Resolução Capitulo 13 Sadiku Circuitos Elétricos 5ed

Monday, June 27, 2011
CHAPTER 13
P.P. 13.1
For mesh 1,
141.42+j141.42 = 4(1 + j2)I 1 + jI 2
(1)
For mesh 2,
0 = jI 1 + (10 + j5)I 2
(2)
For the matrix form
j I1
141.42 j141.42 4 j8
0
10 j 5 I 2
= j100, 2 = 141.42j141.42
I 2 = 2 / = (141.42j141.42)/j100
V o = 10I 2 = 10(1.4142j1.4142) = 20135 V
P.P. 13.2
Since I 1 enters the coil with reactance 2 and I 2 enters the coil with
reactance 6, the mutual voltage is positive. Hence, for mesh 1,
10060o = (5 + j2 + j6 j 3x2)I 1 j6I 2 + j3I 2
10060o = (5 + j2)I 1 j3I 2
or
For mesh 2,
0 = (j6 j4)I 2 j6I 1 + j3I 1
or
I 2 = 1.5I 1
Substituting this into (1),
(1)
(2)
10060o = (5 j2.5)I 1
I 1 = (10060o)/(5.5926.57o) = 17.88986.57o A
I 2 = 1.5I 1 = 26.8386.57o A
P.P. 13.3
The coupling coefficient is, k = m/ L1 L 2 1 / 2x1 = 0.7071
To obtain the energy stored, we first obtain the frequency-domain circuit shown below.
100cos(t) becomes 1000o, = 2
1H becomes j1 = j2
2H becomes j2 = j4
(1/8) F becomes 1/jC = -j4
VS
-j4
I1
j4
j2
For mesh 1,
100 = (4 j4 + j4)I 1 j2I 2
or
50 = 2I 1 jI 2
For mesh 2,
j2I 1 + (2 + j2)I 2 = 0
or
I 1 = (1 j)I 2
Substituting (2) into (1),
I2
(1)
(2)
(2 j3)I 2 = 50
I 2 = 50/(2 j3) = 13.8756.31o
I 1 = 19.65811.31o
In the time domain,
At t = 1.5,
i 1 = 19.658cos(2t + 11.31o)
i 2 = 13.87cos(2t + 56.31o)
2t = 3 rad = 171.9o
i 1 = 19.658cos(171.9o + 11.31o) = 19.62 A
i 2 = 13.87cos(171.9o + 56.31o) = 9.25 A
The total energy stored in the coupled inductors is given by,

W = 0.5L 1 (i 1 )2 + 0.5L 2 (i 2 )2 0.5M(i 1 i 2 )
= 0.5(2) (19.62)2 + 0.5(1)(9.25)2 (1)(19.62)(9.25)
= 246.2 J
P.P. 13.4
Z in = 4 + j8 + [32/(j10 j6 + 6 + j4)]
= 4 + j8 + 9/(6 + j8)
= 8.5858.05o
The current from the voltage is,

I = V/Z = 400o/8.5858.05o = 4.66258.05o A
P.P. 13.5
L 1 = 10, L 2 = 4, M = 2
L 1 L 2 M2 = 40 4 = 36
L A = (L 1 L 2 M2)/(L 2 M) = 36/(4 2) = 18 H
L B = (L 1 L 2 M2)/(L 1 M) = 36/(10 2) = 4.5 H
L C = (L 1 L 2 M2)/M = 36/2 = 18 H
Hence, we get the equivalent circuit as shown below.
18 H
18 H
4.5 H
P.P. 13.6
If we reverse the direction of I 2 so that we replace I 2 by I 2 , we
have the circuit shown in Figure (a).
j3
-j4
j3
I1
j6
I2
12
120
(a)
We now replace the coupled coil by the T-equivalent circuit and assume = 1.
La = 5 3 = 2 H
Lb = 6 3 = 3 H
Lc = 3 H
Hence the equivalent circuit is shown in Figure (b). We apply mesh analysis.
-j4
j2
j3
j3
120o
I1
I2
(b)
12
12 = i 1 (-j4 + j2 + j3) + j3i 2

or 12 = ji 1 + j3i 2
(1)
0 = j3i 1 + (j3 + j3 + 12)i 2
Loop 2 produces,
or i 1 = (-2 + j4)i 2
Substituting (2) into (1),
(2)
12 = (-4 + j)i 2 , which leads to i 2 = 12/(-4 + j)

I 2 = -i 2 = 12/(4 j) = 2.9114.04o A
I 1 = i 1 = (-2 + j4)i 2 = 12(2 j4)/(4 j) = 1349.4o A

P.P. 13.7
(a)
n = V 2 /V 1 = 110/2200 = 1/20 (a step-down transformer)
(b)
S = V 1 I 1 = 2200x5 = 11 kVA
(c)
I 2 = I 1 /n = 5/(1/20) = 100 A
P.P. 13.8
resulting in
The 16 j24-ohm impedance can be reflected to the primary
Z in = 2 + (16 j24)/16 = 3 j1.5
I 1 = 240/(3 j1.5) = 240/(3.35426.57) = 71.5626.57o
I 2 = I 1 /n = 17.8926.57o
V o = j24i 2 = (2490o)(17.8926.57o) = 429.4116.57oV
S 1 = V 1 I 1 = (240)( 71.5626.57o) = 17.17426.57o kVA.
P.P. 13.9
+ v0
4
I1
1:2
I2
+
1200o
V1
V2
+
V3
10
Consider the circuit shown above.

At node 1,
(120 V 1 )/4 = I 1 + (V 1 V 3 )/8
(1)
At node 2,
[(V 1 V 3 )/8] + [(V 2 V 3 )/2] = (V 3 )/8
(2)
At the transformer terminals, V 2 = 2V 1 and I 2 = I 1 /2
(3)
But I 2 = (V 2 V 3 )/2 = I 1 /2 which leads to I 1 = (V 3 V 2 )/1 = V 3 + 2V 1 .

Substituting all of this into (1) and (2) leads to,
(120 V 1 )/4 = V 3 + 2V 1 + (V 1 V 3 )/8 which leads 240 = 19V 1 + 7V 3 (4)

[(V 1 V 3 )/8] + [(2V 1 V 3 )/2] = V 3 /8 which leads to
V 3 = 7V 1 /6
From (4) and (5),
240 = 10.833V 1 or V 1 = 22.155 volts
V 3 = 7V 1 /6 = 25.85 volts
V o = V 1 V 3 = 48 volts
(5)
P.P. 13.10
We should note that the current and voltage of each winding of the
autotransformer in Figure (b) are the same for the two-winding transformer in Figure (a).
3A
0.5A
6A
6.5A
120V
10V
130V
120V
120V
10V
0.5A
(a)
(b)
For the two-winding transformer,

S 1 = 120x0.5 = 60 VA
S 2 = 6(10) = 60 VA
For the autotransformer,
S 1 = 120(6.5) = 780 VA
S 2 = 130(6) = 780 VA
P.P. 13.11
(I 2 )* = S 2 /V 2 = 16,000/1000 = 16 A
Since S 1 = V 1 (I 1 )* = V 2 (I 2 )* = S 2 ,
V 2 /V 1 = I 1 /I 2 , 1000/2500 = I 1 /32,
or I 1 = 1000x16/2500 = 6.4 A.
At the top, KCL produces I 1 + I o = I 2 , or I o = I 2 I 1 = 16 6.4 = 9.6 A.
P.P. 13.12
(a)
S T = (3)V L I L , but S T = P T /cos = 40x106/0.85 = 47.0588 MVA

I LS = S T /(3)V LS = 47.0588x106/[(3)12.5x103] = 2.174 kA
(b)
V LS = 12.5 kV, V LP = 625 kV, n = V LS /V LP = 12.5/625 = 0.02
(c)
I LP = nI LS = 0.02x2173.6 = 43.47 A
or I LP = S T /[(3)v LP ] = 47.0588x106/[(3)625x103] = 43.47 A
(d)
The load carried by each transformer is (1/3)S T = 15.69 MVA
P.P. 13.13
The process is essentially the same as in Example 13.13. We are
given the coupling coefficient, k = 0.4, and can determine the operating frequency from
the value of = 4 which implies that f = 4/(2) = 0.6366 Hz.
ACMAG=160V
Saving and then simulating produces,
i o = 2.012cos(4t + 68.52o) A
P.P. 13.14
Following the same basic steps in Example 13.14, we first assume
= 1. This then leads to following determination of values for the inductor and the
capacitor.
j15 = jL leads to L = 15 H
-j16 = 1/(C) leads to C = 62.5 mF
The schematic is shown below.
ACMAG=220V
FREQ
VM($N_0005,0)
VP($N_0005,0)
1.592E-01
1.530E+02
2.185E+00
FREQ
VM($N_0001,0)
VP($N_0001,0)
1.592E-01
2.302E+02
2.091E+00
Thus,
V 1 = 1532.18 V
V 2 = 230.22.09 V
Note, if we divide V 2 by V 1 we get 1.5046.09 which is in good agreement that the

transformer is ideal with a voltage ratio of 1:1.5 (or 2:3)!
P.P. 13.15
V 2 /V 1 = 120/13,200 = 1/110 = 1/n
P.P. 13.16
VS
Z1
+
V1
Z L /n2
As in Example 13.16, n2 = Z L /Z 1 = 400/(2.5x103) = 4/25, n = 0.4

By voltage division, V 1 = V s /2 (since Z 1 = Z L /n2), therefore V 1 = 60/2 = 30 volts,
and
V 2 = nV 1 = (0.4)(30) = 12 volts
P.P. 13.17
(a)
S = 12x60 + 350 + 4,500 = 5.57 kW
(b)
I P = S/V P 5570/2400 = 2.321 A

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Monday, June 27, 2011

For the matrix form

0 = (j6 j4)I 2 j6I 1 + j3I 1

Substituting this into (1),

The coupling coefficient is, k = m/ L1 L 2 1 / 2x1 = 0.7071

100 = (4 j4 + j4)I 1 j2I 2

Substituting (2) into (1),

In the time domain,

The total energy stored in the coupled inductors is given by,

The current from the voltage is,

Hence, we get the equivalent circuit as shown below.

12 = i 1 (-j4 + j2 + j3) + j3i 2

0 = j3i 1 + (j3 + j3 + 12)i 2

12 = (-4 + j)i 2 , which leads to i 2 = 12/(-4 + j)

I 1 = i 1 = (-2 + j4)i 2 = 12(2 j4)/(4 j) = 1349.4o A

n = V 2 /V 1 = 110/2200 = 1/20 (a step-down transformer)

The 16 j24-ohm impedance can be reflected to the primary

Z in = 2 + (16 j24)/16 = 3 j1.5

I 1 = 240/(3 j1.5) = 240/(3.35426.57) = 71.5626.57o

Consider the circuit shown above.

(120 V 1 )/4 = I 1 + (V 1 V 3 )/8

[(V 1 V 3 )/8] + [(V 2 V 3 )/2] = (V 3 )/8

At the transformer terminals, V 2 = 2V 1 and I 2 = I 1 /2

But I 2 = (V 2 V 3 )/2 = I 1 /2 which leads to I 1 = (V 3 V 2 )/1 = V 3 + 2V 1 .

(120 V 1 )/4 = V 3 + 2V 1 + (V 1 V 3 )/8 which leads 240 = 19V 1 + 7V 3 (4)

For the two-winding transformer,

S T = (3)V L I L , but S T = P T /cos = 40x106/0.85 = 47.0588 MVA

V LS = 12.5 kV, V LP = 625 kV, n = V LS /V LP = 12.5/625 = 0.02

The load carried by each transformer is (1/3)S T = 15.69 MVA

Saving and then simulating produces,

The schematic is shown below.

Note, if we divide V 2 by V 1 we get 1.5046.09 which is in good agreement that the

V 2 /V 1 = 120/13,200 = 1/110 = 1/n

As in Example 13.16, n2 = Z L /Z 1 = 400/(2.5x103) = 4/25, n = 0.4

S = 12x60 + 350 + 4,500 = 5.57 kW

I P = S/V P 5570/2400 = 2.321 A

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