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    Understanding LTE With MATLAB

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    modiemania
    This document provides an overview and outline of a book on understanding LTE using MATLAB. It motivates the use of LTE as the basis for 4G wireless and beyond, and describes how MATLAB is well-suited for mathematically modeling and simulating the dynamic nature of LTE systems. The document outlines the chapters, which cover topics like modulation and coding, OFDM, MIMO, link adaptation, system specifications, simulation techniques, and prototyping algorithms as C/C++ code. The goal is to help communications engineers better understand LTE through mathematical modeling and simulation in MATLAB.

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    Understanding LTE With MATLAB

    Uploaded by

    modiemania
    90 views47 pages
    This document provides an overview and outline of a book on understanding LTE using MATLAB. It motivates the use of LTE as the basis for 4G wireless and beyond, and describes how MATLAB is well-suited for mathematically modeling and simulating the dynamic nature of LTE systems. The document outlines the chapters, which cover topics like modulation and coding, OFDM, MIMO, link adaptation, system specifications, simulation techniques, and prototyping algorithms as C/C++ code. The goal is to help communications engineers better understand LTE through mathematical modeling and simulation in MATLAB.

    Original Description:

    A MATLAB-guided presentation for understanding LTE system.

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    This document provides an overview and outline of a book on understanding LTE using MATLAB. It motivates the use of LTE as the basis for 4G wireless and beyond, and describes how MATLAB is well-suited for mathematically modeling and simulating the dynamic nature of LTE systems. The document outlines the chapters, which cover topics like modulation and coding, OFDM, MIMO, link adaptation, system specifications, simulation techniques, and prototyping algorithms as C/C++ code. The goal is to help communications engineers better understand LTE through mathematical modeling and simulation in MATLAB.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    90 views47 pages

    Understanding LTE With MATLAB

    Uploaded by

    modiemania
    This document provides an overview and outline of a book on understanding LTE using MATLAB. It motivates the use of LTE as the basis for 4G wireless and beyond, and describes how MATLAB is well-suited for mathematically modeling and simulating the dynamic nature of LTE systems. The document outlines the chapters, which cover topics like modulation and coding, OFDM, MIMO, link adaptation, system specifications, simulation techniques, and prototyping algorithms as C/C++ code. The goal is to help communications engineers better understand LTE through mathematical modeling and simulation in MATLAB.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 47

    Understanding LTE with MATLAB

    an overview

    By:
    Houman Zarrinkoub PhD.

    Motivations
    Why LTE?
    Delivers global broadband mobile communications for 21st century
    Features innovative new air interface technologies
    OFDMA, MIMO, Fast link adaptations

    Achieves remarkable performance


    Basis of 4G wireless technology
    Has staying power for even 5G technologies and beyond

    Every communications engineer should know something about it


    My favorite reason:
    Puts Fourier analysis and in general Math back in
    telecommunications

    Motivations
    Why LTE with MATLAB?
    Underlying transmission technologies has deep mathematical roots
    Dynamic nature of LTE transceiver system is best understood and
    revealed through simulation
    MATLAB provides a natural language and environment for
    mathematical modeling and simulation
    Area of authors expertise

    Overview of chapter 1
    Introduction

    Evolution of wireless standards

    *Although ETSI the European standardization body started GSM, later ETSI and other standard bodies formed 3GPP
    and 3G and 4G standards were developed globally by 3GPP. For a while a standard body known as 3GPP2 competed
    with 3GPP and developed North American 3G CDMA standards based on IS-95 but 3GPP2 finally dissolved in 2005

    LTE Requirements

    Improved system capacity and coverage


    High peak data rates
    Low latency (both User-plane and Control-plane)
    Reduced operating costs
    Multi-antenna support
    Flexible bandwidth operations
    Seamless integration with existing systems (3G, WiFi, etc.)

    Evolution of LTE
    LTE (Release 8) was completed in 2008
    LTE (Release 9) released in 2009
    with minor modifications to Rel. 8

    LTE-Advanced = LTE-A = LTE Release 10


    A maximum peak data rate of 1 Gbps
    approved by the ITU as an IMT-Advanced technology

    History of peak data rates


    Technology

    Theoretical peak data rate


    (at low mobility)

    WCDMA (UMTS)

    1.92 Mb/s

    HSDPA (Rel 5)

    14 Mb/s

    HSPA+ (Rel 6)

    84 Mb/s

    WiMAX (802.16e)

    26 Mb/s

    LTE (Rel 8)

    300 Mb/s

    WiMAX (802.16m)

    303 Mb/s

    LTE-Advanced (Rel 10)

    1 Gb/s

    LTE enabling technologies


    Air interface
    Downlink: OFDMA
    Uplink: SC-FDMA

    Multi-antenna (MIMO) techniques


    Defining multiple transmission modes

    Link adaptation

    Adaptive modulation & coding


    Adaptive precoding
    Adaptive MIMO (ranks or number of layers)
    Flexible bandwidth allocation

    Computationally efficient Turbo Coding

    LTE Downlink transmitter


    processing chain

    Organization of the book

    Chapter 2: Overview of the LTE Physical Layer


    Chapter 3: MATLAB for Communications System Design
    Chapter 4: Modulation and Coding
    Chapter 5: OFDM
    Chapter 6: MIMO
    Chapter 7: Link Adaptation
    Chapter 8: System-Level Specification
    Chapter 9: Simulation
    Chapter 10: Prototyping as C/C++ Code
    Chapter 11: Summary

    Overview of chapter 2
    LTE physical layer specification

    Uplink and Downlink nomenclature


    eNB
    = eNodeB
    = enhanced Node
    Base station

    eNB

    Downlink

    Uplink
    UE
    UE
    = User Equipment
    = Mobile unit

    FDD & TDD

    H(f)

    FDD: Frequency Division


    Duplex
    frequency bands are paired
    simultaneous transmission on
    two frequencies (one for downlink
    and the other for uplink)

    Fc(UL)

    Fc(DL)

    (0,0)

    TDD: Time Division Duplex


    frequency bands are unpaired
    uplink and downlink
    transmissions share the same
    channel and carrier frequency
    The transmissions in uplink and
    downlink directions are timemultiplexed

    Uplink (UL)
    Operating band

    H(f)

    Fc(UL)=Fc(DL)

    (0,0)

    Downlink (DL) &


    Uplink (UL)
    Operating band

    Downlink (DL)
    Operating band

    Data transfer Hierarchy

    Logical channels connect Layer 3 (IP RRC) to Layer 2 (MAC)


    Transport channels connect layer 2 (MAC) to Layer 1 (PHY)
    Physical channels constitute the signal to be transmitted

    Mapping Downlink channels


    Traffic
    channel

    Control
    channels

    Control
    channel

    Traffic
    channel

    L2/L1
    Control
    channels

    Unicast
    Mode of transmission

    Multicast/Broadcast
    Mode of transmission

    LTE time framing

    LTE frequency structure

    OFDM subcarrier
    spacing = 15 kHz
    Number of subcarriers
    per resource block =
    12
    resource block = unit
    of frequency
    scheduling = 12 x 15 =
    180 kHz
    Transmission
    bandwidth = a multiple
    of number of resource
    blocks

    Chanel

    Number

    Bandwidths

    Resource

    (MHz)

    Blocks

    of Transmission
    Bandwidths

    1.4

    6 x 12 x 15 kHz = 1.080 MHz

    15

    15 x 12 x 15 kHz = 2.7 MHz

    25

    25 x 12 x 15 kHz = 4.5 MHz

    10

    50

    50 x 12 x 15 kHz = 9.0 MHz

    15

    75

    75 x 12 x 15 kHz = 13.5 MHz

    20

    100

    100 x 12 x 15 kHz = 18.0 MHz

    LTE time-frequency paradigm


    Resource grid

    LTE Multi-antenna transmission


    space

    frequency
    Antenna port 3

    Subcarrier 3
    Antenna port 2
    Subcarrier 2
    Antenna port 1

    Subcarrier 1

    time
    OFDM
    symbol 1

    OFDM
    symbol 2

    OFDM
    symbol 3

    Multiple resource grids on each


    antenna port
    Resource grid on
    Antenna port 4

    Resource grid on
    Antenna port 3

    X
    Resource grid on
    Antenna port 2

    Resource grid on
    Antenna port 1

    LTE Downlink transmission modes


    Depend on MIMO techniques used
    LTE transmission modes

    Description

    Mode 1

    Single-antenna transmission

    Mode 2

    Transmit diversity

    Mode 3

    Open-loop codebook-based precoding

    Mode 4

    Closed-loop codebook-based precoding

    Mode 5

    Multi-user-MIMO version of transmission mode 4

    Mode 6

    Single-layer special case of closed-loop codebook-based precoding

    Mode 7

    Release-8 non-codebook-based precoding supporting only single-layer based on beamforming

    Mode 8

    Release-9 non-codebook-based precoding supporting up to two layers.

    Mode 9

    Release-10 non-codebook-based precoding supporting up to eight layers

    Transmission Mode 1 (SIMO):


    Receive Diversity
    Receive diversity

    Tx

    Rx

    2
    +

    3
    4

    Maximum
    Ratio
    Combining

    Transmission Mode 2:
    Transmit Diversity

    x1

    Transmit diversity

    h11

    x2

    x3
    x4

    -x*2
    x1
    -x*4

    x3

    h21

    h12

    h22

    Transmit
    Diversity
    Combiner

    Transmission Mode 4:
    Closed-loop Spatial Multiplexing
    Spatial multiplexing

    2
    =

    11
    21

    12

    22

    Transmission Mode 5:
    Multi-user MIMO
    MU-MIMO
    UE3

    UE4
    UE1

    MU=MIMO pair

    eNB

    UE2
    MU=MIMO pair

    Transmission Mode 7:
    UE-specific beamforming
    Beamforming

    Rx

    1
    2
    3
    4

    Overview of chapter 3
    MATLAB for Communications
    System Design

    From specification to
    implementation

    Elaborate specifications in a
    model as a blue-print for
    implementation
    Introduce innovative
    proprietary algorithms
    Assess system-level
    performance
    Accelerate simulation for large
    data sets
    Fill gaps from computer model
    to implementation

    Where does MATLAB fit?


    MATLAB and Communications System
    Toolbox for algorithm and system design
    MATLAB and Simulink for dynamic &
    large scale simulations
    Accelerate simulation with a variety of
    options in MATLAB
    Connect system design to
    implementation with
    C and HDL code generation

    Overview of chapter 4
    Modulation and coding

    Description & MATLAB programs for:

    LTE Modulation schemes


    Scrambling/descrambling
    Turbo coding
    Early-termination algorithms
    Rate matching
    Transport block processing

    Overview of chapter 5
    OFDM

    Description & MATLAB programs for:

    Fading channel models


    OFDM and frequency-domain
    equalization
    Resource grid content
    OFDM transmitter & receiver
    Transmission mode 1 (SISO,
    SIMO)

    Overview of chapter 6
    MIMO

    Description & MATLAB programs for:

    MIMO Fading channel models


    MIMO channel estimation
    MIMO receivers (ZF, MMSE, SD)
    MIMO techniques: Transmit
    diversity (TD) spatial multiplexing
    (SM)
    Transmission modes 2 (TD), 3
    (open-loop SM) & 4 (closed-loop
    SM)

    Overview of chapter 7
    Link Adaptations

    Description & MATLAB programs for:

    Channel Quality Estimation (CQI)


    Precoder Matrix Estimation (PMI)

    Rank Estimation (RI)


    Adaptive modulation and
    coding based on CQI
    Adaptive precoding based on
    PMI
    Adaptive MIMO based on RI

    Overview of chapter 8
    System-level specifications

    System model: Transmitter


    Mode
    Mode

    System model: MIMO fading


    channel
    1

    +
    2

    2
    (1) , (2) , , ()

    +
    3

    1
    2
    3

    +
    4

    +
    MIMO
    channel

    AWGN
    channel

    (1) , (2) , , ()

    System model: Receiver

    Mode

    Mode

    Overview of chapter 9
    Simulation

    Simulation acceleration techniques


    Better MATLAB
    code

    System objects

    MATLAB test
    cases:

    Users Code
    MATLAB to C

    Parallel
    Computing

    GPU
    processing

    LTE PDCCH
    processing chain
    Turbo coding
    algorithm

    Overview of chapter 10
    Prototyping as C/C++ Code

    From MATLAB to C

    MATLAB test
    cases:

    LTE PDCCH
    processing chain
    Adaptive
    modulation
    CSR interpolation
    Equalization
    OFDM & FFT
    implementation

    Overview of chapter 11
    Summary

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