Understanding Oracle WebLogic Server

Oracle Fusion Middleware
Understanding Oracle WebLogic Server

12c (12.2.1.1.0)
E72099-01
June 2016
This document provides an overview of Oracle WebLogic
Server features and describes how you can use them to create
enterprise-ready solutions.
Oracle Fusion Middleware Understanding Oracle WebLogic Server, 12c (12.2.1.1.0)

E72099-01
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Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................................................... vii
Documentation Accessibility ....................................................................................................................
vii
Conventions.................................................................................................................................................
vii
Introduction
1.1
Product Overview............................................................................................................................
1-1
1.2
Programming Models .....................................................................................................................
1-2
1.3
High Availability .............................................................................................................................
1-3
1.4
Diagnostic Framework....................................................................................................................
1-4
1.5
Security..............................................................................................................................................
1-4
1.6
Client Options ..................................................................................................................................
1-5
1.7
Integration with Oracle WebLogic Suite ......................................................................................
1-5
1.8
Integration with Other Systems.....................................................................................................
1-5
1.9
Integration with Web Servers ........................................................................................................
1-6
1.10
WebLogic Server API Examples and Sample Application ......................................................
1-6
1.11
Upgrade...........................................................................................................................................
1-6
System Administration
2.1
Overview of WebLogic Server System Administration.............................................................
2-1
2.2
Choosing the Appropriate Technology for Your Administrative Tasks .................................
2-2
2.3
Summary of System Administration Tools and APIs ................................................................
2-5
2.4
Roadmap for Administering the WebLogic Server System ......................................................
2-8
Overview of Administration Consoles

3.1
3.2
Using the WebLogic Server Administration Console ................................................................
3-1
3.1.1
About the WebLogic Server Administration Console ....................................................
3-1
3.1.2
Starting the WebLogic Server Administration Console ................................................
3-2
3.1.3
Elements of the WebLogic Server Administration Console...........................................
3-3
3.1.4
Using the Change Center ...................................................................................................
3-6
Using Fusion Middleware Control ..............................................................................................
3-8
3.2.1
3-8
Fusion Middleware Control Online Help.........................................................................
iii
WebLogic Server Domains

4.1
Understanding Domains ................................................................................................................
4-1
4.2
Organizing Domains .......................................................................................................................
4-1
4.3
Contents of a Domain......................................................................................................................
4-2
4.3.1
Administration Server .........................................................................................................
4-3
4.3.2
Managed Servers and Managed Server Clusters.............................................................
4-3
4.3.3
Managed Coherence Servers and Coherence Clusters ...................................................
4-4
4.3.4
Resources and Services........................................................................................................
4-4
Roadmap for Understanding WebLogic Server Domains.........................................................
4-5
4.4
WebLogic Server Clustering

5.1
Overview of WebLogic Server Clusters .......................................................................................
5-1
5.2
Relationship Between Clusters and Domains .............................................................................
5-1
5.3
Relationship Between Coherence and WebLogic Server Clusters ...........................................
5-2
5.4
Benefits of Clustering ......................................................................................................................
5-2
5.5
Key Capabilities of Clusters ...........................................................................................................
5-3
5.6
Objects That Can Be Clustered ......................................................................................................
5-3
5.7
Objects That Cannot Be Clustered.................................................................................................
5-3
5.8
Overview of Dynamic Clusters .....................................................................................................
5-4
5.9
Roadmap for Clustering in WebLogic Server..............................................................................
5-4
Developing Applications in WebLogic Server

6.1
WebLogic Server and the Java EE Platform.................................................................................
6-1
6.2
Overview of Java EE Applications and Modules........................................................................
6-2
6.3
Roadmap for Developing Applications in WebLogic Server....................................................
6-3
Deploying Applications in WebLogic Server

7.1
Overview of the Deployment Process ..........................................................................................
7-1
7.2
Java EE 6 Deployment Implementation ......................................................................................
7-1
7.3
Fast Track Deployment Guide .......................................................................................................
7-2
7.3.1
Java EE Deployment ............................................................................................................
7-3
7.3.2
System Administrator Tools ...............................................................................................
7-3
7.3.3
JSP/HTML Deployment......................................................................................................
7-4
7.3.4
Coherence Deployment .......................................................................................................
7-4
Roadmap for Deploying Applications in WebLogic Server......................................................
7-4
7.4
iv
WebLogic Server Data Sources

8.1
Understanding JDBC Data Sources...............................................................................................
8-1
8.2
Understanding Generic Data Sources...........................................................................................
8-1
8.3
Understanding GridLink Data Sources ........................................................................................
8-2
8.4
Understanding JDBC Multi Data Sources....................................................................................
8-2
8.5
Understanding Proxy Data Sources..............................................................................................
8-2
8.6
Understanding Universal Connection Pool Data Sources.........................................................
8-3
8.7
Roadmap for WebLogic Server Data Sources..............................................................................
8-3
WebLogic Server Messaging

9.1
Overview of JMS and WebLogic Server .......................................................................................
9-1
9.2
Java Message Service.......................................................................................................................
9-1
9.2.1
WebLogic JMS Architecture and Environment ...............................................................
9-1
Roadmap for WebLogic Server Messaging..................................................................................
9-3
9.3
10
Understanding WebLogic Server Security

10.1
Java EE 7 Security Feature Support in WebLogic Server....................................................... 10-1
10.2
Overview of the WebLogic Server Security Service ............................................................... 10-2
10.3
WebLogic Server Security Service Architecture...................................................................... 10-3
10.4
11
12
10.3.1
WebLogic Security Framework ...................................................................................... 10-3
10.3.2
Single Sign-on with the WebLogic Server Security Framework ............................... 10-4
10.3.3
SAML Token Profile Support in WebLogic Web Services ......................................... 10-4
10.3.4
The Security Service Provider Interfaces (SSPIs) ......................................................... 10-4
10.3.5
WebLogic Security Providers ......................................................................................... 10-5
Managing WebLogic Server Security........................................................................................ 10-5

10.4.1
Security Realms ................................................................................................................ 10-5
10.4.2
Security Policies ................................................................................................................ 10-5
10.5
Oracle Platform Security Services (OPSS)................................................................................ 10-5
10.6
Security for Coherence ................................................................................................................ 10-6
10.7
Roadmap for Securing WebLogic Server ................................................................................. 10-6
WebLogic Server Web Services

11.1
Overview of Web Services.......................................................................................................... 11-1
11.2
Anatomy of a Web Service ......................................................................................................... 11-1
11.3
Web Service Standards................................................................................................................ 11-2
11.4
Roadmap for Web Services ........................................................................................................ 11-2
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs)

12.1
12.2
Understanding EJBs..................................................................................................................... 12-1

12.1.1
EJB Documentation in WebLogic Server ...................................................................... 12-1
12.1.2
Additional EJB Information ............................................................................................ 12-1
12.1.3
Session EJBs Implement Business Logic ....................................................................... 12-2
12.1.4
Message-Driven Beans Implement Loosely Coupled Business Logic...................... 12-3
EJB Anatomy and Environment ................................................................................................ 12-3

12.2.1
EJB Components ............................................................................................................... 12-4
12.2.2
The EJB Container ............................................................................................................ 12-4
12.2.3
Embeddable EJB Container............................................................................................. 12-5
12.2.4
EJB Metadata Annotations .............................................................................................. 12-5
12.2.5
Optional EJB Deployment Descriptors.......................................................................... 12-5
12.3
13
14
vi
Accessing EJBs .................................................................................................................. 12-6
12.3.2
EJB Communications ....................................................................................................... 12-6
12.4
Securing EJBs................................................................................................................................ 12-7
12.5
Roadmap for EJBs in WebLogic Server .................................................................................... 12-7
Monitoring, Diagnosing, and Troubleshooting

13.1
WebLogic Server Diagnostics Framework............................................................................... 13-1
13.2
Logging Services .......................................................................................................................... 13-2
13.3
SNMP Support ............................................................................................................................. 13-3
13.4
Custom JMX Applications.......................................................................................................... 13-3
13.5
Java EE Management APIs ......................................................................................................... 13-3
13.6
Roadmap for Monitoring, Diagnosing, and Troubleshooting in WebLogic Server .......... 13-3
Sample Applications and Code Examples

14.1
15
EJBs Clients and Communications............................................................................................ 12-6

12.3.1
Overview....................................................................................................................................... 14-1
14.1.1
Installing the WebLogic Server Code Examples.......................................................... 14-1
14.1.2
Starting the WebLogic Server Samples Domain .......................................................... 14-2
14.1.3
Running the WebLogic Server Code Examples ........................................................... 14-2
14.2
Conventions.................................................................................................................................. 14-2
14.3
Java EE 6 Examples...................................................................................................................... 14-3
14.4
Java EE 7 Examples...................................................................................................................... 14-4
14.5
Additional API Examples........................................................................................................... 14-4
14.6
Avitek Medical Records.............................................................................................................. 14-5
14.7
Derby Open-Source Database .................................................................................................... 14-5
WebLogic Server Compatibility

15.1
Java EE 7 Compatibility .............................................................................................................. 15-1
15.2
Generated Classes Compatibility .............................................................................................. 15-1
15.3
Compatibility Within a Domain ................................................................................................ 15-1

15.3.1
About WebLogic Server Version Numbers .................................................................. 15-2
15.3.2
WebLogic Version Compatibility................................................................................... 15-2
15.3.3
Hardware, Operating System, and JVM Platform Compatibility ............................. 15-3
15.3.4
Node Manager Compatibility......................................................................................... 15-4
15.4
Persistent Data Compatibility .................................................................................................... 15-4
15.5
API Compatibility........................................................................................................................ 15-4
15.6
Protocol Compatibility................................................................................................................ 15-4
Preface
This preface describes the document accessibility features and conventions used in this
guideUnderstanding Oracle WebLogic Server.
Documentation Accessibility
For information about Oracle's commitment to accessibility, visit the Oracle
Accessibility Program website at http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?
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Conventions
The following text conventions are used in this document:
Convention
Meaning
boldface
Boldface type indicates graphical user interface elements associated

with an action, or terms defined in text or the glossary.
italic
Italic type indicates book titles, emphasis, or placeholder variables for

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vii
1
Introduction
This chapter provides an overview of Oracle WebLogic Server features and describes
how you can use them to create enterprise ready-solutions.
This chapter includes the following sections:
Product Overview
Programming Models
High Availability
Diagnostic Framework
Security
Client Options
Integration with Oracle WebLogic Suite
Integration with Other Systems
Integration with Web Servers
WebLogic Server API Examples and Sample Application
Upgrade
1.1 Product Overview

Oracle WebLogic Server is a scalable, enterprise-ready Java Platform, Enterprise
Edition (Java EE) application server. The WebLogic Server infrastructure supports the
deployment of many types of distributed applications and is an ideal foundation for
building applications based on Service Oriented Architectures (SOA). SOA is a design
methodology aimed at maximizing the reuse of application services. See "Oracle SOA Service-Oriented Architecture."
The WebLogic Server complete implementation of the Java EE 7.0 specification
provides a standard set of APIs for creating distributed Java applications that can
access a wide variety of services, such as databases, messaging services, and
connections to external enterprise systems. End-user clients access these applications
using Web browser clients or Java clients. See Programming Models.
In addition to the Java EE implementation, WebLogic Server enables enterprises to
deploy mission-critical applications in a robust, secure, highly available, and scalable
environment. These features allow enterprises to configure clusters of WebLogic
Server instances to distribute load, and provide extra capacity in case of hardware or
other failures. New diagnostic tools allow system administrators to monitor and tune
the performance of deployed applications and the WebLogic Server environment
Introduction 1-1
Programming Models
itself. You can also configure WebLogic Server to monitor and tune application
throughput automatically without human intervention. Extensive security features
protect access to services, keep enterprise data secure, and prevent malicious attacks.
Figure 1-1 shows how WebLogic Server fits into the overall Oracle Fusion Middleware
stack.
Figure 1-1
Oracle Fusion Middleware Overview
1.2 Programming Models

WebLogic Server provides complete support for the Java EE 6.0 specification at
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/tech/indexjsp-142185.html. For more information, see the following WebLogic Server
programming guides:
Web Applications provide the basic Java EE mechanism for deployment of
dynamic Web pages based on the Java EE standards of servlets and JavaServer
Pages (JSP). Web applications are also used to serve static Web content such as
HTML pages and image files.
Web Services provide a shared set of functions that are available to other systems
on a network and can be used as a component of distributed Web-based
applications.
XML capabilities include data exchange, and a means to store content independent
of its presentation, and more.
1-2 Understanding Oracle WebLogic Server
High Availability
Java Messaging Service (JMS) enables applications to communicate with one

another through the exchange of messages. A message is a request, report, and/or
event that contains information needed to coordinate communication between
different applications.
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) provides pooled access to DBMS resources.
Resource Adapters provide connectivity to Enterprise Information Systems (EISes).
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) provide Java objects to encapsulate data and business
logic.
Remote Method Invocation (RMI) is the Java standard for distributed object
computing, allowing applications to invoke methods on a remote object locally.
Security APIs allow you to integrate authentication and authorization into your
Java EE applications. You can also use the Security Provider APIs to create your
own custom security providers.
WebLogic Tuxedo Connectivity (WTC) provides interoperability between
WebLogic Server applications and Tuxedo services. WTC allows WebLogic Server
clients to invoke Tuxedo services and Tuxedo clients to invoke EJBs in response to
a service request.
Coherence provides distributed caching and data grid capabilities for WebLogic
Server applications.
Overview of WebLogic Server Application Development describes developer tools
and best practices for coding WebLogic Server applications.
In addition, WebLogic Server supports applications developed using the Spring
Framework, an open source application framework for the Java platform. Developing
and Administering Spring Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server provides an overview
of Spring and WebLogic Server support for developing and deploying Spring
applications. It also gives examples of how to write Spring applications for WebLogic
Server. See also SpringSource at http://www.springsource.org/.
1.3 High Availability

The following WebLogic Server features and tools support the deployment of highlyavailable and scalable applications:
WebLogic Server clusters provide scalability and reliability for your applications
by distributing the work load among multiple instances of WebLogic Server.
Incoming requests can be routed to a WebLogic Server instance in the cluster based
on the volume of work being processed. In case of hardware or other failures,
session state is available to other cluster nodes that can resume the work of the
failed node. In addition, you can implement clusters so that services may be hosted
on a single machine with options to migrate the service to another node in the
event of failure.
In addition to replicating HTTP session state across servers within a cluster,
WebLogic Server can also replicate HTTP session state across multiple clusters,
thereby expanding availability and fault tolerance in multiple geographic regions,
power grids, and Internet service providers.
Introduction 1-3
Diagnostic Framework
Coherence clusters provide scalability and fault tolerance by distributing data

across any number of cluster members ensuring that data is always available and
easily accessed by any application hosted in WebLogic Server.
In addition, Web applications can choose to use a Coherence data grid for storing
and replicating HTTP session state to improve scalability, fault tolerance, and
performance.
Work Managers prioritize work based on rules you define and by monitoring
actual run time performance statistics. This information is then used to optimize
the performance of your application. Work Managers may be applied globally to a
WebLogic Server domain or to a specific application or component.
Overload protection gives WebLogic Server the ability to detect, avoid, and recover
from overload conditions.
Network channels facilitate the effective use of network resources by segregating
network traffic into channels based on the type of traffic.
WebLogic Server persistent store is a built-in, high-performance storage solution
for WebLogic Server subsystems and services that require persistence. For
example, it can store persistent JMS messages or temporarily store messages sent
using the Store-and-Forward feature. The persistent store supports persistence to a
file-based store or to a JDBC-enabled database.
Store-and-forward services enable WebLogic Server to deliver messages reliably
between applications that are distributed across WebLogic Server instances. If the
message destination is not available at the moment the messages are sent, either
because of network problems or system failures, then the messages are saved on a
local server instance and are forwarded to the remote destination once it becomes
available.
Enterprise-ready deployment tools facilitate deployment and migration of
applications from the development phase to a production environment.
Production redeployment enables enterprises to deploy a new version of their
application without interrupting work in progress on the older version.
1.4 Diagnostic Framework

The WebLogic Diagnostic Framework is a monitoring and diagnostic service that lets
you create, collect, analyze, archive, and access diagnostic data generated by a running
server and its deployed applications. This data provides insight into the runtime
performance of WebLogic Server instances and deployed applications and lets you
isolate and diagnose faults and performance bottlenecks when they occur.
1.5 Security
The WebLogic Server security architecture provides a comprehensive, flexible security
infrastructure designed to address the security challenges of making applications
available on the Web. WebLogic security can be used standalone to secure WebLogic
Server applications or as part of an enterprise-wide, security management system that
represents a best-in-breed security management solution. See "Overview of the
WebLogic Security Service."
Client Options
1.6 Client Options

In addition to support for browser-based Web application clients, WebLogic Server
also supports a variety of client types for creating rich GUI applications or simple
command-line utilities. These client types include: RMI-IIOP, T3, Java SE clients, Java
EE thin clients, CORBA/IDL clients, and C++ clients that communicate with BEA
Tuxedo. See Developing Stand-alone Clients for Oracle WebLogic Server.
1.7 Integration with Oracle WebLogic Suite

WebLogic Server provides the core application server runtime within the integrated
Oracle WebLogic Suite Java infrastructure. This integrated infrastructure enhances
application performance, improves application availability, and enables predictable
and reliable application scalability with high quality of service. WebLogic Suite
includes highly productive development tools based on Oracle JDeveloper and Oracle
Enterprise pack for Eclipse, and fully integrated management for large-scale
administration and operations with Oracle Enterprise Manager. Taken together, the
development, runtime and management capabilities of WebLogic Suite provide the
foundation for implementing mission-critical enterprise applications.
WebLogic Suite contains the following server-side components:
Oracle WebLogic Server
Oracle Coherence
Oracle Coherence enables organizations to predictably scale mission-critical
applications by providing fast and reliable access to frequently used data. By
automatically and dynamically partitioning data in memory across multiple
servers, Oracle Coherence enables continuous data availability and transactional
integrity, even in the event of a server failure.
WebLogic Server includes a Coherence container that simplifies the management
and deployment of Coherence clusters and Coherence-based applications.
Oracle TopLink
Oracle TopLink builds high-performance applications that store persistent objectoriented data in a relational database. It successfully transforms object-oriented
data into either relational data or Extensible Markup Language (XML) elements.
Oracle TopLink is an advanced, object-persistence and object-transformation
framework that provides development tools and run time capabilities that reduce
development and maintenance efforts, and increase enterprise application
functionality.
Oracle TopLink includes support for EJB 3.0 in Java EE and Java SE environments,
as well as support for EJB 2.n container-managed persistence (CMP). You can
integrate Oracle TopLink with a variety of application servers, including Oracle
WebLogic Server, OC4J, SunAS, JBoss, and IBM WebSphere.
1.8 Integration with Other Systems

WebLogic Server provides a variety of tools to integrate your applications with
disparate systems. These tools include Web Services, Resource Adapters, the
JMS .NET client, the JMS C client, tooling for integrating JMS providers options,
Advanced Queuing, and RMI.
Introduction 1-5
Integration with Web Servers
1.9 Integration with Web Servers

Plug-ins are provided with your WebLogic Server installation that allow WebLogic
Server to operate with Web servers from Apache and Microsoft. Typically, these Web
servers serve static HTML content while requests for dynamic Web content such as
JSPs are directed to the WebLogic Server environment.
1.10 WebLogic Server API Examples and Sample Application

Code examples demonstrating Java EE APIs and other WebLogic Server features are
provided with your WebLogic Server installation. To work with these examples, select
the custom installation option when Installing WebLogic Server, and select to install
the Server Examples. To access the code examples, launch the
startWebLogicEx.cmd or startWebLogicEx.sh script from ORACLE_HOME/
user_projects/domains/wl_server, where ORACLE_HOME is the directory you
specified as the Oracle Home when you installed Oracle WebLogic. As they become
available, you can also download additional examples.
Along with the code examples, two versions of a complete sample application, called
Avitek Medical Records (or MedRec), are installed when you install the examples, as
described above.
The original MedRec (which was included in previous versions of WebLogic Server) is
a WebLogic Server sample application suite that concisely demonstrates all aspects of
the Java EE platform. MedRec is designed as an educational tool for all levels of Java
EE developers. It showcases the use of each Java EE component and illustrates best
practice design patterns for component interaction and client development. MedRec
also illustrates best practices for developing applications on WebLogic Server.
The Spring version of MedRec, called MedRec-Spring is MedRec recast using the
Spring Framework. If you are developing Spring applications on WebLogic Server,
you should review the MedRec-Spring sample application. In order to illustrate how
Spring can take advantage of the enterprise features of WebLogic Server, MedRec was
rearchitected to replace core Java EE components with their Spring counterparts. The
functionality in the original version of MedRec is reimplemented using Spring in
MedRec-Spring. Refer to the MedRec-Spring sample for details.
To launch MedRec, run startWebLogic.cmd or startWebLogic.sh script from
ORACLE_HOME/user_projects/domains/medrec, where ORACLE_HOME is the
directory you specified as the Oracle Home when you installed Oracle WebLogic
Server.
To launch MedRec-Spring, run the startWebLogic.cmd or startWebLogic.sh
script from ORACLE_HOME/user_projects/domains/medrec-spring, where
ORACLE_HOME is the directory you specified as the Oracle Home when you installed
Oracle WebLogic Server.
1.11 Upgrade
Tools and documentation are provided to help you migrate applications implemented
on earlier versions of WebLogic Server to the current WebLogic Server environment.
See the Upgrading Oracle WebLogic Server.
2
This chapter provides an overview of system administration for the WebLogic Server
component of your development and production environments.
Overview of WebLogic Server System Administration
Choosing the Appropriate Technology for Your Administrative Tasks
Summary of System Administration Tools and APIs
Roadmap for Administering the WebLogic Server System
2.1 Overview of WebLogic Server System Administration

System administration of WebLogic Server includes a wide range of tasks: creating
WebLogic Server domains, deploying applications, migrating domains from
development environments to production environments, monitoring and managing
the performance of the runtime system, configuring and managing security for
applications and system resources, and diagnosing and troubleshooting problems.
WebLogic Server provides several tools for system administrators to help with these
tasks, including the browser-based WebLogic Server Administration Console, the
WebLogic Scripting Tool (WLST), a scripting language for automation of WebLogic
system administration tasks based on Jython, SNMP, the Configuration Wizard, and
command-line utilities.
Because the WebLogic Server management system is based on Java EE and other
standards, it integrates with systems that are frequently used to manage other
software and hardware components. In addition, WebLogic Server implements the
Java EE Java Management Extension (JMX) specification, which allows programmatic
access to the WebLogic Server management system. Using this API, you can create
custom administration utilities or automate frequent tasks using Java classes.
The following sections provide an overview of system administration for the
WebLogic Server component of your development or production environments:
For information about installing WebLogic Server, see the Installing and Configuring
Oracle WebLogic Server and Coherence.
For information about using Fusion Middleware administration tools, such as the
Oracle Enterprise Manager Fusion Middleware Control, Oracle Fusion Middleware
command-line tools, and the Fusion Middleware Control MBean Browser, see
"Overview of Oracle Fusion Middleware Administration Tools" in Administering Oracle
Fusion Middleware.
System Administration 2-1
2.2 Choosing the Appropriate Technology for Your Administrative Tasks

Table 2-1 describes common system administration tasks and associated technologies.
Table 2-1
Choosing the Appropriate Management Technology
To do this...
Use this technology...
Create domains
The Configuration Wizard guides you through the process of creating

or extending a domain for your target environment. See Creating
WebLogic Domains Using the Configuration Wizard.
To automate the creation of domains, use the WebLogic Scripting
Tool, which is a command-line scripting interface based on Jython.
See "Creating Domains Using WLST Offline" in Understanding the
WebLogic Scripting Tool.
Or create domain configuration XML files that conform to the
WebLogic Server schema. See "Domain Configuration Files" in
Understanding Domain Configuration for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Migrate domains
from development
environments to
production
environments
Domain Template Builder's pack command archives a snapshot of a

domain into a JAR file. The unpack command expands the archive
and creates the necessary start scripts and certain security and
configuration files. See Creating Templates and Domains Using the Pack
and Unpack Commands.
Track changes in a
domain's
configuration
In environments that you allow configuration changes to active

domains, WebLogic Server automatically maintains a versioned
archive of configuration files. See "Configuration File Archiving" in
Understanding Domain Configuration for Oracle WebLogic Server.
To receive real-time notifications that a domain's configuration has
been modified, enable the configuration auditing feature. See
"Configuring the WebLogic Auditing Provider" in Administering
Security for Oracle WebLogic Server.
For tightly controlled production environments, configure the runtime domain to be read-only (see "Restricting Configuration Changes"
in Understanding Domain Configuration for Oracle WebLogic Server). You
can change the read-only setting if you need to roll in changes that
have been tested and approved in a staging environment, or you can
modify and test your staging environment, and then use a Web server
to re-route requests from your production environment to the staging
environment.
Configure
connections to
databases or other
systems
Within individual applications, you can define your own data sources
or database connections using JDBC, or connect to external systems
using resource adapters. When you deploy such an application,
WebLogic Server creates the data sources and connections for you.
See:
"Configuring WebLogic JDBC Resources" in Administering JDBC
Data Sources for Oracle WebLogic Server
"Understanding Resource Adapters" in Developing Resource
Adapters for Oracle WebLogic Server
If you have not defined your own data sources or connections within
an application, you can use the WebLogic Server Administration
Console or the WebLogic Scripting Tool to create the resources. See
Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Online Help or "Using
the WebLogic Scripting Tool" in Understanding the WebLogic Scripting
Tool.
Table 2-1
(Cont.) Choosing the Appropriate Management Technology
To do this...
Manage the server

life cycle
The Node Manager is a utility for remote control of Administration

Servers and Managed Servers. It runs separately from WebLogic
Server and lets you start up and shut down Administration Servers
and Managed Servers. While use of Node Manager is optional, it
provides additional life cycle benefits if your WebLogic Server
environment hosts applications with high availability requirements.
See "Using Node Manager to Control Servers" in the Administering
Node Manager for Oracle WebLogic Server.
To start Administration Servers or Managed Servers without using
Node Manager, use the WebLogic Scripting Tool or scripts that
WebLogic Server installs. See "Starting and Stopping Servers" in
Administering Server Startup and Shutdown for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Configure Coherence
Clusters
The WebLogic Server Administration Console provides a graphical

user interface for configuring and managing Coherence clusters;
configuring and managing cluster members; and deploying
Coherence applications. See the Administration Console Help.
If you prefer a command-line interface, use the WebLogic Scripting
Tool. See "Using the WebLogic Scripting Tool" in Understanding the
WebLogic Scripting Tool.
Modify or add
services to an active
domain
The WebLogic Server Administration Console provides a graphical

user interface for modifying or adding services to an active domain.
See the Administration Console Help. You can also modify or add
services to an active domain using Fusion Middleware Control. See
the Oracle Fusion Middleware Control Help for WebLogic Server.
If you prefer a command-line interface, use the WebLogic Scripting
Tool in interactive mode. See "Using the WebLogic Scripting Tool" in
Understanding the WebLogic Scripting Tool.
Monitor application
server services and
resources
Monitor the performance of services such as the EJB container, servlet

container, and JDBC data sources from the WebLogic Server
Administration Console or through Fusion Middleware Control.
Configure policy expressions and actions in the WebLogic
Diagnostics Framework to automatically notify administrators of
monitoring data events or integrate automated systems through JMX
or JMS. See "Configuring Policies and Actions" in Configuring and
Using the Diagnostics Framework for Oracle WebLogic Server.
If you use SNMP in your operations center, you can enable WebLogic
Server to send SNMP notifications for run-time events that you
define. See Monitoring Oracle WebLogic Server with SNMP.
Table 2-1
To do this...
Deploy applications
The WebLogic Server Administration Console provides a series of

Web-based deployment assistants that guide you through the
deployment process. See Administration Console Help. You can also
deploy applications through Fusion Middleware Control. See Oracle
Fusion Middleware Control Help for WebLogic Server.
To automate the deployment of applications, use the WebLogic
Scripting Tool. See "Deployment Commands" in WLST Command
Reference for WebLogic Server. You can also use the deployment API to
write Java programs that deploy applications. See Deploying
Applications with the WebLogic Deployment API.
For information about additional deployment utilities and APIs, see
"Deployment Tools" in Deploying Applications to Oracle WebLogic
Server.
Modify applications
in an active domain
To modify the configuration of a deployed application, use a text

editor or IDE to modify the deployment descriptor. Then either
redeploy the application or use the deployment API to upload the
modified deployment descriptor and cause the application container
to re-read the deployment descriptor.
See Deploying Applications to Oracle WebLogic Server.
Monitor activity
within applications
Determine which data points you want to monitor and then

instrument one or more beans to expose this data through JMX. See
Developing Manageable Applications Using JMX for Oracle WebLogic
Server.
Alternatively, use the WebLogic Server Diagnostics Service to insert
instrumentation code into a running application and monitor its
methods or monitor transactions that involve the application. Use this
technology to discover the cause of problems that cannot otherwise
be discovered by scanning the available monitoring metrics. If you
determine that the problem is within your application, you can
prevent the problem from recurring by using JMX to expose
attributes that indicate the application's health state is degrading. See
Configuring and Using the Diagnostics Framework for Oracle WebLogic
Server.
Optimize the
performance of your
application and
maintain service level
agreements.
Work Managers configure how your application prioritizes the

execution of its work. Based on rules you define and by monitoring
actual run-time performance, WebLogic Server can optimize the
performance of your application and maintain service level
agreements.
See "Using Work Managers to Optimize Scheduled Work" in
Administering Server Environments for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Configure and secure

administration
communications
You can separate administration traffic from application traffic in

your domain by enabling the administration port. In production
environments, separating the two forms of traffic ensures that critical
administration operations (starting and stopping servers, changing a
server's configuration, and deploying applications) do not compete
with high-volume application traffic on the same network connection.
The administration port only accepts communications that use SSL,
and therefore secures your administrative requests. See
"Administration Port and Administrative Channel" in Administering
Server Environments for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Table 2-1
To do this...
Configure logging
and view log files
Many WebLogic Server operations generate logs of their activity.

Each server has its own log as well as a standard HTTP access log.
These log files can be configured and used in a variety of ways to
monitor the health and activity of your servers and applications.
By default, WebLogic Server uses the standard JDK logging APIs to
filter and write the messages to log files. See "Understanding
WebLogic Logging Services" in Configuring Log Files and Filtering Log
Messages for Oracle WebLogic Server.
2.3 Summary of System Administration Tools and APIs

WebLogic Server includes several of its own standards-based, extensible utilities that
you can use to create, manage, and monitor domains, or you can use WebLogic
Server's management APIs to create custom management utilities.
Table 2-2 describes the utilities that are included with WebLogic Server.
Table 2-2
Management Utilities
Utility
Description
WebLogic Server
Administration
Console
The WebLogic Server Administration Console is a Web application

hosted by the Administration Server. Use it to manage and monitor
an active domain. The management capabilities include:
Configuring active domains
Stopping and starting servers
Monitoring server health and performance
Monitoring application performance
Viewing server logs
Control (start, stop, and restart) managed Coherence servers
Create and configure Coherence clusters
Through the WebLogic Server Administration Console, system
administrators can easily perform all WebLogic Server management
tasks without having to learn the JMX API or the underlying
management architecture. The Administration Server persists
changes to attributes in the config.xml file for the domain you are
managing.
See:
WebLogic Server Administration Console Online Help (The
online help is also available from the WebLogic Server
Administration Console by clicking on the Help link located in
the tool bar at the top of the Console.)
Table 2-2
(Cont.) Management Utilities
Utility
Description
Fusion Middleware
Control
WebLogic Server can also be managed through Fusion Middleware

Control. Fusion Middleware Control provides management support
for all Fusion Middleware components, including WebLogic Server.
Use Fusion Middleware Control to manage WebLogic Server when
using other Fusion Middleware products in addition to WebLogic
Server.
WebLogic Server support includes the following subsets of
functionality:
Manage WebLogic Server clusters, server instances, and domains
Deploy and redeploy applications and manage application
deployments
Create and configure JDBC data sources
Manage WebLogic Server messaging (JMS)
Create and configure users and groups
Create and configure server templates
See:
Administering Oracle WebLogic Server with Fusion Middleware
Control
Fusion Middleware Control Help for WebLogic Server
Enterprise Manager
Cloud Control
Some components of WebLogic Server can also be managed through

the Cloud Control component of Enterprise Manager. See Oracle
Cloud Control Help for WebLogic Server.
WebLogic Scripting
Tool
The WebLogic Scripting Tool (WLST) is a command-line scripting

interface that you use to manage and monitor active or inactive
WebLogic Server domains. The WLST scripting environment is based
on the Java scripting interpreter Jython. In addition to WebLogic
scripting functions, you can use common features of interpreted
languages, including local variables, conditional variables, and flow
control statements. You can extend the WebLogic scripting language
by following the Jython language syntax. See http://
www.jython.org.
See Understanding the WebLogic Scripting Tool.
Configuration
Wizard
The Configuration Wizard creates the appropriate directory structure

for a WebLogic Server domain, a config.xml file, and scripts you
can use to start the servers in your domain. The wizard uses
templates to create domains, and you can customize these templates
to duplicate your own domains.
You can also use the Configuration Wizard to add or remove services
from an existing, inactive domain.
You can run the Configuration Wizard through a graphical user
interface (GUI) or in a text-based command-line environment. This
command-line environment is called console modedo not confuse
this mode with the WebLogic Server Administration Console. You
can also create user-defined domain configuration templates for use
by the Configuration Wizard.
See Creating WebLogic Domains Using the Configuration Wizard.
Table 2-2
(Cont.) Management Utilities
Utility
Description
Configuration
Template Builder
The Configuration Template Builder provides the capability to easily

create your own domain templates, to enable, for example, the
definition and propagation of a standard domain across a
development project, or to enable the distribution of a domain along
with an application that has been developed to run on that domain.
The templates you create with the Configuration Template Builder
are used as input to the Configuration Wizard as the basis for creating
a domain that is customized for your target environment. See Creating
Domain Templates Using the Domain Template Builder.
Apache Ant tasks
You can use two Ant tasks provided with WebLogic Server to help
you perform common configuration tasks in a development
environment. Ant is a Java-based build tool similar to Make. The
configuration tasks let you start and stop WebLogic Server instances
as well as create and configure WebLogic Server domains. When
combined with other WebLogic Ant tasks, you can create powerful
build scripts for demonstrating or testing your application with
custom domains.
See "Using Ant Tasks to Configure a WebLogic Server Domain" in
Developing Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server.
SNMP Agents
WebLogic Server includes the ability to communicate with enterprisewide management systems using Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP). WebLogic Server SNMP agents let you integrate
management of WebLogic Servers into an SNMP-compliant
management system that gives you a single view of the various
software and hardware resources of a complex, distributed system.
See Monitoring Oracle WebLogic Server with SNMP.
Table 2-3 describes APIs that you can use to create your own management utilities.
Table 2-3
Management APIs
API
Description
JMX
Java Management Extensions (JMX) is the Java EE solution for

monitoring and managing resources on a network. Like SNMP and
other management standards, JMX is a public specification and many
vendors of commonly used monitoring products support it.
The WebLogic Server Administration Console, WebLogic Scripting
Tool, and other WebLogic Server utilities use the JMX APIs.
See Developing Custom Management Utilities Using JMX for Oracle
WebLogic Server.
Java EE Management
API
The Java EE Management APIs (JSR-77) enable a software developer

to create a single Java program that can discover and browse
resources, such as JDBC connection pools and deployed applications,
on any Java EE Web application server. The APIs are part of the Java
EE Management Specification, which requires all Java EE Web
application servers to describe their resources in a standard data
model.
See Developing Java EE Management Applications for Oracle WebLogic
Server.
Table 2-3
(Cont.) Management APIs
API
Description
Deployment API
The WebLogic Server deployment API implements and extends the

JSR-88 deployment specification. All WebLogic Server deployment
tools, such as the WebLogic Server Administration Console and
wldeploy Ant task, use the deployment API to configure, deploy, and
redeploy applications in a domain. You can use the deployment API
to build your own WebLogic Server deployment tools, or to integrate
WebLogic Server configuration and deployment operations with an
existing JSR-88-compliant tool.
See Deploying Applications with the WebLogic Deployment API.
WebLogic Diagnostic
Service APIs
The WebLogic Diagnostic Service includes a set of standardized APIs

that enable dynamic access and control of diagnostic data, as well as
improved monitoring that provides visibility into the server. The
interfaces are standardized to facilitate future enhancement and
integration of third-party tools, while maintaining the integrity of the
server code base. The service is well suited to the server and the
server's stack product components and targets operations and
administrative staff as primary users.
See Configuring and Using the Diagnostics Framework for Oracle
WebLogic Server.
Logging APIs
By default, WebLogic Server uses the standard JDK logging APIs to

filter and write the messages to log files. See Understanding
WebLogic Logging Services in Configuring Log Files and Filtering Log
Messages for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Alternatively, you can configure WebLogic Server to use the Jakarta
Project Log4j APIs to distribute log messages. For more information,
see Log4j and the Commons Logging API in Configuring Log Files and
Filtering Log Messages for Oracle WebLogic Server.
2.4 Roadmap for Administering the WebLogic Server System

Table 2-4
Major Task
Subtasks and Additional Information
Understanding
WebLogic Server
system
administration
Overview of WebLogic Server domains

Overview of WebLogic Server clusters
Overview of WebLogic security
Developing Custom Management Utilities Using JMX for Oracle
WebLogic Server
Tuning Performance of Oracle WebLogic Server
Installing or
upgrading WebLogic
Server
Installing and Configuring Oracle WebLogic Server and Coherence

Creating WebLogic Domains Using the Configuration Wizard
Oracle Fusion Middleware Supported System Configurations
What's New in Oracle WebLogic Server
Release Notes for Oracle WebLogic Server
Upgrading Oracle WebLogic Server
Table 2-4
(Cont.) Roadmap for Administering the WebLogic Server System
Major Task
Configuring a server
environment

Managing configuration changes
Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Online Help
Understanding the WebLogic Scripting Tool
Creating Domain Templates Using the Domain Template Builder
Learning about
server startup and
shutdown
Overview of starting and stopping servers

Understanding the life cycle of WebLogic Server instances
Server startup command-line reference
Quick Reference for starting and stopping servers
Starting or stopping a
WebLogic Server
instance
Using shell scripts

Using the Administration Console
Using the WebLogic Scripting Tool (WLST)
Using Node Manager to control remote servers
Using the Quick Reference
Configuring
Coherence clusters
Configuring and Managing Coherence Clusters

Developing Coherence Applications
Securing Coherence in WebLogic Server
Configuring security
Managing server and

network
communications
Configuring network resources

Configuring Web Server functionality
Using Oracle WebLogic Server Proxy Plug-Ins 12.1.3
Configuring system
resources
Administering JDBC Data Sources for Oracle WebLogic Server

Administering JMS Resources for Oracle WebLogic Server
Configuring WebLogic transactions
Configuring the WebLogic Tuxedo Connector
Configuring the persistent store
Configuring and
deploying
applications
Deploying Applications to Oracle WebLogic Server

Configuring Web applications
Configuring XML resources
Configuring resource adapters
Understanding WebLogic Web Services for Oracle WebLogic Server
Monitoring your
domain
Configuring and Using the Diagnostics Framework for Oracle WebLogic

Server
Monitoring Oracle WebLogic Server with SNMP
Configuring Log Files and Filtering Log Messages for Oracle WebLogic
Server
Developing Java EE Management Applications for Oracle WebLogic
Server
Using the Monitoring Dashboard
Overview of WebLogic Server security

Administering Security for Oracle WebLogic Server
Securing a Production Environment for Oracle WebLogic Server
Securing Resources Using Roles and Policies for Oracle WebLogic
Server
Table 2-4
(Cont.) Roadmap for Administering the WebLogic Server System
Major Task
Configuring server
environments for
high availability
Understanding the
WebLogic persistent
store
Using the WebLogic persistent store

Configuring custom persistent stores
Tuning the WebLogic persistent store
Troubleshooting
Viewing the WebLogic Server Error Message Catalog

Tuning Performance of Oracle WebLogic Server
Troubleshooting common problems with clustering
Administering Node Manager for Oracle WebLogic Server
Reference
Administration Console Accessibility Notes for Oracle WebLogic Server

Command Reference for Oracle WebLogic Server
SNMP MIB for Oracle WebLogic Server
WLST Command Reference for WebLogic Server
MBean Reference for Oracle WebLogic Server
Understanding cluster architectures

Setting up WebLogic Server clusters
Using session replication across clusters
Using Work Managers to prioritize application execution
Avoiding and managing overload
3
This chapter introduces and describes the WebLogic Server Administration Console
and Fusion Middleware Control.
Using the WebLogic Server Administration Console
Using Fusion Middleware Control
3.1 Using the WebLogic Server Administration Console

The section introduces the WebLogic Server Administration Console.
It includes the following sections:
About the WebLogic Server Administration Console
Starting the WebLogic Server Administration Console
Elements of the WebLogic Server Administration Console
Using the Change Center
3.1.1 About the WebLogic Server Administration Console

The WebLogic Server Administration Console is a Web browser-based, graphical user
interface that you use to manage a WebLogic Server domain. A WebLogic Server
domain is a logically related group of WebLogic Server resources that you manage as
a unit. A domain includes one or more WebLogic Servers and may also include
WebLogic Server clusters. Clusters are groups of WebLogic Servers instances that
work together to provide scalability and high-availability for applications. You deploy
and manage your applications as part of a domain.
One instance of WebLogic Server in each domain is configured as an Administration
Server. The Administration Server provides a central point for managing a WebLogic
Server domain. All other WebLogic Server instances in a domain are called Managed
Servers. In a domain with only a single WebLogic Server instance, that server
functions both as Administration Server and Managed Server. The Administration
Server hosts the WebLogic Server Administration Console, which is a Web application
accessible from any supported Web browser with network access to the
Administration Server. Managed Servers host applications.
Use the WebLogic Server Administration Console to:
Configure, start, and stop WebLogic Server instances
Configure WebLogic Server clusters
Overview of Administration Consoles 3-1
Configure WebLogic Server services, such as database connectivity (JDBC) and

messaging (JMS)
Configure security parameters, including managing users, groups, and roles
Configure and deploy your applications
Monitor server and application performance
View server and domain log files
View application deployment descriptors
Edit selected run-time application deployment descriptor elements
Control (start, stop, and restart) managed Coherence servers
Create and configure Coherence clusters
3.1.1.1 WebLogic Server Administration Console Online Help

The WebLogic Server Administration Console includes a complete help system. It has
two parts:
How do I...?, which documents procedures for tasks you can perform through
using the WebLogic Server Administration Console.
WebLogic Server Administration Console Reference, which provides reference
information for each page in the WebLogic Server Administration Console,
including descriptions of the attributes you can set using the WebLogic Server
Administration Console.
You can access the WebLogic Server Administration Console online help either
through the WebLogic Server Administration Console itself, or in Oracle WebLogic
Server Administration Console Online Help.
3.1.1.2 Console Errors

Messages (including information, warning, and error messages) can be generated and
logged in the course of using the WebLogic Server Administration Console. You can
view WebLogic Server logs from the Diagnostics > Log Files page of the WebLogic
Server Administration Console.
3.1.2 Starting the WebLogic Server Administration Console

This section contains instructions for starting the WebLogic Server Administration
Console.
To use the WebLogic Server Administration Console, use one of the supported Web
browsers for your environment. See "Supported Configurations" in What's New in
Oracle WebLogic Server. If your Web browser is not a supported browser, you may
experience functional or formatting problems when using the WebLogic Server
Administration Console.
To start the WebLogic Server Administration Console:
1. Start an Administration Server.
2. Open one of the supported Web browsers to the following URL:
http://hostname:port/console
where hostname is the DNS name or IP address of the Administration Server and
port is the listen port on which the Administration Server is listening for requests
(port 7001 by default). If you have configured a domain-wide administration port,
use that port number. If you configured the Administration Server to use Secure
Socket Layer (SSL) you must add s after http as follows:
https://hostname:port/console
Note:
A domain-wide administration port always uses SSL.

3. When the login page appears, enter the user name and the password you used to
start the Administration Server (you may have specified this user name and
password during the installation process) or enter a user name that belongs to one
of the following security groups: Administrators, Operators, Deployers, or
Monitors. These groups provide various levels of access to system administration
functions in the WebLogic Server Administration Console.
Using the security system, you can add or delete users to one of these groups to
provide controlled access to the Console.
Note:
If you have your browser configured to send HTTP requests to a proxy server,
then you may need to configure your browser to not send Administration
Server HTTP requests to the proxy. If the Administration Server is on the same
machine as the browser, then ensure that requests sent to localhost or 127.0.0.1
are not sent to the proxy.
3.1.2.1 Enabling the WebLogic Server Administration Console

By default, the WebLogic Server Administration Console is enabled. If you disable it,
you can re-enable it using the WebLogic Scripting Tool (WLST). Start the
Administration Server, then invoke WLST and use the following commands:
Example 3-1
Using WLST to Re-enable the Console
connect("username","password")
edit()
startEdit()
cmo.setConsoleEnabled(true)
save()
activate()
The following attribute(s) have been changed on MBeans which require server re-start.
MBean Changed : com.bea:Name=mydomain,Type=Domain Attributes changed :
ConsoleEnabled
Activation completed
disconnect()
exit()
For information about using WLST, see Understanding the WebLogic Scripting Tool.
3.1.3 Elements of the WebLogic Server Administration Console

The WebLogic Server Administration Console user interface includes the following
panels:
3.1.3.1 Change Center

This is the starting point for using the WebLogic Server Administration Console to
make changes in WebLogic Server. See Using the Change Center .
Figure 3-1
Change Center
3.1.3.2 Domain Structure

This panel contains a tree structure you can use to navigate to pages in the WebLogic
Server Administration Console. Select any of the nodes in the Domain Structure tree to
view that page. Click a + (plus) icon in the Domain Structure to expand a node and a (minus) icon to collapse the node.
Figure 3-2
Domain Structure
3.1.3.3 How do I...

This panel includes links to online help tasks that are relevant to the current Console
page.
Figure 3-3
How do I...
3.1.3.4 Tool Bar

The tool bar at the top of the Console includes the following elements:
Tool Bar Element
Description
Welcome message
Indicates user name with which you have logged into the Console.
Connected to:
The IP address and port you used to connect to the Console.
Home
A link to the top page of the Console.
Log Out
Click to log out of the Console.
Preferences
A link to a page where you can change some Console behavior.
Record
Starts recording your configuration actions as a series of WebLogic

Scripting Tool (WLST) commands. Writes the commands to a
separate file that you can replay in WLST.
See "Record WLST Scripts" in Oracle WebLogic Server Administration
Console Online Help.
Help
A link to the WebLogic Server Administration Console Online Help.
Search
A text field in which you can enter a string to find any WebLogic
Server Configuration MBeans that contain the string you specified in
their name.
Figure 3-4
Tool Bar
3.1.3.5 Breadcrumb Navigation

A series of links that show the path you have taken through the WebLogic Server
Administration Console's pages. You can click on any of the links to return to a
previously-visited page.
Figure 3-5
Breadcrumb Navigation
3.1.3.6 System Status

The System Status panel reports on the number of information, error, and warning
messages that have been logged. You can view these messages in the server log files,
which you can access from the WebLogic Server Administration Console at
Diagnostics > Log Files.
Figure 3-6
System Status
3.1.4 Using the Change Center

The starting point for using the WebLogic Server Administration Console to make
changes in your WebLogic Server domain is the Change Center. The Change Center
provides a way to lock a domain configuration so you can make changes to the
configuration while preventing other accounts from making changes during your edit
session. See How Change Management Works .
The domain configuration locking feature is always enabled in production domains. It
can be enabled or disabled in development domains. It is disabled by default when
you create a new development domain. See "Enable and disable the domain
configuration lock" in Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Online Help.
To change a production domain's configuration, you must:
1.
Locate the Change Center in the upper left of the WebLogic Server Administration
Console screen.
2.
Click the Lock & Edit button to lock the configuration edit hierarchy for the
domain.
3.
Make the changes you desire on the relevant page of the Console. Click Save on
each page where you make a change.
4.
When you have finished making all the desired changes, click Activate Changes
in the Change Center.
As you make configuration changes using the WebLogic Server Administration

Console, you click Save (or in some cases Finish) on the appropriate pages. This does
not cause the changes to take effect immediately. The changes take effect when you
click Activate Changes in the Change Center. At that point, the configuration changes
are distributed to each of the servers in the domain. If the changes are acceptable to
each of the servers, then they take effect. If any server cannot accept a change, then all
of the changes are rolled back from all of the servers in the domain. The changes are
left in a pending state; you can then either edit the pending changes to resolve the
problem or revert the pending changes.
3.1.4.1 Undoing Changes

You can revert any pending (saved, but not yet activated) changes by clicking Undo
All Changes in the Change Center. You can revert any individual change by going to
the appropriate page in the WebLogic Server Administration Console and restoring
the attribute to its previous value.
3.1.4.2 Releasing the Configuration Lock

You release the configuration lock as follows:
Before you make changes, click Release Configuration in the Change Center to
release the lock explicitly.
After you save changes, click Activate Changes or Undo All Changes in the
Change Center to release the lock implicitly.
Stopping the Administration Server does not release the configuration lock. When the
Administration Server starts again, the configuration lock is in the same state it was in
when the Administration Server was shut down, and any pending changes are
preserved.
3.1.4.3 How Change Management Works

To provide a secure, predictable means for distributing configuration changes in a
domain, WebLogic Server imposes a change management process that loosely
resembles a database transaction. The configuration of a domain is represented on the
file system by a set of XML configuration files, centralized in the config.xml file,
and at run time by a hierarchy of Configuration MBeans. When you edit the domain
configuration, you edit a separate hierarchy of Configuration MBeans that resides on
the Administration Server. To start the edit process, you obtain a lock on the edit
hierarchy to prevent other people from making changes. When you finish making
changes, you save the changes to the edit hierarchy. The changes do not take effect,
however, until you activate them, distributing them to all server instances in the
domain. When you activate changes, each server determines whether it can accept the
change. If all servers are able to accept the change, they update their working
configuration hierarchy and the change is completed.
For more information about change management, see "Managing Configuration
Changes" in Understanding Domain Configuration for Oracle WebLogic Server.
3.1.4.4 Dynamic and Non-Dynamic Changes

Some changes you make in the WebLogic Server Administration Console take place
immediately when you activate them. Other changes require you to restart the server
or module affected by the change. These latter changes are called non-dynamic changes.
Non-dynamic changes are indicated in the WebLogic Server Administration Console
with this warning icon:
Changes to dynamic configuration attributes become available once they are activated,
without restarting the affected server or system restart. These changes are made
available to the server and run-time hierarchies once they are activated. Changes to
non-dynamic configuration attributes require that the affected servers or system
resources be restarted before they become effective.
If a change is made to a non-dynamic configuration setting, no changes to dynamic
configuration settings will take effect until after restart. This is to assure that a batch of
updates having a combination of dynamic and non-dynamic attribute edits will not be
partially activated.
Note that WebLogic Server's change management process applies to changes in
domain and server configuration data, not to security or application data.
Using Fusion Middleware Control
3.1.4.5 Viewing Changes

You can view any changes that you have saved, but not yet activated, by clicking the
View Changes and Restarts link in the Change Center. The View Changes and Restarts
link presents two tabs, Change List and Restart Checklist:
The Change List page presents all changes that have been saved, but not yet
activated.
The Restart Checklist lists all servers for which non-dynamic changes have been
activated, but which require restarts before the changes become effective.
3.2 Using Fusion Middleware Control

WebLogic Server can also be managed through Fusion Middleware Control. Fusion
Middleware Control provides management support for all Fusion Middleware
components, including WebLogic Server. Use Fusion Middleware Control to manage
WebLogic Server when using other Fusion Middleware products in addition to
WebLogic Server.
3.2.1 Fusion Middleware Control Online Help

Fusion Middleware Control includes a complete help system. It has two parts:
How do I...?, which documents procedures for tasks you can perform using Fusion
Middleware Control.
Help For This Page, which provides reference information for each page, including
descriptions of the attributes.
To access the Fusion Middleware Control help, select Help from the user profile menu
at the top of the page. You can then select either How Do I? or Help For This Page.
For more information on using Fusion Middleware Control, see "Getting Started Using
Oracle Enterprise Manager Fusion Middleware Control" in Administering Oracle Fusion
Middleware.
For more information on managing WebLogic Server using Fusion Middleware
Control, see the Oracle Fusion Middleware Control Help for WebLogic Server and
Administering Oracle WebLogic Server with Fusion Middleware Control.
4
WebLogic Server Domains
This chapter describes WebLogic Server domains, logically related groups of Oracle
WebLogic Server resources.
Understanding Domains
Organizing Domains
Contents of a Domain
Roadmap for Understanding WebLogic Server Domains
4.1 Understanding Domains

An Oracle WebLogic Server administration domain is a logically related group of
Oracle WebLogic Server resources. Domains include a special Oracle WebLogic Server
instance called the Administration Server, which is the central point from which you
configure and manage all resources in the domain. Usually, you configure a domain to
include additional Oracle WebLogic Server instances called Managed Servers. You
deploy Web applications, EJBs, Web services, and other resources onto the Managed
Servers and use the Administration Server for configuration and management
purposes only.
4.2 Organizing Domains

You can use a single Oracle WebLogic Server installation to create and run multiple
domains, or you can use multiple installations to run a single domain. See Figure 4-1.
WebLogic Server Domains 4-1
Figure 4-1
Oracle WebLogic Server Installations and Domains
How you organize your Oracle WebLogic Server installations into domains depends
on your business needs. You can define multiple domains based on different system
administrators' responsibilities, application boundaries, or geographical locations of
the machines on which servers run. Conversely, you might decide to use a single
domain to centralize all Oracle WebLogic Server administration activities.
Depending on your particular business needs and system administration practices,
you might decide to organize your domains based on criteria such as:
Logical divisions of applications. For example, you might have one domain
devoted to end-user functions such as shopping carts and another domain devoted
to back-end accounting applications.
Physical location. You might establish separate domains for different locations or
branches of your business. Each physical location requires its own Oracle
WebLogic Server installation.
Size. You might find that domains organized in small units can be managed more
efficiently, perhaps by different system administrators. Contrarily, you might find
that maintaining a single domain or a small number of domains makes it easier to
maintain a consistent configuration.
For development or test environments, you can create a simple domain that consists of
a single server instance. This single instance acts as an Administration Server and
hosts the applications that you are developing. The wl_server domain that you can
install with Oracle WebLogic Server is an example of this type of domain.
4.3 Contents of a Domain

Figure 4-2 shows a production environment that contains an Administration Server,
three stand-alone Managed Servers, and a cluster of three Managed Servers.
Although the scope and purpose of a domain can vary significantly, most Oracle
WebLogic Server domains contain the components described in this section.
Figure 4-2
4.3.1 Administration Server

The Administration Server operates as the central control entity for the configuration
of the entire domain. It maintains the domain's configuration documents and
distributes changes in the configuration documents to Managed Servers. You can also
use the Administration Server as a central location from which to monitor all resources
in a domain.
To interact with the Administration Server, you can use any of the administration
tools listed in "Summary of System Administration Tools and APIs. " See System
Administration for information about modifying the domain's configuration.
Each Oracle WebLogic Server domain must have one server instance that acts as the
Administration Server.
For more information about the Administration Server and its role in the Oracle
WebLogic Server JMX management system, see System Administration.
4.3.2 Managed Servers and Managed Server Clusters

Managed Servers host business applications, application components, Web services,
and their associated resources. To optimize performance, Managed Servers maintain a
read-only copy of the domain's configuration document. When a Managed Server
starts up, it connects to the domain's Administration Server to synchronize its
configuration document with the document that the Administration Server maintains.
For production environments that require increased application performance,
throughput, or high availability, you can configure two or more Managed Servers to
operate as a cluster. A cluster is a collection of multiple Oracle WebLogic Server
instances running simultaneously and working together to provide increased
scalability and reliability. In a cluster, most resources and services are deployed
identically to each Managed Server (as opposed to a single Managed Server), enabling
failover and load balancing. A single domain can contain multiple Oracle WebLogic
Server clusters, as well as multiple Managed Servers that are not configured as
clusters. The key difference between clustered and non-clustered Managed Servers is
support for failover and load balancing. These features are available only in a cluster
of Managed Servers. For more information about the benefits and capabilities of an
Oracle WebLogic Server cluster, see "Understanding WebLogic Server Clustering" in
Administering Clusters for Oracle WebLogic Server.
4.3.3 Managed Coherence Servers and Coherence Clusters

Managed Coherence Servers provide in-memory distributed caching for applications.
A Managed Server that is configured to be a Coherence cluster member is a Managed
Coherence Server. Coherence is integrated within WebLogic server as a container
subsystem. The use of a container aligns the lifecycle of a Coherence member with the
lifecycle of a Managed Server: starting or stopping a server JVM starts and stops a
Coherence cluster member.
A domain can contain a single Coherence cluster that can be associated with Multiple
WebLogic Server clusters. Managed Coherence servers that are part of a WebLogic
Server cluster inherit their Coherence settings from the WebLogic Server cluster.
WebLogic Server clusters are typically used to setup Coherence tiers that organize
Managed Coherence servers based on their role in the Coherence cluster.
For details on configuring and managing Coherence clusters, see Administering
Clusters for Oracle WebLogic Server.
4.3.4 Resources and Services

In addition to the Administration Server and Managed Servers, a domain also contains
the resources and services that Managed Servers and deployed applications require.
Managed Servers can use the following resources:
Machine definitions that identify a particular, physical piece of hardware. A
machine definition is used to associate a computer with the Managed Servers it
hosts. This information is used by Node Manager in restarting a failed Managed
Server, and by a clustered Managed Server in selecting the best location for storing
replicated session data. For more information about Node Manager, see "Node
Manager Overview" in the Administering Node Manager for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Network channels that define default ports, protocols, and protocol settings that a
Managed Server uses to communicate with clients. After creating a network
channel, you can assign it to any number of Managed Servers and clusters in the
domain. For more information, see "Configuring Network Resources" in
Administering Server Environments for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Virtual hosting, which defines a set of host names to which Oracle WebLogic
Server instances (servers) or clusters respond. When you use virtual hosting, you
use DNS to specify one or more host names that map to the IP address of a server
or cluster. You also specify which Web applications are served by each virtual host.
Applications can use the following resources and services:
Security providers, which are modular components that handle specific aspects of
security, such as authentication and authorization.
Resource adapters, which are system libraries specific to Enterprise Information
Systems (EIS) and provide connectivity to an EIS.
Diagnostics and monitoring services.
JDBC data sources, which enable applications to connect to databases.
Mail sessions.
XML entity caches and registry of XML parsers and transformer factories.
Messaging services such as JMS servers and store-and-forward services.
Persistent store, which is a physical repository for storing data, such as persistent
JMS messages. It can be either a JDBC-accessible database or a disk-based file.
Startup classes, which are Java programs that you create to provide custom,
system-wide services for your applications.
Work Managers, which determine how an application prioritizes the execution of
its work based on rules you define and by monitoring actual run-time performance.
You can create Work Mangers for entire Oracle WebLogic Server domains or for
specific application components.
Work Contexts, which enable applications to pass properties to a remote context
without including the properties in a remote call.
4.4 Roadmap for Understanding WebLogic Server Domains

Table 4-1
Major Task
Learning more about

WebLogic Server
domains
Creating domains
Configuring domains
Configuring existing WebLogic domains

Understanding Domain Configuration for Oracle WebLogic Server
Managing configuration changes
Working with
domain templates

Creating and using a domain template (offline)
Examples
WLST offline sample scripts
What to do if the Administration Server fails

Domain restrictions
Domain configuration files
Overview of change management

Overview of the Configuration Wizard
Extending WebLogic domains
Creating Templates and Domains Using the Pack and Unpack
Commands
Creating WebLogic domains using WLST offline
In addition, sample scripts are provided that configure WebLogic

domain resources using WLST offline and online on the Oracle
Technology Network site.
Reference
Domain Template Reference

Domain configuration schema
Domain security schema
5
WebLogic Server Clustering
This chapter introduces WebLogic Server clusters, groups of WebLogic Server server
instances running simultaneously and working together to provide increased
scalability and reliability.
Overview of WebLogic Server Clusters
Relationship Between Clusters and Domains
Relationship Between Coherence and WebLogic Server Clusters
Benefits of Clustering
Key Capabilities of Clusters
Objects That Can Be Clustered
Objects That Cannot Be Clustered
Overview of Dynamic Clusters
Roadmap for Clustering in WebLogic Server
5.1 Overview of WebLogic Server Clusters

A WebLogic Server cluster consists of multiple WebLogic Server server instances
running simultaneously and working together to provide increased scalability and
reliability. A cluster appears to clients to be a single WebLogic Server instance. The
server instances that constitute a cluster can run on the same machine, or be located on
different machines. You can increase a cluster's capacity by adding additional server
instances to the cluster on an existing machine, or you can add machines to the cluster
to host the incremental server instances. Each server instance in a cluster must run the
same version of WebLogic Server.
5.2 Relationship Between Clusters and Domains

A cluster is part of a particular WebLogic Server domain.
A domain is an interrelated set of WebLogic Server resources that are managed as a
unit. A domain includes one or more WebLogic Server instances, which can be
clustered, non-clustered, or a combination of clustered and non-clustered instances. A
domain can include multiple clusters. A domain also contains the application
components deployed in the domain, and the resources and services required by those
application components and the server instances in the domain. Examples of the
resources and services used by applications and server instances include machine
definitions, optional network channels, connectors, and startup classes.
WebLogic Server Clustering 5-1
Relationship Between Coherence and WebLogic Server Clusters
You can use a variety of criteria for organizing WebLogic Server instances into
domains. For instance, you might choose to allocate resources to multiple domains
based on logical divisions of the hosted application, geographical considerations, or
the number or complexity of the resources under management. For additional
information about domains see Understanding Domain Configuration for Oracle WebLogic
Server.
In each domain, one WebLogic Server instance acts as the Administration Serverthe
server instance which configures, manages, and monitors all other server instances
and resources in the domain. Each Administration Server manages one domain only.
If a domain contains multiple clusters, each cluster in the domain has the same
Administration Server. All server instances in a cluster must reside in the same
domain; you cannot "split" a cluster over multiple domains. Similarly, you cannot
share a configured resource or subsystem between domains.
Clustered WebLogic Server instances behave similarly to non-clustered instances,
except that they provide failover and load balancing. The process and tools used to
configure clustered WebLogic Server instances are the same as those used to configure
non-clustered instances. However, to achieve the load balancing and failover benefits
that clustering enables, you must adhere to certain guidelines for cluster configuration.
5.3 Relationship Between Coherence and WebLogic Server Clusters

Coherence clusters consist of multiple managed Coherence server instances that work
together to distribute data in-memory to increase application scalability, availability,
and performance. A client interacts with the data in a local cache and the distribution
and backup of the data is automatically performed across cluster members.
Coherence clusters are different than WebLogic Server clusters. They use different
clustering protocols and are configured separately. A WebLogic Server domain can
contain a single Coherence cluster. Multiple WebLogic Server clusters can be
associated with a Coherence cluster.
For details on configuring and managing Coherence clusters, see Administering
5.4 Benefits of Clustering

A WebLogic Server cluster provides these benefits:
Scalability
The capacity of an application deployed on a WebLogic Server cluster can be
increased dynamically to meet demand. You can add server instances to a cluster
without interruption of servicethe application continues to run without impact to
clients and end users.
High-Availability
In a WebLogic Server cluster, application processing can continue when a server
instance fails. You "cluster" application components by deploying them on multiple
server instances in the clusterso, if a server instance on which a component is
running fails, another server instance on which that component is deployed can
continue application processing.
Key Capabilities of Clusters
5.5 Key Capabilities of Clusters

This section defines, in non-technical terms, the key clustering capabilities that enable
scalability and high availability.
Application Failover
Simply put, failover means that when an application component doing a particular
"job"some set of processing tasksbecomes unavailable for any reason, a copy of
the failed object finishes the job.
Migration
WebLogic Server supports automatic and manual migration of a clustered server
instance from one machine to another. A Managed Server that can be migrated is
referred to as a migratable server. This feature is designed for environments with
requirements for high availability.
Load Balancing
Load balancing is the even distribution of jobs and associated communications
across the computing and networking resources in your environment.
5.6 Objects That Can Be Clustered

A clustered application or application component is one that is available on multiple
WebLogic Server instances in a cluster. If an object is clustered, failover and load
balancing for that object is available. Deploy objects homogeneouslyto every server
instance in your clusterto simplify cluster administration, maintenance, and
troubleshooting.
Web applications can consist of different types of objects, including Enterprise Java
Beans (EJBs), servlets, and Java Server Pages (JSPs). Each object type has a unique set
of behaviors related to control, invocation, and how it functions within an application.
For this reason, the methods that WebLogic Server uses to support clusteringand
hence to provide load balancing and failovercan vary for different types of objects.
The following types of objects can be clustered in a WebLogic Server deployment:
Servlets
JSPs
EJBs
Remote Method Invocation (RMI) objects
Java Messaging Service (JMS) destinations
Coherence cluster and managed Coherence servers
Timer services
5.7 Objects That Cannot Be Clustered

The following APIs and internal services cannot be clustered in WebLogic Server:
File services including file shares
WebLogic Server Clustering 5-3
Overview of Dynamic Clusters
5.8 Overview of Dynamic Clusters

Dynamic clusters consist of server instances that can be dynamically scaled up to meet
the resource needs of your application. A dynamic cluster uses a single server
template to define configuration for a specified number of generated (dynamic) server
instances.
When you create a dynamic cluster, the dynamic servers are preconfigured and
automatically generated for you, enabling you to easily scale up the number of server
instances in your dynamic cluster when you need additional server capacity. You can
simply start the dynamic servers without having to first manually configure and add
them to the cluster.
For more information about dynamic clusters, see "Dynamic Clusters" in Administering
5.9 Roadmap for Clustering in WebLogic Server

Table 5-1
Roadmap for Clustering in WebLogic Server
Major Task
Learning more about

WebLogic Server
clustering
Clustering servlets and JSPs

Clustering EJBs and RMI objects
JMS and clustering
Coherence clustering
Dynamic clusters
Configuring a cluster
Understanding cluster configuration

Communications in a cluster
Cluster architectures
Setting up WebLogic Server clusters
Clustering best practices
Setting up Coherence clusters
Configuring elasticity
for a dynamic cluster
Performing on-demand scaling

Configuring elastic actions
Configuring calendar based scaling
Configuring policy based scaling
Learning more about

load balancing and
failover in a cluster
Load balancing in a cluster

Failover and replication in a cluster
Configuring BIG-IP hardware with clusters
Configuring F5 load balancers for MAN/WAN failover
Configuring Radware load balancers for MAN/WAN failover
Migrating servers
and services in a
cluster
Whole server migration

Service migration
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting common problems

Troubleshooting multicast configuration
Reference
The WebLogic cluster API
6
Developing Applications in WebLogic
Server
This chapter describes application development in WebLogic Server.
WebLogic Server and the Java EE Platform
Overview of Java EE Applications and Modules
Roadmap for Developing Applications in WebLogic Server
6.1 WebLogic Server and the Java EE Platform

WebLogic Server implements Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) Version 6.0
technologies (see http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/
overview/index.html). Java EE is the standard platform for developing multi-tier
enterprise applications based on the Java programming language. The technologies
that make up Java EE were developed collaboratively by several software vendors. For
background information on Java EE 6 application development, refer to the Java EE 6
Tutorial at: http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/tutorial/doc/.
An important aspect of the Java EE programming model is the introduction of
metadata annotations. Annotations simplify the application development process by
allowing a developer to specify within the Java class itself how the application
component behaves in the container, requests for dependency injection, and so on.
Annotations are an alternative to deployment descriptors that were required by older
versions of enterprise applications (Java EE 1.4 and earlier).
Starting in Java EE 5 and continuing in Java EE 6, the focus has been ease of
development. There is less code to write much of the boilerplate code has been
removed, defaults are used whenever possible, and annotations are used extensively
to reduce the need for deployment descriptors.
EJB 3.1 provides simplified programming and packaging model changes. The
mandatory use of Java interfaces from previous versions has been removed,
allowing plain old Java objects to be annotated and used as EJB components. The
simplification is further enhanced through the ability to place EJB modules directly
inside of Web applications, removing the need to produce archives to store the
Web and EJB components and combine them together in an EAR file.
Java EE 6 includes simplified Web services support and the latest Web services
APIs, making it an ideal implementation platform for Service-Oriented
Architectures (SOA).
Developing Applications in WebLogic Server 6-1
Overview of Java EE Applications and Modules
Constructing Web applications is made easier with JavaServer Faces (JSF)

technology and the JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL). Java EE 6 supports rich thinclient technologies such as AJAX, for building applications for Web 2.0.
WebLogic Server Java EE applications are based on standardized, modular
components. WebLogic Server provides a complete set of services for those modules
and handles many details of application behavior automatically, without requiring
programming. Java EE defines module behaviors and packaging in a generic, portable
way, postponing run-time configuration until the module is actually deployed on an
application server.
Java EE includes deployment specifications for Web applications, EJB modules, Web
services, enterprise applications, client applications, and connectors. Java EE does not
specify how an application is deployed on the target serveronly how a standard
module or application is packaged. For each module type, the specifications define the
files required and their location in the directory structure.
Java is platform independent, so you can edit and compile code on any platform, and
test your applications on development WebLogic Servers running on other platforms.
For example, it is common to develop WebLogic Server applications on a PC running
Windows or Linux, regardless of the platform where the application is ultimately
deployed.
For more information, refer to the Java EE specification at: http://
www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/tech/indexjsp-142185.html.
6.2 Overview of Java EE Applications and Modules

A WebLogic Server Java EE application consists of one of the following modules or
applications running on WebLogic Server:
Web application modulesHTML pages, servlets, JavaServer Pages, and related
files. See "Web Application Modules" in Developing Applications for Oracle WebLogic
Server.
Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) modulesentity beans, session beans, and messagedriven beans. See "Enterprise JavaBean Modules" in Developing Applications for
Connector modulesresource adapters. See "Connector Modules" in Developing
Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Enterprise applicationsWeb application modules, EJB modules, resource
adapters and Web Services packaged into an application. See "Enterprise
Applications" in Developing Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Web servicesSee "WebLogic Web Services" in Developing Applications for Oracle
WebLogic Server.
A WebLogic application can also include the following WebLogic-specific modules:
JDBC and JMS modulesSee "JMS and JDBC Modules" in Developing Applications
for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Coherence Grid modulesSee "Packaging Coherence Applications" in Developing
Oracle Coherence Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server.
WebLogic Diagnostic FrameWork (WLDF) modulesSee "WebLogic Diagnostic

Framework Modules" in Developing Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server.
6.3 Roadmap for Developing Applications in WebLogic Server

Table 6-1
Major Task
Learning more about

application
development
Setting up your
development
environment
Starting and stopping WebLogic Server

Use the "split development directory" to develop your
applications
Designing your
application
Using shared Java EE libraries and optional packages to share

code among deployed applications
Programming JSF and JSTL applications
Using life cycle listeners
Using the HTTP publish-subscribe server
Using Coherence to cache data
Using Coherence to cache HTTP session data
Developing Applications with the WebLogic Security Service
Internationalize or localize your application
Using threads in WebLogic Server
Using WebSockets in WebLogic Server
Adding WebLogic Logging Services to Applications Deployed on Oracle
WebLogic Server
Developing Stand-alone Clients for Oracle WebLogic Server
Designing manageable applications
Building your
application
Developing Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server

Deploying your "split development directory" application on
WebLogic Server
Using Ant tasks to compile Java code
Using development
tools
Moving your
application to a
production
environment
Preparing your application or module for deployment

Configuring your application for production deployment
Updating your deployed application (production redeployment)
XML deployment descriptors

Deployment plans
Best practices for developing WebLogic Server applications
Understanding application life cycle events
Understanding production redeployment
Understanding WebLogic Server application classloading
Overview of shared Java EE libraries and optional packages
Development software
Ant
Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Online Help
EJBGen
Understanding the WebLogic Scripting Tool
Table 6-1
(Cont.) Roadmap for Developing Applications in WebLogic Server
Major Task
Application
examples
Java EE 7 Examples
Additional API Examples
Avitek Medical Records
A complete and functional Java EE application including source
code. The MedRec (Spring) sample application demonstrates
Spring 3.0.x application development practices.
Java EE API
programming guides
Developing Custom Management Utilities Using JMX for Oracle

WebLogic Server
Developing Manageable Applications Using JMX for Oracle WebLogic
Server
Developing Security Providers for Oracle WebLogic Server
Developing and Administering Spring Applications for Oracle
WebLogic Server
Solution Guide for Oracle TopLink
Developing Web Applications, Servlets, and JSPs for Oracle WebLogic
Server
Developing Java EE Management Applications for Oracle WebLogic
Server
Developing Enterprise JavaBeans for Oracle WebLogic Server
Developing JDBC Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server
Developing JMS Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server
Developing JNDI Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server
Developing JTA Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server
Developing Resource Adapters for Oracle WebLogic Server
Developing RMI Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server
Developing XML Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server
Developing Stand-alone Clients for Oracle WebLogic Server
Deploying Applications with the WebLogic Deployment API
Developing JCOM Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server
Developing JSP Tag Extensions for Oracle WebLogic Server
Developing Applications with the WebLogic Security Service
Developing JAX-WS Web Services for Oracle WebLogic Server
Developing CommonJ Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server
Adding WebLogic Logging Services to Applications Deployed on Oracle
WebLogic Server
Administering Clusters for Oracle WebLogic Server
Developing Oracle WebLogic Tuxedo Connector Applications for Oracle
WebLogic Server
Javadoc and API

reference
Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) Version 7

Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) Version 7
JMS C API Reference for Oracle WebLogic Server
Java API Reference for Oracle WebLogic Server
Microsoft .NET Messaging API for Oracle WebLogic Server
Table 6-1
(Cont.) Roadmap for Developing Applications in WebLogic Server
Major Task
General reference
XML deployment descriptors

WebLogic JSP cache, process, and repeat tags
WebLogic JSP form validation tags
MBean Reference for Oracle WebLogic Server
WebLogic Server Error Message Catalog
7
Deploying Applications in WebLogic Server
This chapter describes application deployment in WebLogic Server.
Overview of the Deployment Process
Java EE 7 Deployment Implementation
Fast Track Deployment Guide
Roadmap for Deploying Applications in WebLogic Server
7.1 Overview of the Deployment Process

The term application deployment refers to the process of making an application or
module available for processing client requests in a WebLogic Server domain.
Application deployment generally involves the following tasks:
"Preparing Applications and Modules for Deployment"
"Configuring Applications for Production Deployment"
"Exporting an Application for Deployment to New Environments"
"Deploying Applications and Modules with weblogic.Deployer"
"Redeploying Applications in a Production Environment"
"Managing Deployed Applications"
7.2 Java EE 6 Deployment Implementation

WebLogic Server implements the Java EE 7 specification. Java EE 7 includes a
deployment specification, JSR-88, that describes a standard API used by deployment
tools and application server providers to configure and deploy applications to an
application server.
WebLogic Server implements both the JSR-88 Service Provider Interface (SPI) plug-in
and model plug-in to comply with the Java EE deployment specification. You can use
a basic Java EE deployment API deployment tool with the WebLogic Server plug-ins
(without using WebLogic Server extensions to the API) to configure, deploy, and
redeploy Java EE applications and modules to WebLogic Server. The WebLogic Server
configuration generated by a Java EE deployment API configuration process is stored
in a deployment plan and one or more generated WebLogic Server deployment
descriptor files, as shown in Figure 7-1.
Deploying Applications in WebLogic Server 7-1
Figure 7-1
Configuring Applications with the Java EE Deployment API
WebLogic Server deployment descriptors are generated as needed to store WebLogic

Server configuration data.
The WebLogic Server deployment plan generated by a Java EE deployment API
deployment tool identifies the WebLogic Server deployment descriptors that were
generated for the application during the configuration session.
Although the Java EE deployment API provides a simple, standardized way to
configure applications and modules for use with a Java EE-compliant application
server, the specification does not address many deployment features that were
available in previous WebLogic Server releases. For this reason, WebLogic Server
provides important extensions to the Java EE deployment API specification to support
capabilities described in "WebLogic Server Deployment Features" in Deploying
Applications to Oracle WebLogic Server.
7.3 Fast Track Deployment Guide

This section provides basic instructions for quickly deploying Java EE applications
and modules, JSP and HTML files, and Coherence modules. It also provides pointers
to tools for system administrators. The deployment procedures on this page are
recommended for use in development environments only; the procedures are not
recommended for use in production environments. For additional information on

developing and deploying applications on WebLogic Server, see Developing
Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server and Deploying Applications to Oracle WebLogic
Server.
Complete the Installing and Configuring Oracle WebLogic Server and Coherence before
using these Fast Track procedures.
7.3.1 Java EE Deployment

To deploy a Java EE application or module:
1. Make sure that the Java EE application or module does not require additional
resources such as named JDBC data sources or JMS queues. If the application
requires external resources, you must configure them in the target WebLogic
Server domain before deploying the application.
2. Copy the archive file or exploded archive directory for the Java EE application or
module into the /autodeploy directory of the examples server domain directory,
ORACLE_HOME/user_projects/domains/wl_server/autodeploy.
3. Start the Examples WebLogic Server instance.

4. Access the application using either a Java client or the configured URI for the
application.
7.3.1.1 Auto-Deployment
When running in development mode, WebLogic Server automatically deploys
applications copied into the /autodeploy subdirectory of the domain directory. Autodeployment is a simple and quick method of deploying an application for testing or
evaluation. See "Auto-Deploying Applications in Development Domains" in Deploying
Applications to Oracle WebLogic Server.
7.3.1.2 Deploying Multiple Applications

When you use the WebLogic Server Administration Console to deploy multiple
applications, upon installing the applications, they are listed in the Console's
Deployments page in the "distribute Initializing" state. After activating changes, they
are listed in the "Prepared" state. To deploy the applications, select the application
names on the Deployments page and click Start.
7.3.2 System Administrator Tools

System Administrators can use the following tools to get started:
WebLogic Server Administration Console
The WebLogic Server Administration Console is a browser-based Web application
that allows you to configure and monitor your WebLogic Server domain, server
instances, and running applications and their associated resources. You can also
use the WebLogic Server Administration Console to create new server instances
and clusters and tune application descriptors. For more information, see Oracle
WebLogic Server Administration Console Online Help.
After you log into the Console using the credentials you provided during
installation, click the Help button or How do I ...? links for additional information.
Configuration Wizard
Use the WebLogic Server Configuration Wizard to create new domains, and to
create templates for automating domain configuration. For more information, see
Creating WebLogic Domains Using the Configuration Wizard.
7.3.3 JSP/HTML Deployment

To deploy a simple JSP or HTML file:
1. Make sure your JSP file does not reference a tag library or other external resources
such resources require additional deployment steps that are beyond the scope of
these Fast Track procedures. HTML files do not have this restriction.
2. Copy your JSP or HTML file into the EXAMPLES_HOME/wl_server/examples/
build/mainWebApp directory, where EXAMPLES_HOME represents the directory

in which the WebLogic Server code examples are configured. By default, this
directory is ORACLE_HOME/wlserver/samples/server.
3. Start the Examples WebLogic Server instance.

4. In a Web browser, request the JSP or HTML file using the following URL:
http://localhost:port/myFile
where:
localhost is the host name of the machine running WebLogic Server.
port is the port number where WebLogic Server is listening for requests (7001 by
default).
myFile is the full name, including the .jsp or .html extension, of the JSP or HTML
file you copied in step 2.
The JSP or HTML file has been automatically deployed from a directory preconfigured
to target the Examples Server. mainWebApp is deployed by default and you can place
your own JSP and HTML files into the mainWebApp exploded directory in order to
quickly view or test them.
7.3.4 Coherence Deployment

WebLogic Server supports the deployment of Coherence applications that are
packaged as Grid ARchive (GAR) modules. GAR modules contain the artifacts that are
required for a Coherence application. GAR modules are deployed as standalone
modules, packaged within enterprise applications, and as shared libraries. For details
on packaging and deploying Coherence applications, see "Deploying Coherence
Applications" in Developing Oracle Coherence Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server.
7.4 Roadmap for Deploying Applications in WebLogic Server

Table 7-1
Table 7-1
(Cont.) Roadmap for Deploying Applications in WebLogic Server
Major Task
Learning more about

application
deployment
Deployment terminology
Java EE 7 deployment implementation
WebLogic Server deployment features
Understanding the deployment configuration process
Overview of the export process
Best practices for deploying applications
Packaging
applications
Preparing applications and modules for deployment

Archive file and exploded archive deployments
Using the wlpackage Ant task
Preparing Coherence applications for deployment
Using deployment
tools
Overview of deployment tasks

weblogic.Deployer utility
WebLogic.Plan generator command-line reference
WebLogic Maven plug-in for deployment
wldeploy Ant task
Advanced topics
Overview of common deployment scenarios

Configuring applications for deployment
Redeploying a production application
Deploying Applications with the WebLogic Deployment API
Exporting an application for deployment to new environments
Distributing an application to a production environment
Changing the deployment order
Taking an application offline
Managing deployed applications
Reference
Understanding the WebLogic deployment API
8
WebLogic Server Data Sources
This chapter describes WebLogic Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) data sources.
Understanding JDBC Data Sources.
Understanding Generic Data Sources.
Understanding GridLink Data Sources.
Understanding JDBC Multi Data Sources.
Understanding Proxy Data Sources.
Understanding Universal Connection Pool Data Sources.
Roadmap for WebLogic Server Data Sources.
8.1 Understanding JDBC Data Sources

In WebLogic Server, you can configure database connectivity by configuring JDBC
data sources and multi data sources and then targeting or deploying the JDBC
resources to servers or clusters in your WebLogic domain.
Oracle WebLogic Server provides three types of data sources:
Generic Data SourcesGeneric data sources and their connection pools provide
connection management processes that help keep your system running
efficiently.You can set options in the data source to suit your applications and your
environment.
GridLink Data SourcesAn event-based data source that adaptively responds to
state changes in an Oracle RAC instance.
Multi data sourcesAn abstraction around a group of generic data sources that
provides load balancing or failover processing.
WebLogic Server also supports Java EE DataSources, which can be programmatically
defined for a more flexible and portable method of database connectivity. For more
information on Java EE DataSources, see "Using DataSource Resource Definitions" in
Developing JDBC Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server.
8.2 Understanding Generic Data Sources

Generic data sources provide database access and database connection management.
Each data source contains a pool of database connections that are created when the
data source is created and at server startup. Applications reserve a database
connection from the data source by looking up the data source on the JNDI tree or in
WebLogic Server Data Sources 8-1
Understanding GridLink Data Sources
the local application context and then calling getConnection(). When finished with
the connection, the application should call connection.close() as early as
possible, which returns the database connection to the pool for other applications to
use.
8.3 Understanding GridLink Data Sources

A single GridLink data source provides connectivity between WebLogic Server and an
Oracle Database service, which may include multiple Oracle RAC clusters. It uses the
Oracle Notification Service (ONS) to adaptively respond to state changes in an Oracle
RAC instance. An Oracle Database service represents a workload with common
attributes that enables administrators to manage the workload as a single entity. You
scale the number of GridLink data sources as the number of services increases in the
data base, independent of the number of nodes in the cluster.
A GridLink data source includes the features of generic data sources plus the
following support for Oracle RAC:
Fast Connection Failover
Runtime Connection Load Balancing
Graceful Handling for Oracle RAC Outages
GridLink Affinity
SCAN Addresses
Secure Communication using Oracle Wallet
8.4 Understanding JDBC Multi Data Sources

A multi data source is an abstraction around a group of data sources that is bound to
the JDNDI tree or local application context just like data sources are bound to the JNDI
tree. Applications look up a multi data source on the JNDI tree or in the local
application context (java:comp/env) just as they do for data sources, and then
request a database connection. The multi data source determines which data source to
use to satisfy the request depending on the algorithm selected in the multi data source
configuration: load balancing or failover.
8.5 Understanding Proxy Data Sources

Proxy data sources provide the ability to switch between databases in a WebLogic
Server Multitenant environment. It simplifies the administration of multiple data
sources by providing a light-weight mechanism for accessing a data source associated
with a partition or tenant. Applications often need to quickly access a data source by
name without needing to know the naming conventions, context names (partitions or
tenants), and so on. The Proxy data source provides the access to the underlying data
sources. All of the significant processing happens in the data sources to which it
points. That is, the underlying data sources actually handle deployment, management,
security, and so on. For more information on Proxy data sources, see "Using Proxy
Data Sources" in Administering JDBC Data Sources for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Understanding Universal Connection Pool Data Sources
8.6 Understanding Universal Connection Pool Data Sources

A Universal Connection Pool (UCP) data source is provided as an option for users
who wish to use Oracle Universal Connection Pooling (UCP) to connect to Oracle
Databases. UCP provides an alternative connection pooling technology to Oracle
WebLogic Server connection pooling.
Note:
Oracle generally recommends the use of Active GridLink data source, Multi Data
Source, or Generic data source, and Oracle WebLogic Server connection pooling
included in these data source implementations to establish connectivity with Oracle
Databases
The implementations of UCP data sources are loosely coupled, allowing the swapping
of the ucp.jar to support the use of new UCP features by the applications. UCP data
sources are not supported in an application-scoped/packaged or stand-alone module
environment. For information see in Using Universal Connection Pool Data
Sources in Administering JDBC Data Sources for Oracle WebLogic Server.
8.7 Roadmap for WebLogic Server Data Sources

Table 8-1
Roadmap for WebLogic Server Data Sources
Major Task
Learning more about

WebLogic Server
data source
Understanding JDBC resources in WebLogic Server

Data source configuration files
JMX and WLST access for JDBCA resources
Overview of clustered JDBC resources
Multi data source features
Using WebLogic JDBC in an application
Configuring JDBC
Configuring JDBC data sources

Using GridLink data sources
Configuring JDBC multi data sources
Advanced configuration for Oracle drivers
JDBC data source transaction options
Using roles and policies to secure JDBC data sources
Java EE DataSources
Using DataSource resource definitions
Managing JDBC
Managing data sources

Monitoring data sources
Monitoring GridLink JDBC resources
Performance and
tuning
Tuning JDBC applications

Tuning data source connection pools
Using WebLogic
Server with Oracle
RAC
Using WebLogic Server with Oracle RAC

Using multi data sources with Oracle RAC
Using connect-time failover with Oracle RAC
Using fast connection failover with Oracle RAC
WebLogic Server Data Sources 8-3
Roadmap for WebLogic Server Data Sources
Table 8-1
(Cont.) Roadmap for WebLogic Server Data Sources
Major Task
Using JDBC drivers
Overview of third-party JDBC drivers

Derby
Derby is an all-Java DBMS product included in the WebLogic
Server distribution that is intended solely to support
demonstration of WebLogic Server examples. Documentation is
not shipped with the product; it is available at http://
db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html. For more
information about Derby, see http://db.apache.org/derby.
9
WebLogic Server Messaging
This chapter describes the Java Messaging System (JMS) in WebLogic Server.
Overview of JMS and WebLogic Server
Java Message Service
Roadmap for WebLogic Server Messaging
9.1 Overview of JMS and WebLogic Server

The WebLogic Server implementation of JMS is an enterprise-class messaging system
that is tightly integrated into the WebLogic Server platform. It fully supports the JMS
2.0 Specification, available at http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/
java/jms/index.html, and also provides numerous WebLogic JMS Extensions that
go beyond the standard JMS APIs.
9.2 Java Message Service

An enterprise messaging system enables applications to asynchronously communicate
with one another through the exchange of messages. A message is a request, report,
and/or event that contains information needed to coordinate communication between
different applications. A message provides a level of abstraction, allowing you to
separate the details about the destination system from the application code.
The Java Message Service (JMS) is a standard API for accessing enterprise messaging
systems that is implemented by industry messaging providers. Specifically, JMS:
Enables Java applications that share a messaging system to exchange messages
Simplifies application development by providing a standard interface for creating,
sending, and receiving messages
WebLogic JMS supports both client and server applications; in addition to Java, it has
client libraries for C APIs and Microsoft .NET. WebLogic JMS accepts messages from
producer applications and delivers them to consumer applications. For more
information on JMS API programming with WebLogic Server, see Developing JMS
Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server. For information on JMS API programming for
WebLogic Server hosted consumer applications, see Developing Message-Driven Beans
for Oracle WebLogic Server.
9.2.1 WebLogic JMS Architecture and Environment

Figure 9-1 illustrates the WebLogic JMS architecture.
WebLogic Server Messaging 9-1
Java Message Service
Figure 9-1
WebLogic JMS Architecture
In Figure 9-1, A1 and B1 are connection factories, and B2 is a queue.

The major components of the WebLogic JMS architecture include:
JMS server: a managed message container for a set of JMS queues and topics.
Destination configuration is located in JMS XML modules that can target one or
more JMS servers, and a single logical destination can be distributed across
multiple JMS servers. A JMS server's primary responsibility for its targeted
destinations is to maintain information on what persistent store is used for any
persistent messages that arrive on the destinations, and to maintain the states of
durable subscribers created on the destinations. You can configure one or more
JMS servers per domain, multiple JMS servers may run on the same WebLogic
server, and a JMS server can manage one or more JMS modules. For more
information, see "Overview of JMS Server" in Administering JMS Resources for Oracle
WebLogic Server.
JMS connection hosts and connection factories: any WebLogic server in a cluster
can act as a JMS connection host for JMS applications. A JMS application gains
access to WebLogic JMS by (a) obtaining a connection factory reference from JNDI,
(b) obtaining a connection from this factory, and finally (c) using the connection to
send or receive messages. JMS messages flow from an application, through its
connection host, and then to any destination on a JMS server that is in the same
cluster as the connection host. An application can use either default connection
factories or custom connection factories that are configured using a JMS module.
JMS destinations: hold JMS messages and are hosted on JMS servers. WebLogic
JMS applications typically obtain JMS destination references via JNDI and then
send and receive messages to these destinations using their respective JMS
connections. A single logical WebLogic destination can be configured to be
distributed across multiple JMS servers within the same cluster. A WebLogic JMS
client can transparently communicate with any WebLogic JMS destination that is
hosted in the same cluster as the client's connection host.
JMS modules: contain configuration resources, such as standalone queue and topic
destinations, distributed destinations, and connection factories, and are defined by
XML documents that conform to the weblogic-jms.xsd schema. For more
information, see "What are JMS Configuration Resources?" in Administering JMS
Resources for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Client JMS applications: either produce messages to destinations or consume
messages from destinations.
JNDI (Java Naming and Directory Interface): provides a lookup facility for JMS
connection factories and destinations.
WebLogic persistent storage: a server instance's default store, a user-defined file
store, or a user-defined JDBC-accessible store for storing persistent message data.
9.3 Roadmap for WebLogic Server Messaging

Table 9-1
Major Task
Learning more about

WebLogic Server
messaging
WebLogic JMS architecture and environment

JMS configuration resources
Overview of JMS servers
Overview of JMS modules
Environment-related system resources for WebLogic JMS
Understanding the messaging models
Understanding the JMS API
Value-added public JMS API extensions
Getting started with

WebLogic JMS
Overview of JMS programming

Best practices for JMS beginners and advanced users
Developing a basic JMS application
Overview of JMS resource configuration
Value-added WebLogic Server JMS features
Integrating remote and foreign JMS providers
Troubleshooting WebLogic JMS
Using new WebLogic

JMS features
Developing advanced pub/sub applications

Interoperating with Oracle advanced queueing
Developing JMS .NET Client Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server
Programming
WebLogic messaging
Developing JMS Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server

Developing advanced pub/sub applications
Developing Message-Driven Beans for Oracle WebLogic Server
Understanding
clients for WebLogic
messaging
Understanding JMS clients

WebLogic Server client types and features
WebLogic Server Messaging 9-3
Table 9-1
(Cont.) Roadmap for WebLogic Server Messaging
Major Task
Configuring
WebLogic messaging
Using the WebLogic

Server
Administration
Console to configure
WebLogic messaging
Configuring JMS servers

Configuring JMS system modules and resources
Configuring store-and-forward for JMS messages
Configuring and managing messaging bridges
Performance and
tuning
Tuning WebLogic JMS

Tuning WebLogic JMS store-and-forward
Tuning WebLogic messaging bridge
Tuning message-driven beans
Tuning logging last resource
Tuning the WebLogic Persistent Store
Reference
Javadoc for WebLogic JMS extensions

MBean reference
JMS schema
Java Message Service Specification
JMS C API Reference for Oracle WebLogic Server
Best practices for JMS beginners and advanced users

Administering JMS Resources for Oracle WebLogic Server
Integrating remote and foreign JMS providers
Administering the Store-and-Forward Service for Oracle WebLogic
Server
Administering the WebLogic Messaging Bridge for Oracle WebLogic
Server
Administering the WebLogic Persistent Store
10
Understanding WebLogic Server Security
This chapter introduces the WebLogic Server security service and methods for
securing your WebLogic Server environments.
Java EE 7 Security Feature Support in WebLogic Server
Overview of the WebLogic Server Security Service
WebLogic Server Security Service Architecture
Managing WebLogic Server Security
Oracle Platform Security Services (OPSS)
Security for Coherence
Roadmap for Securing WebLogic Server
10.1 Java EE 7 Security Feature Support in WebLogic Server

WebLogic Server supports the following security features of Java EE 7:
Java Authorization Contract for Containers (JACC) 1.5
The JACC specification defines a contract between a Java EE application server and
an authorization policy provider. All Java EE containers support this contract.
The JACC specification defines java.security.Permission classes that satisfy
the Java EE authorization model. The specification defines the binding of container
access decisions to operations on instances of these permission classes. It defines
the semantics of policy providers that use the new permission classes to address
the authorization requirements of the Java EE platform, including the definition
and use of roles.
Java Authentication Service Provider Interface for Containers (JASPIC) 1.1
The JASPIC specification defines a service provider interface (SPI) by which
authentication providers that implement message authentication mechanisms may
be integrated in client or server message-processing containers or runtimes.
Authentication providers integrated through this interface operate on network
messages provided to them by their calling container. The authentication providers
transform outgoing messages so that the source of the message can be
authenticated by the receiving container, and the recipient of the message can be
authenticated by the message sender. Authentication providers authenticate
incoming messages and return to their calling container the identity established as
a result of the message authentication.
Understanding WebLogic Server Security 10-1
Overview of the WebLogic Server Security Service
10.2 Overview of the WebLogic Server Security Service

WebLogic Server includes a security architecture that provides a unique and secure
foundation for applications that are available via the Web. By taking advantage of the
security features in WebLogic Server, enterprises benefit from a comprehensive,
flexible security infrastructure designed to address the security challenges of making
applications available on the Web. WebLogic security can be used standalone to secure
WebLogic Server applications or as part of an enterprise-wide, security management
system that represents a best-in-breed, security management solution.
The key features of the WebLogic Security Service include:
A comprehensive and standards-based design.
End-to-end security for WebLogic Server-hosted applications, from the mainframe
to the Web browser.
Legacy security schemes that integrate with WebLogic Server security, allowing
companies to leverage existing investments.
Security tools that are integrated into a flexible, unified system to ease security
management across the enterprise.
Easy customization of application security to business requirements through
mapping of company business rules to security policies.
A consistent model for applying security policies to Java EE and applicationdefined resources.
Easy updates to security policies. This release includes usability enhancements to
the process of creating security policies as well as additional expressions that
control access to WebLogic resources.
Easy adaptability for customized security solutions.
A modularized architecture, so that security infrastructures can change over time
to meet the requirements of a particular company.
Support for configuring multiple security providers, as part of a transition scheme
or upgrade path.
A separation between security details and application infrastructure, making
security easier to deploy, manage, maintain, and modify as requirements change.
Default WebLogic security providers that provide you with a working security
scheme out of the box. This release supports additional authentication stores such
as databases and gives the option to configure an external RDBMS system as a
datastore to be used by select security providers.
Customization of security schemes using custom security providers.
Unified management of security rules, security policies, and security providers
through the WebLogic Server Administration Console.
Support for standard Java EE security technologies such as the Java Authentication
and Authorization Service (JAAS), Java Secure Sockets Extensions (JSSE), Java
Cryptography Extensions (JCE), and Java Authorization Contract for Containers
(JACC).
A foundation for Web services security including support for Security Assertion
Markup Language (SAML) 1.1 and 2.0.
Capabilities which allow WebLogic Server to participate in single sign-on (SSO)
with Web sites, Web applications, and desktop clients
A framework for managing public keys which includes a certificate lookup,
verification, validation, and revocation as well as a certificate registry.
10.3 WebLogic Server Security Service Architecture

This section provides a description of the architecture of the WebLogic Security
Service. The architecture comprises three major components, which are discussed in
the following sections:
WebLogic Security Framework
Single Sign-on with the WebLogic Server Security Framework
SAML Token Profile Support in WebLogic Web Services
The Security Service Provider Interfaces (SSPIs)
WebLogic Security Providers
10.3.1 WebLogic Security Framework

Figure 10-1 shows a high-level view of the WebLogic Security Framework. The
framework comprises interfaces, classes, and exceptions in the
weblogic.security.service package.
Figure 10-1
WebLogic Security Service Architecture
The primary function of the WebLogic Security Framework is to provide a simplified

application programming interface (API) that can be used by security and application
developers to define security services. Within that context, the WebLogic Security
Framework also acts as an intermediary between the WebLogic containers (Web and
EJB), the Resource containers, and the security providers.
10.3.2 Single Sign-on with the WebLogic Server Security Framework

Single Sign-On (SSO) is the ability to require a user to sign on to an application only
once and gain access to many different application components, even though these
components may have their own authentication schemes. Single sign-on enables users
to login securely to all their applications, Web sites and mainframe sessions with just
one identity. The Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) and Windows
Integrated Authentication features provide Web-based single sign-on (SSO)
functionality for WebLogic Server applications.
10.3.3 SAML Token Profile Support in WebLogic Web Services

The WebLogic Web services and the WebLogic Security Framework support the
generation, consumption, and validation of SAML 1.1 and 2.0 assertions. When using
SAML assertions, a web service passes a SAML assertion and the accompanying proof
material to the WebLogic Security Framework.If the SAML assertion is valid and
trusted, the framework returns an authenticated Subject with a trusted principal back
to the web service. WebLogic Web services and the WebLogic Security Framework
support the following SAML assertions:
Sender-Vouches - The asserting party (different from the subject) vouches for the
verification of the subject. The receiver must have a trust relationship with the
asserting party.
Holder-of-Key - The purpose of SAML token with "holder-of-key" subject
confirmation is to allow the subject to use an X.509 certificate that may not be
trusted by the receiver to protect the integrity of the request messages.
Conceptually, the asserting party inserts an X.509 public certificate (or other key
info) into a SAML assertion. (More correctly, the asserting party binds a key to a
subject.) In order to protect this embedded certificate, the SAML assertion itself
must be signed by the asserting entity. For WebLogic Server, the Web service client
signs the SAML assertion with its private key. That is, the signature on the
assertion is the signature of the SAML authority, and is not based on the certificate
contained in, or identified by, the assertion.
Bearer - The subject of the assertion is the bearer of the assertion, subject to optional
constraints on confirmation using attributes that may be included in the
<SubjectConfirmationData> element of the assertion.
10.3.4 The Security Service Provider Interfaces (SSPIs)

Security in WebLogic Server is based on a set of Security Service Provider Interfaces
(SSPIs). The SSPIs can be used by developers and third-party vendors to develop
security providers for the WebLogic Server environment. SSPIs are available for
Adjudication, Auditing, Authentication, Authorization, Credential Mapping, Identity
Assertion, Role Mapping, and Certificate Lookup and Validation.
The SSPIs allow customers to use custom security providers for securing WebLogic
Server resources. Customers can use the SSPIs to develop custom security providers or
they can purchase customer security providers from third-party vendors.
For more information on developing custom security providers, see Developing
Security Providers for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Managing WebLogic Server Security
10.3.5 WebLogic Security Providers

Security providers are modules that "plug into" a WebLogic Server security realm to
provide security services to applications. They call into the WebLogic Security
Framework on behalf of applications.
If the security providers supplied with the WebLogic Server product do not fully meet
your security requirements, you can supplement or replace them with custom security
providers. You develop a custom security provider by:
Implementing the appropriate security service provider interfaces (SSPIs) from the
weblogic.security.spi package to create runtime classes for the security
provider.
Creating an MBean Definition File (MDF) and using the WebLogic MBeanMaker
utility to generate an MBean type, which is used to configure and manage the
security provider.
For more information, see Developing Security Providers for Oracle WebLogic Server.
10.4 Managing WebLogic Server Security

This section covers the following topics:
Security Realms
Security Policies
10.4.1 Security Realms

A security realm comprises mechanisms for protecting WebLogic resources. Each
security realm consists of a set of configured security providers, users, groups, security
roles, and security policies. A user must be defined in a security realm in order to
access any WebLogic resources belonging to that realm. When a user attempts to
access a particular WebLogic resource, WebLogic Server tries to authenticate and
authorize the user by checking the security role assigned to the user in the relevant
security realm and the security policy of the particular WebLogic resource.
10.4.2 Security Policies

Security policies replace access control lists (ACLs) and answer the question "Who has
access to a WebLogic resource?" A security policy is created when you define an
association between a WebLogic resource and one or more users, groups, or security
roles. You can optionally define date and time constraints for a security policy. A
WebLogic resource has no protection until you assign it a security policy.
You assign security policies to any of the defined WebLogic resources (for example, an
EJB resource or a JNDI resource) or to attributes or operations of a particular instance
of a WebLogic resource (an EJB method or a servlet within a Web application). If you
assign a security policy to a type of WebLogic resource, all new instances of that
resource inherit that security policy. Security policies assigned to individual resources
or attributes override security policies assigned to a type of WebLogic resource.
10.5 Oracle Platform Security Services (OPSS)

Oracle Platform Security Services (OPSS) provides enterprise product development
teams, systems integrators (SIs), and independent software vendors (ISVs) with a
Security for Coherence
standards-based, portable, integrated, enterprise-grade security framework for Java

Standard Edition (Java SE) and Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) applications.
OPSS provides an abstraction layer in the form of standards-based application
programming interfaces (APIs) that insulates developers from security and identity
management implementation details. With OPSS, developers don't need to know the
details of cryptographic key management or interfaces with user repositories and
other identity management infrastructures. With OPSS, in-house developed
applications, third-party applications, and integrated applications all benefit from the
same uniform security, identity management, and audit services across the enterprise.
OPSS is not a component of WebLogic Server and is not available in a standalone
WebLogic Server installation. OPSS is available from the Oracle Fusion Middleware
infrastructure software, and may be used with WebLogic Server in domains that are
based upon, or extended with, the Oracle JRF template. For more information, see
Installing and Configuring the Oracle Fusion Middleware Infrastructure. For information
about the Oracle JRF domain template, see "Oracle JRF Template" in Domain Template
Reference.
10.6 Security for Coherence

Coherence is secured using both WebLogic Server security components and
Coherence-specific security components. The components include:
SSL for authentication between Coherence cluster members
SSL for authentication between extend clients (external to WebLogic Server) and a
Coherence cluster
WebLogic Server policies and roles for authorizing Coherence services and caches
Identity assertion between extend clients and Coherence clusters
For details on configuring Coherence security, see "Securing Coherence in WebLogic
Server" in the Oracle Coherence Security Guide.
10.7 Roadmap for Securing WebLogic Server

Table 10-1
Major Task
Learning more about

fundamental security
concepts
Auditing
Authentication
Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)
Single sign-on (SSO)
Authorization
Identity and trust
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
WebLogic security framework
Single sign-on with the WebLogic Server security framework
SAML token support in WebLogic Web services
Security Service Provider Interfaces (SSPIs)
WebLogic security providers
Table 10-1
(Cont.) Roadmap for Securing WebLogic Server
Major Task
Administering
WebLogic Server
security
Security management concepts

Customizing the default security configuration
Migrating security data
Managing the embedded LDAP server
Managing the RDBMS security store
Configuring keystores
Configuring SSL
Configuring cross-domain security
Using compatibility security
Secure WebLogic resources using roles and policies
Exploring security options for cluster architectures
Configuring Security for Coherence
Authenticating users
Authenticating users defined in an LDAP server

Authenticating against an RDBMS system
Authenticating against a Windows NT domain
Authenticating a remote user
Using SAML
Configuring Single Sign-on (SSO)
Configuring single sign-on with Microsoft clients
Configuring single sign-on with Web browsers and HTTP clients
Using Kerberos
Using multiple authentication providers
Configuring password composition rules
Managing users and groups
Using Java Authentication SPI for Containers (JASPIC)
Configuring SSL
Setting up SSL: main steps

Configuring keystores
Creating a keystore: example
X.509 certificate revocation checking
Configuring
authorization
Securing WebLogic resources using roles and policies

Configuring an authorization provider
Using multiple authorization providers
Using JAAS authorization
Configuring a role mapping provider
Using Java Authorization Contract Containers (JACC)
Learning more about

security realms
Introduction to security realms

Users
Groups
Security roles
Security policies
Security providers
Programming
applications for
security
Programming security for WebLogic Server

Configuring resource adapter security
WebLogic Web service security topics
Best practices
Securing a production environment
11
WebLogic Server Web Services
This chapter offers an introduction to WebLogic Server Web services.
Overview of Web Services
Anatomy of a Web Service
Web Service Standards
Roadmap for Web Services
11.1 Overview of Web Services

A Web service is a self-contained application that can be described, published, and
invoked over a network, such as a corporate intranet or the Internet. Because you
access Web services using standard Web protocols such as Extensible Markup
Language (XML) and HTTP, the diverse and heterogeneous applications on the Web
(which typically already understand XML and HTTP) can access Web services and
communicate with each other automatically.
Major benefits of Web services include:
Interoperability among distributed applications that span diverse hardware and
software platforms
Easy, widespread access to applications through firewalls using Web protocols
A cross-platform, cross-language data model (XML) that facilitates developing
heterogeneous distributed applications
11.2 Anatomy of a Web Service

Web services are characterized by three factors:
What they do (the business functionality they expose)
How they can be accessed (the set of published interfaces necessary to use the
exposed functionality)
Where they are (the Web site which exposes that functionality)
What the Web service can do (that is, the functionality it implements) is described in a
standard XML vocabulary called Web Services Description Language (WSDL). For
example, a banking Web service may implement functions to check an account, print a
statement, and deposit and withdraw funds. These functions are described in a WSDL
file that any consumer can invoke to access the banking Web service. As a result, a
WebLogic Server Web Services 11-1
Web Service Standards
consumer does not have to know anything more about a Web service than the WSDL
file that describes what it can do.
A Web service client (or consumer)--such as, a desktop application or a Java Platform,
Enterprise Edition portlet-- invokes a Web service by submitting a request in the form
of an XML document to the Web service. The Web service processes the request and
returns the result to the Web service client in an XML document.
The Web service client can send a request in the form of a Simple Object Access
Protocol (SOAP) message. SOAP is an XML messaging framework designed to allow
heterogeneous applications to exchange structured information in a distributed
environment. In turn, the Web service processes the request and returns the response
in a SOAP message.
You can also develop Representational State Transfer (REST) Web services, or
"RESTful" Web services. REST describes any simple interface that transmits data over
a standardized interface (such as HTTP) without an additional messaging layer, such
as SOAP. REST provides a set of design rules for creating stateless services that are
viewed as resources, or sources of specific information, and can be identified by their
unique URIs. A client accesses the resource using the URI, a standardized fixed set of
methods, and a representation of the resource is returned. The client is said to transfer
state with each new resource representation.
To secure the message exchange, the Web service may require credentials to access the
service, for example a username and a password, or encrypt the response.
11.3 Web Service Standards

Web services rely on a set of XML-based industry standards, including the following:
XML, a data format that allows uniform communication between Web services
consumers and Web services providers
XML Schema, a framework that describes XML vocabularies used in business
transactions
SOAP, a protocol for exchanging structured information in the implementation of
Web services
WSDL, an XML-based language providing a model for describing Web services
WS-Policy, a framework that provides a flexible and extensible grammar for
describing the capabilities, requirements, and general characteristics of Web
services using policies
11.4 Roadmap for Web Services

Table 11-1
Major Task
Learning more about

WebLogic Web
Services
Features and standards supported by WebLogic Web Services

Overview of WebLogic Web Services
Choose between JAX-WS and RESTful Web service
Overview of Web services security
Table 11-1
(Cont.) Roadmap for Web Services
Major Task
Using the samples

(for WebLogic Web
service developers)
Sample application and code examples

JAX-WS Web service example
Examples of developing JAX-WS Web service clients
JAX-RPC Web service examples
JDeveloper Web service tutorials (search on "Web Services")
JDeveloper how-tos (search on "Web Services")
Developing Web
services using JAXWS
Starting from Java

Starting from WSDL
Programming the JWS file
Using JAX binding
Invoking a Web service
Invoking a Web service asynchronously
Using Web services reliable messaging
Managing Web service persistence
Configuring message buffering for Web services
Managing Web services in a cluster
Using Web services atomic transactions
Publishing a Web service endpoint
Using callbacks
Optimizing binary data transmissions using MTOM/XOP
Using XML catalogs
Handling exceptions using SOAP
Creating and using SOAP message handlers
Programming RESTful Web services
Programming stateful JAX-WS Web services using HTTP session
Developing RESTful
Web services
Standards to use for RESTful Web Service development on

WebLogic Server
Learning about RESTful Web Service development
Defining the root resource class
Defining the relative URI of the root resource class
Customizing request and response message types
More advanced RESTful Web Service tasks
Creating and configuring a client instance
Creating a Web resource instance
Sending requests to the resource
Receiving a response from a resource
Learning more about monitoring RESTful Web Services
Monitoring RESTful Web Services using WLST
Updating the version of Jersey JAX-RS RI
Using server-sent events
WebLogic Server Web Services 11-3
Table 11-1
(Cont.) Roadmap for Web Services
Major Task
Developing Web
services using JAXRPC
Deploying and
administering
WebLogic Web
services
Packaging and deploying RESTful Web services

Developing JAX-WS Web services
Developing JAX-RPC Web services
Securing WebLogic
Web services
Using WebLogic Web services security policies
Interoperability with
WebLogic Web
services
Interoperability with Microsoft WCF/.NET

Interoperability between WebLogic Web services security and
Oracle WSM security
Starting from Java

Starting from WSDL
Programming the JWS file
Understanding data binding
Invoking a Web service
Invoking a Web service asynchronously
Using Web services reliable messaging
Creating conversational Web services
Using the asynchronous features together
Creating buffered Web services
Using callbacks to notify client of events
Using JMS transport as the connection protocol
Creating and using SOAP message handlers
Using database Web services
12
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs)
This chapter introduces Enterprise JavaBeans.
Understanding EJBs
EJB Anatomy and Environment
EJBs Clients and Communications
Securing EJBs
Roadmap for EJBs in WebLogic Server
12.1 Understanding EJBs

Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) 3.2 technology is the server-side component architecture
for the development and deployment of component-based business applications. EJB
technology enables rapid and simplified development of distributed, transactional,
secure, and portable applications based on Java EE 7 technology.
The EJB 3.2 specification provides simplified programming and packaging model
changes. The mandatory use of Java interfaces from previous versions has been
removed, allowing plain old Java objects to be annotated and used as EJB components.
The simplification is further enhanced through the ability to place EJB modules
directly inside of Web applications, removing the need to produce archives to store the
Web and EJB components and combine them together in an EAR file.
12.1.1 EJB Documentation in WebLogic Server

For more information about using EJBs with WebLogic Server, see:
For information about all the new features in EJB 3.2, see "Java EE 7 Support" in
What's New in Oracle WebLogic Server.
For instructions on how to program, package, and deploy 3.2 EJBs on WebLogic
Server, see Developing Enterprise JavaBeans for Oracle WebLogic Server.
For instructions on how to organize and build WebLogic Server EJBs in a split
directory environment, see Developing Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server.
For more information on programming and packaging 2.x EJBs, see Developing
Enterprise JavaBeans, Version 2.1, for Oracle WebLogic Server.
12.1.2 Additional EJB Information

To learn more about EJB concepts, such as the benefits of enterprise beans, the types of
enterprise beans, and their life cycles, then visit the following Web sites:
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs) 12-1
Understanding EJBs
Enterprise JavaBeans 3.2 Specification (JSR-318) at http://jcp.org/en/jsr/

summary?id=318
The "Enterprise Beans" chapter of the Java EE 7 Tutorial at http://
docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/tutorial/doc/bnblr.html
Introducing the Java EE 6 Platform: Part 3 (EJB Technology, Even Easier to Use) at
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/javaee/
javaee6overview-part3-139660.html#ejbeasy
12.1.3 Session EJBs Implement Business Logic

Session beans implement business logic. A session bean instance serves one client at a
time. There are three types of session beans: stateful, stateless, and singleton.
For detailed information about the types of session beans and when to use them, see
"What Is a Session Bean" in the "Enterprise Beans" chapter of the Java EE 6 Tutorial at
http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/tutorial/doc/gipjg.html.
12.1.3.1 Stateful Session Beans

Stateful session beans maintain state information that reflects the interaction between
the bean and a particular client across methods and transactions. A stateful session
bean can manage interactions between a client and other enterprise beans, or manage
a workflow.
Example: A company Web site that allows employees to view and update personal
profile information could use a stateful session bean to call a variety of other beans to
provide the services required by a user, after the user clicks "View my Data" on a page:
Accept the login data from a JSP, and call another EJB whose job it is to validate the
login data.
Send confirmation of authorization to the JSP.
Call a bean that accesses profile information for the authorized user.
12.1.3.2 Stateless Session Beans

A stateless session bean does not store session or client state information between
invocationsthe only state it might contain is not specific to a client, for instance, a
cached database connection or a reference to another EJB. At most, a stateless session
bean may store state for the duration of a method invocation. When a method
completes, state information is not retained.
Any instance of a stateless session bean can serve any clientany instance is
equivalent. Stateless session beans can provide better performance than stateful
session beans, because each stateless session bean instance can support multiple
clients, albeit one at a time. The client of a stateless session bean can be a web service
endpoint.
Example: An Internet application that allows visitors to click a "Contact Us" link and
send an email could use a stateless session bean to generate the email, based on the
"to" and "from" information gathered from the user by a JSP.
12.1.3.3 Singleton Session Beans

Singleton session beans provide a formal programming construct that guarantees a
session bean will be instantiated once per application in a particular Java Virtual
Machine (JVM), and that it will exist for the life cycle of the application. With
singletons, you can easily share state between multiple instances of an enterprise bean
component or between multiple enterprise bean components in the application.
Singleton session beans offer similar functionality to stateless session beans but differ
from them in that there is only one singleton session bean per application, as opposed
to a pool of stateless session beans, any of which may respond to a client request. Like
stateless session beans, singleton session beans can implement web service endpoints.
Singleton session beans maintain their state between client invocations but are not
required to maintain their state across server crashes or shutdowns.
Example: An Internet application that provides a central counter service. A stateless
singleton bean can be called from a Java client, with the count being consistently
incremented by 1 as the client is invoked multiple times.
12.1.4 Message-Driven Beans Implement Loosely Coupled Business Logic

A message-driven bean implements loosely coupled or asynchronous business logic in
which the response to a request need not be immediate. A message-driven bean
receives messages from a JMS Queue or Topic, and performs business logic based on
the message contents. It is an asynchronous interface between EJBs and JMS.
Throughout its life cycle, an MDB instance can process messages from multiple clients,
although not simultaneously. It does not retain state for a specific client. All instances
of a message-driven bean are equivalentthe EJB container can assign a message to
any MDB instance. The container can pool these instances to allow streams of
messages to be processed concurrently.
The EJB container interacts directly with a message-driven beancreating bean
instances and passing JMS messages to those instances as necessary. The container
creates bean instances at deployment time, adding and removing instances during
operation based on message traffic.
For detailed information, see Developing Message-Driven Beans for Oracle WebLogic
Server.
Example: In an on-line shopping application, where the process of taking an order
from a customer results in a process that issues a purchase order to a supplier, the
supplier ordering process could be implemented by a message-driven bean. While
taking the customer order always results in placing a supplier order, the steps are
loosely coupled because it is not necessary to generate the supplier order before
confirming the customer order. It is acceptable or beneficial for customer orders to
"stack up" before the associated supplier orders are issued.
12.2 EJB Anatomy and Environment

These sections briefly describe classes required for each bean type, the EJB run-time
environment, and the deployment descriptor files that govern a bean's run-time
behavior.
EJB Components
The EJB Container
Embeddable EJB Container
EJB Metadata Annotations
Optional EJB Deployment Descriptors
12.2.1 EJB Components

The composition of a bean varies by bean type. Table 12-1 defines the classes that
make up each type of EJB, and defines the purpose of the class type.
Note:
The EJB 2.1 and earlier API required that Local and Remote clients access the
stateful or stateless session bean by means of the session bean's local or remote
home and the local or remote component interfaces. These interfaces remain
available for use with EJB 3.x; however, the EJB 2.1 Remote and Local client
view is not supported for singleton session beans.
For more information see "Create EJB Classes and Interfaces" in Developing
Enterprise JavaBeans, Version 2.1, for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Table 12-1
Components of EJB 3.1
EJB
Component
Description
Stateless
Session
Stateful
Session
Singleton MDB
Session
Remote
business
interface
The remote business interface

exposes business logic to
remote clientsclients running
in a separate application from
the EJB. It defines the business
methods a remote client can
call.
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Local
business
interface
The local business interface

exposes business logic to local
clientsthose running in the
same application as the EJB. It
defines the business methods a
local client can call.
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Local Nointerface
The no-interface view a

variation of the Local view that
exposes the public methods of
the bean class without the use
of a separate business
interface.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bean class
The bean class implements

business logic.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
12.2.2 The EJB Container

An EJB container is a run-time container for beans that are deployed to an application
server. The container is automatically created when the application server starts up,
and serves as an interface between a bean and run-time services such as:
Life cycle management
Code generation
Security
Transaction management
Locking and concurrency control
12.2.3 Embeddable EJB Container

Unlike traditional Java EE server-based execution, embeddable usage allows client
code and its corresponding enterprise beans to run within the same virtual machine
and class loader. This provides better support for testing, offline processing (for
example, batch jobs), and the use of the EJB programming model in desktop
applications.
Most of the services present in the enterprise bean container in a Java EE server are
available in the embedded enterprise bean container, including injection, containermanaged transactions, and security. Enterprise bean components execute similarly in
both embedded and Java EE environments, and therefore the same enterprise bean can
be easily reused in both standalone and networked applications.
For more information about the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container, see "Using an
Embedded EJB Container in Oracle WebLogic Server" in Developing Enterprise
JavaBeans for Oracle WebLogic Server.
12.2.4 EJB Metadata Annotations

The WebLogic Server EJB 3.2 programming model uses the Java EE 7 metadata
annotations feature in which you create an annotated EJB 3.2 bean file, and then use
the WebLogic compile tool weblogic.appc (or its Ant equivalent wlappc) to
compile the bean file into a Java class file and generate the associated EJB artifacts,
such as the required EJB interfaces and optional deployment descriptors.
For more information, see "Programming the Annotated EJB Class" in Developing
Enterprise JavaBeans for Oracle WebLogic Server.
12.2.5 Optional EJB Deployment Descriptors

As of EJB 3.0, you are no longer required to create the EJB deployment descriptor files
(such as ejb-jar.xml). However, you can still to use XML deployment descriptors if
you want. In the case of conflicts, the deployment descriptor value overrides the
annotation value.
If you are continuing to use deployment descriptors in your EJB implementation, refer
to "EJB Deployment Descriptors" in Developing Enterprise JavaBeans, Version 2.1, for
WebLogic Server EJB 2.x has three deployment descriptors:
ejb-jar.xmlThe standard Java EE deployment descriptor. All beans must be
specified in an ejb-jar.xml. An ejb-jar.xml can specify multiple beans that
will be deployed together.
weblogic-ejb-jar.xmlWebLogic Server-specific deployment descriptor that
contains elements related to WebLogic Server features such as clustering, caching,
and transactions. This file is required if your beans take advantage of WebLogic
Server-specific features. Like ejb-jar.xml, weblogic-ejb-jar.xml can
specify multiple beans that will be deployed together.
weblogic-cmp-jar.xmlWebLogic Server-specific deployment descriptor that
contains elements related to container-managed persistence for entity beans. Entity
EJBs Clients and Communications
beans that use container-managed persistence must be specified in a weblogiccmp-jar.xml file.

For descriptions of the WebLogic Server EJB 2.x deployment descriptors, refer to
"Deployment Descriptor Schema and Document Type Definitions Reference" in
Developing Enterprise JavaBeans, Version 2.1, for Oracle WebLogic Server.
12.3 EJBs Clients and Communications

An EJB can be accessed by server-side or client-side objects such as servlets, Java client
applications, other EJBs, web services, and non-Java clients. Any client of an EJB,
whether in the same or a different application, accesses it in a similar fashion.
WebLogic Server automatically creates implementations of an EJB's home and
business interfaces that can function remotely, unless the bean has only a local
interface.
12.3.1 Accessing EJBs

Clients access enterprise beans either through a no-interface view or through a
business interface. A no-interface view of an enterprise bean exposes the public
methods of the enterprise bean implementation class to clients. Clients using the nointerface view of an enterprise bean may invoke any public methods in the enterprise
bean implementation class or any superclasses of the implementation class. A business
interface is a standard Java programming language interface that contains the business
methods of the enterprise bean.
The client of an enterprise bean obtains a reference to an instance of an enterprise bean
through either dependency injection, using Java programming language annotations,
or JNDI lookup, using the Java Naming and Directory Interface syntax to find the
enterprise bean instance.
Dependency injection is the simplest way of obtaining an enterprise bean reference.
Clients that run within a Java EE server-managed environment, JavaServer Faces web
applications, JAX-RS web services, other enterprise beans, or Java EE application
clients, support dependency injection using the javax.ejb.EJB annotation.
Applications that run outside a Java EE server-managed environment, such as Java SE
applications, must perform an explicit lookup. JNDI supports a global syntax for
identifying Java EE components to simplify this explicit lookup. For more information
see, "Programming Access to EJB Clients" in Developing Enterprise JavaBeans for Oracle
WebLogic Server.
Because of network overhead, it is more efficient to access beans from a client on the
same machine than from a remote client, and even more efficient if the client is in the
same application.
For information on programming client access to an EJB, see "Accessing Enterprise
Beans" in the "Enterprise Beans" chapter of the Java EE 7 Tutorial at http://
docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/tutorial/doc/gipjf.html.
12.3.2 EJB Communications

WebLogic Server EJBs use:
T3To communicate with remote objects. T3 is a WebLogic-proprietary remote
network protocol that implements the Remote Method Invocation (RMI) protocol.
RMITo communicate with remote objects. RMI enables an application to obtain a
reference to an object located elsewhere in the network, and to invoke methods on
Securing EJBs
that object as though it were co-located with the client on the same JVM locally in
the client's virtual machine.
An EJB with a remote interface is an RMI object. An EJB's remote interface extends
java.rmi.remote. For more information on WebLogic RMI, see Developing RMI
Applications for Oracle WebLogic Server.
HTTPAn EJB can obtain an HTTP connection to a Web server external to the
WebLogic Server environment by using the java.net.URL resource connection
factory. For more information, see "Configuring EJBs to Send Requests to an URL"
in Developing Enterprise JavaBeans, Version 2.1, for Oracle WebLogic Server.
You can specify the attributes of the network connection an EJB uses by binding the
EJB to a WebLogic Server custom network channel. For more information, see
"Configuring Network Resources" in Administering Server Environments for Oracle
WebLogic Server.
12.4 Securing EJBs

By default, any user can invoke the public methods of an EJB. Therefore, if you want
to restrict access to the EJB, you can use security-related annotations to specify the
roles that are allowed to invoke all, or a subset, of the methods, which is explained in
"Securing Access to the EJB" in Developing Enterprise JavaBeans for Oracle WebLogic
Server.
In addition, you create security roles and map users to roles using the WebLogic
Server Administration Console to update your security realm. For details, see "Manage
Security Roles" in the Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Online Help.
For more information about security and EJBs:
"Security Fundamentals" in Understanding Security for Oracle WebLogic Server has
introductory information about authentication, authorization and other security
topics.
"Securing Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs)" in Developing Applications with the WebLogic
Security Service provides instructions for configuring authentication and
authorization for EJBs.
Securing Resources Using Roles and Policies for Oracle WebLogic Server contains
instructions for on configuring authentication and authorization for your EJBs
using the WebLogic Server Administration Console.
12.5 Roadmap for EJBs in WebLogic Server

Table 12-2
Major Task
Understanding EJB
3.1
Changes between versions 3.0 and 3.1

New EJB 3.1 Features
WebLogic Server value-added EJB 3.0 features
Table 12-2
(Cont.) Roadmap for EJBs in WebLogic Server
Major Task
Simple EJB examples
Example of a simple stateless EJB

Example of a simple stateful EJB
Example of an interceptor class
Packaged EJB 3.1 examples in WebLogic Server
Example of invoking an entity from a session bean
Iterative EJB
developing
Overview of the EJB development process

Creating a source directory
Programming access to EJB clients
Programming and configuring transactions
Programming the EJB interface
Programming the EJB timer service
Programming the annotated EJB class
Programming optional interceptors
Compiling Java source code
Optionally creating and editing deployment descriptors
Packaging EJBs
Deploying EJBs
Programming the
annotated EJB class
Overview of metadata annotations and EJB bean files

Programming the bean file: requirements and changes from 2.x
Programming the bean file: typical steps
Complete list of metadata annotations by function
Deployment
guidelines for EJBs
Before you deploy an EJB

Understanding and performing deployment tasks
Deployment guidelines for EJBs
Using an embedded
EJB container in
Oracle WebLogic
Server
Overview of the embeddable EJB container

EJB 3.1 Lite functionality supported in the embedded EJB
container
Configuring the
Persistence Provider
in Oracle WebLogic
Server
Reference
EJB metadata annotations reference
Overview of Oracle TopLink

Specifying a persistence provider
Using Oracle TopLink in Oracle WebLogic Server
Using a newer version of OpenJPA in Oracle WebLogic Server
Using JPA 2.1 with Oracle TopLink in WebLogic Server
Table 12-2
(Cont.) Roadmap for EJBs in WebLogic Server
Major Task
Using Oracle Kodo

with Oracle
WebLogic Server
Note: Oracle
TopLink, a JPA 2.0
persistence provider,
is now the default
JPA provider,
replacing Kodo,
which was the
default provider in
previous releases. For
more information,
see "Configuring the
Persistence Provider
in Oracle WebLogic
Server."
Information about
EJB 2.x
Overview of Oracle Kodo

Creating an Oracle Kodo application
Using different Oracle Kodo versions
Configuring persistence
Deploying an Oracle Kodo application
Configuring an Oracle Kodo application
Kodo Persistence configuration schema reference
Developing Enterprise JavaBeans, Version 2.1, for Oracle WebLogic

Server
13
Monitoring, Diagnosing, and
Troubleshooting
This chapter describes monitoring, diagnosing, and troubleshooting in WebLogic
Server.
WebLogic Server Diagnostics Framework
Logging Services
SNMP Support
Custom JMX Applications
Java EE Management APIs
Roadmap for Monitoring_ Diagnosing_ and Troubleshooting in WebLogic Server
13.1 WebLogic Server Diagnostics Framework

The WebLogic Diagnostics Framework (WLDF) is a monitoring and diagnostic
framework that defines and implements a set of services that run within WebLogic
Server processes and participate in the standard server life cycle. Using WLDF, you
can create, collect, analyze, archive, and access diagnostic data generated by a running
server and the applications deployed within its containers. This data provides insight
into the run-time performance of servers and applications and enables you to isolate
and diagnose faults when they occur.
WLDF includes several components for collecting and analyzing data:
Integration with JavaHotSpotIf WebLogic Server is configured with Java HotSpot
VM, WebLogic Server events can optionally be propagated to the Java Flight
Recorder, a performance monitoring and profiling tool. WebLogic Server provides
specific integration points with Java Flight Recorder:
WebLogic Server events are propagated to Java Flight Recorder for inclusion in
a common data set for runtime or post-incident analysis.
The flight recording data is also included in WLDF diagnostic image captures,
enabling you to capture flight recording snapshots based on WLDF watch rules.
This full set of functionality enables you to capture and analyze run time system
information for both the JVM and the Fusion Middleware components running
on it, in a single view
Diagnostic Image CaptureCreates a diagnostic snapshot from the server that can
be used for post-failure analysis. The diagnostic image capture includes Java Flight
Recorder data, if it is available, that can be viewed in Java Mission Control.
Monitoring, Diagnosing, and Troubleshooting 13-1
Logging Services
Built-in Diagnostic ModulesProvide a simple and easy-to-use mechanism for

performing basic health and performance monitoring of a WebLogic Server
instance. The built-in diagnostic modules collect data from key WebLogic Server
run-time MBeans that monitor the main components of a server instance, such as
the WebLogic Server run-time, JDBC, JMS, and Java EE containers hosting servlets
and EJBs.
ArchiveCaptures and persists data events, log records, and metrics from server
instances and applications.
InstrumentationAdds diagnostic code to WebLogic Server instances and the
applications running on them to execute diagnostic actions at specified locations in
the code. The Instrumentation component provides the means for associating a
diagnostic context with requests so they can be tracked as they flow through the
system. The WebLogic Server Administration Console includes a Request
Performance page, which shows real-time and historical views of method
performance information that has been captured through the WLDF
instrumentation capabilities, serving as a tool that can help identify performance
problems in applications.
HarvesterCaptures metrics from run-time MBeans, including WebLogic Server
MBeans and custom MBeans, which can be archived and later accessed for viewing
historical data.
Policies and ActionsProvides the means for monitoring server and application
states and sending notifications based on criteria set in the watches.
Monitoring DashboardThe Monitoring Dashboard provides views and tools for
graphically presenting diagnostic data about servers and applications running on
them. The underlying functionality for generating, retrieving, and persisting
diagnostic data is provided by the WebLogic Diagnostics Framework. The
Monitoring Dashboard provides additional tools for presenting that data in charts
and graphs.
The diagnostic data displayed by the Monitoring Dashboard consists of runtime
MBean attributes with numeric or Boolean values that are useful to measure, either
as their current values or as their changes over time. These values, referred to in the
Monitoring Dashboard as metrics, originate from one or more runtime MBean
instances from one or more servers in the domain.
WLDF provides a set of standardized application programming interfaces (APIs) that
enable dynamic access and control of diagnostic data, as well as improved monitoring
that provides visibility into the server. Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) can use
these APIs to develop custom monitoring and diagnostic tools for integration with
WLDF.
WLDF enables dynamic access to server data through standard interfaces, and the
volume of data accessed at any given time can be modified without shutting down
and restarting the server.
13.2 Logging Services

WebLogic logging services provide facilities for writing, viewing, filtering, and
listening for log messages. These log messages are generated by WebLogic Server
instances, subsystems, and Java EE applications that run on WebLogic Server or in
client JVMs. WebLogic Server subsystems use logging services to provide information
about events such as the deployment of new applications or the failure of one or more
subsystems. A server instance uses them to communicate its status and respond to
SNMP Support
specific events. For example, you can use WebLogic logging services to report error
conditions or listen for log messages from a specific subsystem.
By default, WebLogic logging services use an implementation based on the Java
Logging APIs. In addition, WebLogic Server also provides the Server Logging Bridge,
which provides a lightweight mechanism for applications that currently use Java
Logging to have their log messages redirected to WebLogic logging services.
Applications can use the Server Logging Bridge with their existing configuration; no
code changes or programmatic use of the WebLogic Logging APIs is required.
13.3 SNMP Support

With SNMP, a manager sends a request for information about managed resources to
an agent. The agent gathers the requested data and returns a response. You can also
configure agents to issue unsolicited reports (notifications) to managers when they
detect predefined thresholds or conditions on a managed resource.
To request data about a specific managed resource, a manager must be able to
uniquely identify the resource. In SNMP, each type of managed resource is described
in a Management Information Base (MIB) as a managed object with a unique object
identifier (OID). Individual organizations define their specific managed objects in MIB
modules. Both manager and agent must have access to the same MIB module to
communicate about specific managed resources.
13.4 Custom JMX Applications

To integrate custom management systems with the WebLogic Server management
system, WebLogic Server provides standards-based interfaces that are fully compliant
with the Java Management Extensions (JMX) specification. Software vendors can use
these interfaces to monitor WebLogic Server MBeans, to change the configuration of a
WebLogic Server domain, and to monitor the distribution (activation) of those changes
to all server instances in the domain. While JMX clients can perform all WebLogic
Server management functions without using Oracle's proprietary classes, Oracle
recommends that remote JMX clients use WebLogic Server protocols (such as T3) to
connect to WebLogic Server instances.
13.5 Java EE Management APIs

The Java EE Management specification describes a standard data model for
monitoring and managing the run-time state of any Java EE Web application server
and its resources. It includes standard mappings of the model through a Java EE
Management EJB Component (MEJB).
The Java EE Management APIs enable a software developer to create a single Java
program that can discover and browse resources, such as JDBC connection pools and
deployed applications, on any Java EE Web application server. The APIs are part of
the Java EE Management Specification, which requires all Java EE Web application
servers to describe their resources in a standard data model.
13.6 Roadmap for Monitoring, Diagnosing, and Troubleshooting in

WebLogic Server
Table 13-1
Server
Roadmap for Monitoring, Diagnosing, and Troubleshooting in WebLogic
Monitoring, Diagnosing, and Troubleshooting 13-3
Roadmap for Monitoring, Diagnosing, and Troubleshooting in WebLogic Server
Table 13-1 (Cont.) Roadmap for Monitoring, Diagnosing, and Troubleshooting in

WebLogic Server
Major Task
Learning more about

WLDF components
Data creation, collection, and instrumentation

Archive
Policy and Action
Data accessor
Monitoring dashboard and request performance pages
Diagnostic image capture
Understanding WLDF configuration
Learning more about

WebLogic logging
services
Use WebLogic logging services for your application logging

Using message catalogs with WebLogic Server
Logging components and environment
Terminology
Overview of the logging process
Best practices for integrating Java logging with WebLogic logging
services
Server log files and domain log files
Server and subsystem logs
Log message format
Message attributes
Message severity
Viewing WebLogic logging services
Configuring WebLogic logging services
Filtering WebLogic Server log messages
Subscribing to messages
Using the Server Logging Bridge
Using the Monitoring

Dashboard
About the monitoring dashboard interface

Understanding how metrics are collected and presented
The parts of a chart
Using SNMP with

WebLogic Server
Creating JMX
applications to
manage WebLogic
Server
Developing custom management utilities with JMX

Developing manageable applications with JMX
Programming WebLogic deployment
Learning more about

the Java EE
Management APIs
WebLogic Server SNMP agents

Security for SNMP
MIB module for WebLogic Server
Monitoring custom MBeans
WebLogic Server notifications
SNMP proxies
WebLogic SNMP command-line utility
JMO hierarchy
JMO object names
Optional features of JMOs
Accessing JMOs
Accessing the MEJB on WebLogic Server
WebLogic Server extensions
14
This chapter describes WebLogic Server code examples and sample applications that
offer several approaches to learning about and working with WebLogic Server. These
examples and sample applications are available through performing a custom
installation and selecting to install the Server Examples.
Overview
Conventions
Java EE 6 Examples
Java EE 7 Examples
Additional API Examples
Derby Open-Source Database
14.1 Overview
This section provides an overview of installing and using the WebLogic Server code
examples.
This section contains the following topics:
Installing the WebLogic Server Code Examples
Starting the WebLogic Server Samples Domain
Running the WebLogic Server Code Examples
14.1.1 Installing the WebLogic Server Code Examples

When performing an installation of WebLogic Server, select Complete with
Examplesto obtain the WebLogic Server and Coherence examples. For more
information about installing WebLogic Server, see Installing and Configuring Oracle
WebLogic Server and Coherence. To set up the WebLogic Server samples domain, launch
the Quickstart Configuration Wizard when prompted after installation.
If you do not automatically launch the Quickstart Configuration Wizard from the
installation program, but instead choose to configure the code examples and sample
domains later, you can run the QuickStart Configuration Wizard manually. For more
information, see "Running the QuickStart Configuration Wizard" in Creating WebLogic
Domains Using the Configuration Wizard.
Sample Applications and Code Examples 14-1
Conventions
14.1.2 Starting the WebLogic Server Samples Domain

Start the examples server using one of the following procedures. In these procedures,
DOMAIN_HOME represents the location where the samples domain is configured on
your machine; for example, C:\ORACLE_HOME\user_projects\domains.
On Windows: Use a command shell and navigate to the DOMAIN_HOME\wl_server
directory. Enter the following command:
startWebLogic.cmd
On UNIX Bourne Shell: Navigate to the DOMAIN_HOME/wl_server directory. Enter

the following command:
sh ./startWebLogic.sh
Note:
By default, the examples server uses port 7001 to listen for incoming
connections. The MedRec server also uses the same listen port by default,
which means that you cannot run both domains at the same time without
changing one of the listen ports. If you want to run both domains at the same
time, use the Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console to change the
listen port of the examples server to something other than 7001, and then
restart it. You can then run the MedRec server using its default listen port at
the same that you run the examples server.
14.1.3 Running the WebLogic Server Code Examples

Review the instructions provided with the code examples for information about
building, deploying and running the code examples. When you start the WebLogic
Server samples domain, a browser is automatically launched that displays a Web page
from which you can browse the samples and obtain instructions for building,
deploying, and running them.
14.2 Conventions
The following conventions are used throughout the instructions for the WebLogic
Server code examples:
The instructions generally are for Windows command shells. If you are using a
UNIX or Linux-based shell, substitute / for \ in path names.
ORACLE_HOME represents the directory you specified as the Oracle Home when
you installed WebLogic Server; for example, C:\Oracle\Middleware
\Oracle_Home.
WL_HOME represents the top-level installation directory for Oracle WebLogic
Server. The default path is ORACLE_HOME/wlserver. (However, you are not
required to install WebLogic Server in the Oracle Home directory.)
EXAMPLES_HOME represents the directory in which the WebLogic Server code
examples are configured. The default path is ORACLE_HOME\wlserver\samples
\server.
Java EE 6 Examples
DOMAIN_HOME represents the directory in which the WebLogic Server sample

domains are configured. The default path is ORACLE_HOME\user_projects
\domains.
Source files for the code examples are separated from the domain configuration files,
just as they should be in a real-world scenario. They are installed in the
EXAMPLES_HOME directory.
The DOMAIN_HOME\wl_server directory contains the WebLogic Server examples
domain; it contains your applications and the XML configuration files that define how
your applications and Oracle WebLogic Server will behave, as well as startup and
environment scripts.
The EXAMPLES_HOME\examples\build directory contains client and server classes
required by the examples and Derby database.
The WL_HOME\common\derby directory contains Derby, a demonstration database
that the examples are configured to use. It also contains scripts that start and stop the
database. For more information about Derby, see http://db.apache.org/derby.
14.3 Java EE 6 Examples

Oracle WebLogic Server fully supports the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)
6 specification. The Java EE 6 examples demonstrate how to implement Java EE 6 APIs
and Oracle WebLogic Server-specific features. The examples are grouped in the
following categories:
Batch 1.0: Submit batch jobs and obtain information about submitted jobs using
the JobOperator interface, and use the batch parallelization model to run
partitioned job steps.
Bean Validation 1.1: Use the bean validation group constraint and method level
validation APIs.
CDI 1.1: Use CDI events and
the @TransactionScoped and @Transactional annotations.
Concurrency 1.1: Create dynamic proxy objects using the ContextService interface,
submit tasks using the ManagedExecutorService interface, submit delayed or
periodic tasks using theManagedScheduledExecutorService interface, and obtain a
managed thread from the Java EE container using
the ManagedThreadFactory interface.
EJB 3.2: Use the new session bean lifecycle callback interceptor methods API and
also use a message-driven bean to implement a listener interface with no methods.
Expression Language 3.0: Use new EL features, including support for a standalone
environment, static field or method references, new operators, Lambda
expressions, and collection constructions and operations.
JAX-RS 2.0: Use asynchronous processing, filters and interceptors, and server-sent
events (SSE) Jersey support.
Java Connector Architecture 1.6: Develop a mail connector resource adapter and
deploy connector resources with annotations defined in Java Connector
Architecture 1.6.
JMS 2.0: Use JMS 2.0 in EJBs and servlets.
Java EE 7 Examples
JPA 2.1: Use JPA criteria update and delete and stored procedures.
JSF 2.2: Use Java Server Faces (JSF) resource library contracts, file upload, faces
flows, and HTML5 features.
JSON-P: Use the Java API for JSON processing with JAX-RS.
Servlet 3.1: Use the HTTP protocol upgrade API, use non-blocking I/O for
asynchronous reads and writes, change a session ID, and handle uncovered HTTP
methods.
WebSocket: Process JSON-format data, using CDI and EJBs in WebSocket
endpoints, enable a server to echo text sent by a client, and enable fallback to HTTP
long polling as an alternative for WebSocket messaging.
14.4 Java EE 7 Examples

The Java EE 7 examples demonstrate how to implement Java EE 7 APIs and Oracle
WebLogic Server-specific features. The examples are grouped in the following
categories:
Bean Validation: Use bean validation with JPA entities, JPA from Java SE, and JSF
managed beans.
Context and Dependency Injection (CDI): Introduces CDI with type-safe
dependency injection, interceptors, and producers.
Data Source: Use the @DataSourceDefinition annotation.
EJB 3.2: Use asynchronous methods, a calendar-based timer, simplified
programming model and packaging in a WAR file, portable global JNDI names,
and singleton session beans.
Java EE Connector Architecture 1.7: Use the Java EE Connector Architecture to
connect two applications together using a stock trading application.
JPA 2.0: Use the JPA Criteria Query API and the @ElementCollection mapping
type.
JSF 2.0: Incorporate Ajax in Web applications, create bookmarkable Web
applications, and use Facelets and templating.
Servlet 3.0: Use annotations for servlets, filters, and listeners, handle file uploads
with multipart files, and use asynchronous servlet and request handling,
programmatic security, and servlet Web fragments.
14.5 Additional API Examples

These examples demonstrate how to implement additional Java EE APIs and Oracle
WebLogic Server-specific features. The examples are grouped in the following
categories:
Database Connectivity: Use DataSources, MultiDataSources, and Rowsets.
EJB: Create stateless, stateful, entity, and message-driven EJBs, and more.
Internationalization: Internationalize an application using simple message catalogs.
Messaging: Use JMS topics, queues, and message-driven beans.
Resource Adapter: Use an entity EJB to interact with a Java EE Connector

Architecture resource adapter.
Security: Use the Java Authentication and Authorization Service, SAML, and
outbound and two-way SSL.
Transactions: Use JTA to perform distributed transactions using the two phase
commit protocol across two XA resources.
Web Application: Create simple servlets and JSPs, use the HTTP Publish-Subscribe
server, and more.
Web Services: Create a variety of Web Services using JWS annotations.
XML: Use the STAX API and XMLBeans
Cluster: Cluster an EJB and use HTTP session state replication.
Coherence: Use the Coherence container to host Coherence applications
WebLogic Scripting Tool: Use the WebLogic Scripting Tool (WLST) to configure
and manage a running WebLogic Administration Server.
Split Development: Use the WebLogic split development directory structure to
build, package, and deploy Enterprise Applications.
Service Component Architecture: Use WebLogic SCA, a lightweight Spring 2.5 (or
higher) container, in a shopping cart application that demonstrates many of its key
features.
Spring: Use Spring-simplified configuration in a Spring-based Web application.
14.6 Avitek Medical Records

Avitek Medical Records (or "MedRec") is a comprehensive educational sample
application that demonstrates WebLogic Server and Java EE features, as well as best
practices. Avitek Medical Records is optionally installed with the WebLogic Server
installation. You can start MedRec from the ORACLE_HOME/user_projects/
domains/medrec directory, where ORACLE_HOME is the directory you specified as
the Oracle Home when you installed Oracle WebLogic Server.
The sample application, MedRec (Spring) demonstrates Spring Framework application
development practices.
14.7 Derby Open-Source Database

Derby is an open source relational database management system based on Java, JDBC,
and SQL standards. It is bundled with WebLogic Server for use by the sample
applications and code examples as a demonstration database. For more information
about Derby, see http://db.apache.org/derby.
Derby Open-Source Database
15
This chapter describes WebLogic Server compatibility.
Oracle attempts to support binary and source-level compatibility between WebLogic
Server 12c (12.1.3) and versions 10.3, 10.3.x, 12.1.1, and 12.1.2 in the areas of persistent
data, generated classes, and API compatibility. In some cases, it is impossible to avoid
incompatibilities. Where incompatibilities arise, they are fully documented in the
Upgrading Oracle WebLogic Server.
Java EE 7 Compatibility
Generated Classes Compatibility
Compatibility Within a Domain
Persistent Data Compatibility
API Compatibility
Protocol Compatibility
15.1 Java EE 7 Compatibility

WebLogic Server 12c (12.2.1) is Java EE 7 compatible. This compatibility allows a Java
EE 7 compliant application to be developed on one operating system platform, and
deployed for production on another, without requiring Java EE 7 application code
changes. Oracle ensures this compatibility of Java EE 7 application portability within a
WebLogic Server release level.
15.2 Generated Classes Compatibility

With one exception, upgrading to WebLogic Server 12c (12.2.1) does not require you to
recompile applications in order to create new generated classes.
The current version of the EJBGen utility recognizes only JDK 5.0 or later metadata
annotation-style EJBGen tags and not the old Javadoc-style tags. This means that
source files that use the Javadoc-style tags must be upgraded to use the equivalent
annotation, and then recompiled using the updated version of EJBGen.
15.3 Compatibility Within a Domain

The following topics provide key information regarding compatibility within
WebLogic domains:
About WebLogic Server Version Numbers
WebLogic Server Compatibility 15-1
WebLogic Version Compatibility

Hardware_ Operating System_ and JVM Platform Compatibility
Node Manager Compatibility
15.3.1 About WebLogic Server Version Numbers

Within a WebLogic domain, the Administration Server, Managed Server instances,
and the domain itself each have a WebLogic Server version number. The version
number contains five decimal places, for example WebLogic Server 12.2.1.0.0. The
meaning of each decimal place is described below:
The first two decimal places together describe the Major Version number, for
example "12.2" in 12.2.1.0.0. The WebLogic Server 12.2 Major Version release is also
branded as the WebLogic Server 12c Major Version release.
The first three decimal places together describe the Minor Version number, for
example "12.2.1" in 12.2.1.0.0. WebLogic Server 12.2.1 (or 12.1.1.0.0) was the first
Minor Version release of the WebLogic Server 12.2 Major Version release.
WebLogic Server 12.2.1 (or 12.1.2.0.0) is the second Minor Version release of the
WebLogic Server 12.2 Major Version release.
According to the version conventions, a Patch Set release for WebLogic Server
12.2.1.0.0 would increment the fourth decimal place, for example 12.2.2.1.0.
However, as of WebLogic Server 12.1.3, there are no specific plans for a Patch Set
release. This information is provided for definitional purposes only.
Patch Set Update releases are named uniquely by incrementing the fifth decimal
place, for example 12.2.1.0.1. This convention is used for Patch Set Update naming
purposes, for example naming downloads available on My Oracle Support.
However, the application of a Patch Set Update does not change the version
number of an existing WebLogic Server installation as referenced in the
oraInventory used by WebLogic Server 12.2.1 installers.
You can obtain the version number and Patch Set level of a WebLogic Server instance
or domain several different ways. For example:
For an Administration Server or Managed Server instance, you can view the
version message sent to stdout when the server is started. For example:
<Version: WebLogic Server 12.2.1.0.0 Thu Aug 13 16:15:36 PDT 2015 1698759 >
For a domain, you can view the value of the <domain-version> element in the
domain configuration file, config.xml. For example:
<domain-version>12.2.1.0.0</domain-version>
15.3.2 WebLogic Version Compatibility

Within a WebLogic domain, the Administration Server, all Managed Server instances,
and the WebLogic domain must be at the same WebLogic Server Major and Minor
Version. This means that in WebLogic Server 12.2.1, the Administration Server,
Managed Servers, and the WebLogic domain must all be at version 12.2.1. Note the
following guidelines for maintaining consistency in Patch Set Update and Interim or
One-off Patch levels within a domain.
Note:
Versions of WebLogic Server prior to 12.1.2 have slightly different

compatibility allowances regarding specific WebLogic Server versions that are
supported in a given domain. For information, see Upgrading Oracle WebLogic
Server.
In general, the best practice is for all server instances within a domain to be at the
same Patch Set Update (PSU) and Interim or One-off Patch level during steadystate operation. However, there may be cases where server instances are required
to run at different PSUs and Interim or One-off Patch levels within a domain. The
primary examples include:
When applying PSUs, Interim or One-off Patches in rolling fashion across server
instances in the domain. In such cases, the maintenance should be applied to the
Administration Server first, so that the Administration Server is at the same PSU
and Interim or One-off Patch level (or higher) than its Managed Servers. For
information, see "About Rolling Upgrade" in Upgrading Oracle WebLogic Server.
When there are specific requirements to run Managed Servers within a domain
at different PSU and Interim or One-off Patch levels in steady-state operation. In
such cases, the Administration Server should be at the highest PSU level, so that
the Administration Server is at the same PSU level or higher than all of the
Managed Servers. If Managed Servers within a domain are running with
different Interim or One-off Patches, it will not be possible to apply a consistent
set of Interim or One-off Patches to the Administration Server. Because this
maintenance complexity may be difficult to manage, the general best practice is
to use the same PSU and Interim or One-off Patch level across all servers in the
domain.
Server instances within a cluster or domain can run on any hardware and
operating systems as long as the hardware and operating systems are listed on the
Oracle Fusion Middleware Supported System Configurations page on Oracle
Technology Network. However, note that running clustered Managed Server
instances on different hardware and operating systems may impact load balancing
and performance. In general, the best practice is to run all Managed Servers within
a cluster on the same hardware and operating system.
If the WebLogic domain is part of an Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
installation, additional requirements exist regarding the combinations of hardware,
operating system, and JVMs, that may be configured in the domain. For more
information, see Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control Administrator's Guide.
For more information about WebLogic domains, see Understanding Domain
Configuration for Oracle WebLogic Server (note especially the section "Domain
Restrictions," which provides additional details about domain compatibility).
15.3.3 Hardware, Operating System, and JVM Platform Compatibility

WebLogic Server instances within a domain can run on any hardware, operating
system, and JVM platform as long as the hardware, operating systems, and JVMs are
supported for the current version of WebLogic Server. For details, see the Oracle
Fusion Middleware Supported System Configurations page on the Oracle Technology
Network.
Persistent Data Compatibility
Note:
Although this platform compatibility support extends to Managed Server

instances within a cluster, Oracle strongly recommends that clusters be
homogeneous with respect to the underlying hardware, operating system, and
JVM. Managed Server instances running in the same cluster are assumed to be
equivalent, so running clustered server instances on mixed platforms may
have a negative impact on load balancing and performance. If you must
operate a cluster on a mixed platform, Oracle strongly recommends that you
understand the load balancing and performance implications.
15.3.4 Node Manager Compatibility

As a best practice, Oracle recommends that the version of Node Manager used in a
WebLogic domain should match the version of the Administration Server.
If you are running a version of WebLogic Server prior to 12.1.2, see Upgrading Oracle
WebLogic Server for additional Node Manager compatibility information that may be
applicable to your environment. For more information about Node Manager
compatibility, see Administering Node Manager for Oracle WebLogic Server.
15.4 Persistent Data Compatibility

When moving from WebLogic Server 10.0 to 12c (12.2.1), there are changes required to
configuration files. Upgrade tooling in WebLogic Server 10.0 and later automatically
converts the configuration files for you.
15.5 API Compatibility

WebLogic Server 10.0, 10.3.x, 12.1.1, 12.1.2, and 12.1.3 applications deployed on
WebLogic Server 12c (12.2.1) will function without modification. Exceptions to this
rule include cases where APIs were deprecated in prior WebLogic Server releases and
removed, or where API behavior was changed in order to conform to a specification or
to fix incorrect behavior. In certain circumstances, a correction may cause your
application to behave differently.
15.6 Protocol Compatibility

Interoperability between WebLogic Server 12c (12.2.1) and WebLogic Server 10.0,
10.3.x, 12.1.1, 12.1.2, and 12.1.3 is supported in the following scenarios:
A WebLogic Server 10.0, 10.3.x, 12.1.1, 12.1.2, and 12.1.3 client can invoke RMIbased applications hosted on a WebLogic Server 12c (12.2.1) server using IIOP, T3,
T3S, HTTP, and HTTPS. JMS applications can be invoked using T3, T3S, HTTP, and
HTTPS.
A WebLogic Server 12c (12.2.1) client can invoke RMI-based applications hosted on
a WebLogic Server 10.0, 10.3.x, 12.1.1, 12.1.2, and 12.1.3 server using IIOP, T3, T3S,
HTTP, and HTTPS. JMS applications can be invoked using T3, T3S, HTTP, and
HTTPS.
A WebLogic Proxy Plug-In can proxy to the latest patch set release of a 10.0, 10.3.x,
12.1.1, 12.1.2, and 12.1.3 server.
One important restriction is with regards to interoperability between WebLogic Server

12c (12.2.1) and an older release of WebLogic Server that uses Compatibility security.
WebLogic Server 12c(12.2.1) has removed support for Compatibility security in both
the server and client. To enable interoperability with a version of WebLogic Server
that uses Compatibility security, you can choose one of the following options:
Configure the network channel used for communicating with the older WebLogic
Server domain to use the IIOP protocol instead of T3. For information,
see "Configuring Network Resources" in Administering Server Environments for
Use a WebLogic Server version 12.1.3 or prior client. For information,
see "Overview of Stand-alone Clients" in Developing Stand-alone Clients for
Upgrade the domain of the older WebLogic Server release so that it no longer uses
Compatibility security.

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Oracle Fusion Middleware

Understanding Oracle WebLogic Server

Oracle Fusion Middleware Understanding Oracle WebLogic Server, 12c (12.2.1.1.0)

Documentation Accessibility ....................................................................................................................

Programming Models .....................................................................................................................

High Availability .............................................................................................................................

Client Options ..................................................................................................................................

Integration with Oracle WebLogic Suite ......................................................................................

Integration with Other Systems.....................................................................................................

Integration with Web Servers ........................................................................................................

WebLogic Server API Examples and Sample Application ......................................................

Overview of WebLogic Server System Administration.............................................................

Choosing the Appropriate Technology for Your Administrative Tasks .................................

Summary of System Administration Tools and APIs ................................................................

Roadmap for Administering the WebLogic Server System ......................................................

Overview of Administration Consoles

Using the WebLogic Server Administration Console ................................................................

About the WebLogic Server Administration Console ....................................................

Starting the WebLogic Server Administration Console ................................................

Elements of the WebLogic Server Administration Console...........................................

Using the Change Center ...................................................................................................

Using Fusion Middleware Control ..............................................................................................

Fusion Middleware Control Online Help.........................................................................

WebLogic Server Domains

Understanding Domains ................................................................................................................

Organizing Domains .......................................................................................................................

Administration Server .........................................................................................................

Managed Servers and Managed Server Clusters.............................................................

Managed Coherence Servers and Coherence Clusters ...................................................

Resources and Services........................................................................................................

Roadmap for Understanding WebLogic Server Domains.........................................................

WebLogic Server Clustering

Overview of WebLogic Server Clusters .......................................................................................

Relationship Between Clusters and Domains .............................................................................

Relationship Between Coherence and WebLogic Server Clusters ...........................................

Benefits of Clustering ......................................................................................................................

Key Capabilities of Clusters ...........................................................................................................

Objects That Can Be Clustered ......................................................................................................

Objects That Cannot Be Clustered.................................................................................................

Overview of Dynamic Clusters .....................................................................................................

Roadmap for Clustering in WebLogic Server..............................................................................

Developing Applications in WebLogic Server

WebLogic Server and the Java EE Platform.................................................................................

Overview of Java EE Applications and Modules........................................................................

Roadmap for Developing Applications in WebLogic Server....................................................

Deploying Applications in WebLogic Server

Overview of the Deployment Process ..........................................................................................

Java EE 6 Deployment Implementation ......................................................................................

Fast Track Deployment Guide .......................................................................................................

Java EE Deployment ............................................................................................................

System Administrator Tools ...............................................................................................

Coherence Deployment .......................................................................................................

Roadmap for Deploying Applications in WebLogic Server......................................................

WebLogic Server Data Sources

Understanding JDBC Data Sources...............................................................................................

Understanding Generic Data Sources...........................................................................................

Understanding GridLink Data Sources ........................................................................................

Understanding JDBC Multi Data Sources....................................................................................

Understanding Proxy Data Sources..............................................................................................

Understanding Universal Connection Pool Data Sources.........................................................