000
3/4 6,360 13,800 12,720 34,500 31,800 69,000
7/8 8,650 18,700 17,300 46,750 43,250 93,500
1 11,310 24,400 22,620 61,000 56,550 122,000
1-1/8 13,360 28,600 26,720 71,500 66,800 143,000
1-1/4 16,500 36,000 33,000 90,000 82,500 180,000
1-3/8 19,800 41,400 39,600 103,500 99,800 207,000
1-1/2 23,740 48,800 47,480 122,000 118,700 244,000
1-5/8 27,900 57,400 55,800 143,500 139,500 287,000
1-3/4 32,320 65,000 64,640 162,500 161,600 325,000
2 42,220 85,040 84,440 212,600 211,100 425,200
2-1/4 54,000 ------ 108,000 ------ 270,000 -----
2-1/2 67,600 121,400 135,200 303,500 338,000 607,000
2-3/4 81,000 ----- 162,000 ------ 405,000 -----
3 96,200 150,000 192,400 375,000 481,000 750,000
3-1/2 131,100 200,000 262,200 500,000 655,500 1,000,000
4 171,140 260,000 342,280 650,000 855,700 1,300,000

3.5.4 Type V, hooks. The hooks shall be forged from alloy steel as
specified in 3.1.1.2.1. Class 1, 2, 3, and 6 hooks shall be used with type I
alloy chain.

3.5.4.1 Ductility. The class 1, 2, and 3 hooks shall be sufficiently

ductile to permit the hook to open to at least twice the original throat gap
without fracture.

3.5.4.1.1 Finish. Class 1, 2, and 3 hooks shall be zinc coated as

specified in 3.3.1.4.

3.5.4.2 Class 1, slip book with direct eye. The slip hooks shall have the
eye parallel to the hook, shall be similar to figure 21 and shall be in
accordance with the physical requirements as shown in table XVIII.

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TABLE XVIII. Type V, class 1, slip hook with direct eye.

Nominal Weight Safe Minimum
size of each working Proof breaking
chain (approx) load load load

(inch) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

1/4 0.4 3,600 7,200 14,400
3/8 1.0 6,400 12,800 25,600
1/2 2.5 11,400 22,800 45,600
5/8 3.1 17,800 35,600 71,200
3/4 6.0 25,650 51,300 102,600

3.5.4.3 Class 2, grab hooks, with direct eye (standard). Grab hooks shall
have the eye parallel to the hook, shall be similar to figure 22 and shall be
in accordance with the physical requirements as shown in table XIX.

(Standard).

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TABLE XIX. Type V, class 2, grab hooks with direct eye (standard).

Nominal Weight Safe Minimum
size of each working Proof breaking
chain (approx) load load load

(inch) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

1/4 0.44 3,600 7,200 14,400
3/8 1.1 6,400 12,800 25,600
1/2 2.3 11,400 22,800 45,600
5/8 4.0 17,800 35,600 71,200
3/4 6.1 25,650 51,300 102,600

3.5.4.4 Class 3, hoist or sling hooks with direct eye. The hoist or sling
hooks shall have the eye parallel to the hook, shall be similar to figure 23,
and shall be in accordance with physical requirements as shown in table XX.

TABLE XX. Type V, class 3, hoist or sling hook with direct eye.

Nominal Weight Safe Minimum
size of each working Proof breaking
chain (approx) load load load

(inch) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

1/4 0.7 3,600 7,200 14,400
3/8 1.5 6,400 12,800 25,600
1/2 3.0 11,400 22,800 45,600
5/8 5.1 17,800 35,600 71,200
3/4 8.0 25,650 51,300 102,600
7/8 11.0 34,900 69,800 139,600
1 18.0 45,600 91,200 182,400
1-1/4 33.0 71,250 142,500 285,000

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3.5.4.5 Class 6, barrel hooks. Barrel hooks shall be similar to figure

24 and shall be made with a nominal overall length of 5 inches. The hooks
shall be proof tested to a proof load of 5,500 pounds (see 4.4.2.3.1).

3.5.5 Type VI, rings. The rings shall be forged or welded from low a
steel and shall be in accordance with the chemical requirements as shown in
I. The rings shall be heat treated, be similar to figure 25, and shall be
accordance with the sizes and weights as shown in table XXI.

3.5.5.1 Finish. Rings shall be zinc coated as specified in 3.3.1.4.

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TABLE XXI. Type VI, rings.

Diameter Inside Safe Breaking

stock diameter Weight working Proof load
D id each load load (min)

(inches) (inches) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

3/4 4 1.8 6,400 12,800 38,400
7/8 4 2.6 7,200 14,400 43,200
7/8 5-1/2 3.4 5,600 11,200 33,600
1 4 3.5 10,800 21,600 64,800
1-1/8 6 6.5 10,400 20,800 62,400
1-1/4 7 6.8 17,000 34,000 102,000
1-3/8 6 10.38 19,000 38,000 114,000
1-1/2 6 11.7 34,900 69,800 209,400

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3.5.6 Type VII, swivels.

3.5.6.1 General. Swivels together with their pins shall be forged from
carbon steel as specified in 3.1.1.2.3. Nuts shall be regular hex.

3.5.6.1.1 Finish. Swivels and pins shall be zinc-coated in accordance

with 3.3.1.4.

3.5.6.1.2 Proof load. Swivels shall withstand the proof loads in the
respective class tables (see 4.4.2.5.1).

3.5.6.1.3 Breaking loads. Swivels shall withstand, without breaking, the

breaking loads shown in the respective class tables (see 4.4.2.5.1).

3.5.6.2 Class 1, chain swivels. The chain swivels shall be similar to

figure 26 and shall be in accordance with the dimensions and physical
requirements as shown in table XXII.

TABLE XXII. Type XXII, class 1, chain swivel.

Eye Weight Safe Breaking

Length dia per 100 working Proof load
Size (min) Width (min) (min) load load (min)
L W D

(inch) (inches) (inches)(inches)(pounds) (pounds) (pounds)(pounds)

1/4 2-1/4 3/4 7/16 13 800 1,600 4,000
5/16 2-23/32 1 1/2 25 1,200 2,400 6,000
3/8 3-7/16 1-1/4 3/4 50 2,200 4,400 11,000
1/2 4-1/4 1-1/2 7/8 100 3,500 7,000 17,500
5/8 5-5/8 1-3/4 1-1/16 175 5,200 10,400 26,000
3/4 5-25/32 2 1-1/4 287 7,100 14,200 35,500

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3.5.6.3 Class 2, eye and eye swivels. The eye and eye swivels shall be
similar to figure 27 and shall be in accordance with the dimensions and
physical requirements as shown in table XXIII.

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TABLE XXIII. Type VII, class 2. eye and eye swivels.

Weight Safe Breaking

Length Width per 100 working Proof load
Size (min) (min) load load (min)
L W

(inches) (inches) (inches) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

1/4 2-7/8 3/4 17.5 800 1,600 4,000
5/16 3-1/2 1 32.5 1,200 2,400 6,000
3/8 4-1/4 1-1/4 63 2,200 4,400 11,000
1/2 5-7/16 1-1/2 132 3,500 7,000 17,500
5/8 6-9/16 1-3/4 250 5,200 10,400 26,000
3/4 7-3/16 2 375 7,100 14,200 35,500
7/8 8-3/8 2-1/4 600 9,200 18,400 46,000
1 9-5/8 2-1/2 900 11,600 23,200 56,200
1-1/8 10-3/8 2-3/4 1,246 15,000 30,000 75,000
1-1/4 11-1/8 3-1/8 1,637 18,000 36,000 90,000
1-1/2 17-1/8 4 4,906 45,000 90,000 225,000

3.5.6.4 Class 3, jaw and eye swivels. The jaw and eye swivels shall be
similar to figure 28 and shall be in accordance with the dimensions and
physical requirements as shown in table XXIV.
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TABLE XXIV. Type VII, class 3, jaw and eye swivels.

Jaw Pin Weight Safe Breaking

Length Width opening dia per 100working Proof load
Size (min) (min) (min) load load (min)
L W J P

(inches)(inches)(inches)(inches)(inches) ( * ) ( * ) ( * ) (pounds)

1/4 2-7/16 3/4 15/32 1/4 21 800 1,600 4,000
5/16 2-13/16 1 1/2 5/16 34 1,200 2,400 6,000
3/8 3-1/2 1-1/4 5/8 3/8 62 2,200 4,400 11,000
1/2 4-1/2 1-1/2 3/4 1/2 125 3,500 7,000 17,500
5/8 5-5/16 1-3/4 15/16 5/8 235 5,20010,400 26,000
3/4 6-1/16 2 1-1/8 3/4 350 7,10014,200 35,500
7/8 7 2-1/4 1-3/16 7/8 575 9,20018,400 46,000
1 8-1/4 2-1/2 1-3/4 1-1/8 950 11,60023,200 56,200
1-1/8 8-15/16 2-3/4 1-3/4 1-1/8 1,100 15,00030,000 75,000
1-1/4 9-7/16 3-1/8 2-1/16 1-3/8 1,575 18,00036,000 90,000
1-1/2 14-3/4 4 2-7/8 2-1/4 5,475 45,00090,000 225,000

( * = pounds)

3.5.7 Type IX, bead-chain fasteners (standard couplings with eyelets).

Bead-chain fasteners shall be made of brass, CRES, or steel, shall be similar
to figure 29, and shall be in accordance with the dimensions and physical
requirements as shown in table XXV.

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TABLE XXV. Type IX, bead-chain fasteners.

Size of Diameter Weight
chain on Length of hole in per 100
Trade which overall eye couplings
no. used (approx) (approx) (approx)

(inch) (inches) (inch) (pounds)

6-AD 1/8 13/32 1/8 0.100
10-A 3/16 1/2 1/8 .187
10-AD 3/16 9/16 3/16 .250
13-AN 1/4 11/16 3/16 .312
20-A 3/8 1-1/32 1/4 1.320

3.5.8 Type X, bead-chain couplings. Bead-chain couplings shall be made of

brass, CRES, or steel, shall be similar to figure 30, and shall be in
accordance with the dimensions and physical requirements as shown in table
XXVI.

TABLE XXVI. Type X, bead-chain couplings

Weight
Size of Length Ring per 100
Trade chain on overall wire size couplings
no. which used (approx) (max) (approx)

(inch) (inch) (inch) (pound)

3-L 3/32 3/8 ---- 0.0386
6-L 1/8 1/2 ---- .085
10-B 3/16 17/32 1/8 .150
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13-B 1/4 11/16 9/64 .420

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3.5.9 Type XI, bead-chain insulating couplings. Read-chain insulating

couplings shall be as shown on figure 31, and shall be in accordance with the
dimensions and physical requirements shown in table XXVII. Couplings shall
have a hard fiber body fitted at each end with a metal cap that shall have a
hole and slot to receive bead chain. The couplings shall withstand
dielectric strength tests (see 4.4.2.6).

TABLE XXVII. Type XI, bead-chain insulating couplings.

Distance Diameter
Size of Length between of fiber Breaking
chain with overall metal ends rod load
which used (approx) (min) (approx) (min)

(inch) (inches) (inch) (inch) (pounds)

1/8 1-3/32 1/2 7/32 25

3.5.10 Type XIII, Rear shaped links. The pear shaped links shall be
forged or welded from low alloy steel and shall be in accordance with
chemical requirements shown in table I. The links shall be heat treated, be
similar to figure 32, and shall be in accordance with the sizes and weights
as shown in table XXVIII.

3.5.10.1 Galvanizing links. Links shall be galvanized as specified in

3.3.1.4.
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TABLE XXVIII. Type XIII, pear shaped link.

Nominal Inside Safe Proof Breaking Weight

diameter Inside widths length working load load each
A B C D load (min) (approx)
(min) (min) (min)

(inches)(inches)(inches) (inches) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)(pounds)

1/2 1 2 3 3,600 7,200 14,400 0.8
5/8 1-1/4 2-1/2 3-3/4 6,250 12,500 25,000 1.4
3/4 1-1/2 2-3/4 4-1/2 9,000 18,000 36,000 2.1
7/8 1-3/4 3 5-1/4 11,400 22,800 45,600 2.8
1 2 3-1/2 6 16,000 32,000 64,000 4.6
1-1/4 2-1/2 4-3/8 7-3/4 25,650 51,300 102,600 9.0
1-3/8 2-3/4 5 8-1/4 30,750 61,500 123,000 11.5
1-1/2 3 5-1/4 10-1/2 34,900 69,800 139,600 15.3

3.5.11 Type XIV, connecting links. Connecting links shall be forged from
alloy steel as specified in 3.1.1.2.1, shall be similar to figure 33, and
shall be in accordance with the dimensions and physical requirements as shown
in table XXIX.
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3.5.12 Type XV, end links. End links shall be forged from carbon or alloy
steel conforming, respectively, to ASTM A 576 or ASTM A 322, and limitation
in the chemical composition shall be as specified in table 1A; the links
shall be heat treated, weldless, and similar to figure 34; and the links
shall be in accordance with the dimensions and physical requirements as shown
in table XXX.

3.5.12.1 Finish. Links shall be zinc coated as specified in 3.3.1.4.

TABLE XXX. Type XV, end links.

Weight
Inside Inside each Proof Breaking
Diameter length width (approx) load load

(inches) (inches) (inches) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

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5/8 3-1/4 1 .95 7,070 14,150
3/4 3-1/2 1-1/8 1.51 11,050 22,100
7/8 5-1/8 2 2.75 15,900 31,800
1 4 1-1/2 3.95 50,000 95,000

3.6 Workmanship. The chain and attachments shall be free from injurious
imperfections that may impair appearance or serviceability. The forged and
welded chain and attachments shall be free from fins, cracks, flaws, or
seams. The screw threads shall be true to form, clean cut, and free from
injurious defects.

4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS

4.1 Responsibility for inspection. Unless otherwise specified in the

contract or purchase order, the contractor is responsible for the performance
of all inspection requirements (examinations and tests) as specified herein.
Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the
contractor may use his own or any other facilities suitable for the
performance of the inspection requirements specified herein, unless
disapproved by the Government. The Government reserves the right to perform
any of the inspections set forth in this specification where such inspections
are deemed necessary to ensure that supplies and services conform to
prescribed requirements.

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4.1.1 Responsibility for compliance. All items shall meet all

requirements of sections 3 and 5. The inspection set forth in this
specification shall become a part of the contractor's overall inspection
system or quality program. The absence of any inspection requirements in the
specification shall not relieve the contractor of the responsibility of
ensuring that all products or supplies submitted to the Government for
acceptance comply with all requirements of the contract. Sampling
inspection, as part of the manufacturing operations, is an acceptable
practice to ascertain conformance to requirements, however, this does not
authorize submission of known defective material, either indicated or actual,
nor does it commit the Government to accept defective material.

4.2 Quality conformance inspection. Quality conformance inspection shall

consist of the examinations and tests as specified in 4.3 and 4.4.

4.2.1 Lot.

4.2.1.1 Type I, chain. For the purpose of inspection, a lot shall consist
of 200 feet or fraction thereof of the same type, class, style, and size,
unless the chain is in one continuous length of over 200 feet, in which case
the lot shall consist of the entire length of chain.

4.2.1.2 Type II, chain. For the purpose of inspection, a lot shall
consist of the same type, class, and size offered for delivery at one time.

4.2.1.3 Attachments. For the purpose of inspection, a lot shall consist

of not more than 10,000 attachments made from the same material, of the same
type and class offered for delivery at one time.

4.2.1.4 Chemical analysis. For the purpose of chemical analysis of type I

welded chain and steel attachments, a lot shall consist of chain or
attachments made from the same material of the following amount:

Steel-all material made from the same heat. In case beat cannot be
identified, a lot shall consist of not more than 2,000 pounds of
chain or attachments of the same type, class, and size.

4.2.2 Sampling procedures.

4.2.2.1 Chain.

4.2.2.1.1 Visual and dimensional inspection. A portion of each lot of

chain shall be selected for visual and dimensional inspection. If lots
comprise more than one length of chain, the sample links shall be selected
equally from each lot.

4.2.2.1.2 Type I. A random sampling of links shall be selected from each

lot in accordance with table XXXI.

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TABLE XXXI. Sampling for visual and dimensional inspection of type I, chain.

Number of links
Links per lot to be inspected

Up to 300 30
301 to 500 40
501 to 800 50
801 to 1,300 60
1,301 to 2,000 80
2,001 to 3,000 100
3,001 to 4,500 120
4,501 to 7,000 150

4.2.2.1.3 Type II. A random sampling of links shall be selected from each
lot in accordance with table XXXII.

TABLE XXXII. Sampling for visual and dimensional inspection

of Type II, chain.

Links per lot Number of links
to be inspected

Up to 500 25
501 to 1,300 35
1,301 to 8,000 75
8,001 to 22,000 150
22,001 to 60,000 225
60,001 to 120,000 300
120,001 and above 450

4.2.2.1.4 Breaking and elongation test. A specimen not less than 2 feet
long, cut from the finished chain, shall be selected from each lot for
breaking and elongation test specified in 4.4.1.2 and 4.4.1.3. In the event
that the lot of chain exceeds 200 feet in length, a test specimen shall be
taken from each length of the chain.

4.2.2.2 Attachments.

4.2.2.2.1 Sampling for examination. A random sample of attachments for

examination shall be selected from each lot, except insulated couplings, in
accordance with table XXXIII.

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4.2.2.2.2 Sampling for proof tests. The random sampling of attachments

specified in table XXXIII shall be proof tested as specified in 4.4.2.
Samples used for and passing proof test may be reused for the breaking and
ductility tests.

4.2.2.2.3 Sampling for breaking and ductility tests. A sample of

attachments shall be randomly selected from the proofing samples, for the
breaking and ductility tests specified in 4.4.2.

TABLE XXXIII. Sampling for inspection and tests of attachments.

Number to be selected for Number to be

Number of attachments inspection and proof test selected for breaking
in lot (when proof test is required)load and ductility tests

2 to 8 2 2
9 to 15 3 2
16 to 25 5 2
26 to 50 8 2
51 to 90 13 3
91 to 150 20 3
151 to 280 32 3
281 to 500 50 3
501 to 1,200 80 5
1,201 to 3,200 125 5
3,201 to 10,000 200 5

4.2.2.2.4 Type XI, insulating couplings. The number of representative

samples shall be selected from each lot as shown in table XXXIV for the
dielectric strength test as specified in 4.4.2.6.

TABLE XXXIV. Sampling procedure (type XI, couplings).

Number of samples to be
Number of couplings selected for dielectric
in lot strength test

1 to 50 None
51 to 1,000 4
1,001 to 10,000 10

4.2.2.2.5 Chemical analysis. Steel chemistry of material for chain and

attachments shall be determined from the certified mill data sheet or by
analysis of either bars or from finished chain or attachments. One sample of
not less than 2 ounces of drillings or cuttings shall be taken from each lot
of chain or attachments and forwarded to a laboratory designated by the
contracting activity.

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4.3 Examination.

4.3.1 Chain. Each sample of chain selected as specified in 4.2.2.1 shall

be examined to determine conformance to this specification regarding
dimensions, finish, quality of welds, and other requirements. Chain shall be
measured to the inside of the end links after the chain has been proof
tested. In determining the length of chain, a load not exceeding 10 percent
of the specified proof load shall be applied to take up the slack. In the
event no proof load is specified for the chain, the length shall be measured
after the slack has been thoroughly taken up.

4.3.1.1 Weight. Each lot of chain shall be weighed.

4.3.2 Attachments. A random sample of attachments as specified in

4.2.2.2.2 shall be examined to determine conformance to this specification
regarding dimensions, weights, finish, quality of welds, and other
requirements. If attachments are to be zinc coated, surface inspection shall
be made before and after coating. Proof and breaking test shall be made
after zinc coating.

4.3.3 Rejections.

4.3.3.1 Chain. If the chain fails to meet the requirements as specified

in 4.3.1, the chain shall be rejected. Any lot that does not meet the weight
specified in tables II, III and IV shall be rejected.

4.3.3.2 Attachments. Sample attachments failing to conform to the

requirements specified in 4.3.2 shall be rejected. If any defects are noted
in the original sample attachments, additional attachments shall be randomly
selected as specified in the original sampling plan and if any defects are
noted, the entire lot shall be rejected.

4.4 Tests.

4.4.1 Chain.

4.4.1.1 Order of tests. Breaking and elongation tests shall be conducted

before proof tests. If the sample fails the breaking or elongation test, the
lot shall be rejected.

4.4.1.2 Breaking test. The test sample shall be properly secured in the
testing machine. The sample shall be free from twist. The holding
arrangement shall have the stresses bearing on the end links of the test
sample the same as on the balance of the links. The chain will be considered
to have passed the breaking test if it withstands the specified load for 15
seconds or if it breaks at a load greater than that specified in the
respective tables.

4.4.1.3 Elongation test (for type I only). The elongation measurement

shall be made on the remains of the breaking-test sample. The gauge length
to be measured shall be between 12 and 18 inches as measured to the nearest
link. The actual gauge length shall be determined before the breaking test.
After the breaking test, the gauge shall be measured to determine the amount
of elongation. The elongation shall be not less than 15 percent.

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4.4.1.4 Proof test. Chain in each lot shall be proof-tested by subjecting

it to the load specified in the applicable table. After proof test, the
chain shall be thoroughly inspected. If any links show cold welding, surface
rupture, deformation, inferior workmanship, or other defects, the entire lot
shall be rejected.

4.4.2 Attachments.

4.4.2.1 Type II, connecting links. The fittings shall be subjected to the
loads shown in the applicable tables either singly or in series. These tests
shall be as specified in 4.4.1.2 and 4.4.1.4. If any sample link fails the
proof or breaking test, the lot shall be rejected. One pair of every ten
type II connecting links shall be visually inspected to ensure that all links
are interchangeable without applying force. The two halves shall fit
concentrically to each other and shall mate (face flush fit), to each other,
maintaining rivet-pin to hole alignment. The rivets shall be of sufficient
diameter and length to completely fill countersunk holes when peened.

4.4.2.2 Type IV, shackles.

4.4.2.2.1 Proof test. Samples shall be subjected to proof loads shown in

table XVII either singly or in series. The diameter of the attachments used
in proofing shall be not greater than the pin diameter of the shackle being
tested and the application of the proof load shall be at the center of the
pin. After releasing the proof load, each shackle shall be examined and
disassembled as specified in 3.5.3.1.2.

4.4.2.2.2 Breaking and ductility tests. After proof testing, the required
number of samples shall be subjected to the breaking loads shown in table
XVII. The diameter of the attachment used in the breaking test shall be not
greater than the pin diameter of the shackle being tested; the application of
the load shall be at the center of the pin. After breaking, the sample shall
be inspected and measured to determine conformance with 3.5.3.1.5.

4.4.2.2.3 Rejection.

4.4.2.2.3.1 If any shackle fails to pass the proof test, all shackles in
the lot shall be rejected.

4.4.2.2.3.2 If any shackle fails to pass the breaking or ductility test,

the lot shall be rejected.

4.4.2.3 Type V, hooks, classes 1, 2, 3, and 6.

4.4.2.3.1 Proof test. The samples shall be subjected to the proof loads
shown in the applicable tables. Hooks shall withstand the proof test without
any noticeable permanent opening of the hook at the throat.

4.4.2.3.2 Ductility test. After satisfactorily passing the proof test,

the samples for classes 1, 2, and 3 shall be placed in a testing machine and
pulled until the throat opening is twice the size, without rupture.

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4.4.2.3.3 Rejections.

4.4.2.3.3.1 If any hook fails to pass the proof tests, the lot shall be
rejected.

4.4.2.3.3.2 If any hook selected for the ductility test fails to open the
required amount, the lot shall be rejected.

4.4.2.4 Type VI, rings. Samples selected in accordance with 4.2.2.2.2

shall be subjected to the proof loads shown in table XXI. Before testing,
the inside diameter of the ring shall be measured along the axis to which the
load is to be applied. After applying the proof load, the diameter shall be
remeasured and the sample shall be considered satisfactory if there is no
increase in the diameter. Measurements may be made with dividers, inside
calipers, or micrometers or other methods that an accuracy of not less than
0.001 inch per inch diameter may be obtained. Measurements shall be made
with an accuracy of not less than 0.001 inch per inch of diameter.

4.4.2.4.1 Rejections. If any ring fails to pass the proof test, all rings
of the lot shall be rejected.

4.4.2.5 Type VII, swivels.

4.4.2.5.1 Proof and breaking tests. Samples shall be subjected to the

proof and breaking loads shown in tables XXII, XXIII, and XXIV either singly
or in series. The swivels shall withstand the proof loads without developing
surface rupture or defects that would interfere with serviceability.

4.4.2.5.2 Rejections.

4.4.2.5.2.1 If any swivel fails to pass the proof or breaking load test,
all swivels in the lot shall be rejected.

4.4.2.6 Type XI, bead-chain insulating coupling dielectric strength test.

Samples selected in accordance with table XXXII shall be tested for
dielectric strength. One half the number of samples shall be dried in a
desiccator for 24 hours, removed, and immediately subjected to 10,000 volts.
The remaining couplings shall be stored for 48 hours in an atmosphere of 35
degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit), 90 percent relative humidity, and
immediately subjected to 4,000 volts. A tolerance of plus 1 hour and plus or
minus 2 percent relative humidity will be permitted. The difference in
potential for both samples shall be maintained for 1 minute.

4.4.2.7 Type XIII, pear shared links.

4.4.2.7.1 Proof test. Samples selected as specified in 4.2.2.2.2 shall be

subjected to the proof loads as shown in table XXVIII. Before testing, all
dimensions shall be measured and recorded. After applying the test load, the
links shall be remeasured and the samples shall be considered satisfactory if
there are no dimensional changes.

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4.4.2.7.2 Breaking load test. After proof testing, samples selected as

specified in 4.2.2.2.3 shall be subjected to the minimum breaking strength as
shown in table XXVIII. Samples shall be considered unsatisfactory if any
sample link fails to meet the breaking load.

4.4.2.7.3 Rejection.

4.4.2.7.3.1 If any link fails to pass the proof test or fails to pass the
minimum breaking strength, the lot shall be rejected.

4.4.2.8 Type XIV connecting links. The connecting links shall be

subjected to the loads shown in table XXIX either singly or in series. These
tests shall be as specified in 4.4.1.2 and 4.4.1.4. If any sample links
fails the proof or breaking test, the lot shall be rejected.

4.4.2.9 Type XV end links.

4.4.2.9.1 Proof test. Samples selected as specified in 4.2.2.2.2 shall be

subjected to the proof loads as shown in table XXX. Before testing, all
dimensions shall be measured and recorded. After applying the test load, the
links shall be remeasured and shall be considered satisfactory if there are
no dimensional changes.

4.4.2.9.2 Breaking load test. After proof testing, samples selected as

specified in 4.2.2.2.3 shall be subjected to the minimum breaking as shown in
table XXX.

4.4.2.9.3 Rejection.

4.4.2.9.3.1 If any sample links fails the proof or breaking test, the lot
shall be rejected.

4.5 Inspection of packaging. Sample packs and the inspection of

preservation, packing and marking for shipment, stowage and storage shall be
in accordance with the requirements of section 5 and the documents specified
therein.

5. PACKAGING

(The packaging requirements specified herein apply only for direct

Government acquisition.)

5.1 General.

5.1.1 Navy fire-retardant requirements.

(a) Treated lumber and plywood. When specified (see 6.2), all
lumber and plywood including laminated veneer material used
in shipping container and pallet construction, members,
blocking, bracing, and reinforcing shall be fire-retardant
treated material conforming to MIL-L-19140 as follows:

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Levels A and B - Type II - weather resistant.

Category 1 - general use.

Level C - Type I - non-weather resistant.

Category 1 - general use.

(b) Fiberboard. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2), fiberboard

used in the construction of class-domestic, non-weather
resistant fiberboard and cleated fiberboard boxes including
interior packing forms shall meet the flamespread index and
the specific optic density requirements of PPP-F-320 and
amendment thereto.
(c) Cushioning and wrapping materials. The use of excelsior,
newspaper, shredded paper (all types), and similar
hygroscopic or nonneutral materials and all types of loose
fill materials for packaging applications such as cushioning,
fill, stuffing, and dunnage is prohibited. Materials
selected for cushioning and wrapping shall have properties
(characteristics) for resistance to fire (see 6.3).
Cushioning or wrapping materials, as applicable, shall be
provided to prevent item and package damage and to prevent
free movement of the container contents.

5.2 Preservation. Preservation shall be level A or commercial, as

specified (see 6.2).

5.2.1 Level A. Chain and attachments, except black coated and zinc
coated, shall be preserved in accordance with method I of MIL-P-116, using
type P-1 or P-19 preservative. Black coated or zinc coated chain and
attachments shall be preserved in accordance with method III of MIL-P-116.

5.2.1.1 Chain weighing less than 35 pounds per 100 feet and attachments
weighing less than 5 pounds each shall be packed in fiberboard boxes
conforming to PPP-B-636, class weather resistant. Box closure shall conform
to method V as specified in the applicable box specification appendix. The
gross weight of the boxes shall not exceed the limitations of the applicable
box specification.

5.2.1.2 Chain weighing in excess of 35 pounds per 100 feet and

attachments weighing in excess of 5 pounds each shall be bulk packed in
containers as specified in 5.3.

5.2.2 Commercial. Chain, and chain and attachments shall be preserved in

accordance with ASTM D 3951.

5.3 Packing. Packing shall be level A, B, C, or commercial as specified

(see 6.2).

5.3.1 General requirements for levels A, B, and C. Containers selected

(see 5.3.2) shall be of minimum weight and cube consistent with the
protection required, of uniform size, and contain identical quantities.

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5.3.2 Levels A, B, and C. Chain and attachments preserved as specified

(see 5.2) shall be packed in exterior shipping containers in accordance with
MIL-STD-2073-1, table VII of appendix C, for the level of packing specified
(see 5.3). Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2), container selection
including container options shall be the contractor's option.

5.3.2.1 Closure, gross weight, and waterproofing.

5.3.2.1.1 Closure. Container closure, reinforcing, or banding shall be in

accordance with the applicable container specification or appendix thereto
except that weather-resistant fiberboard boxes shall be closed in accordance
with method V and reinforced with non-metallic or tape banding and domestic
nonweather-resistant fiberboard boxes shall be closed in accordance with
method I using pressure sensitive tape.

5.3.2.1.2 Weight. Wood, plywood, and wood cleated type containers

exceeding 200 pounds gross weight shall be modified by the addition of skids
in accordance with MIL-STD-2073-1, appendix F, or the applicable container
specification or appendix thereto.

5.3.2.1.3 Waterproofing. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2), level A

and when specified (see 6.2), level B shipping containers shall be provided
with caseliners, linings, wraps, or shrouds in accordance with the
waterproofing requirements of MIL-STD-1186.

5.3.3 Commercial. Chain and attachments preserved as specified (see 5.2)

shall be packed for shipment in accordance with ASTM D 3951 and herein.

5.3.3.1 Container modification. Shipping containers exceeding 200 pounds

gross weight shall be provided with a minimum of two, 3- by 4-inch nominal
wood skids laid flat, or a skid- or sill-type base which will support the
material and facilitate handling by mechanical handling equipment during
shipment, stowage, and storage.

5.4 Palletized unit loads. When specified (see 6.2), containers shall be
pelletized in accordance with MIL-STD-2073-1, appendix F.

5.5 Marking.

5.5.1 Levels A, B, C, and commercial. In addition to any special marking

required (see 6.2), interior (unit) packs, shipping containers and pelletized
unit loads shall be marked in accordance with MIL-STD-2073-1, appendix F for
military agencies and FED-STD-123 for civil agencies and shall include bar
codes and applicable packaging acquisition options herein as specified (see
6.2).

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6. NOTES

(This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature that

may be helpful, but is not mandatory.)

6.1 Intended use.

6.1.1 Type I, chain, welded. Type I is steel chain intended for general
service. Type I, class 1 is a special analysis alloy steel recommended for
hazardous overhead lifting and wherever long life and extremely high tensile
strengths are desired. Type I, class 2 is a special analysis steel which is
heat treated as required to produce a chain having high tensile strength and
resistance to impact loads.

6.1.2 Type II, chain, weldless. Type II, class 2, mechanical

communication chain is intended for use in pulleys having a 5/16-inch groove
used on a line of signal transmission of mechanical telegraphs.

6.1.3 Type IV, shackles. Shackles in accordance with this specification

are intended for general use including rigging. Where stronger shackles are
required for special use, refer to grade B high strength. It is general
practice to use a shackle one or two sizes larger than the chain that is used
with it. The proof loads shown herein indicate the maximum loads which the
shackles may be expected to withstand without distortion.

6.1.4 Type XV, end fittings. End fittings in accordance with this
specification are intended for use with fueling at sea rigging.

6.2 Ordering data. Acquisition documents should specify the following:

(a) Title, number, and date of this specification.

(b) Type, class, and style of chain and type, grade and class of
attachments required (see 1.2.1 and 1.2.2).
(c) Material required for type II chain (see 3.1.2).
(d) Finish required, if other than that specified (see 3.3.1 and
3.5.3.1.7).
(e) If chain is to be other than self-colored (see 3.3.1.1).
(f) If chain is to be other than bright-finished (see 3.3.1.2).
(g) If attachments are to be other than self-colored (see
3.3.1.3).
(h) If fine threads are required for shackles (see 3.5.3.1.1).
(i) Development of modified or additional preservation, packaging,
or packing in support of special requirements will be the
responsibility of the activity concerned (see 3.5.3.2).
(j) Size of chain and attachments required (see applicable
tables).
(k) Level of preservation, packaging, and packing required (see
5.2 and 5.3).
(l) If single chain lengths exceeding 1000 pounds net weight shall
be shipped other than specified (see 5.3).
(m) Special marking, if required (see 5.5).
(n) When fire-retardant packaging materials are or are not
required (see 5.1.1(a) and (b), as applicable).

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(o) If container selection is not the contractor's option (see

5.3.2).
(p) When palletization is required (see 5.4).
(q) Type I welded chain and type II chain should be paid for by
the foot.

6.3 Cushioning and wrapping materials (see 5.1.1(c)). Materials having

properties for resistance to fire and acceptable for use within unit packs
and shipping containers for Navy acquisitions are:

Material Specification

Paper, Kraft, treated (fire A-A-1894

resistant)
Paper, Kraft, wrapping UU-P-268, type II, grade
C or D
Fiberboard PPP-F-320, class-
domestic/fire retardant
Plastic film, flexible, PPP-C-795, class 3 -
cellular fire retardant
Polystyrene expanded, PPP-C-850, grade SE
resilient
Plastic, open cell, cushioning PPP-C-1842, type 1,
style B
Bound fiber PPP-C-1120, type III or
IV, class C
Rubber, latex foam MIL-R-5001, grade A
Rubber, cellular MIL-R-6130, grade A
Fibrous glass MIL-C-17435
Polystyrene foam MIL-P-19644, type II
Rubber, cellular, synthetic MIL-R-20092, class 5
Polyurethane foam MIL-P-26514
Polyurethane foam, flexible, MIL-F-81334
open cell
Foam-in-place packaging MIL-F-83671
materials: General
Specification for
Foam, combustion, retardant, MIL-F-87090 (SA)
for cushioning supply items
aboard Navy ships

6.4 Deleted types, grades, and classes. The following items have been
deleted from RR-C-271 because they are not available commercially:

Chain: Type I, grade A, class 1 - Wrought-iron (double refined)

crane chain.
Type I, grade B, class 1 - Welded wrought-iron (single
refined) long link chain.
Type I, grade C, class 3 - Welded steel, BBB coil chain,
(use type I, grade C, class 4 instead).

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Type 1, class 6 - Long link conveyor chain.

Type III - Roller chain (see MIL-C-52058 or
MIL-C-52223).

Attachments: Type I - End links

Type IV class 1 - Screw pin anchor shackles.
class 2 - Screw pin chain shackles.
class 3 - Oval pin chain shackles.
class 4 - Round pin anchor shackles.
class 5 - Round pin chain shackles.
class 6 - Bolt type anchor shackle.
Type V - Barrel hooks (large size only).
class 4 - Bale hooks.
class 5 - Box hooks.
class 7 - Can hooks.
class 8 - Stone-hoist hooks.
class 9 - Hogshead hooks.
Type VIII - Sash attachments.
Type XII - Type grab links.

6.5 New classes. The classification for type IV, VII, and type XIII
attachments have been expanded in this revision as follows:

Type IV - Shackles.
Type IVA - Anchor shackles.
grade A - Regular.
class 1 - Round pin.
class 2 - Screw pin.
class 3 - Safety.
grade B - High strength.
class 1 - Round pin.
class 2 - Screw pin.
class 3 - Safety.
Type IVB - Chain shackles.
grade A - Regular.
class 1 - Round pin.
class 2 - Screw pin.
class 3 - Safety.
grade B - High strength.
class 1 - Round pin.
class 2 - Screw pin.
class 3 - Safety.
Type VII - Swivels.
class 1 - Chain swivel.
class 2 - Eye and eye swivel.
class 3 - Jaw and eye swivel.
Type XIII - Pear shaped links.
Type XIV - Connecting links.
Type XV - End links.

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6.6 Subject term (key word) listing.

Alloy chain
Breaking and proof loads Ductility
Hooks
Shackles
Swivels

6.7 Changes from previous issue. Asterisks are not used in this revision
to identify changes with respect to the previous issue due to the
extensiveness of the changes.

MILITARY INTERESTS: CIVIL AGENCY COORDINATING ACTIVITIES:

Custodians GSA - FSS

Army - ME NASA - JFK
Navy - SH
Air Force - 99 PREPARING ACTIVITY:
Navy - SH
Review Activities (Project 4010-0181)
Army - AR, AT, EA, MI
Navy - YD, MC
Air Force - 82
DLA - IS

User Activities
Army - GL, AV
Navy - CC, OS

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