SIMULATION LaminarPipeFlow NumericalResults 210616 0119 15520 PDF

Laminar Pipe Flow - Numerical Results
Authors: Rajesh Bhaskaran and John Singleton, Cornell University

Problem Specification
1. Pre-Analysis & Start-Up
2. Geometry
3. Mesh
4. Physics Setup
5. Numerical Solution
6. Numerical Results
7. Verification & Validation
Exercises
Comments
Numerical Results
The results steps shown below are for the CFD-Post postprocessor that is included in ANSYS Workbench. For instructions to view the results in
the traditional FLUENT post-processor, click here.
Velocity Vectors
The following video shows how to visualize velocity vectors.
Summary of the above video:
1.
2.
3.
4.
At the project schematic, double click on Results

Click on the Z axis to view the XY plane
Click periodic 1
Add velocity vector
a. Click on vector icon between the Location drop down menu and the Contour icon
b. In the Details menu, select periodic 1 for the Location
c. Click Apply
5. To make the vector symbols smaller
a. In the details menu of Velocity vectors, select the Symbol tab
b. Enter 0.1 for the Symbol Size
Velocity Magnitude Contours

The following video shows how to plot velocity magnitude contours. In order to get a better view of the contours, the video also shows how to
stretch the domain in the radial direction as well as reflect it about the axis.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click on the Contours icon next to the Velocity Vectors icon

Name it Velocity Magnitude
In the Details of Velocity magnitude, selection periodic 1 for Location
In the variable dropdown menu, select Velocity
Click Apply
To get more contours
a. Scroll down the details geometry tab
b. Enter 51 contours in the # of Contours blank
7. To scale the diagram
a. Click on the View tab inside the Details menu
b. Check Apply Scale
c. Enter 10 in the radial direction (2nd blank)
d. Click Apply
8. Turn off the wireframe by unchecking Wireframe under User Locations and Plots in the main tree
9. To reflect the diagram to better represent a pipe
a. Scroll down the View tab
b. Check Apply Reflection Mirroring
c. In the Method dropdown menu, select ZX Plane
In ANSYS version 14.5, only one half of the pipe cross-section is displayed after using the mirroring option. You can work around this
by applying the mirroring condition in the "Default transform" setting instead of the "View" Tab from the above video. To do this select
"Default Transform" in the left-hand menu, uncheck "Instancing Info from Domain", check "Apply Reflection" and select to mirror about
the ZX Plane.
Velocity Profile at the Outlet

The following video shows how to plot the velocity profile at the outlet.
1. Create a line at the outlet
a. Click on the Location icon at the toolbar
b. Select Line
c. Name it Pipe Outlet
d. For Point 1, enter 8 0 0
e. For Point 2, enter 8 .1 0
f. Click on Apply
2. Uncheck Velocity magnitude and check Wireframe to verify the location of the two points
3. Plot the axial velocity along this line
a. Click on the Chart icon in the toolbar
b. Name it Velocity Profile
c. Click on the 3D viewer by clicking the tab at the bottom
d. Click on the Data Series tab in Details of Velocity Profile
e.
3.
e. In the Location dropdown menu, select Pipe Outlet

f. Click on the X Axis tab
g. In the Variable dropdown menu, select Velocity U
h. Click on the Y Axis tab
i. In the Variable dropdown menu, select Y (radial distance)
j. Click Apply and you should see a plot in the Chart Viewer tab to the right
4. To export the data to Excel, in the Details of Velocity Profile, click Export
Tip: You can increase the number of Samples along the "Pipe Outlet location" to get a smoother curve (though it might not make a difference
here since the radial mesh is very coarse). See snapshot below.
Axial Variation of Pressure

The following video shows how to plot the pressure variation along the wall and the axis.
1. Go to 3D Viewer tab
2. To plot the pressure along the centerline
a. In the toolbar, click on the Location dropdown menu
b. Select Line
c. For Point 1, enter 0 0 0
d. For Point 2, enter 8 0 0
3.
3. To plot the pressure along the pipe wall, duplicate Centerline under User Locations and Plots
a. For Point 1, enter 0 0.1 0
b. For Point 2, enter 8 0.1 0
4. Create a Chart by clicking the Chart icon in the toolbar
a. Name this Axial Pressure Variation
b. In the Details menu, click on the Data Series tab
c. In the Locatin dropdown menu, select Centerline
d. Click on the X Axis tab
e. For the Variable dropdown menu, select X
f. Click on the Y Axis tab
g. For the Variable dropdown menu, leave as pressure
h. Go back to Data Series tab
i. Add another line by clicking on the New Icon
j. For Location dropdown menu, select Pipe Wall
You can increase the number of Samples for "Centerline" and "Pipe Wall" locations to get smoother curves.
Skin Friction Coefficient

The video below explains how the skin friction coefficient is calculated in FLUENT and the need for setting reference values.
To plot the skin friction coefficient in CFD Post, follow the steps in the video below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Go to the Project Schematic page, click on Solution

In Fluent, under Reference values, make sure the density and velocity are of value 1
Click on File > Data File Quantities, select Skin Friction Coefficient
Click on Run Calculation tab > Calculate
Go back to Project Schematic
Double click on Results
Create a Chart by clicking on the Chart Icon in the toolbar
a. Name it Cf
b. Click on the Data Series tab in Details of Cf window
c. For the Location dropdown menu, select Pipe Wall
d. For the X Axis tab, select Variable X
e. For the Y Axis tab, select Variable Skin Friction Coefficient
f. Press Apply
8. To get a smoother plot
a. Go to Pipe Wall in the tree
b. Scroll down in Geometry tab
c. Increase Sample to 100
d. Press apply
Go to Step 7: Verification & Validation
Go to all FLUENT Learning Modules

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Laminar Pipe Flow - Numerical Results

Authors: Rajesh Bhaskaran and John Singleton, Cornell University

At the project schematic, double click on Results

Velocity Magnitude Contours

Click on the Contours icon next to the Velocity Vectors icon

Velocity Profile at the Outlet

e. In the Location dropdown menu, select Pipe Outlet

Axial Variation of Pressure

Skin Friction Coefficient

Go to the Project Schematic page, click on Solution

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