University of California at Berkeley

Department of Physics
Physics 8B Section 2, Spring 2016
Final Exam
May 12, 2016
You have 180 minutes to work this exam. No books are allowed, but you may use four sides of handwritten notes on paper no larger
than 8.5 by 11. Do not use a blue book or scratch paper other than that provided. Your description of the physics involved in a
problem is worth significantly more than any numerical answer. Show all work and take particular care to explain what you are
doing. Please use the symbols described in the problems, tell us why you are writing any new equations, and label any drawings that
you make. Write the answers in the space following the question, after you have decided on your answer. If there are parts of your
solution on other sheets, make a note in the answer space telling us where to look for the additional information, and label that
information with the number of the problem. Write clearly; if we cant read it we cant give credit.
NAME:_______________________________________________

1 (5 pts.)

SID NUMBER:________________________________________

2 (15 pts.)

DISCUSSION SECTION NUMBER:_______________________

3 (25 pts.)

DISCUSSION SECTION DAY/TIME:____________________

4 (10 pts.)
5 (10 pts.)
6 (10 pts.)
7 (20 pts)
8 (10 pts)
9 (10 pts)
10 (10 pts)
11 (20 pts)
12 (10 pts)
13 (25 pts)
14 (10 pts)
15 (10 pts)
Total (200 pts.)

UNITS and CONSTANTS for this exam (approximations):

k = 1/ (40) 1010 Nm2/C2 = electrostatic constant,

0 10-11 C2/Nm2 or (F/m),
0 10-6 N / A2 or (H/m)
1.7 =
3, 2 6, 4 10
-
1
9
e 2 x10 C = magnitude of the charge of an electron
c = 3 x 108 m/sec = 3 x 105 km / sec
Mass of electron, me 10-30 kg, Mass of proton = mp = 2 x 10-27 kg
Distance Earth to Sun = 1.5 x 1011 m
1 eV = 10-19 Joules; corresponds to temperature = 104 K, EM frequency = 2 x 1014 Hz, EM wavelength = 1 m,
Boltzmanns constant kB =10-23 J / K =10-4 eV / K
Wien Law constant = 3 mmK
Plancks constant = h = 7 x 10-34 Joule-sec = 7 x 10-15 eV-sec
FORMULAS from 8A:
For constant acceleration: vf = v0 + at, d = v0t + at2/2, vf2 = v02 + 2a d
Force of gravity (@ Earths surface) = mg. Centripetal force = mv2/r (toward center of circular orbit)
Kinetic energy = mv2/2 = p2/2m. Linear momentum p = mv. Angular momentum = r p = r x mv
Work = F dr Power = work / time = F v

Physics 8B -2, Final, S 16, p. 1

1. Consider a conducting cylinder whose length L = 1m and diameter D = 1 cm. There is negative electric
charge in amount Q on the cylinder. Answers are qualitative, or as quantitative as you can make them
in terms of Q, L, D, and distances given. Consider the distances taken at middle of the cylinder, i.e., 0.5
m from its ends.
A. Sketch the direction of electric field, E, at a point 0.01 cm inside the conductor. Estimate the magnitude
of E.

B. Sketch the direction of electric field, E, at a point 0.01 cm outside the conductor. Estimate the
magnitude of E.

C. Sketch the direction of electric field, E, at a point 10 cm outside the conductor. Estimate the magnitude
of E.

D. Sketch the direction of electric field, E, at a point 10 m outside the cylinder. Estimate the magnitude of
E.

Physics 8B -2, Final, S 16, p. 2

2. ( pts) Consider the case of one lamp connected to one battery as the standard case. All the
lamps are the same in what follows. All the batteries are the same and are ideal (no internal
resistance). The changes refer to the standard case.
A. Suppose there are two lamps in series connected to one battery. Are they each brighter or
dimmer than in the standard case?

B. Suppose there are two batteries in series, connected to one lamp. Is the lamp brighter or
dimmer than in the standard case?

C. Suppose there are two batteries in parallel, is the one lamp brighter or dimmer than in the
standard case?

D. Suppose there are two lamps in parallel connected to one battery. Are they each brighter or
dimmer than in the standard case?

==================

3. ( pts) Temperature affects some physical phenomena more than others. For two of the
following physical properties or processes, explain briefly the degree to which
temperature affects it:
Black Body radiation para magnetism - electric conductivity in a metal - electrical
conductivity in an intrinsic semiconductor - electrical conductivity in a doped semiconductor electric conductivity in an insulator -

A.

B.

Physics 8B -2, Final, S 16, p. 3

4. ( pts) A conducting loop of area 200 cm2 and resistance 10 lies at right angles to a spatially uniform,
but time varying, magnetic field. The loop carries an induced current of 320 mA. At what rate is the
magnetic field changing? Express your answer using two significant figures.
dB / dt = ___________ T/s

========================
5. Two infinitely long wires carrying currents in the directions indicated are placed in a plane at
right angles to each other. What are the directions of the magnetic forces on the wires at
points 1, 2, 3, 4? Explain and indicate by arrows at these points. Directions out of the page are
indicated by

, and into the page by .

--- 1

I1
|
3

|
4

I2

--- 2

Physics 8B -2, Final, S 16, p. 4

6. ( pts) Consider a circuit consisting of a battery of EMF = 10 V, a capacitor, a resistor, and a

switch; all in series. The switch is open at the start. Fill in the blanks and briefly explain your
answers
A. At the moment the switch is closed, the voltage on the resistor = ______V. The voltage on the
capacitor = _______V. Current is flowing, Yes______ or No____?

B. After a long time with the switch closed, the voltage on the resistor = ______V. The voltage on
the capacitor = ______V. Current is flowing, Yes____ or No____?

====================
7. ( pts) Consider a circuit consisting of a battery of EMF = 10 V, an ideal inductor (no
resistance), a resistor, and a switch; all in series. The switch is open at the start. Fill in the
blanks and briefly explain your answers
A. At the moment the switch is closed, the voltage on the resistor = _______V. The voltage on the
inductor = ________V. Current is flowing, Yes______ or No____?

B. After a long time with the switch closed, the voltage on the resistor = ________V. The voltage
on the inductor = ________V. Current is flowing, Yes______ or No____?

Physics 8B -2, Final, S 16, p. 5

8. ( pts) Show that, if there is a force of attraction between two particles, the potential energy
(referred to infinite separation) is negative when they are close together. That is, bound
particles have lower potential energy than when they are separate.

=======================
-6
9. ( pts) Suppose a photon and a moving free electron both have the same wavelength, = 10 m. Which has
the larger energy? What is the ratio of their energies, Ephoton / E electron ? (Suggestion: Work out the ratio
symbolically before substituting the known physical constants to get an approximate numerical answer.)

Ephoton / E electron =

Physics 8B -2, Final, S 16, p. 6

10. ( pts) Miscellaneous questions: Briefly explain your answers:

i. What is the approximate net static electric charge on a metal sphere having an excess of +3 elementary
charges?
A. 6 x 10-19 C
B. 10 x 10-19 C
C. 6 x 10-18 C
D. 10 x 10-18 C
ii. The power adapter to a computer provides 6 V DC when plugged into the wall voltage of 120 V AC. There
is a transformer in the adapter.
Which of the following is closest to the ratio of number of turns in the primary, Np, to the number in the
secondary, Ns? Briefly explain your answer:
Np/Ns = A. 15:1
B. 200:1
C. 1:15
D. 1:200
iii. The probability of finding a particle at a position x (in one-dimension) within dx is
A. (x)
B. (x) dx
C. |(x)|2
D. |(x)|2 dx

iv. A spherical concave mirror is used in the back of a car headlight. Where must the bulb of the headlight be
located to produce a parallel beam of reflected light?
A. Between the principal focus and the mirror
B. Beyond the center of curvature of the mirror
C. At the principal focus of the mirror
D. At the center of the curvature of the mirror
v. A diverging (concave) lens by itself can form images that are?
A. Virtual, only
B. Inverted, only
C. Either virtual or real
D. Either inverted or erect
vi. The threshold frequency of a photo emissive surface is 7.0 x 1014 hertz. Which electromagnetic radiation,
incident upon the surface, will produce the greatest amount of current?
A. Low intensity infrared radiation
B. High intensity infrared radiation
C. Low intensity UV radiation
D. High intensity UV radiation

Physics 8B -2, Final, S 16, p. 7

11. ( pts) A meson is created in the laboratory and found to have a speed of 2.4 x 108 m/sec. It is observed to
decay 10 microsecs after its creation. What would be its lifetime if it were created at rest?

====================
12. ( pts) It is said that there is a "particle/wave duality" for matter and light. Describe briefly experiments that
provide evidence for the particle - or wave-like behavior of matter or light. For example, describe one
experiment that says light is a wave, and another that light is a particle. etc. (State what is done in the
experiment and relevant equation(s).)
Choose from : spectrum of H as explained by Schrodinger equation, photoelectric effect, optical diffraction
grating, Compton scattering, x ray diffraction, x ray generation, electron diffraction, photography, Rutherford
scattering,.. (or other relevant experiments)

Experimental evidence

Matter as a particle

Matter as a wave

Light as a particle

Light as a wave

Behavior

Physics 8B -2, Final, S 16, p. 8

13. ( pts) A continuous spectrum of light shines on a gas. It is observed that there are absorptions at photon
energies of 10 eV, 13 eV and 15 eV. What photon energies might be expected to be seen in emission from this
gas?

===============
14 ( pts) From the three energy level diagrams of solids below, identify the kind of electrical

conductor it is and write its number next to its name in the Table.

[1]

[2]

[3]

an isolated atom
an insulator
a semiconductor
an isolated
molecule
a conductor

Physics 8B -2, Final, S 16, p. 9

15. ( pts) Assuming there are at least three bound states in the finite potential well shown below, sketch the
wavefunctions of the first, second and third energy levels. Explain
A. the number of peaks

B. spacings of the peaks

C. Amplitudes of peaks

D. shapes near the walls.

Physics 8B -2, Final, S 16, p. 10

Scratch paper

Physics 8B -2, Final, S 16, p. 11